Electrolytic cell for production of aluminium. RU patent 2509830.
 Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture / 2499085Electrolysis unit includes a cathode device containing a bath provided with a coal bottom and composed of coal blocks enclosed in a metal housing, with refractory and heat-insulating materials arranged between the metal housing, an anode assembly containing coal anodes connected to anode sludge, arranged in upper part of the bath and submerged into molten electrolyte; at the coal bottom, under each of the anodes there located are floats with higher specific electric conductivity in comparison to that of electrolyte, stable to destruction in cryolite-alumina melts and liquid aluminium; with that, upper surface of the float projects above the level of cathode aluminium and the floats can be moved and/or replaced to reduce inter-pole gap between anode and cathode. The floats are made from carbon, or from silicon carbide, or from a mixture of titanium diboride and carbon based on high-temperature binding substance and are covered with titanium diboride. Upper surface of the float is flat, or convex, or concave, or inclined to horizon and has capillaries and/or channels, and/or planes attaching the upper surface of a pedestal to cathode metal. |
 Composites for wet cathodes and their use in aluminium production / 2487956Composite has composition defined by formula (C-N-B-MR)x(Al-MR)y(R)z, where MR is one or several carbides, nitrides or borides of one or more heat-resiatant metals of IV, V, VI groups, C-N-B-MR is one or several carbides, nitrides or borides of one or more heat-resistant metals of IV, V or VI groups, Al-MR is one or several aluminides of one or several aforesaid heat-resistant metals. Note here that if MR=Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr, Ti, V, then Al-MR=Al3MR; is MR-W, Cr, then Al-MR=Al4MR; if MR=Mo, then Al-MR=Al8Mo3 or Al17Mo4. Note here that the condition should be satisfied whereat if C-N-B-MR=TiB2, Al-MR is not Al3Ti; R is residual component other than carbon containing one or several phases from Al4C3, AlN, AlB2, Al1·67B22, MRtAlu(C-N-B)v, where t, u, v are numbers larger than or equl to zeto; x, y, z are volume fractions of appropriate components. Note here that x>y; x+y>0.5; x+y+z=1 and 0.01<y<0.5. |
 Cathode of electrolytic cell for production of aluminium and method of its repair / 2483142Proposed cathode comprises jacket and lining with base made of heat-insulation and refractory materials, side lining, bottom of hearth sections with cathode rods and cathode downleads. The latter are made from the stack of flexible aluminium tapes, contact plate and steel adapter to be welded as-assembled to cathode rod and plugged to cathode bus. Cathode downleads are assembled in installing the lining by welding them to cathode rods and bolting downlead contact plates to the bracket. After disassembly of side lining, cathode rods with their downleads are extracted from cathode jacket, cleaned and transferred to cutting bay. Cutting is performed along the line or in zone of joint between rod and downlead metal adapter. After skinning the metal adapter end, cathode downlead is transferred for reassembly. |
 Cathode device for aluminium electrolytic cell with embossed hearth / 2482224Cathode device of an aluminium electrolytic cell with an embossed hearth contains a lined cathode shell ad a hearth composed of higher bottom blocks with projections and lower bottom blocks. The lower bottom blocks are installed at the cathode device hearth butt ends. The lower bottom blocks alternate with higher bottom blocks with projections or are installed in the projection centre of the electrolytic cell anode array, with at least two higher bottom blocks with projections, alternating with lower bottom blocks, installed at the both ends of the electrolytic cell anode array. The bottom block projection height is equal to 0.1÷0.6 of that of the smaller bottom block. The top parts of higher bottom blocks have level edges. The bottom blocks projections are made of a refractory non-carbon material, resistant to hot melt effect. |
 Method of producing metal by molten-salt electrolysis / 2471892Method for electrolytic production of metal in an electrolysis cell, having a cathode, an anode and collectors of impurities dissolved in the electrolyte, involves passing cathodic current through the cathode to obtain metal at the cathode and deposit impurities on the collector. The collector, which is placed between the anode the cathode, is a bipolar porous collector electrode which is a cellular matrix which is inert to the metal deposited at the cathode and the electrolyte. The bipolar porous collector electrode is in form of an open porous structure having internal pores or capillaries, or channels, or cavities, which are particularly V-shaped and/or W-shaped and/or S-shaped and are filled with the metal which is deposited at the cathode. The method employs a bipolar porous collector electrode, wherein the internal pores or capillaries, or channels or cavities are wettable by metal, and have dimensions, particularly diameter and length, which are sufficient for them to hold the metal and prevent spontaneous flow of metal from them due to surface tension forces of the metal. |
 Cathode device of aluminium electrolyser / 2458185Cathode device of aluminium electrolyser includes housing, bottom blocks with cathode rods, refractory casing under bottom blocks, side refractory, insert blocks from carbide-silicon material mounted close to side refractory. From above the side refractory is equipped with flange sheet mounted horizontally, between the upper surface of insert carbide-silicon block and flange sheet there is combined fire-resisting insert that is equipped with filling material and fire-resisting dielectric elements, the height of the insert is equal to 0.10-0.20 of insert block height. |
 Doped sintered article based on zircon and zirconium dioxide / 2456254Invention relates to sintered articles made from zircon and zirconium dioxide for use in a glass-melting furnace, particularly in articles used as supporting blocks for electrodes, or in an electrolysis cell in contact with molten cryolite. The initial load for producing the articles contains 5-50% zircon and has the average chemical composition given below, in wt % based on oxides with sum total of 100%: silicon dioxide SiO2 and zirconium dioxide, where content of zirconium dioxide ZrO2 is at least 75%, 0.2-6% dopant selected from Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and mixtures thereof, possibly a stabiliser selected from Y2O3, MgO, CaO, CeO2 and mixtures thereof in amount of 6% or less, 'other oxides' in amount of 6.7% or less. Components are formed from the initial charge and then sintered to obtain articles. |
 Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture / 2454490Electrolysis unit consists of the following: cathode device including pit with carbon bottom, the pit is formed by carbon blocks enclosed in metallic casing with flame proof and heat-insulating materials arranged between metallic casing and carbon blocks; anode device including carbon anodes connected to anode bus, the anodes are arranged in upper part of bath and absorbed in fused electrolyte; and point feeding system (PFS) including punch pin for electrolytic crust and alumina feeder. On carbon bottom under each PFS feeder there are units installed resistant to destruction in cryolite-alumina melt and molten aluminium. Upper base of unit is located at level and above level of molten aluminium not exceeding 2 cm. Units may be made from carbon or from silicon carbide, or from mixture of titanium diboride and aluminium oxide on high-temperature connection. Inserts from heavy material, such as cast iron, may be mounted inside units. Relation of squares of upper and lower bases of units changes from 1:1 to 1:2. Square value of upper basis of unit is chosen considering quantity of alumina loaded by dosemeter - from 30 to 80% - falling on it. Units may be covered by titanium diboride. Upper basis of units may be flat or convex, or inbent. |
 Electrolysis unit bottom for obtaining aluminium / 2449060Invention refers to metallurgy, and namely to devices used during aluminium manufacture with electrolytic method. Electrolysis unit bottom for obtaining of aluminium includes bottom units with slots, current-carrying bars, inter-unit connection in the form of refractory elements from silicone carbide, which are connected by means of inter-unit pulley from bottom mass and having the length equal to length of bottom unit, and the height equal to 0.35-1 of height of inter-unit joint. |
 Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture / 2449059Invention refers to design of electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture. Electrolysis unit includes cathode device - bath lined with carbon blocks, molten aluminium layer arranged at carbon bottom and serving as cathode, which is connected to cathode bus, and pre-baked carbon anodes connected to anode bus, which are arranged in upper part of bath and submerged into molten electrolyte. Inside electrolysis unit bath there located are bipolar electrodes parallel to its longitudinal axis, between carbon bottom and baked anodes, under each of baked anodes. Electrodes are located at distance of 1-3 cm from surface of molten aluminium providing free removal of gas bubbles and minimum excitation of molten electrolyte surface and are made from low consumable materials in molten layers. Electrodes are arranged on skids from refractory electrically non-conducting material, for example silicone carbide, which are fixed at bath bottom. Active cathode surface of bipolar electrode faces lower surface of baked carbon anode. Active anodic surface of bipolar electrode faces surface of molten aluminium. Surface area of bipolar electrode is not less than surface area of lower surface of baked carbon anode. |
 Graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum / 2245395The invention presents a graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum and is dealt with the field of metallurgy, in particular, with the graphitic cathodes used in production of aluminum by an electrolysis. The graphitic cathode for electrolysis of the aluminum is produced by graphitization of the cathodic block from a carbonaceous material. At that the cathode is made as the entire block with different specific electrical resistance along its longitudinal axis. At that the specific electrical resistance in the end areas of the cathode is more, than in its central area. The technical result - increased service life of the graphitic cathode at the expense of increased erosion resistance in the end areas of the cathode. |
 Impregnated graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum / 2245396The invention presents an impregnated graphitic cathode for production of aluminum by electrolysis and is pertinent to the field of metallurgy, in particular, to production of the graphitic cathodes used in production of aluminum by electrolysis. The invention offers an impregnated graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum and a method of its production. The cathode contains in its pores an impregnating product heat-treated. At that in the capacity of the impregnating product the cathode contains a carboniferous product heat treated under the temperature of no less than 1600°С to provide resistance to erosion at the expense of protection by the formed graphitized binding substance. The method includes production of the graphitic cathode, its impregnation by dipping into the impregnating product in vacuum and a thermal treatment. At that the graphitic cathode is produced from coke, with graphite or without it, and also from a pitch, and before impregnation it is exposed to calcination at the temperature exceeding 2400 °С. The impregnation is realized by a carboniferous product at the temperature of its viscous state and the thermal treatment of the impregnated cathode is conducted at the temperature of less than 1600 °С, but sufficient for hardening and-or sintering of the impregnating product and formation of the non-graphitized coal layer for protection of graphitizing binding substance against erosion. The technical result is an increase of service life of the graphitic cathode. |
 Cathodic device of aluminum electrolyzer / 2245397The invention I pertinent to nonferrous metallurgy and may be used in a design of electrolyzers for production of aluminum by electrolysis of fused salts. The technical result of the invention is hardening of a hearth, a decrease of thickness of a metal layer on the hearth and an interpolar space, a decrease of speeds of circulatory flows of cathodic metal, a decrease of losses of current. The cathodic device contains a lined cathodic housing and a hearth made out of from carbonaceous blocks with channels of a rectangular cross section. On the surface of the hearth there is a wetted with aluminum cover and the channels have the length equal to the width of the stack of the cathodic device, and with a width equal 1,1-2,2 well of the carbonaceous block, depth, equal to 0.2-0.4 of height of the carbonaceous block and thy are formed by the lateral longitudinal surfaces of the carbonaceous blocks and the carbonaceous blocks of the lateral cathodic lining. The electro-conductive cover wetted with aluminum is made out of titanium diboride. |
 Aluminum cell / 2256009Cathode casing of aluminum cell includes lengthwise walls with windows for outlet of cathode rods, end walls, bottom and ring frames rigidly joined with walls and bottom. In order to lower labor consumption, simplify mounting and dismounting operations. Ring frames adjacent at least to one of lengthwise walls (except boundary ring frames) from their upper part till inner edge in range of height of windows for outlet of cathode rods are freely adjoined to said lengthwise wall. According to other variant of invention at least one lengthwise wall is detachable. Parting places of said wall are arranged between boundary ring frames in range of height of windows for outlet of cathode rods. In parting places members providing rigid joint of detachable wall with fixed portion of casing wall are mounted. |
 Method of forming protective coating for carbon containing components of electrolysis cell / 2257425Method comprises steps of preparing liquid suspension of refractory material dispersed in solution of lignosulfonate binder; applying suspension as coating on surface of carbon containing component; drying coating. |
 Side lining of aluminum electrolyzer / 2263162Proposed side lining includes interconnected members - plates and blocks made from non-metallic refractory compounds possessing high resistance and interconnected by means of end faces in form of inversed symmetrical projections and recesses and adhesive or cementing mix. Plates and blocks are made from silicon carbide. Angular blocks are made in form of strip, 70 mm thick and 600-800 mm long which is bent at center around longitudinal axis at angle of 90° relative to vertical whose end faces are inclined at angle of 18° relative to vertical and are narrowing downward by 219 mm each. End faces are made in form of inversed symmetrical projections and recesses at radius of 14-15 mm which are parallel to vertical axis of walls of aluminum electrolyzer. |
 Cathode facing to aluminum cell / 2266983Cathode facing includes carbon blocks, heat insulation layer and refractory part having two protection layers, upper layer adjoining to carbon blocks and lower layer made of powder materials. Upper protection layer includes alumosilicate composition resistant against action of electrolyte components containing 27 -35% of Al2 O3 with fraction size no more than 2.5 mm and with thickness consisting 10 - 50% of height of refractory part. Lower protection layer is made at least of one sealed metallic vessel filled with refractory material including carbon-containing composition resistant against action of melt aluminum and electrolyte components and having heat conductivity factor no more than 0.1 Wt/(mK). In lower protection layer vessels are filled with carbon black; thickness of said layer consists 50 - 90% of height of refractory part. |
 Method of mounting side lining of cathode device for aluminum electrolyzer / 2270887Proposed method includes mounting the heat-insulating and refractory components of electrolyzer and applying protective material on base of covalent nitrides to surface of side lining. Used as protective material is boron nitride-based material which ensures reduction of after-start period, increases electrolyzer service life, enhances aluminum grade, increases yield by current and daily productivity of electrolyzer; protective material is applied flush with top in continuous layer. Lower boundary of coat is located below "electrolyte-metal" interface. Thickness of coat is maintained within 0.1-1 mm. Open surface porosity is maintained within 2-3%. Consistency of material of coat changes from fluid to viscous-flow state. Application of coat is performed by spraying, painting or concrete-spraying method. |
 Method of forming hearth for aluminum electrolyzer / 2270888Proposed method includes preliminary estimation of quality of hearth modules by proximate ultrasonic inspection, mounting of complete set of hearth modules and forming of hearth; electrolyzer is equipped with hearth modules at inhomogeneity index not exceeding 0.65 relative units according to ultrasonic inspection; inhomogeneity index is determined by the following formula Iinhom = (tmax/tmin-1), where Iinhom is inhomogeneity index according to ultrasonic inspection; tmax is maximum magnitude of index of ultrasonic inspection for definite electrolyzer; tmin is minimum magnitude of index of ultrasonic inspection for definite electrolyzer; hearth is formed in such way that adjacent modules with close indices of ultrasonic inspection are mounted in longitudinal and transversal directions; modules with minimum indices of ultrasonic inspection are mounted in center of hearth at smooth increase of this index toward end faces of electrolysis bath. |
 Method of mounting cathode section of aluminum electrolyzer / 2270889Current-supply metal rod is placed in slot of carbon block on layer of carbon-containing conducting material. Surface of carbon block slot is preliminarily coated with carbon-based surfactant and layer of carbon-containing conducting material is compacted by vibration applied on current-supply metal rod, thus ensuring reliable electromechanical "conducting rod-carbon block" contact and reducing probability of penetration of aluminum melt into hearth body. At application of vibration in local zone on side of flush area, maximum reduction of voltage drop is ensured in contact layer between rod and block slot. Maximum thickness of layer of carbon-containing conducting material before vibration is equal to optimal magnitude determined by definite formula. |
FIELD: metallurgy.
SUBSTANCE: on hearth surface placed are baffles and/or grates, and/or open-pore cellular structures wetted by aluminium made of material with lower electric conductivity compared with that of aluminium perpendicular and/or at 45°-90° to heart surface, perpendicular and/or at 45°-90° to lengthwise axis of cathode rods preventing partially or completely the flow of horizontal components of cathode currents in aluminium layer along the hearth. Electrolytic cell can operate with consumable or nonconsumable anodes, that is, "inert" anodes.
EFFECT: uniform current distribution, smaller electrode gap, lower power consumption, higher yield.
15 cl, 5 dwg
The invention relates to the non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the electrolytic production of aluminium, namely the construction of electrolysis to produce aluminium.
Known electrolyzer [1], containing cathode and anode of the device. Cathode device has a bath with coal furnace hearth made of coal-fired units with built-in current leads, enclosed in a metal casing. Between the metal casing and coal blocks placed refractory and heat insulating materials. Anode device contains carbon anodes, United with anode bus. Anodes placed at the top of the bath and immersed in molten electrolyte.
The lack of known structure of the cell is that of the developed technology are characterized by very high specific power consumption, W, is defined by the equation
,where V is the voltage across the room; n - the current output,
k - electrochemical equivalent [kg/kA·h].
Usually in technology to produce aluminium W=13-15 kWh/kg of metal. However, the power consumption is approximately in 2 times more, than theoretically predicted. There are two main reasons:
1. In voltage V the most part is resistive voltage drop in the electrolyte, measured by the interelectrode (interpolar) gap (EMF). Usually this distance is about 5 see
2. The current ETA is reduced with a sharp increase interoperability (the so-called "reverse the interaction") anodic products (carbon dioxide) and cathode products (dissolved aluminum) with an increase of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixing (circulation) of the metal and electrolyte (MHD circulation melt increases with a decrease in inventories, as a result of increase of forces of interaction the horizontal components of the current in the melt and magnetic fields).
Thus, one of the major disadvantages of the above-mentioned structures are relatively high ohmic resistance of mPas and high energy consumption.
Known electrolyzer for aluminium production [2] (figure 1)consisting of the anode electrical power supply, coal anode, coal cathode placed under the anode additional elements "mushrooms", made of titanium diboride, isolation, electrolyte liquid aluminum, Blums. Design serves to reduce inventories and, thereby, to reduce voltage V and specific energy consumption.
The disadvantages of this design of the cell are small thermo-mechanical and chemical resistance "mushrooms", made of titanium diboride, especially on the borders of the metal-electrolyte interface, the complexity attach the "mushrooms" to the furnace hearth and the impossibility of attaching the existing electrolysis cells, a small area of contact " mushroom" with the coal furnace hearth, and the relatively high cost and the impossibility of quick removal "mushrooms" from the interelectrode gap, if necessary, for example, lowering the anode to the cathode.
Known electrolysis for the production of aluminium adopted for the prototype [3]including cathode device containing a bath with coal furnace hearth made of coal-fired units with built cathode current leads, enclosed in a metal casing, with placed between metal casing and coal blocks refractory and heat insulating materials, anode device containing carbon anodes, United with anode bus, placed at the top of the bath and immersed in molten electrolyte, wherein the coal furnace hearth under each of anodes are tables with higher specific conductivity than the electrolyte, which is resistant to destruction in cryolithogenesis melts and liquid aluminium, with the upper surface of the tables is above the level of the cathode aluminum, and tables made with the possibility of displacement and/or replace if necessary.
The disadvantages design of the cell are: a relatively large amount of space in the EMF held tables, weight and cost of tables, complexity of movement and/or replacement of tables if necessary. If necessary, the use of weights, located inside tables, for example "cast-iron weights or fill this can reduce the reliability of the design by differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of materials, as well as the penetration of electrolyte through the pores of the Cabinet of the material of the weighting, leading to premature corrosion and pollution cathode metal. Difficult the possibility of automatic regulation of the vertical movement of the tables when you change the thickness of the layer cathode metal. Tables is not enough to reduce horizontal components cathode current and MHD stirring of the melt.
The objective of the invention is to reduce specific energy consumption by reducing the ohmic resistance and voltage drop in inventories increase current output due to reduced horizontal components of the cathode of an electric current in the melt, increase of hydrodynamic resistance to motion of the melt at the border of aluminium electrolyte, reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixing of melt and reverse reactions of metal anode gases, as well as convenience of the location of additional elements in mPas on the furnace hearth and the possibility of operational and automated handling and/or removal of the interelectrode gap (EMF) if necessary, for example, lowering the anode to the cathode, and reducing the cost of construction.
The technical result consists in creation of design of an aluminium electrolyzer, including cathode device containing bath with coal furnace hearth made of coal-fired units with built-in current leads, enclosed in a metal casing, placed between metallic casing and coal blocks refractory and heat insulating materials, anode device containing carbon anodes, United with anode bus, placed at the top of the bath and immersed in molten electrolyte, which, according to the proposed decision on the surface of the bottom and/or in the space between the anode and cathode, under each of anodes, hosted partitions and/or grating, and/or wetted with aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure, with anisotropic conductivity, more along the axis of the anode-cathode and less in the perpendicular direction, from a material less conductive than aluminum, perpendicular to and/or at an angle from ±45 deg up to + 90 degrees to the plane of the bottoms, perpendicular to and/or at an angle from ±45 degrees to ±90 to the longitudinal axis of the cathode rods, which reduces horizontal components of the cathode current along the bottom layer of the melt. Due to damping horizontal currents in the melt is reduced MHD circulation and may reduce inventories between the anode and cathode, i.e. to reduce specific energy consumption and/or increase the current output.
The invention complement private distinctive signs, also aimed at solving the tasks.
Partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure with a height of the same and/or different depending on their location on the furnace hearth and below and above the level of the metal, or on the boundary of metal-electrolyte determined using the corresponding optimality criterion of distribution of the electric potential and current, i.e. depending on the specific goals, such as reducing interpolar distances (MNR), reduction of power inputs and/or the increase of current output, etc.
Partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure made with the possibility of displacement and/or replacement if necessary.
Partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure glued to the cathode.
Wetted aluminum otkrytivaya cellular structure have anisotropic conductivity along the axis of the anode-cathode and less in the perpendicular direction.
Partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya honeycomb structure made of carbon units, in particular from waste in the form of a battle standard deck blocks, baked anodes and/or electrodes, silicon carbide and/or material type ANAPLAST.
Partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure coated or impregnated with a substance containing, for example, titanium diboride, providing wetting aluminum.
The external surface of walls and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytost cellular structure preprocessed/impregnated protective inhibitory substances that protect against oxidation.
Partitions and/or grill, before you place in space EMF, covered in vacuum package of aluminum foil and heated to a temperature as close as possible to the temperature electrolysis, but lower than the melting point of cathode metal. Then partition and/or the bars are placed in the space CST.
Under each anode set to 1 or more partitions and/or lattices, the distance between the partitions and/or bars inversely proportional to their number and size of pores wetted aluminum otkrytost cellular structures is inversely proportional to the number of holes per unit area of the cathode.
Partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure can be in different forms, such as a box, prism, cube, hexagonal, orthogonal, semi-spherical, cylindrical, etc. but symmetry and unification of partitions and/or grilles can be taken into account for optimal design and process of electrolysis for the criteria of a decreasing share of energy costs and/or increase current output.
The cell contains a carbon anode anode electrical power supply 1, coal furnace hearth (cathode) 2. The bottom surface of the coal anode immersed in the electrolyte 3. Inside the cell lined lining 4. The cell is equipped with a traditional device for supply of raw materials (alumina, torsoli), and diversion of anode gas 5, a device for the supply current 6 to the cathode 2. In interpolar gap (mPas) are partitions and/or grill, 7, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya patterns 8. The upper part of the partitions and/or lattice 7 can be in the electrolyte 3, and the lower part is in the cathode metal (liquid aluminium) 9.
Installation of aluminium electrolyzer is as follows.
Partitions and/or grill, 7, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure 8 may be coated or impregnated with a substance containing, for example, titanium diboride, providing wetting aluminum. Wetted aluminum otkrytivaya cellular structure 8 glued to the furnace hearth. Partitions and/or grill, 7, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure 8 before you place in the space of mPas can be optionally covered in vacuum package of aluminum foil with the aim of closing of surface pores, protection from oxidation in air, improve heat transfer and heated to a temperature as close as possible to the temperature electrolysis, but lower than the melting point of cathode metal. Then the partitions and/or lattice 7 place in the space of mPas.
For electrolyzers with burnt anodes installation and/or replacement partitions and/or lattice 7, if necessary, directly under burned anodes 1-time replacement of the respective anode block, disable, baths from the power supply is not required. For electrolytic cells with self-baking anodes Soderbergh installation of partitions and/or lattice 7 is also directly under the anode during the preliminary raising of anode 1, with bath can be disconnected from the power supply current. In both cases, in the places of installation of a partition and/or lattice 7 is clean coal bottoms 2 from the accumulated sediment.
To move the partition and/or the lattice 7 is captured on the edges of the mounting brackets 10, made of electroconductive material stable in the electrolyte and cathode metal and along the side surfaces of the anode and/or along the lower plane of the anode, with the ability to move partitions and/or lattice 7 vertically and/or partially in the horizontal plane, if necessary. Bracket 10 attached to floating draught 11, which may be made of conventional materials.
Thus there is an improvement following TEP electrolysis: the decrease in specific energy consumption, increase of the current output.
LITERATURE
1. Hoang, VDE Nora and Jaasaka the Materials used in the aluminum production by the method of Era-Hall. - Isdgrus. Gown-t, Krasnoyarsk, 1998.
2. J.R.Rayne: US Patent, 4.405.433, April 1981.
3. Patent №111540. - Electrolysis for the production of aluminum / Popov YU., Poles PV, Ostrovskii I.V. Priority from 30.06.2011.
1. Electrolysis for the production of aluminium, including cathode device containing a bath with coal furnace hearth made of coal-fired units with built cathode current leads, enclosed in a metal casing, placed between metal casing and coal blocks refractory and heat insulating materials, anode device containing carbon anodes, United with anode bus, placed at the top of the bath and immersed in molten electrolyte, wherein on the surface of the bottom and/or in the space between the anode and cathode under each anode hosted partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya honeycomb structure made of material, less conductive than aluminum, perpendicular and/or 45-degree angle -90 degrees to the plane of the hearth and perpendicular and/or 45-degree angle -90° to the longitudinal axis of the cathode rods.
2. The pot according to claim 1, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure are the same and/or different height depending on the coordinate their position on the furnace hearth and lower and/or higher level metal, and/or on the boundary of metal-electrolyte.
3. The pot according to claim 1, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure made with the possibility of displacement and/or replacement, if necessary.
4. The electrolyzer and according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure glued to the cathode.
5. The pot according to claim 1-4, wherein the wetted aluminum otkrytivaya cellular structure have anisotropic conductivity, more along the axis of the anode-cathode and less in the perpendicular direction.
6. The pot according to claim 1, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wetted aluminum otkrytivaya honeycomb structure made of carbon units, in particular from waste in the form of a battle standard deck blocks, baked anodes and/or electrodes, silicon carbide and/or material type ANAPLAST.
9. The pot according to claim 1, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure before placing in space interpolar gap (mPas) are covered in vacuum package of aluminum foil and fuel to temperature, the most close to the temperature electrolysis, but lower than the melting point of cathode metal, then partition and/or the bars are placed in the space interpolar gap (EMF).
10. The pot according to claim 1, wherein under each anode set to 1 or more partitions and/or arrays, and/or wet aluminium otkrytost cellular structure, the distance between the partitions and/or bars inversely proportional to their number and size of pores wetted aluminum otkrytost cellular structures is inversely proportional to the number of pores on unit area of the cathode.
11. The pot according to claim 1, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structures can be made with any form, for example in the form of a parallelepiped, prisms, Cuba or hexagonal, orthogonal, semi-spherical, cylindrical form.
12. The pot according to claim 1, characterized in that partition and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytiia cellular structure made with the possibility of grasping the edges of the mounting brackets made of electroconductive material stable in the electrolyte, and along the side surface of the anode and/or along the lower plane of the anode, and can travel in vertical and/or horizontal plane.
13. The pot according to claim 1, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure with anisotropic conductivity, more along the axis of the anode-cathode and less in the perpendicular direction, made mainly of alumina/alumina, such as high-alumina unshaped of concrete and/or boards, and/or granite-like.
14. The pot according to claim 1, wherein the partitions and/or grating, and/or wet aluminium otkrytivaya cellular structure located on additional layer otkrytost cellular structure.
15. The pot according to claim 1, wherein on the surface of the bottom along the longitudinal axis of the cell and/or along the projection perimeter of the anode to the cathode surface is made of one or more holes for drainage and evacuation of metal from the bath.