Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture. RU patent 2499085.
 Composites for wet cathodes and their use in aluminium production / 2487956Composite has composition defined by formula (C-N-B-MR)x(Al-MR)y(R)z, where MR is one or several carbides, nitrides or borides of one or more heat-resiatant metals of IV, V, VI groups, C-N-B-MR is one or several carbides, nitrides or borides of one or more heat-resistant metals of IV, V or VI groups, Al-MR is one or several aluminides of one or several aforesaid heat-resistant metals. Note here that if MR=Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr, Ti, V, then Al-MR=Al3MR; is MR-W, Cr, then Al-MR=Al4MR; if MR=Mo, then Al-MR=Al8Mo3 or Al17Mo4. Note here that the condition should be satisfied whereat if C-N-B-MR=TiB2, Al-MR is not Al3Ti; R is residual component other than carbon containing one or several phases from Al4C3, AlN, AlB2, Al1·67B22, MRtAlu(C-N-B)v, where t, u, v are numbers larger than or equl to zeto; x, y, z are volume fractions of appropriate components. Note here that x>y; x+y>0.5; x+y+z=1 and 0.01<y<0.5. |
 Cathode of electrolytic cell for production of aluminium and method of its repair / 2483142Proposed cathode comprises jacket and lining with base made of heat-insulation and refractory materials, side lining, bottom of hearth sections with cathode rods and cathode downleads. The latter are made from the stack of flexible aluminium tapes, contact plate and steel adapter to be welded as-assembled to cathode rod and plugged to cathode bus. Cathode downleads are assembled in installing the lining by welding them to cathode rods and bolting downlead contact plates to the bracket. After disassembly of side lining, cathode rods with their downleads are extracted from cathode jacket, cleaned and transferred to cutting bay. Cutting is performed along the line or in zone of joint between rod and downlead metal adapter. After skinning the metal adapter end, cathode downlead is transferred for reassembly. |
 Cathode device for aluminium electrolytic cell with embossed hearth / 2482224Cathode device of an aluminium electrolytic cell with an embossed hearth contains a lined cathode shell ad a hearth composed of higher bottom blocks with projections and lower bottom blocks. The lower bottom blocks are installed at the cathode device hearth butt ends. The lower bottom blocks alternate with higher bottom blocks with projections or are installed in the projection centre of the electrolytic cell anode array, with at least two higher bottom blocks with projections, alternating with lower bottom blocks, installed at the both ends of the electrolytic cell anode array. The bottom block projection height is equal to 0.1÷0.6 of that of the smaller bottom block. The top parts of higher bottom blocks have level edges. The bottom blocks projections are made of a refractory non-carbon material, resistant to hot melt effect. |
 Method of producing metal by molten-salt electrolysis / 2471892Method for electrolytic production of metal in an electrolysis cell, having a cathode, an anode and collectors of impurities dissolved in the electrolyte, involves passing cathodic current through the cathode to obtain metal at the cathode and deposit impurities on the collector. The collector, which is placed between the anode the cathode, is a bipolar porous collector electrode which is a cellular matrix which is inert to the metal deposited at the cathode and the electrolyte. The bipolar porous collector electrode is in form of an open porous structure having internal pores or capillaries, or channels, or cavities, which are particularly V-shaped and/or W-shaped and/or S-shaped and are filled with the metal which is deposited at the cathode. The method employs a bipolar porous collector electrode, wherein the internal pores or capillaries, or channels or cavities are wettable by metal, and have dimensions, particularly diameter and length, which are sufficient for them to hold the metal and prevent spontaneous flow of metal from them due to surface tension forces of the metal. |
 Cathode device of aluminium electrolyser / 2458185Cathode device of aluminium electrolyser includes housing, bottom blocks with cathode rods, refractory casing under bottom blocks, side refractory, insert blocks from carbide-silicon material mounted close to side refractory. From above the side refractory is equipped with flange sheet mounted horizontally, between the upper surface of insert carbide-silicon block and flange sheet there is combined fire-resisting insert that is equipped with filling material and fire-resisting dielectric elements, the height of the insert is equal to 0.10-0.20 of insert block height. |
 Doped sintered article based on zircon and zirconium dioxide / 2456254Invention relates to sintered articles made from zircon and zirconium dioxide for use in a glass-melting furnace, particularly in articles used as supporting blocks for electrodes, or in an electrolysis cell in contact with molten cryolite. The initial load for producing the articles contains 5-50% zircon and has the average chemical composition given below, in wt % based on oxides with sum total of 100%: silicon dioxide SiO2 and zirconium dioxide, where content of zirconium dioxide ZrO2 is at least 75%, 0.2-6% dopant selected from Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and mixtures thereof, possibly a stabiliser selected from Y2O3, MgO, CaO, CeO2 and mixtures thereof in amount of 6% or less, 'other oxides' in amount of 6.7% or less. Components are formed from the initial charge and then sintered to obtain articles. |
 Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture / 2454490Electrolysis unit consists of the following: cathode device including pit with carbon bottom, the pit is formed by carbon blocks enclosed in metallic casing with flame proof and heat-insulating materials arranged between metallic casing and carbon blocks; anode device including carbon anodes connected to anode bus, the anodes are arranged in upper part of bath and absorbed in fused electrolyte; and point feeding system (PFS) including punch pin for electrolytic crust and alumina feeder. On carbon bottom under each PFS feeder there are units installed resistant to destruction in cryolite-alumina melt and molten aluminium. Upper base of unit is located at level and above level of molten aluminium not exceeding 2 cm. Units may be made from carbon or from silicon carbide, or from mixture of titanium diboride and aluminium oxide on high-temperature connection. Inserts from heavy material, such as cast iron, may be mounted inside units. Relation of squares of upper and lower bases of units changes from 1:1 to 1:2. Square value of upper basis of unit is chosen considering quantity of alumina loaded by dosemeter - from 30 to 80% - falling on it. Units may be covered by titanium diboride. Upper basis of units may be flat or convex, or inbent. |
 Electrolysis unit bottom for obtaining aluminium / 2449060Invention refers to metallurgy, and namely to devices used during aluminium manufacture with electrolytic method. Electrolysis unit bottom for obtaining of aluminium includes bottom units with slots, current-carrying bars, inter-unit connection in the form of refractory elements from silicone carbide, which are connected by means of inter-unit pulley from bottom mass and having the length equal to length of bottom unit, and the height equal to 0.35-1 of height of inter-unit joint. |
 Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture / 2449059Invention refers to design of electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture. Electrolysis unit includes cathode device - bath lined with carbon blocks, molten aluminium layer arranged at carbon bottom and serving as cathode, which is connected to cathode bus, and pre-baked carbon anodes connected to anode bus, which are arranged in upper part of bath and submerged into molten electrolyte. Inside electrolysis unit bath there located are bipolar electrodes parallel to its longitudinal axis, between carbon bottom and baked anodes, under each of baked anodes. Electrodes are located at distance of 1-3 cm from surface of molten aluminium providing free removal of gas bubbles and minimum excitation of molten electrolyte surface and are made from low consumable materials in molten layers. Electrodes are arranged on skids from refractory electrically non-conducting material, for example silicone carbide, which are fixed at bath bottom. Active cathode surface of bipolar electrode faces lower surface of baked carbon anode. Active anodic surface of bipolar electrode faces surface of molten aluminium. Surface area of bipolar electrode is not less than surface area of lower surface of baked carbon anode. |
 Electrolyser for aluminium production provided with voltage drop decreasing means / 2449058Invention relates to electrolyser for production of aluminium. Proposed electrolyser comprises, at least, one current conducting rod made from first metal and, at least, one additional rod made from second metal with higher specific conductance compared with first metal and arranged nearby one of side surfaces of current conducting rod so that outer end of additional rod is located at preset distance from preset face surface of the unit. Second end terminates, preferably, to limit heat losses from said electrolyser. |
 Graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum / 2245395The invention presents a graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum and is dealt with the field of metallurgy, in particular, with the graphitic cathodes used in production of aluminum by an electrolysis. The graphitic cathode for electrolysis of the aluminum is produced by graphitization of the cathodic block from a carbonaceous material. At that the cathode is made as the entire block with different specific electrical resistance along its longitudinal axis. At that the specific electrical resistance in the end areas of the cathode is more, than in its central area. The technical result - increased service life of the graphitic cathode at the expense of increased erosion resistance in the end areas of the cathode. |
 Impregnated graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum / 2245396The invention presents an impregnated graphitic cathode for production of aluminum by electrolysis and is pertinent to the field of metallurgy, in particular, to production of the graphitic cathodes used in production of aluminum by electrolysis. The invention offers an impregnated graphitic cathode for electrolysis of aluminum and a method of its production. The cathode contains in its pores an impregnating product heat-treated. At that in the capacity of the impregnating product the cathode contains a carboniferous product heat treated under the temperature of no less than 1600°С to provide resistance to erosion at the expense of protection by the formed graphitized binding substance. The method includes production of the graphitic cathode, its impregnation by dipping into the impregnating product in vacuum and a thermal treatment. At that the graphitic cathode is produced from coke, with graphite or without it, and also from a pitch, and before impregnation it is exposed to calcination at the temperature exceeding 2400 °С. The impregnation is realized by a carboniferous product at the temperature of its viscous state and the thermal treatment of the impregnated cathode is conducted at the temperature of less than 1600 °С, but sufficient for hardening and-or sintering of the impregnating product and formation of the non-graphitized coal layer for protection of graphitizing binding substance against erosion. The technical result is an increase of service life of the graphitic cathode. |
 Cathodic device of aluminum electrolyzer / 2245397The invention I pertinent to nonferrous metallurgy and may be used in a design of electrolyzers for production of aluminum by electrolysis of fused salts. The technical result of the invention is hardening of a hearth, a decrease of thickness of a metal layer on the hearth and an interpolar space, a decrease of speeds of circulatory flows of cathodic metal, a decrease of losses of current. The cathodic device contains a lined cathodic housing and a hearth made out of from carbonaceous blocks with channels of a rectangular cross section. On the surface of the hearth there is a wetted with aluminum cover and the channels have the length equal to the width of the stack of the cathodic device, and with a width equal 1,1-2,2 well of the carbonaceous block, depth, equal to 0.2-0.4 of height of the carbonaceous block and thy are formed by the lateral longitudinal surfaces of the carbonaceous blocks and the carbonaceous blocks of the lateral cathodic lining. The electro-conductive cover wetted with aluminum is made out of titanium diboride. |
 Aluminum cell / 2256009Cathode casing of aluminum cell includes lengthwise walls with windows for outlet of cathode rods, end walls, bottom and ring frames rigidly joined with walls and bottom. In order to lower labor consumption, simplify mounting and dismounting operations. Ring frames adjacent at least to one of lengthwise walls (except boundary ring frames) from their upper part till inner edge in range of height of windows for outlet of cathode rods are freely adjoined to said lengthwise wall. According to other variant of invention at least one lengthwise wall is detachable. Parting places of said wall are arranged between boundary ring frames in range of height of windows for outlet of cathode rods. In parting places members providing rigid joint of detachable wall with fixed portion of casing wall are mounted. |
 Method of forming protective coating for carbon containing components of electrolysis cell / 2257425Method comprises steps of preparing liquid suspension of refractory material dispersed in solution of lignosulfonate binder; applying suspension as coating on surface of carbon containing component; drying coating. |
 Side lining of aluminum electrolyzer / 2263162Proposed side lining includes interconnected members - plates and blocks made from non-metallic refractory compounds possessing high resistance and interconnected by means of end faces in form of inversed symmetrical projections and recesses and adhesive or cementing mix. Plates and blocks are made from silicon carbide. Angular blocks are made in form of strip, 70 mm thick and 600-800 mm long which is bent at center around longitudinal axis at angle of 90° relative to vertical whose end faces are inclined at angle of 18° relative to vertical and are narrowing downward by 219 mm each. End faces are made in form of inversed symmetrical projections and recesses at radius of 14-15 mm which are parallel to vertical axis of walls of aluminum electrolyzer. |
 Cathode facing to aluminum cell / 2266983Cathode facing includes carbon blocks, heat insulation layer and refractory part having two protection layers, upper layer adjoining to carbon blocks and lower layer made of powder materials. Upper protection layer includes alumosilicate composition resistant against action of electrolyte components containing 27 -35% of Al2 O3 with fraction size no more than 2.5 mm and with thickness consisting 10 - 50% of height of refractory part. Lower protection layer is made at least of one sealed metallic vessel filled with refractory material including carbon-containing composition resistant against action of melt aluminum and electrolyte components and having heat conductivity factor no more than 0.1 Wt/(mK). In lower protection layer vessels are filled with carbon black; thickness of said layer consists 50 - 90% of height of refractory part. |
 Method of mounting side lining of cathode device for aluminum electrolyzer / 2270887Proposed method includes mounting the heat-insulating and refractory components of electrolyzer and applying protective material on base of covalent nitrides to surface of side lining. Used as protective material is boron nitride-based material which ensures reduction of after-start period, increases electrolyzer service life, enhances aluminum grade, increases yield by current and daily productivity of electrolyzer; protective material is applied flush with top in continuous layer. Lower boundary of coat is located below "electrolyte-metal" interface. Thickness of coat is maintained within 0.1-1 mm. Open surface porosity is maintained within 2-3%. Consistency of material of coat changes from fluid to viscous-flow state. Application of coat is performed by spraying, painting or concrete-spraying method. |
 Method of forming hearth for aluminum electrolyzer / 2270888Proposed method includes preliminary estimation of quality of hearth modules by proximate ultrasonic inspection, mounting of complete set of hearth modules and forming of hearth; electrolyzer is equipped with hearth modules at inhomogeneity index not exceeding 0.65 relative units according to ultrasonic inspection; inhomogeneity index is determined by the following formula Iinhom = (tmax/tmin-1), where Iinhom is inhomogeneity index according to ultrasonic inspection; tmax is maximum magnitude of index of ultrasonic inspection for definite electrolyzer; tmin is minimum magnitude of index of ultrasonic inspection for definite electrolyzer; hearth is formed in such way that adjacent modules with close indices of ultrasonic inspection are mounted in longitudinal and transversal directions; modules with minimum indices of ultrasonic inspection are mounted in center of hearth at smooth increase of this index toward end faces of electrolysis bath. |
 Method of mounting cathode section of aluminum electrolyzer / 2270889Current-supply metal rod is placed in slot of carbon block on layer of carbon-containing conducting material. Surface of carbon block slot is preliminarily coated with carbon-based surfactant and layer of carbon-containing conducting material is compacted by vibration applied on current-supply metal rod, thus ensuring reliable electromechanical "conducting rod-carbon block" contact and reducing probability of penetration of aluminum melt into hearth body. At application of vibration in local zone on side of flush area, maximum reduction of voltage drop is ensured in contact layer between rod and block slot. Maximum thickness of layer of carbon-containing conducting material before vibration is equal to optimal magnitude determined by definite formula. |
FIELD: metallurgy.
SUBSTANCE: electrolysis unit includes a cathode device containing a bath provided with a coal bottom and composed of coal blocks enclosed in a metal housing, with refractory and heat-insulating materials arranged between the metal housing, an anode assembly containing coal anodes connected to anode sludge, arranged in upper part of the bath and submerged into molten electrolyte; at the coal bottom, under each of the anodes there located are floats with higher specific electric conductivity in comparison to that of electrolyte, stable to destruction in cryolite-alumina melts and liquid aluminium; with that, upper surface of the float projects above the level of cathode aluminium and the floats can be moved and/or replaced to reduce inter-pole gap between anode and cathode. The floats are made from carbon, or from silicon carbide, or from a mixture of titanium diboride and carbon based on high-temperature binding substance and are covered with titanium diboride. Upper surface of the float is flat, or convex, or concave, or inclined to horizon and has capillaries and/or channels, and/or planes attaching the upper surface of a pedestal to cathode metal.
EFFECT: reduction of specific power consumption.
15 cl, 4 dwg
The invention relates to the non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular, to the obtaining copper electrolytic aluminum, namely, to the pot design for aluminium production.
Known electrolyzer [1], containing cathode device and anode device. Cathode device has a bath with coal furnace hearth, lined with coal-fired units with built-current leads, enclosed in a metal casing. Between a metal casing and coal blocks placed refractory and heat insulating materials. Anodic device contains carbon anodes, connected with the anode the bus. Anodes placed in the upper part of the tub and immersed into the molten electrolyte.
The disadvantage of known structure of the cell is that the developed technology are characterized by very high specific power consumption, W, defined by the equation
W = v k η, where V is the voltage on the tub; η output current,
k - electrochemical equivalent [kg/kA*h].
Usually in technologies for the production of aluminium W=13-15 kWh/kg of metal. However, the power consumption is approximately 2 times greater than the predicted theoretically. This is for two reasons:
1. In voltage V large part is occupied by ohmic voltage drop in the electrolyte is determined by the size of the interelectrode () gap (mPas). Usually this distance is about 5 see
2. The current output η decreases with a sharp increase interaction (so-called «reverse interaction») anode products (carbon dioxide) and cathode products (dissolved aluminum) with an increase of hydrodynamic mixing (circulation) of the electrolyte and/or metal.
Thus, one of the major drawbacks of the above structures are relatively high ohmic resistance of inventories and high energy consumption.
Known electrolyzer for aluminium production ([2], 1), consisting of anode current lead, coal anode, coal cathode located below the anode additional elements «mushrooms» made of titanium diboride, isolation, electrolyte liquid aluminium, .
The disadvantage of known structure of the cell is the lack of thermo-mechanical and chemical resistance «mushroom» is made of titanium diboride, especially on the borders of the metal-electrolyte; difficulty attaching mushroom-to and the impossibility of such an attachment in existing electrolytic cells, the small area of contact «mushroom» with the coal furnace hearth and the relatively high cost and the operative removal of the «mushrooms» from the interelectrode gap, if necessary, for example, lowering the anode to the cathode.
Known electrolysis for the production of aluminum adopted for the prototype ([3], figure 2), including cathode device comprising a bath with a coal furnace hearth, lined with coal-fired units with built-cathode current leads, enclosed in a metal casing, with placed between metallic casing and coal blocks of refractory and heat-insulating materials, the anode device containing carbon anodes, connected with the anode the bus, placed in the top baths and immersed into the molten electrolyte, characterized in that in a coal under each of the anodes are pedestals with higher specific conductivity than the electrolyte, resistant to degradation in the melts and liquid aluminum, and the upper surface of the cabinets stands above the level of the cathode aluminium, and the cabinets are made with the possibility of displacement and/or replacement if necessary.
Disadvantages of known structure of the cell are the relatively large amount of space in inventories current tables, weight and cost of CABINETS, complexity of movement and/or replacing the CABINETS if necessary. If you want to use weights located inside the pedestal, such as pig-iron «weight» or fill, it may reduce the reliability of the construction due to the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials, as well as the infiltration of electrolyte through the pores of the Cabinets to the material weight, leading to premature corrosion and contamination of the cathode metal. Practically difficult possibility of automatic regulation of the vertical movement of Cabinets when you change the thickness of the layer of cathode metal.
The task of the invention is to reduce specific energy consumption by reducing ohmic resistance and voltage drop in inventories increase current efficiency due to the increase of hydrodynamic resistance to motion of the melt at the border of aluminium electrolyte and, hence, reduction of a mixing of the melt and reverse reactions of metal anode gases, as well as convenience of the location of additional elements in inventories on and opportunities for operational and automated handling and/or removal of the interelectrode gap (mPas) if necessary, for example, lowering the anode to the cathode, and reducing the cost of construction.
The technical result of the utility model consists in creation of design of aluminium pot, including a cathode device comprising a bath with a coal furnace hearth, lined with coal-fired units with built-current leads, enclosed in a metal casing, with placed between metallic casing and coal blocks of refractory and heat-insulating materials, the anode device containing carbon anodes, connected with the anode the bus, placed in the top baths and immersed into the molten electrolyte, which, according to the proposed decision, on the boundary surfaces of cathode metal-electrolyte under each of the anodes are floats with higher specific conductivity than the electrolyte, resistant to degradation in the melts and liquid aluminum, moreover, the upper surface float stands above the level of the cathode aluminium and floats implemented with the possibility to move and/or replacement if necessary.
Utility model complement private distinctive signs, also aimed at solving this problem:
Floats can be made of carbon blocks, in particular of waste in the form of a battle standard deck blocks, baked anodes and/or electrodes, floating on the border of cathode metal/electrolyte due to a difference of densities of materials.
Floats to place in the space of inventories, covered in vacuum packaging foil cathode metal and heated to a temperature as close as possible to the temperature electrolysis, but less than the melting temperature cathode metal. Then float is placed in a space of inventories.
Floats can be made of silicon carbide and/or material type ANAPLAST and is covered or saturated by a conductive material.
Floats can be made from a mixture of titanium diboride and carbon at high temperature mapping.
Floats can be covered with a substance, providing wetting aluminium, for example, titanium.
External surface float preprocessed/impregnated protective substances.
Under each anode can be set from 1 to 240 floats.
The ratio of the sum of squares of the upper surface floats and square anode varies from 10% to 120%.
The upper surface of the hull is made of a flat or convex, or concave, or inclined to the horizon.
Floats can be of any shape, for example, prism, prism, cube, hexagonal, orthogonal, spherical, ellipsoidal, hemispherical, cylindrical, etc, but symmetry and unification of floats can be accounted for optimality design and process of electrolysis.
The upper part of the hull is made of a porous, including cellular matrix inert in relation to allocate metal and electrolyte made in the form of an open porous structure with the formation of internal pores, capillaries, channels, cavities, filled with metal-ended, which is released at the cathode. The «hiding» metal deep into the cavity, channel, pores, capillary reduce the reverse reaction of interaction of metal with the anode gases, speed of reaction depends on the delivery of an oxidizer gas) moving in the interelectrode space: metal, located in a capillary will be less oxidized.
Internal pores, capillaries, channels, cavity made metal, pores and capillaries, channels, cavities made of such size, in particular in diameter and length that the pores, capillaries, channels, cavity connected with the basic volume of cathode metal.
The volume occupied by the metal in the pores and capillaries, channels, cavities makes from 5% up to 99.0% from volume of the float.
The float is captured by the edges of the mounting brackets made of resistant material in the electrolyte and located along the lateral surfaces of the anode and/or along the lower plane of the anode, with the possibility of automated handling float vertically and/or horizontally if necessary.
Between anodes partitions are made of resistant material in the electrolyte and cathode, movable partitions vertically along the lateral surfaces of the anode to the bottom of the cathode metal and/or partially horizontally along the bottom of the plane of the anode, when necessary. Partition hamper like a stream of the horizontal components of current and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows cathode metal and electrolyte may be exhaustive and with holes for optimum damping of MHD flows cathode metal and electrolyte.
The partitions are made primarily of aluminum oxide/alumina, such as high-alumina concrete and/or boards, and/or ceramic concrete. The synergistically to solve the following tasks: 1) the damping of the horizontal components of electric currents; 2) damping of MHD flows cathode metal and electrolyte; 3) periodic food baths alumina.
The essence of the invention is illustrated sketches (Figure 3, Figure 4).
The cell contains a carbon anode anode 1, coal (cathode) 2. The lower surface of the coal anode immersed in the electrolyte 3. Inside the cell is lined lining 4. The cell is equipped with a traditional device for supplying raw materials (clay, etc) and flue gases 5, device for the supply current 6 to the cathode 2. In gap (mPas) on the boundary surfaces of cathode metal-electrolyte are floats 7, protected from the effects of aluminium and electrolyte. The upper surface of the float 7 is in the electrolyte 3, and the bottom surface is the cathode (liquid aluminum) 8.
Installation of aluminum cell is as follows.
Floats 7 to place in the space of inventories, can be covered in vacuum packaging foil cathode metal with the aim of closing down the surface pores, float protection from oxidation in air, improve heat transfer and appreciate by up to a temperature as close as possible to the temperature electrolysis, but less than the melting temperature cathode metal. Then float is placed in a space of inventories.
For electrolyzers with the burnt anodes installation floats 7 is directly under the burnt anodes 1 during the replacement of the relevant anode block, shut-baths from the power supply is not required. For electrolytic Soderberg pots Soderbergh installation floats are also directly under the anode in the preliminary raising of the anode, when this bath can be disconnected from the power supply current. In both cases, the installation place of floats is cleaning the coal hearth 2 from the accumulated sediment.
Floats 7 can be covered titanium, which leads to improvement of wetting the surface floats molten metal and education on the upper basis float film of aluminum, which flows down to the . External the surface of a float of 7 pre-treated or impregnated protective substances, with the aim of reducing the rate of dissolution and/or oxidation in the electrolyte for extended life.
Float 7 is captured by the edges of the mounting brackets 9, made of resistant material in the electrolyte and cathode and located along the lateral surfaces of the anode and/or along the lower plane of the anode, with the possibility of automated handling float 7 vertically, and/or partially in the horizontal plane, if necessary. Bracket 9 attached to floating draught 10, which can be made of conventional materials.
Between anodes 1 partitions are 11 made of resistant material in the electrolyte and cathode movable partitions 11 vertically along the lateral surfaces of the anode 1 to the bottom of the cathode metal 8 and/or partially horizontally along the bottom of the plane anode 1, if necessary. Partition 11 hamper like a stream of the horizontal components of current and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows cathode metal 8 and electrolyte 3.
When this occurs, the improvement of the following TEP aluminium electrolysis: the reduction of the specific energy consumption, increase of the output current, reducing the operating voltage and the increase of the performance of the cell.
LITERATURE
1. H. Chang, V. Nora and .. «Materials used in the production of aluminum method Era-Hall». - .. state University, Krasnoyarsk, 1998.
2. J.R. Rayne: US Patent, 4.405.433, April 1981.
3. Patent №111540.- Electrolysis for the production of aluminum/Popov YU.N., Poles P.V., Ostrovskii I.V. Priority of 30.06.2011.
1. Electrolyzer for aluminium production, including cathode device comprising a bath with a coal furnace hearth, lined with coal-fired units with built-cathode current leads, enclosed in a metal casing, with placed between metallic casing and coal blocks of refractory and heat-insulating materials, the anode device containing carbon anodes, connected with the anode the bus, placed in the top baths and immersed into the molten electrolyte, characterized in that in a coal under each of the anodes are floats with higher specific conductivity than the electrical conductivity of electrolyte resistant to degradation in the melts and liquid aluminum, the upper surface floats stands above the level of the cathode aluminium and floats implemented with the possibility to move and/or replacement.
2. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that floats are made of carbon blocks, in particular of waste in the form of a battle standard deck blocks, baked anodes and/or electrodes placed on the border of cathode metal/electrolyte due to the difference in their density.
3. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the float is made of silicon carbide and coated or impregnated with conductive material.
4. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the float is made of a mixture of titanium diboride and carbon at high temperature mapping.
5. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the float is covered by a substance, providing wetting aluminium, for example titanium.
10. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the float is made of a flat or convex, or concave, or inclined to the horizon.
11. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the float is made of a porous, including cellular matrix, inert in relation to allocate metal and electrolyte made in the form of an open porous structure with the formation of internal pores, capillaries, channels, cavities, filled with metal, with the same composition as metal, which is released at the cathode.
12. Electrolyzer according to claim 11, wherein the internal pores, capillaries, channels, cavity made with the possibility of wetting metal and sizes, in particular in diameter and length, which are connected with the basic volume of cathode metal.
13. Electrolyzer according to claim 11, wherein the volume occupied by the metal in the pores and capillaries, the canals, the cavities of the matrix is between 5% and 99.0% of the volume of the float.
14. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with mounting brackets made of material stable in the electrolyte and cathode, and located along the lateral surfaces move float vertically and/or horizontally.
15. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, wherein between anodes partitions are made of material stable in the electrolyte and cathode, such as silicon carbide, and along the side surfaces of the anode and/or partially along the lower plane of the anode, movable partitions vertically and/or horizontally.
16. Electrolyzer on item 15, wherein the partitions are made from aluminium oxide, for example high-alumina concrete and/or boards, and/or ceramic concrete.