Device for high-temperature test of metals and alloys

IPC classes for russian patent Device for high-temperature test of metals and alloys (RU 2521744):

G01N3/00 - Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress (strain gauges G01B; measuring stress in general G01L0001000000)

F27B17/02 - specially designed for laboratory use

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FIELD: test equipment.

SUBSTANCE: device is intended for high-temperature test of metals and alloys in vacuum or in gas medium. The device includes a detachable pressure-tight chamber consisting of top and bottom parts attached to each other through a flange connection, a melting pot with a metal or alloy test specimen arranged in it, pipelines for pumping the air out of the chamber and supply of gas to it, a temperature metre and an induction heater. In the top part of the detachable pressure-tight chamber an arrangement is made for a cooled box-like element with a detachable cooled plate fixed on it, calibrated as to weight and made from alloyed heat-resistant steel. The melting pot is located inside the detachable pressure-tight chamber. The cooled box-like element is connected via pipelines to a cooling substance supply and circulation unit in the above element.

EFFECT: use of the invention ensures determination of the quantity and chemical composition of solid-phase sublimate formed at melting of metal alloys and performance of metallurgical processes in furnaces.

1 dwg, 1 tbl

The invention relates to metallurgy, specifically to devices for high temperature testing of metals and alloys.

In the literature known device for high-temperature studies of metallurgical processes in closed germetizirovany conditions including a sealed chamber in which is placed the heater and the crucible of refractory material to heat it metal, piping for connecting the chamber with the vacuum-exchange system, devices for measurement (Cm. for example [1] - kN. Shlykov P., E. Ganin Contact heat exchange. M. - L., Gosenergoizdat, 1963, C. - 107; [2] - Montenegro PV, Vasin P., Nikiforov A.P. Study of physico-chemical processes of education burns on steel castings in sand molds. Article in the proceedings of 36 international Congress of casters.: Belgrade, 1969. - "360 Cif S. No. 23-1").

In the Specified source [1] is a diagram of the device for determining the contact thermal resistance between the samples in thermal process heat and power influences vacuum conditions or specified gas environment.

However, the known device used in the study in terms of heating to relatively low temperatures and cannot be used for high-temperature studies of the melting of the metal or alloy is Bob.

Source [2] provides a device for studying the processes of interaction of metals with refractory materials at high temperatures in a sealed chamber when changing the gas atmosphere. However, this device does not allow you to determine the number and composition of metals and alloys at high temperature evaporation.

A device for high-temperature studies, including sealed plug the camera body, micropace with the cone heater for heating metal samples, sealing the cap with electrodes ([3] A.N. Zibrik. Physico-chemical processes in the contact zone of metal-form. Kiev, publishing house "Naukova Dumka", 1977. - C. - 52).

The specified device used in the study of metals only in the contact zone and at temperatures not exceeding the melting point of the metals, as the device does not provide a crucible of refractory material for melting and holding of the melt of the investigated metal. Therefore, the specified device does not allow you to bring the metal sample to melting and explore vapor discharge sublimates in the melting of metals and alloys.

Closest to the technical essence and the achieved effect is known device for carrying out high-temperature studies in which aimogasta metals with refractory materials (see Denisov V.A. Influence of gas environment on the formation of mechanical burns. Article in the book. Defects in castings and measures for their prevention.: M. the motor cycle", 1962. - P.189.)

The known device includes, as main elements of the detachable sealed chamber in which is placed the crucible for heating the metal sample pipelines for pumping of the air chamber and feed it gas meter temperature, the heater.

The known device allows the study of processes of interaction of metals with refractory materials at high temperatures, but does not provide the ability to define products evaporation sublimates of metals and alloys at a heating and melting.

The task of the invention to provide such a device design for high temperature testing of metals and alloys, which would provide the opportunity to conduct the melting of metals and alloys in isolated and pressurized space and determine the number of products evaporation of metals and alloys - sublimates at their high-temperature heating and melting.

The task is solved in that the device for high temperature testing of metals and alloys containing sealed detachable camera placed in her test sample from a metal or alloy, located inside a sealed detachable camera, pipelines for pumping of the air chamber and feed it gas meter temperature, the induction heater according to the invention in the upper part of the sealed detachable camera is placed a removable cooled plate of alloy heat-resistant steel and mounted on a cooled element, connected by pipelines to the aggregate supply and circulation of a cooling substance in the cooled element.

The invention is illustrated in the diagram of the device shown in figure 1.

The device includes a removable top portion of the detachable sealed chamber 1, which is connected by pipes 2 and 3 with any known unit for pumping air from the chamber and feed it gas. Inside the upper part of the sealed detachable camera according to the present invention is cooled element 4 is connected by pipes 5 and 6 with a source of cooling substances in the cooled element. To the cooling element by means of the mounting brackets 14 attached removable cooled plate, done the fair alloy heat-resistant steel. In the lower part of the detachable camera 12 connected to the upper part 1 flange connection 8, are a sample of the test material 9 is placed in the crucible 10 of refractory material, around which is located the induction heater 11. The sample temperature is determined by the platinum-platerodinae thermocouple to the measuring device 13.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that during high-temperature heating and melting of the sample stands out as wasgone (vapor) contained in the chemical elements, which under the action of the vacuum is moved in the cooled part of the sealed chamber and are deposited (condensed) in the form of solids (film) on the cooling plate of the box-shaped cooling element. Then deposited on the cooled plate substance is removed and subjected to chemical analysis.

Depending on the heating temperature of the test sample and the exposure time at a temperature tests determine the magnitude and the sequence in which the evaporation of the chemical elements contained in the sample to be tested.

The order of work on the proposed device the following.

Before working at the bottom of the device in the crucible 10 is placed a tested sample 9 of metal or alloy. At the top of the device on the box cooler is fixed by skob calibrated mass plate 7 made of alloy heat-resistant steel. On the lower part of the device establishes an upper part and both parts are fastened to each other by means of a flange connection 8.

Then, in box cooler 4 through pipes 5 and 6 serves cold water. With the help of pipes 2 and 3 in the chamber to create the desired gas atmosphere or vacuum. After that include an inductor heater 11 and produce heating of the sample 9 in the crucible 10 to achieve melting of the sample.

The degree of heating of the sample is controlled by the temperature determined by thermocouple type CCI (thermocouple platinum-platinate)installed in the crucible 10. The melting of the sample and the overheating of the melt it evaporates.

A pair of the melt under the action of suction (under vacuum) at the top of the camera go up and come into contact with the surface of the cooling plate 7. As a result of contact of the vapors of the melt on the cold plate is the condensation of the solid phase from vozgonaetsa stream.

After thermal impact on the molten sample 9, the inductor is switched off and can stand up to the full sample cooling and condensation on the plate 7. Then the upper part of the chamber is cut off from the bottom and from the camera, remove the cooling plate with the sediment in the form of a solid condensate.

Then the plate 7 is weighed and the difference between the mass of the plate before and after heating and raspravleniya 9 determine the mass of sediment - product evaporation of the melt - wasgone. The resultant precipitate - voshon is determined by the difference of weights weighing cooling plate in the initial state before testing and after high temperature test. The amount is determined by the difference of mass of the cooling plate.

The precipitate clean off with the cooling plate 7 and analyze the composition of the sediment spectral or chemical method.

Thus, the device shown in the drawing the main elements allows to determine the quantity and chemical composition of the solid phase wasgone formed by melting a metal alloy and the flow of metallurgical processes in the melting furnace and a casting ladle.

This is important not only to identify dangerous for the environment discharge occurring when carrying out metallurgical processes, but also to develop methods of cleaning melts from harmful pollutants: sulfur, phosphorus, fusible inclusions zinc, tin, lead and other contaminants metals and alloys.

Examples of testing of the device.

The tests were carried out on three kinds of alloys, respectively, for examples: grey cast iron, ferromanganese and silico-manganese. This determined the amount of generated sludge and chemical composition on the content of harmful impurities: is asfora and sulphur.

Example 1. The amount and chemical composition of voshon formed by melting and overheating iron grey brand SCH20 (GOST 1412-95).

Melting overheating of the iron was carried out at a temperature of 1430-1450°C for 15 minutes in vacuum. The original content of impurities in the sample: phosphorus 0.2 percent, sulfur of 0.15.

Example 2. Also for cast iron SCH20 when tested in an oxidizing atmosphere of air.

Example 3. Sample test of ferromanganese brand Fmna (GOST 4755-95) with initial phosphorus content of 0.05%, sulfur 0,025..

Example 4. Sample test of silico-manganese brand SMN (GOST 4756-92) with initial phosphorus content of 0.35%, sulfur 0.03 in.

The test results are shown in the table.

Table
Number example	View alloy	Temperature, °C	Heating time, minutes	The amount of sediment mg	The impurity content in the sediment, %
Phosphorus	Sulfur
1 (vacuum)	SCH20	1450	15	38	0,018	0,03
2 (air)	SCH20	1430	18	45	0,024	0,08
3 (air)	Fmna	1380	12	57	0,012	0,002
4 (air)	SMN	1450	15	63	0,022	0,015

The results of the tests shown in the table, allow assessment of the influence of temperature, duration of processing the molten sample in the device and the nature of the gas atmosphere in the process of removal from the melt impurities.

Industrial application of the proposed device.

The proposed device can be applied in the development of technology for high-temperature processing of metals and alloys ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy and effective cleaning alloys from such undesirable impurities as phosphorus and sulphur.

Device is on for high temperature testing of metals and alloys, containing sealed detachable camera comprising upper and lower parts, fastened by a flange connection, the crucible holds the test sample from a metal or alloy that is located inside a sealed detachable camera, pipelines for pumping air from the chamber and feed it gas, temperature meter, induction heater, characterized in that the upper part of the sealed detachable camera placed additionally cooled box-shaped element with a fixed removable cooled plate, calibrated by weight, of alloy heat-resistant steel, with a cooled box-shaped element is connected by pipelines to the aggregate supply and circulation of a cooling substance in the specified element.