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Agent for ignition and method of its production Invention relates to an agent for ignition, comprising a plurality of spiral twisted fibres of combustible material coated with agent improving combustion, applied by spraying method, at that the means for ignition comprises an inner part and an outer part, and the outer part density ranges from 0.03 to 0.13 kg/m3, and the inner part density is from about 0.15 to 0.5 g/cm3, at that the fuel material is wood, a the agent improving combustion is wax. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the agent for ignition, according to which the initial twisting of fibres of combustible material is carried out to obtain a rope, the agent improving combustion is applied to the rope by spraying method, the final twisting of the rope is carried out to the desired density, and the rope is divided into pieces of suitable length. |
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Production of pellets or briquettes Invention relates to making the granules or briquettes from lignine-bearing material. Proposed process includes the steps that follow. Said lignine-bearing material with moisture content under 30 wt % is fed into reactor. Said material is heated to 180-235°C by steam injection into reactor for 1-12 minutes. Pressure is dropped to form processed material to granules or briquettes. Invention relates also to lignine-bearing granule or briquette used as fuel source and produced as indicated above. Besides, it relates to production of granules or briquettes from biomass. This process includes the steps that follow. Material with moisture content under 30 wt % is fed into reactor, said material is heated to 180-235°C by steam injection into reactor for at least 1 minute, pressure is dropped to form processed material to granules or briquettes. |
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Method to briquette biowaste of animals and birds and device for its realisation Invention relates to a device for briquetting of biowaste of animals and birds, comprising a loading hopper, a conical auger installed in the hollow body, a scraper conveyor arranged in the lower part of the body, a spring-loaded plate in the form of a ski is installed at the side of the conical auger top at the outlet from the body. It additionally comprises a mixer made of a body, nozzles for input of a filler and an aggregate, besides, along the vertical axis of the mixer body there is a rotor with blades arranged at the angle to each other, the lower part of the mixer via the gate and the pipeline is connected to the lower part of the device for mixing of the material with the binder made of a body and a nozzle of binder injection, inside the body on its opposite sides there are two augers in the form of a spiral with the opposite winding rotating with the help of electric motors, at the outer side of the device body for mixing along its perimeter there is a coil with a coolant. Blades installed on the rotor of the mixer have the shape of a rectangular triangle. Application of the proposed device makes it possible to use biowaste of animals (manure, dung), and also to use local resource in the form of easily available and environment-safe materials. |
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Briquette based on pressed lignocellulose body saturated with liquid fuel Briquette consists of a pressed lignocellulose body, containing: (a) 60-90 wt % cuttings of grass stalks and (b) 10-40 wt % scutched lignocellulose binder with degree of scutching of 38-75°RS (Shopper-Rigler degrees), preferably 45 70°RS, (said percentages being expressed in dry weight relative the dry weight of the sum of (a) and (b)) and from fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having a flash point of 30-150°C, which saturates the pressed lignocellulose body, wherein said briquette has a substantially cylindrical shape and has a central smoke conduit with a star-shaped cross-section. The method of making the briquettes comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an aqueous suspension of lignocellulose binder (b) with cuttings of grass stalks (a) in such proportions that the ratio (per dry weight) of the lignocellulose binder (b) to the cuttings of the grass stalks (a) ranges from 10/90 to 40/60; (2) moulding the mixture obtained in a suitable unit of the mould (encircling part)-anti-mould (encircled part) type at temperature of 40-120°C at pressure of 3-12 bar, applied for 5-120 s; (3) removing the obtained pressed body from the press mould; and (4) saturating the pressed body removed from the press mould with fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having flash point of 30-150°C. |
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Method, appliance and application for making fuel from moist biomass Invention relates to production of fuel from compacted biomass whereat moist biomass is dried prior to compaction. Before drying, biomass is mechanically dewatered for decrease in moisture content and ground before mechanical dewatering. Note that biomass is ground to puree state, rubbed to obtain fiber and subjected to fine grinding to destruct cellular structures to biomass consistency varying from paste to fluid. Invention relates also to appliance for producing fuel from compacted biomass. Fine grinding allows better removal of water either mechanically or at preliminary dewatering. |
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Fuel, method and apparatus for producing heat energy from biomass Described is fuel, which is a mixture, one component of which consists of partially dehydrated spent grains from production of bioethanol and the other component consists of ground materials, where the ratio of the weight of sodium and the weight of potassium in ash residues to the weight of other incombustible components is less than 1:5.85 and/or that ratio varies based on achieving a melting point of ash of said mixture higher than 760°C. Also described is a method of producing fuel, a method of producing heat energy from fuel and an apparatus for carrying out said method. |
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Method for processing dewatered sludge of waste water treatment plants to fuel briquettes shaped as cylinders includes dosing and mixing of solid components and sludge produced by waste water treatment plants in mixer, formation of mixture and subsequent drying of briquette-shaped fuel; it is distinguished by delivery of prepared and mixed in mixer mass to special-purpose rotary-pulsing apparatus where mixture under pressure of 15-20 MPa is subjected to mechanical activation, homogenisation and restructuring; then it is hold within 2-3 hours, thereafter it is enriched by oil sludge and fed to moulding extruder; at that sludge of waste water treatment plants with water content of 55-25 % by weight is used; briquettes are dried at 70÷80°C during 30÷50 minutes or at room temperature during 2÷3 days till it reaches humidity of 17÷22%; at that shaped fuel contains the following components, by wt %: - fine solid components containing wooden and raw plant material, peat, coal slack - 40-70%, oil sludge - 5-6%, sludge of waste water treatment plants - remaining part. |
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Method of fuel pellets production Invention is related to production of fuel pellets including mixing of filler that contains wood processing waste, combustible component in the form of oil waste and binding agent where fat and oil waste from food industry are also used as combustible component and such combustible component serves simultaneously as binding agent; powdered thickener from combustible material is added to the mixture, at that at first mixing of thickener and binding agent is made in ratio of 0.2-1.0:1 during 1.5-2 minutes in order to thicken the latter, thereafter filler is introduced step-by-step into the thickened mixture and filler takes ratio of 0.5-1.0:1 to the binding agent, then mixture is stirred during 35-40 minutes till pellets of stable shape appear; then thickener is added again in quality of 10-20% of its initial weight in order to prevent sticking of pellets and the mixture is stirred for another 2-4 minutes till finished product of round pellets is received. Received fuel pellets are used for household and municipal boilers for firing up purpose. |
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Method of making fuel briquettes Method of making fuel briquettes involves grinding combustible solid components, mixing with binder, pressing and drying the briquettes. The method is characterised by that the combustible solid components used are recycled ballistit-type gun powder or non-recoverable wastes from powder production, ground on a modernised disk mill to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and activated charcoal screenings, ground on a double-roll crusher to particle size of less than 4.0 mm, and mixed in 8.0-10.0% aqueous solution of polyacrylamide binder or a sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in a continuous or periodic action mixing device with horizontal mixers, followed by pressing into fuel briquettes on a shaft pelleting press; the formed briquettes are dried with air on a three-section belt drier at temperature 100…105°C for 3 hours, cooled and then dry-cured for three days. |
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Procedure and device for production of solid hydrocarbon fuel Invention is related to procedure and method for production of solid hydrocarbon fuel. For this purpose the procedure of solid hydrocarbon fuel production involves the following: saturation of hydrocarbon raw material with water; dispersion of the raw material saturated with water up to ultrafine condition in result of volumetric cavitation under ultrasound; dispersed raw material is extruded through magnetoacoustic coagulator made as a thin-wall metal tube; formation of ring eddy currents in metal of the magnetoacoustic coagulator which are directed around it longitudinal axis and have frequency approximately equal to the frequency of free radial mechanical oscillation of the magnetoacoustic coagulator; output from the magnetoacoustic coagulator of solid hydrocarbon fuel obtained in result of ultrafine mixture coagulation under influence of magnetoacoustic resonance processes in magnetoacoustic resonator. |
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Method of making fuel briquettes from biomass Invention relates to a method of making fuel briquettes from biomass, involving heat treatment of biomass at temperature of 200-500°C without access to air, preparing binding substance obtained by dissolving dextrin in a pyrolysis condensate in ratio of 1:(5-20), mixing the binder with a carbon residue ground to particle size of 2 mm, moulding a fuel briquette from the obtained mixture and drying said briquette at room temperature for 2-5 days. The obtained briquettes have low combustion heat, improved mechanical strength and resistance to compression. |
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Method of producing granules from large pieces of renewable fibrous raw material Described is a method according to which raw material is ground, dried and then processed into granules in a matrix moulder, where the material which is first coarsely ground in corresponding cases in milling machines, is ground before drying in a first matrix moulder. |
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Invention relates to recycling wood-plant wastes and peat and can be used in producing ecologically clean biofuels in form of active briquettes and granules (pellets) for industrial and domestic needs. The solid biofuel based on wood-plant components and/or peat additionally contains a combustion catalyst, with the following ratio of components, wt %: combustion catalyst 0.001-10; crushed wood-plant component and/or peat 100. The wood-plant components used are wood shavings, wood chips, bark, straw, chaff, seed husks, mill cake, stalks and leaves, waste paper, and the combustion catalyst is in form of inorganic derivatives of group I-II and VI-VIII metals. |
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Described is solid fuel which is formed from a mixture of 1-25 mm wood chips, 1-25 mm pieces of paper and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the mixture contains 85-95 pts.wt wood chips and pieces of paper and 5-15 pts.wt thermoplastic resin, and the weight ratio of the wood chip to the pieces of paper is equal to 20:80-90:10. |
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Highly inflammable fuel briquette Briquettes are designed for fireplaces, different domestic stoves, for cooking, heating of residential and domestic premises, to heat railway cars, temporary cabins, etc. A highly inflammable fuel briquette contains the main layer, including a coal-containing component and a binder, and an igniting layer containing nitrate and a binder. The coal-containing component is represented by coal slacks in amount of 30-60%, the binder is paper wastes in amount of 40-70%, and the igniting layer contains potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate in amount of at least 80 wt % of the igniting layer. At the same time the briquette is made with a hole, the area of the cross section of which makes from 25 to 40% from the area of the briquette cross section. Availability of both a flammable component (paper wastes) and an oxidant (potassium or sodium nitrate) in the igniting layer makes it possible for it to easily ignite from low-energy sources of heat (for instance, matches). Availability of a central hole increases completeness of fuel briquette burning and reduces emissions of hazardous substances into atmosphere. |
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Mixed fuel includes lignin and hydrogen in the weight ratio of lignin to hydrogen of 9:1 to 1:9, mainly of 2:1 to 1:3. |
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Invention relates to the technology of producing solid organic fuel, particularly fuel briquettes, and can be used to heat houses, in field conditions, on transportation and in industry. The fuel briquette is made with longitudinal holes and contains organic binder in form of polypropylene production wastes in amount of 2.0-10.0 wt %, oxidising agent - potassium nitrate 2.0-5.0 wt %, catalyst - MnO2+Fe2O3 mixture with weight ratio thereof ranging from 4:1 to 1:6 in amount of 0.1-1.5 wt % and sawdust - the rest. |
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Method of producing nanostructured fuel Proposed method consists in grinding organic origin stock elements to nanoparticle radius of not over 100 nm. Liquid-packed ring pumps are used to created rarefied atmosphere deprived of oxygen and containing water vapors. Fuel is minced in said atmosphere. Surface of produced nanoparticles is coated with monolayer of sorbed water molecules. Sorbed water molecules dissociate in rarefied atmosphere into OH radial and atoms of hydrogen or its isotopes. Note here that atoms of hydrogen or its isotopes penetrate into fuel nanoparticles to ne accumulated therein. Produced fuel particles are mixed with ethanol to produce homogeneous mix. |
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Composition for obtaining solid composite high-carbon fuel Composition for obtaining solid composite high-carbon fuel includes organic binding agent, coal and coke fillers. As organic binding agent there used is fermented residue formed as a result of anaerobic fermentation of organic animal residues, vegetation residues, domestic waste and sewage sludges. The following component ratio, wt %, is used: coal filler 10-80, coke filler 10-80, fermented residue is the rest. |
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Invention discloses a method of obtaining a product containing inflammable fuel from biomass raw material. The method involves pretreatment of biomass raw material having density less than approximately 0.5 g/cm3 using one or more pretreatment methods. The pretreatment methods are selected from a group comprising irradiation, ultrasonic treatment, pyrolysis and oxidation. Pretreatment via irradiation involves irradiation with an electron beam. The obtained biomass raw material then undergoes conversion using microorganisms to obtain a product containing inflammable fuel. |
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Composition for producing moulded fuel Composition contains organic binder and crushed waste wood. The organic binder used is fermented residue formed during anaerobic fermentation of organic animal wastes. Components are in the following ratio, wt %: waste wood 10-90, fermented residue - the rest. |
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Wood dust is mixed in ratio of 1:1 as to volume with liquid manure of cattle stock with natural moisture content of 80-90%. Then, the obtained mixture is formed and subject to drying in natural conditions. |
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Method for biofuel production from galega orientalis In method, soil is prepared to grow Galega orientalis: acid soils are limed, peat and manure compost is added. Ploughing is carried out, seeds are treated before sowing with the aqueous solution of rizotorfin in amount of 40÷45 g - on a dry basis per 1 kg of seeds; the aqueous solution of boric acid in amount of 12÷20 g per 1 kg of seeds; the aqueous solution of ammonia molybdate in amount of 6÷8 g per 1 kg of seeds. The sowing rate is 25÷27 kg/ha. Vegetating plants are sprayed with the aqueous solution of boric acid in amount of 800÷1000 g per 1 ha of soil in the phase of 5÷7 leaves. In the beginning of growth and after the first hay crop, the plants are sprayed with liquid humic fertiliser from biohumus in amount of 0.10÷0.15 g per 1 ha of soil. At the 5th, 10th and 15th years of life the crops are treated with a disk harrow and are further sprayed with liquid humic fertiliser from biohumus in amount of 0.08÷0.10 g per 1 ha of soil. Green mass is cut in budding phase and is distributed into rolls by forage harvesters. Then the green mass is cured in rolls for 2÷3 days with drying to residual moisture of 60÷65%, the green mass is ground by forage harvesters until the fibre length makes 1÷3 cm. The ground green mass is dried in the drying drum at the temperature of 100÷110°C, granulated, granules are cured for 48÷54 hours until residual moisture makes 9÷12% and packed. |
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Method of obtaining solid biofuel from granular wood material Method involves dropwise addition of diesel fuel to a pelleting press while pressing crushed wood wastes. The method of producing biofuel from wood wastes involves crushing, drying, mixing components and subsequent pressing, wherein the binder and component which reduces the load on the press matrix owing to increase in the slip coefficient between the material and cavities of the matrix is diesel fuel which is added in the following ratio, wt %: wood wastes 99.0-99.9; diesel fuel 0.1-1. |
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Moulded fuel and preparation method thereof Moulded fuel contains a dry mixture of wood wastes and wastes from starch production in ratio of 3:1 and lipid-containing animal wastes in the following ratio of components, wt %: said lipid-containing wastes 30-60; mixture of ground solid fuel and starch production wastes - the rest. The lipid-containing wastes are wastes from fish processing, meat processing and bird processing. The method of producing moulded fuel involves selection of components, grinding and mixing the ground solid fuel, moulding the mixture, wherein before grinding, the solid components are separated on vibrating screens into two fractions with particle size less than 8 mm and greater than 8 mm and the latter is taken for grinding. Each fraction is then taken for drying and the components are dried to moisture of 12-16%. The components are then mixed and the mixture is then moulded in an extruder at pressure of 5-10 MPa and temperature of 140-200°C. The ready fuel is packed into sacks. |
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Method of producing fuel briquette (versions) Invention relates to production of fuel briquettes from carbon-containing fine-fraction materials. Proposed method comprises preliminary mixing of melasses and lime-containing component to get modified binder to be mixed with fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material and forming briquettes with the following ratio of components, % by weight: melasses 1.8-7.0, lime-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) 0.8-3.2, fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material making the rest. Ratio between melasses and carbon-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) makes 1:(0.25-0.75), respectively. In compliance with the other version, proposed method comprises preliminary mixing of melasses and lime-containing component to get modified binder to be mixed with fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material, fine-fraction vegetable materisl and forming briquettes with the following ratio of components, % by weight: melasses 3.0-9.0, lime-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) 1.2-4.5, fine-fraction carbon-containing vegetable material 5.0-20.0, and fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material making the rest. Ratio between melasses and carbon-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) makes 1:(0.25-0.75), respectively. |
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Method of producing fuel granules Method of producing fuel granules from organic fibrous material includes breakage of organic fibrous material to 0.25-0.15 mm, moistening and heating are combined and put under the steam treatment heated to 130-180°C under the pressure from 4 to 5 atm, and the compaction of the material obtained is made in the matrixes with the proportion of diametre and length pf the channel 7:78-80. |
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Method of briquette manufacture Method may be used in briquette pressing technology to produce vegetable oil and oil cakes as briquettes. It is useful for wood and wood-working industry waste treatment to produce qualitative and environmentally friendly fuel briquettes free from binding substances. They can be used for treating oil cakes and disperse wastes in coil industry. Initially, milling zone is consequently formed in extrusion channel between zones of initial raw material loading and tapered pressing screw. Then pre-pressing zone and heating zones are generated due to internal friction forces, where excess moisture is squeezed and removed from extrusion channel through its walls, which are permeable for steam and liquid. The required commercial parametres for briquettes made from each type of raw materials are chosen based on combination of screw rotation speed, variable amounts of supplied raw materials, variable clearances between internal tapered surface of extrusion channel and external tapered surfaces of pre-pressing and heating screw, and external tapered surfaces of tapered pressing screw. |
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Method of automatic control over production of biofuel from wooden loose stock Proposed method relates to processing of loose wastes formed in wood processing and can be used for producing ecologically pure buofuels for industrial and communal services. Proposed method comprises grinding the material, processing it by superheated steam at 300°C in filtration conditions, and subsequent pressing. Proposed method comprises measuring the finished product temperature and moisture content at the press unit outlet, comparing measurement results with rated magnitudes preset at microcontroller. Control signals from the latter are sent to actuating mechanisms to vary the rate of material feed in press die temperature control circuit, and to actuating mechanism that allows feeding superheated steam into the mixer included into moisture content control circuit. |
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Method of producing fuel granules Invention relates to the method of producing fuel granules from biological materials, primarily, from wood shaving, wood etc., differing in that the material is fed to drying stage (1) for it to be dried to relative moisture content of 40-65% to 30-45% by weight. Then the material is fed from drying stage (1), via, possible, intermediate stage of storage (2) to reactor stage (3, 3') for material to be treated at higher pressure and heating to 200 to 300°C with the help of steam. Material is cured in the reactor at reached temperature for time sufficient for softening of the material. Pressure at aforesaid reactor stage is reduced in at least two stages. Note here that aforesaid first pressure reduction stage is intended for separating the material into fibers and extracting lignine, while the second pressure reduction stage is undertaken to feed the material from the reactor stage to that of additional drying, possibly, via intermediate stage of storage. Now the material is pelletised. |
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Production method of wood granulae (pellets) Production method of wood granulae is based on use of furnace dead matter from low-grade wood as raw materials. The method involves pushing raw materials through an extrusion-type, perforated matrix in form of a plate with three-step shaped openings, in which there is division of raw materials into different parts, compaction and shaping of material in form of wood pellets. Whole timber is used as raw material, extruded under pressure of a hydraulic press. The openings of the plate are at peaks of regular triangles. Division of wood takes place at different hexagons using a system of parabolic teeth, the peaks of which at the corners of hexagons on the working surface of the matrix. The wood is compacted in conical channels with taper angle of 20°, shaping - by pushing wood through cylindrical openings. |
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Solidified biomass and method of its obtainment Invention concerns solidified biomass applied as fuel alternative to coal coke and as material for various purposes, and methods of biomass obtainment. Solidified biomass applicable as fuel alternative to coal coke and as carbon material for various purposes includes semicarbonised solid substance or pre-semicarbonised sulid substance with apparent density of 1.2-1.38, obtained by processing involving heated compression of biomass obtained by photosynthesis, in almost completely sealed space, resulting in thermal decomposition of hemicellulose comprising one of the main source biomass components, that is lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and low-temperature reaction of cellulose and lignin with preservation of their frames, and obtainment of indicated pre-semicarbonised solid substance or semicarbonised solid substance with maximum compression strength of 60-200 MPa and calorific power of 18-23 MJ/kg. Carbonised solidified biomass is obtained by heating of indicated solidified biomass in open air. Solidified biomass can also be obtained out of mix of source biomass obtained by photosynthesis, and metal particles or carbonised solid substance including biomass as main component, or cinders of material including biomass regenerated to cinders as main material. Method of solidified biomass obtainment involves: reduction of source biomass obtained by photosynthesis; loading reduced source biomass into chamber; insertion of mobile pressure-generating device into empty part of chamber loaded with reduced source biomass, so that a pressure could be applied to the source biomass by the pressure-generating device; compression of reduced source biomass by application of 8-25 MPa pressure to material by mobile pressure-generating device positioned in the chamber, with material heating to 115-230°C, so that vapour and evaporated components obtained from source biomass by heating and pressing are collected inside the chamber by the pressure-generating device positioned in the chamber; thermal decomposition of hemicellulose comprising one of main source biomass components, i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and low temperature reaction between cellulose and lignin with preservation of their frames and obtainment of semicarbonised solid substance or pre-semisubstance solid substance; cooling of the semicarbonised solid substance or pre-semisubstance solid substance by maintaining pressure of compression process to obtain cooled solid substance; discharge and drying of the cooled solid substance. Method of obtaining carbonised solidified biomass out of indicated solidified biomass involves: heating of indicated solidified biomass in open air; carbonisation of the solidified biomass by heating temperature and air pressure maintenance for definite time period to obtain carbonised solidified biomass; cooling of the carbonised solidified biomass by definite pressure maintenance to obtain cooled carbonised solidified biomass; discharge and drying of the cooled carbonised solidified biomass. |
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Device for production of fuel cells from sawdust Invention can be used for production of fuel elements from composite based production waste. A required angle α between posts 3 and 4, and cycles 1 and 2 is set by moving a carriage against guides 26 of frame 18. Drive units 5 and 6, loading device 14 for sawdust 16 supply and liquid binder feeding device 17 are activated. Sawdust 16 are mixed with the liquid binder in intercycle space and the mixture thus obtained is packed by means of downward movement of the adjacent sides of cycles 1 and 2. When the device is running, pressure of the mixture being compressed is taken up by convergent belt sides of both cycles 1 and 2 and by flat friction bearings 9 10 and 1 fixed to posts 3 and 4. Simultaneously with the downward movement of the mixture, the mixture is cut by sharp edges of transverse walls 13 while cycle side 2 is gradually approaching walls 13 of cycle 1. |
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While carriage 32 travel relative to the frame 24 guides 33 frames 24, required angle is regulated between racks 3, 4 and circuits 1 and 2. There are connected drives 5 and 6, sawdust 22 charging device 20 and liquid binder feeder 23. Sawdust and liquid binder are supplied continuously to the space 21 between circuits 1 and 2 wood sawdust and the liquid binding. Simultaneously there is connected crank drive 29 which by rod 28 makes the rack 4 and the second circuit 2 to vibrate in a vertical plane. In the intercircuit space 25, sawdust 22 and liquid binder are mixed, while formed mass is pressed by moving adjacent branches of circuits 1 and 2. |
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Complex for manufacture of fuel elements from saw dust Working elements of complex are made in the form of two flexible circuits with solid surfaces from rubberized tape, infinitely closed on drive and tension units installed on stands. Both circuits are installed in vertical plane. At that stand of the first circuit is oriented vertically, and stand of the second circuit - at sharp angle to stand of the first circuit. Both circuits are arranged as converging downwards, and branches of both circuits facing each other are installed with possibility of their resting on flat friction supports fixed on stands with coating of anti-friction material relative to material of circuits tape. On the sides tapes of circuits are limited with vertical walls. The first vertically oriented circuit is arranged with baffle partitions of triangular cross section installed normally to its surface and fixed in it with the same pitch. Sharp edges of partitions face the second circuit. Above upper tension units, loading device is installed with the possibility of continuous supply of saw dust into space between circuits. Device for continuous supply of liquid binder is also installed there for supply to the same space. Drive unit of the first vertically oriented circuit is installed below drive unit of the second slating circuit by at least one step of baffle partitions installation in the first circuit. Vertically oriented plate is installed on the side of the second circuit on the frame with the possibility of displacement relative to it and side walls in vertical plane, fixation on frame and interaction with its upper edge with external surface of the second circuit tape. Conveyor is installed under drive units with the possibility of molded raw fuel elements reception and transportation into drying department. Distance between branched of both circuits facing each other in area of lower units installation and distance between surface of the first circuit tape in area where it envelopes drive unit and plate surface is accepted as equal to height of partitions. Stands of both circuits in their upper part are connected to each other by screw couplings. Speeds of the first and second circuit tapes are accepted as different. |
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Invention pertains to the production of non-toxic solid fuel briquettes from production wastes and can be used in various industries. The method allows for obtaining solid fuel briquettes, containing in mass.%: chips of clear wood - 25-30, tobacco dust wastes - 10-15, grain husk - 10-15, organic binding substance - 40-55, with uniform density in the whole volume and improves their calorific capacity. The method involves grinding the organic material to a fraction in the range of 0.1-5 mm, drying to moisture of 9-14%, mixing the components of the mixture with the molten organic binding substance and subsequent pressing into briquettes at specific pressure in the range of 30.0-40.0 MPa. The device consists of a case with a receiving funnel, transmission shaft, joined to a hub, with an angle hole, in which a spindle is freely fitted, on the lower part of which a former block is mounted inclined to the axis of the shaft, with a cone-shaped packing surface. The former block is made with grooves for supplying the reinforcement material under the packing surface of the working organ. In the lower part of the case there are cut plates and a matrix, with calibrated openings, the dimensions of which correspond to the cross sectional dimensions of the briquettes. On the cone-shaped surface of the forming block there are pressure clutches, with dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the calibrated openings of the matrix, into which the enter during spherical motion of the forming block. The transmission shaft is fitted with provision for vertical displacement. The forming block is made with provision for pressing at specific pressure in the 30.0-40.0 MPa range. |
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Processing of organic carbonaceous waste and carbonaceous moulding Invention concerns obtaining of moulded fuel, particularly of carbonaceous mouldings in the briquette or pellet form made of organic carbonaceous waste. Additionally, carbonaceous mouldings can be used in agriculture as fertiliser and/or soil structure-forming agent. The process involves proportioning, activation mixing of the components, activated component moulding under the pressure of 120 MPa to obtain carbonaceous mouldings. Organic carbonaceous waste includes lignine and/or sewage treatment sediments, and/or animal manure, and/or bird droppings. The components or their mix are dried to 40% dampness before moulding, either by direct contact with drying medium containing up to 14 mass % of oxygen with the components or their mix; or without direct contact with the drying medium heated up to 500°C. |
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Complex for manufacture of fuel elements from wood dust Wood dust 17 and binder are fed by means of charging device 15 and device 18 for feeding of binder into space 16 between contours 1 and 2 made from steel whole stretched or plated belt. Cylindrical drive brushes are positioned in upper parts of both contours. Mass produced is mixed and compacted in space 16 upon actuation of drive units 5, 6 and movement in downward direction of adjacent runs of contours 1 and 2. Pressure of compressed mass is perceived by converging runs of both contours and by straight roller supports 10 and 11 mounted on columns 3 and 4. Simultaneously with displacement of mass in downward direction, said mass is cut-through by acute edges of partitions 14 when partitions 14 of contour 1 approach run of contour 2. On approaching to lower units 5 and 6, individual fuel elements 20 formed as bars-logs are produced from said mass. Fuel elements are discharged onto conveyor 19. |
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Method of production of the fuel briquette The invention is pertaining to the method of production of the fuel briquettes, which may be used as the fuel in the municipal housekeeping, in the residential buildings boiler rooms in the capacity of the kindling material for ignition, and also in the capacity of the heat insulating material. The method of production of the fuel briquette provides for injection molding of the filler material in the form of the waste of the woodworking industry mixed with petroleum. In the capacity of the filler material use 80-85 % of the salvage sawdust saturated with petroleum at purification of the oil-polluted waste waters, in which add 15-20 % of wood meal, intermix and mold under pressure of 4.5 - 5 MPa. The invention allows to produce the briquettes of the higher thermal value, the smaller ash content, and also allows to recycle the wastes of the industrial productions and to improve the ecological state of the environment. |
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Proposed fuel composition contains 20-65% of waste of leather production process; 10-30% of hydrocarbon sludge; 0-20% of wood waste; the remainder being peat. Hydrocarbon sludge contains up to 200 g/kg of petroleum products. Waste of leather production process is used in form of leather dust, leather cuttings and leather chips. Fuel composition may also include waste of wood-pulp and paper industry, weaving and sewing processes in the amount of up to 10 mass-%. Proposed fuel enhances utilization of sludge of car repair plants, engineering plants and other works containing up to 200 g/kg of petroleum products. |
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Fuel (briquette, granule) contains 47.5-52.5% of culm, 28.5-31.5% of coal screenings and 19-21% of sawdust. Fuel thus produced is cheaper than similar fuels due to utilization of coal output wastes and wood-working process wastes without binding materials; fuel possesses high heat of combustion of coal; slag forming is excluded; finely-dispersed ash may be used as mineral fertilizer. |
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Carbon-containing moldings and a method for fabrication thereof Invention relates to fabrication of hydrocarbon moldings in the form of briquettes or granules. Which can be used as natural solid fuel substitutes for municipal and industrial needs but also as fertilizers and/or soil structure improvers. Carbon-containing moldings contain (i) ground peat and/or lignin (5-50%), (ii) wood-vegetable components in the form of sawdust and/or wood chips, and/or bark, and/or straw, and/or chaff, and/or seed shells, and/or oilcake, and/or plant stems and leaves, and/or animal components in the form of poultry dung and/or manure (1-10%), and (iii) binder in the form of burnt lime, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide (balancing amount). Method of fabrication comprises dispensing, mixing, grinding, and activation of peat and/or lignin with binder, after which is added above-indicated wood-vegetable and/or animal components and resulting mixture is remixed. Final mixture is converted into moldings, which are then compacted by lying during 2 to 30 h. |
Another patent 2513842.