Method to briquette biowaste of animals and birds and device for its realisation. RU patent 2507242.
 Briquette based on pressed lignocellulose body saturated with liquid fuel / 2507241Briquette consists of a pressed lignocellulose body, containing: (a) 60-90 wt % cuttings of grass stalks and (b) 10-40 wt % scutched lignocellulose binder with degree of scutching of 38-75°RS (Shopper-Rigler degrees), preferably 45 70°RS, (said percentages being expressed in dry weight relative the dry weight of the sum of (a) and (b)) and from fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having a flash point of 30-150°C, which saturates the pressed lignocellulose body, wherein said briquette has a substantially cylindrical shape and has a central smoke conduit with a star-shaped cross-section. The method of making the briquettes comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an aqueous suspension of lignocellulose binder (b) with cuttings of grass stalks (a) in such proportions that the ratio (per dry weight) of the lignocellulose binder (b) to the cuttings of the grass stalks (a) ranges from 10/90 to 40/60; (2) moulding the mixture obtained in a suitable unit of the mould (encircling part)-anti-mould (encircled part) type at temperature of 40-120°C at pressure of 3-12 bar, applied for 5-120 s; (3) removing the obtained pressed body from the press mould; and (4) saturating the pressed body removed from the press mould with fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having flash point of 30-150°C. |
 Method, appliance and application for making fuel from moist biomass / 2506305Invention relates to production of fuel from compacted biomass whereat moist biomass is dried prior to compaction. Before drying, biomass is mechanically dewatered for decrease in moisture content and ground before mechanical dewatering. Note that biomass is ground to puree state, rubbed to obtain fiber and subjected to fine grinding to destruct cellular structures to biomass consistency varying from paste to fluid. Invention relates also to appliance for producing fuel from compacted biomass. Fine grinding allows better removal of water either mechanically or at preliminary dewatering. |
 Fuel, method and apparatus for producing heat energy from biomass / 2505588Described is fuel, which is a mixture, one component of which consists of partially dehydrated spent grains from production of bioethanol and the other component consists of ground materials, where the ratio of the weight of sodium and the weight of potassium in ash residues to the weight of other incombustible components is less than 1:5.85 and/or that ratio varies based on achieving a melting point of ash of said mixture higher than 760°C. Also described is a method of producing fuel, a method of producing heat energy from fuel and an apparatus for carrying out said method. |
 Method for processing dewatered sludge of waste water treatment plants to fuel briquettes shaped as cylinders / 2505587Method for processing dewatered sludge of waste water treatment plants to fuel briquettes shaped as cylinders includes dosing and mixing of solid components and sludge produced by waste water treatment plants in mixer, formation of mixture and subsequent drying of briquette-shaped fuel; it is distinguished by delivery of prepared and mixed in mixer mass to special-purpose rotary-pulsing apparatus where mixture under pressure of 15-20 MPa is subjected to mechanical activation, homogenisation and restructuring; then it is hold within 2-3 hours, thereafter it is enriched by oil sludge and fed to moulding extruder; at that sludge of waste water treatment plants with water content of 55-25 % by weight is used; briquettes are dried at 70÷80°C during 30÷50 minutes or at room temperature during 2÷3 days till it reaches humidity of 17÷22%; at that shaped fuel contains the following components, by wt %: - fine solid components containing wooden and raw plant material, peat, coal slack - 40-70%, oil sludge - 5-6%, sludge of waste water treatment plants - remaining part. |
| Method of fuel pellets production / 2497935 Invention is related to production of fuel pellets including mixing of filler that contains wood processing waste, combustible component in the form of oil waste and binding agent where fat and oil waste from food industry are also used as combustible component and such combustible component serves simultaneously as binding agent; powdered thickener from combustible material is added to the mixture, at that at first mixing of thickener and binding agent is made in ratio of 0.2-1.0:1 during 1.5-2 minutes in order to thicken the latter, thereafter filler is introduced step-by-step into the thickened mixture and filler takes ratio of 0.5-1.0:1 to the binding agent, then mixture is stirred during 35-40 minutes till pellets of stable shape appear; then thickener is added again in quality of 10-20% of its initial weight in order to prevent sticking of pellets and the mixture is stirred for another 2-4 minutes till finished product of round pellets is received. Received fuel pellets are used for household and municipal boilers for firing up purpose. |
 Method of making fuel briquettes / 2496858Method of making fuel briquettes involves grinding combustible solid components, mixing with binder, pressing and drying the briquettes. The method is characterised by that the combustible solid components used are recycled ballistit-type gun powder or non-recoverable wastes from powder production, ground on a modernised disk mill to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and activated charcoal screenings, ground on a double-roll crusher to particle size of less than 4.0 mm, and mixed in 8.0-10.0% aqueous solution of polyacrylamide binder or a sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in a continuous or periodic action mixing device with horizontal mixers, followed by pressing into fuel briquettes on a shaft pelleting press; the formed briquettes are dried with air on a three-section belt drier at temperature 100…105°C for 3 hours, cooled and then dry-cured for three days. |
 Procedure and device for production of solid hydrocarbon fuel / 2490317Invention is related to procedure and method for production of solid hydrocarbon fuel. For this purpose the procedure of solid hydrocarbon fuel production involves the following: saturation of hydrocarbon raw material with water; dispersion of the raw material saturated with water up to ultrafine condition in result of volumetric cavitation under ultrasound; dispersed raw material is extruded through magnetoacoustic coagulator made as a thin-wall metal tube; formation of ring eddy currents in metal of the magnetoacoustic coagulator which are directed around it longitudinal axis and have frequency approximately equal to the frequency of free radial mechanical oscillation of the magnetoacoustic coagulator; output from the magnetoacoustic coagulator of solid hydrocarbon fuel obtained in result of ultrafine mixture coagulation under influence of magnetoacoustic resonance processes in magnetoacoustic resonator. |
 Method of making fuel briquettes from biomass / 2484125Invention relates to a method of making fuel briquettes from biomass, involving heat treatment of biomass at temperature of 200-500°C without access to air, preparing binding substance obtained by dissolving dextrin in a pyrolysis condensate in ratio of 1:(5-20), mixing the binder with a carbon residue ground to particle size of 2 mm, moulding a fuel briquette from the obtained mixture and drying said briquette at room temperature for 2-5 days. The obtained briquettes have low combustion heat, improved mechanical strength and resistance to compression. |
| Method of producing granules from large pieces of renewable fibrous raw material / 2483098 Described is a method according to which raw material is ground, dried and then processed into granules in a matrix moulder, where the material which is first coarsely ground in corresponding cases in milling machines, is ground before drying in a first matrix moulder. |
| Active pellets / 2477305 Invention relates to recycling wood-plant wastes and peat and can be used in producing ecologically clean biofuels in form of active briquettes and granules (pellets) for industrial and domestic needs. The solid biofuel based on wood-plant components and/or peat additionally contains a combustion catalyst, with the following ratio of components, wt %: combustion catalyst 0.001-10; crushed wood-plant component and/or peat 100. The wood-plant components used are wood shavings, wood chips, bark, straw, chaff, seed husks, mill cake, stalks and leaves, waste paper, and the combustion catalyst is in form of inorganic derivatives of group I-II and VI-VIII metals. |
| Briquette based on pressed lignocellulose body saturated with liquid fuel / 2507241 Briquette consists of a pressed lignocellulose body, containing: (a) 60-90 wt % cuttings of grass stalks and (b) 10-40 wt % scutched lignocellulose binder with degree of scutching of 38-75°RS (Shopper-Rigler degrees), preferably 45 70°RS, (said percentages being expressed in dry weight relative the dry weight of the sum of (a) and (b)) and from fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having a flash point of 30-150°C, which saturates the pressed lignocellulose body, wherein said briquette has a substantially cylindrical shape and has a central smoke conduit with a star-shaped cross-section. The method of making the briquettes comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an aqueous suspension of lignocellulose binder (b) with cuttings of grass stalks (a) in such proportions that the ratio (per dry weight) of the lignocellulose binder (b) to the cuttings of the grass stalks (a) ranges from 10/90 to 40/60; (2) moulding the mixture obtained in a suitable unit of the mould (encircling part)-anti-mould (encircled part) type at temperature of 40-120°C at pressure of 3-12 bar, applied for 5-120 s; (3) removing the obtained pressed body from the press mould; and (4) saturating the pressed body removed from the press mould with fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having flash point of 30-150°C. |
| Method of making fuel briquettes / 2496858 Method of making fuel briquettes involves grinding combustible solid components, mixing with binder, pressing and drying the briquettes. The method is characterised by that the combustible solid components used are recycled ballistit-type gun powder or non-recoverable wastes from powder production, ground on a modernised disk mill to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and activated charcoal screenings, ground on a double-roll crusher to particle size of less than 4.0 mm, and mixed in 8.0-10.0% aqueous solution of polyacrylamide binder or a sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in a continuous or periodic action mixing device with horizontal mixers, followed by pressing into fuel briquettes on a shaft pelleting press; the formed briquettes are dried with air on a three-section belt drier at temperature 100…105°C for 3 hours, cooled and then dry-cured for three days. |
 Briquetted solid fuel / 2496857Invention relates to briquetted solid fuel, which contains activated charcoal screenings and ballistit powder wastes which do not contain heavy metal salts and other environmentally hazardous components, ground to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and polyacrylamide as binder, with the following ratio of components, wt %: activated charcoal screenings - 75…86, ballistit powder wastes - 10…20, polyacrylamide - 4…5. The invention enables to comprehensively solve the problem of the environment, saving energy resources and recycling potentially hazardous high-energy substances. |
 Briquetted solid fuel / 2496856Briquetted solid fuel contains activated charcoal screenings and expired ballistit powder, ground to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and polyacrylamide as binder, with the following ratio of components, wt %: activated charcoal screenings - 75…86, expired ballistit powder - 10…20, polyacrylamide - 4…5. |
| Method of making fuel briquettes from biomass / 2484125 Invention relates to a method of making fuel briquettes from biomass, involving heat treatment of biomass at temperature of 200-500°C without access to air, preparing binding substance obtained by dissolving dextrin in a pyrolysis condensate in ratio of 1:(5-20), mixing the binder with a carbon residue ground to particle size of 2 mm, moulding a fuel briquette from the obtained mixture and drying said briquette at room temperature for 2-5 days. The obtained briquettes have low combustion heat, improved mechanical strength and resistance to compression. |
 Briquetted solid fuel / 2477745Invention relates to producing efficient briquetted solid fuel for household heating ovens, fireplaces, heating devices for hot water supply and gas powered electric generators. Described is briquetted solid fuel which contains activated charcoal screenings and ballistit powder ground to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and the binder used is polyacrylamide, with the following ratio of components, wt %: activated charcoal screenings 75-86, ballistit powder 10-20, binder 4-5. |
| Method to produce briquette fuel / 2473672 Method to produce briquette fuel includes stages for preparation of initial components, mixing, pressing and drying. Components used are a carbon-containing material, such brown coal medium-temperature coke of the initial grain-size composition, a mineral binder, such as subcoal aleurolite, a strengthening modifier, such a 3% aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or an aqueous solution of 10% flour paste, a hydrophobe modifier, such as fuel oil of M100 grade and water, at the following ratio of components, wt %: mineral binder - 1-10; strengthening modifier - 1-30; hydrophobe modifier - 1-10; water - 1-30; carbon-containing material - balance. After mixing of components the briquette mass is pressed into briquettes under pressure of 20-200 MPa, and then briquettes are dried at the temperature 100-250°C. |
| Method to produce coal briquettes / 2473671 Invention relates to the method for production of coal briquettes from coal slurry and coal fines with a binder - an aqueous solution of polyelectrolyte - a flocculant on the basis of a polyacrylamide (PAA). As an intensifying additive to increase adhesion as a charge is compressed in process of pressing, the initial solution of PAA is complemented with water-soluble surfactants from the class of polyethers based on propylene glycol. Coal briquettes are used for communal-domestic and technological purposes. |
 Composition of chemically obtained binding agent for manufacture of coal briquettes / 2472845In order to increase calorific capacity and mechanical strength of fuel briquettes obtained from small coal fractions and coal slurries, there used are resinous rejects - resin after captax manufacture. Consumption of the binding agent is 7-8 wt % of the coal material weight. |
 Fuel briquette, and method for its obtaining / 2468070Invention refers to fuel briquette that contains coke and anthracite fines, molasses as binding agent and additional binding agent - industrial vegetable oil. At that, briquettes have cylindrical shape with the following dimensions: diameter x height - 100x100 or 110x110 or 120x120 mm. The invention also refers to the method for obtaining fuel briquettes, which involves dosing, mixing of coke and anthracite fines and binding agent - molasses, briquetting of mixture under pressure of 35-50 MPa and drying of briquettes, and which differs by the fact that industrial vegetable oil is added to molasses prior to dosing at the following ratio of molasses : oil, wt %: 9-12 : 0.5-2; briquettes are arranged on trolleys and drying is performed at continuous discrete trolley movement (every 10 minutes) through the distance equal to the length of one trolley; at that, temperature vs. time drying mode is characterised with three stages: first stage - 100-300°C during 40 minutes, the second stage - 380-200°C during 100 minutes, the third stage - 200-100°C; besides, drying of briquettes at the first stage is performed with opposite flow in relation to trolley movement, and with cocurrent flow of drying agent at the second and the third stages. |
 Extruder / 2491171Invention relates to equipment intended for extrusion of stock comprising several components to be used in processing branches. Extruder consists of a cylinder with loading opening, vaned screw arranged in said cylinder and outlet female die. At least, one compression gate is rigidly secured on said screw. Said gate features stepped shape with ribs for separation of materials forced toward compression gate in separate flows and for enlargement of the area of contact with the gate. |
FIELD: power engineering.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for briquetting of biowaste of animals and birds, comprising a loading hopper, a conical auger installed in the hollow body, a scraper conveyor arranged in the lower part of the body, a spring-loaded plate in the form of a ski is installed at the side of the conical auger top at the outlet from the body. It additionally comprises a mixer made of a body, nozzles for input of a filler and an aggregate, besides, along the vertical axis of the mixer body there is a rotor with blades arranged at the angle to each other, the lower part of the mixer via the gate and the pipeline is connected to the lower part of the device for mixing of the material with the binder made of a body and a nozzle of binder injection, inside the body on its opposite sides there are two augers in the form of a spiral with the opposite winding rotating with the help of electric motors, at the outer side of the device body for mixing along its perimeter there is a coil with a coolant. Blades installed on the rotor of the mixer have the shape of a rectangular triangle. Application of the proposed device makes it possible to use biowaste of animals (manure, dung), and also to use local resource in the form of easily available and environment-safe materials.
EFFECT: produced briquettes are used for heat production.
2 cl, 1 dwg
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to obtain briquettes for heating, which allows the use of local resources in the form of readily available and environmentally-friendly materials.
A device for briquetting of solid waste, including the camera and hydraulic press with the pressing hob, cylinder press is installed vertically in the bottom of the device under the pressing plate. (EN 67507 U1, IPC 6 C25C 1\22, publ. 27.10.2007,)
Known briquetting press feed containing bunker housing with duty unloading window and a rotor, installed on the surface of the blades, placed in the enclosure to form between them a ring cavity (EN 2347679 C1, IPC B30B 11/14, publ. 27.03.2009,).
The disadvantage of the above devices analog is the inability to use for briquetting of animal waste (manure, dung), as well as the complexity of their design.
Closest to the proposed device is a device for briquetting containing a mounted in the floor of the chassis taper screw, loading hopper, part of the lower wall of the casing is made as a scraper conveyor, a drive which is located outside the enclosure (EN 108339 U1, IPC B30B 9/14, publ. 13.04.2011,).
The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to use for briquetting of animal waste (manure, dung), as well as the complexity of the design.
Objective of the proposed device for briquetting waste of animal and birds is the implementation of briquetting animal waste (manure, dung).
The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device includes a loading hopper, installed in the floor of the chassis taper screw located on the bottom scraper conveyor, the summit of a conical screw at the exit of the case set a spring-loaded plate in the form of skiing, but unlike the original, it additionally contains a mixer, consisting of a body, nipples input the filler and filler, and along the vertical axis of the body mixer rotor placed with four blades located on the other side, the bottom part of the mixer through the gate and the pipeline is connected with the bottom part of the device for material mixing with the binder, consisting of a rectangular body and pipe input binder into the casing, inside the body of the opposite sides there are two screw in the form of a spiral with the opposite wound, rotating with the help of motors, with the outside of the hull device for mixing on its perimeter is located coil with coolant.
In addition, the blades installed on the rotor mixer are in the shape of a rectangular triangle.
Compressive strength is one of the main indicators of the quality of briquettes. Reduction of compressive strength causes losses during storage and transport briquettes and littering fines. It is difficult for them to use as a fuel.
For making briquettes used manure from cattle and sawdust of coniferous breeds which are wastes of woodworking industry. Mortar preparation briquetting was drying of the manure and mixing it with sawdust of coniferous breeds in the amount of 0, 10, 25 wt.% and hydrated to 10-23% clay, wt.% 8-10. The resulting mixture was heated up to a temperature of 20-25 C°and . Briquetting was conducted at a pressure of 10 MPa. Humidity of wood sawdust accounts for 22.8%, clay - 10-13%. After briquetting determined by the mechanical strength of briquettes compression according to GOST 21289. In result, it was found that the briquettes are mechanical compression strength 12-15 MPa.
The device presented in Fig., includes a loading hopper 1 mounted in the floor of the chassis 2 taper screw 3, located in the lower part of the body scraper conveyor 4, the summit of a conical screw at the exit of the case set a spring-loaded plate 5 in the form of skis. The device additionally contains a mixer 6, motor 7, pipe 8 input filler pipe 9 input filler, along the vertical axis of the body is placed a rotor 10 with four blades 11, gate 12, pipeline 13, device 14 for material mixing with the binder, consisting of a rectangular body 15, socket 16 input binder, augers 17 and 18 in the form of a spiral with the left and right wound, electric motors 19 and 20, the housing of the device for material mixing with binder is surrounded by a coil 21 with the coolant.
The device works as follows.
Through the pipe 8 raw dried placeholder in the form of manure is served in block 6 of the mixer. Simultaneously, through the pipe 9 filler in the form of sawdust is served in block 6 of the mixer. The rotation of the electric motor (7) is passed on 10 rotor blades and 11. Rotating, blades 11 mixed filler and filler in a homogeneous mixture. Opens the gate 12 and a mixture of gravity moves to the bottom of the device 14. From the opposite side through the pipe 16 served binder in the form of clay.
Rotation from the electric motor 19 passed on auger 17, having left . A mixture consisting of a filler and filler, auger 17 mixed up and then falling under the action of gravitational force on the bottom of the device for material mixing with a binder. Simultaneously, the rotation of the electric motor 20 transmitted to screw 18 has the right-hand wound. Binder in the form of clay auger 16 mixed up and then falling under the action of gravitational force on the bottom of the device for material mixing with a binder. Stirring the mixture and a binder in the device 14 mixing is due to the fact that augers 17 and 18 have different . To create the required temperature in the device for material mixing with the connecting through the coil 21 served coolant. Next conglomerate formed from a mixture of filler, the filler and binder of the device 14 mixing is served in the hopper 1, from which gets in space conical screw 3. Moving mixture along housing 2 from the hopper hole occurs for the bill of rotation of the conic screw. When its moving along the body of the mixture thickens and is formed in the form of briquettes. When you exit the housing briquette with the spring-loaded from the top plate 5 moves on the scraper conveyor of 4, which delivers it to just below the receiving device.
Implementation of the invention allows to use for briquetting waste of animal and birds, as well as the use of local resources in the form of readily available and environmentally-friendly materials, namely: manure, asbestos, clay, lime, gypsum, cement and tar. These briquettes are used to generate heat.
1. Device for briquetting waste of animal and birds, containing hopper mounted in the floor of the chassis taper screw located on the bottom scraper conveyor, the summit of a conical screw at the exit of the case set a spring-loaded plate in the form of skis, characterized in that it additionally contains a mixer, consisting of a body, nipples input filler and filler, and along the vertical axis of the body mixer placed a rotor with blades located under the an angle to each other, the bottom part of the mixer through the gate and the pipeline is connected with the bottom part of the device for material mixing with the binder, consisting of a casing and nozzle input binder inside the case, on its opposite sides there are two screw in the form of a spiral with the opposite wound, rotating with the help of motors, with the outside of the hull device for mixing on its perimeter is located pipes with coolant.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the blades installed on the rotor mixer, have the form of a rectangular triangle.