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Method of production of silver nanoparticles with modified ligand shell in high-viscosity matrix Invention relates to nanotechnology and can be used to change effectively the optoelectronic properties of ensembles of silver nanoparticles coated with ligand shell in viscous media and films. The invention can be used to create photonic crystals, optical filters and a new generation of Raman lasers. For obtaining highly ordered assemblies of silver nanoparticles with a ligand shell in high-viscosity aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol or gelatin 3.6 mmol/g of silver nitrate solution, 15 mmol/g of sodium oleate and 10 mmol/g of sodium borohydride are added. The reaction proceeds without stirring. |
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Additive and method of terminating polymerisation and/or reducing viscosity of polymer solution Disclosed is an additive for reducing viscosity of a polymer solution, which includes: A. carboxylic acid, B. an alcohol, C. a salt selected from a group consisting of an alkali metal salt, an alkali-earth metal salt, an ammonium salt and a mixture thereof, and E. optionally water. Also disclosed is a method of reducing viscosity of a polymer solution, which includes adding the additive and using the additive to reduce viscosity of the polymer solution. |
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Method of producing synthetic latex Invention relates to a method of producing synthetic latex from rubber. The method comprises steps of: (a) emulsifying a binding substance containing rubber, which is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, together with an aqueous surfactant solution to form an oil-in-water emulsion; (b) step-by-step reduction of content of solvent in the oil-in-water emulsion in two or more steps, resulting in formation of synthetic latex. Also described is a reactor with continuous mixing for removing the organic solvent from the oil-in-water emulsion, which contains rubber dissolved in the organic solvent. |
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Chitosan carboxyalkylamide hydrogel, preparing it and using in cosmetology and dermatology Invention refers to chitosan carboxyalkylamide hydrogel and may be used for cosmetic and dermatological treatment of skin burns. Chitosan carboxyalkylamide hydrogel of pH close to that of skin and making 6.5 to 7.2 contains 40 to 90 mole % of the groups of N-carboxyalkylaminde D-glucosamine of formula (I) wherein n represents an integer 1 to 8, 60 to 10 mole % of the protic groups of D-glucosamine, and 5 to 15 mole % of the groups of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. A method for preparing said hydrogel involves preparing an acid solution of chitosan of a degree of acetylation of 85 to 95%, providing a reaction of produced additive chitosan salt in an aqueous solution of diorganic acid and correcting pH of the prepared solution. |
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Method of improving conductivity of conducting polymer product Disclosed is a method of producing a conducting polymer product in form of fine particles with average size of 0.02-0.05 mcm, with improved conductivity, involving: putting a conducting polymer product, which is a product obtained via polymerisation of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene in aqueous solution of polystyrene sulphonic acid and/or polyaniline, water, an organic solvent which is compatible with the conducting polymer product, and carbon dioxide gas into a container operating under pressure; and exposing the medium inside the container operating under pressure to heat and pressure in order to convert carbon dioxide to a supercritical state. |
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Method of dissolving aramid polymer in sulphuric acid using kneader with two guides Method involves the following steps: a) feeding a polymer and a solvent into the kneader with two guides; b) mixing the polymer and solvent in order to dissolve the polymer in the solvent to obtain a solution; c) degassing the solution to obtain a spinning solution; d) moving the spinning solution from the kneader using a separate outlet means. |
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Method of producing perfluorinated sulpho-cationite membranes through coating from solution Invention can be used in making membrane-electrode blocks used in different types of fuel cells, as well as in portable electronic devices etc. The membranes are obtained through coating from a 5-40% solution prepared from perfluorinated ion-exchange copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with perfluorosulpho-containing vinyl ester and a tertiary modifying comonomer selected from a group comprising perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxalane and perfluoroalkylvinyl ester whose alkyl contains 1 or 3 carbon atoms, having equivalent weight of 700-900, number-average molecular weight of 1.0-4.0×105, density 1.79-1.83 kg/m3, degree of crystallinity equal to 1.0-4.5%, and one or more modifying perfluorinated ion-exchange copolymers whose structure is similar to the basic perfluorinated ion-exchange copolymer with equivalent weight of 950-1600, having number-average molecular weight of 4.5-9.0×105, density 1.84-1.91 kg/m3, degree of crystallinity 4.5-12.5%, structural formula: , M denotes H, Li, K, Na, a=23.57-10.53 mol %, b=74.43-81.65 mol %, c=2.0-8.0 mol % in the medium of an organic solvent at 70-120°C. The ratio of the basic perfluorinated and modifying perfluorinated ion-exchange copolymers is equal to 1.5-19. The membrane forms at 40-100°C after evaporation of the solvent. |
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Gas-tight modified perfluorosulpho-cationite membrane and method of producing said membrane Invention relates to the technology of producing gas-permeable membranes which can be used in fuel cells at high operating temperature (100°C and higher, methanol fuel cells, low- and high-pressure water electrolysis cells etc). The membrane is made from a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with perfluorosulpho-containing vinyl ether and a tertiary modifying perfluorinated comonomer - perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxalane or perfluoroalkylvinyl ether containing 1 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl, and a polymeric or inorganic modifier. The method of making the membrane involves contacting a perfluorosulpho-cationite membrane with a liquid composition containing an ion-exchange perfluorosulpho-polymer, a polymeric or inorganic modifier and a solvent. The perfluorosulpho-polymer with functional sulpho-groups SO3M, where M is a hydrogen, ammonium or alkali metal ion, has equivalent mass of 800-900, and is similar on structure to the membrane polymer. Contacting is carried out at 18-80°C. Particles of the modifier are formed on the surface or inside the membrane at 18-120°C. |
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Method of producing compound synthetic polyisoprene latex which is suitable for making latex films involves (a) compounding synthetic polyisoprene latex with suitable compounding ingredients, (b) maturating the latex and optionally (c) storing the latex. Steps (a), (b) and (c), if included, are carried out at temperature lower than 20°C in order to minimise latex precuring. |
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Hydrophilic polymers with reversed phase and use thereof in water-swellable elastomeric compositions Invention relates to water-swellable compositions, as well as to preparation and use thereof. The water-swellable composition contains: (a) 5-70 wt % water-swellable material which is hydrophilic polymer microparticles, (b) 30-95 wt % non-water-swellable thermoplastic polymer or elastomeric material. The hydrophilic polymer microparticles have volume-average diametre not greater than 2 mcm. The composition can be used to produce sealants. The water-swellable composition is prepared by mixing (a) and (b). |
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Proposed method relates to method of continuous fabrication of adhesive composition containing rubber (20), hydrocarbon polymer and solvent (26). Proposed method comprises using at least two two-auger extruders (10a, 10b) arranged in succession. Note that temperature at outlet of each extruder is lower than solvent boiling point and that solvent is added in parts to multiple points located behind initial section of first extruder and to multiple points located along second extruder. Note here that a part of solvent (26) is added to composition coming from 10a and before it enters 10b. The extruders above can represent extruders running in opposite directions, or preferably, in one direction. |
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Stabilised with protective colloid polymeric dispersible powders Polymeric dispersible powders, stabilised with protective colloid, contain, (a) at least one polyvinyl alcohol with viscosity μ1 according to Heppler viscosimeter maximum 3 mPa·s, and (b) at least one polyvinyl alcohol with viscosity μ2 according to Heppler viscosimeter from 4 to 25 mPa·s, value of suspended viscosity μ"ц" of protective colloid according to Heppler viscosimeter constitutes maximum 6 mPa·s. Claimed invention also relates to method of obtaining such polymeric dispersible powders, their application in construction chemistry products, in combination with hydraulically setting binders, for instance cement, gypsum and liquid glass, to application in production of construction glues, plasters, putties, etc, as well as to application in mortars for guniting and jetcrete, used in ground and underground construction, as well as for tunnel revetment. Dispersible powders contain for their stabilisation mixture of low- and high- viscous polyvinyl alcohols, as result powders have better qualities which positively add to their processibility, such as resistance to caking, bond strength during stretching, for instance with polystyrol, redispersibility and fluidity. |
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Invention concerns composition for production of oil-extended polyvinyl alcohol cryogel, containing (mass part): 3-30 of polivinyl alcohol, 2-43 of liquid hydrophobic filler - vegetable or mineral oil, and 52-95 of water. This invention also concerns process of obtaining oil-extended polyvinyl alcohol cryogel, as well as the said cryogel obtained by this process. Definite component ratio of the said composition enables regular distribution of liquid hydrophobic filler particles over the whole volume of oil-extended polyvinyl alcohol cryogel formed of such composition. As a result, the cryogel shows more stable physical and mechanical properties at any point. Besides, liquid oil used as hydrophobic filler predetermines production of composite polymer materials with various properties and applications on the basis of a single principle. The said process also does not involve organic dissolvent and hence does nor produce ecologically hazardous sewage. Oil-extended cryogel is applied in medicine as implant, wound-healing covers; in cosmetology as nutritious masques, applicators, auxiliary substances for wrapping; in techniques for production of self-lubricating resilient articles of complex shape, etc. |
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Fluoropolymers with improved shrinkage by consolidation Invention describes consolidatable composition consisting of: a) fluoropolymer with co-polymerised blocks obtained from: i) CF2=CF-Rf where Rf is fluorine or perfluoroalkyl C1-C8; ii), at least ca. 10 mol percent of hydrogen-containing olefine C2-C9, depending on the total number of molecules of the said CF2=CF-Rf and the said olefine; iii) optionally, CX2=CX-R where each X independently denotes an H, F or Cl atom, while R is a halogen or alkyl or alkenyl group C1-C8, which can contain one or more ester bonds; iv) optionally, bromine-containing consolidation monomer; v) bromine-containing salt; b) optionally, peroxide consolidation catalyst; and c) optionally, linking co-agent where the said fluoropolymer contains two or more average bromine atoms, including more than one end bromine atom per fluoropolymer chain, and where fluoropolymer is practically free from chain transport medium residues. Moreover, the invention describes process of obtaining such fluoropolymer compositions and goods with them. |
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Invention elates to dispersions. Invention describes a method for preparing an aqueous dispersion. Method involves the first step for mixing, the first material not mixing with this phase, the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material wherein: (a) the first polymeric material comprises a repeating monomer of the formula (I) given in the invention description wherein A and B are similar or different and chosen from aromatic and heteroaromatic groups that can be substituted, and at least of them comprises a relatively polar atom or group; R1 and R2 comprise independently relatively nonpolar atoms or groups; or the first polymeric material is prepared or can be prepared by formation of compound wherein A, B, R1 and R2 mean groups described above in an aqueous solvent, and carrying out reaction of groups C=C of indicated compound each with other to yield the first polymeric material; (b) the second polymeric material comprises a functional group able to react with the first polymeric material to form covalent bonds between the first and the second polymeric materials; (c) the mass ratio of the first polymeric material to mass of the first phase is 0.0025 or less; (d) the mass ratio of the second polymeric material to mass of the first phase is 0.035 or less; (e) the indicated first phase comprises water. Also, invention describes methods for preparing dispersions (variants) and dispersions (variants). Invention provides preparing stable dispersion of materials. |
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Method of preparing carbon-containing dispersion Invention provides a method of preparing carbon-containing dispersion that may be used in manufacture of filled liquid rubbers as well as when preparing additives for rubber compounds. Method is accomplished by mixing liquid rubber waste with molecular mass 500 to 20000 and content of solvent 0 to 20% with extender, namely spent activated carbon. Weight ratio of binder to extender varies between 100:33 and 100:200. Preparation of dispersion and processing are performed on extruder at 25 to 180°C. |
Another patent 2513566.