Electric motor and gear motor |
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IPC classes for russian patent Electric motor and gear motor (RU 2520937):
 Electromagnetic motor / 2506689
Invention relates to electric engineering, design of direct-current electric motors and it can be used for motorised wheels at vehicles and other technical fields. According to the invention in electromagnetic engine containing power supply source, distributing header, stator with constant magnets fixed at one axis and rotor with solenoid coils located along its circumference and connected to distributing header the stator consists of two magnet cores in the shape of ring with constant magnets which are installed with alternating polarity; at that constant magnets of the upper ring are located opposite constant magnets of the lower ring and are directed towards each other by similar poles; between the upper and lower rings of stator and on-boresight there is installed ring-shaped rotor made of nonmagnetic material and even number of constant magnets directed towards each other by similar poles and solenoid coils and magnetic tips are located between constant magnets.
 Dc machine with liquid metal switch / 2441309
Closest analog of the proposed DC machine (DCM) is a DCM with a mechanical switch, a collector with sliding brush contacts. The mentioned machine has some disadvantages in its structural design, consisting in the fact that it comprises rotary anchor winding and collector, on the surface of which several pairs of brush contacts are sliding continuously in process of operation of this machine. It results in intense wear of sliding and contacting parts due to sliding friction, and accordingly to narrowing of the application field of such machine as a result of sparking that occurs. Besides, rotary anchor windings to a certain extent limit the angular speed of its rotor. In the design of the proposed DCM the anchor winding is fixed, and an inducer rotates, comprising permanent magnets and a central magnetic conductor installed on a common rotation shaft, at the same time a liquid metal switch is applied, which consists of neighbouring dielectic bases of four cylindrical metal reservoirs that are somewhat filled with electroconductive fluids, and such bases have holes for free insertion of a rotation shaft, and in the first two reservoirs that are connected accordingly to direct and reverse wires of anchor winding, on a rotation shaft there is one electroconductive disc installed on each one, slightly submerged into the specified fluids with sharp edges, every of which is electrically connected to according diametrally arranged pairs of metal sectors of two adjacent combined discs, also installed in the next two reservoirs connected accordingly to positive and negative terminals of outer DC voltage source. As DC voltage is supplied to a liquid metal switch, currents leaking through windings of the anchor winding will start interacting with the magnetic field of the inducer. Then the rotor will start rotating, and after a half-turn, instead of the first ones, the next metal sectors of combined discs will be submerged in the electroconductive fluids, and each disc will already be electrically connected to other metal discs of the switch. As a result, in the anchor winding there will be a current of another direction opposite to the initial one. But since at that time the permanent magnets of the inducer shift places, directions of electromagnet forces acting at the rotor will remain unchanged. In the generator mode when rotating all discs of the metal switch by an external motor synchronously to the inducer, positive and negative half-waves of the induced AC current of the anchor will always arrive to one and the same according terminals of the electric output of DCM, and at the same time DC current will be leaking in the external circuit.
 Dc machine with fixed collector / 2420850
Most close analogue of a proposed machine is a DC machine with a mechanical commutator, a collector with sliding brush contacts. The named machine has certain disadvantages in its design, consisting in the fact that it comprises rotary anchor winding and collector, on surface of the latter in which several pairs of brush contacts slide continuously during its operation. It results in intense wear of its parts sliding against each other from sliding friction, in narrowing of its application field due to sparking that occurs then between them. Besides, the rotary anchor windings somewhat limit the possible maximum angular speed of its rotor rotation. In the proposed DC machine design the anchor winding is fixed, and an inductor rotates, being made of permanent magnets and a central magnetic conductor, installed on a common rotation shaft, besides, instead the movable collector with the brush contacts sliding on them, it applies a fixed collector, made of three hollows cylinders, in inner surfaces of which two pairs of diametrically opposite electroconductive caterpillars move simultaneously, being displaced from each other not only along the rotation shaft by the required distance, but also by 90 degrees along the circle. In this case the fixed collector with electroconductive caterpillars at any time of the rotor rotation provides such current directions in the anchor winding, when in the area of poles of the permanent magnets of various polarity there will always be conductors with opposite directions of the currents. With such distribution of the anchor currents, electromagnet forces from their interaction with the magnetic field of the inductor will act in concord, which makes it possible for the machine to develop a maximum torque. In the generator mode, AC currents are available in the anchor winding conductors of the proposed DC machine, and they arrive along the connecting wires to the fixed collector with movable electroconductive caterpillars, by means of which they will flow into the outer circuit as a certain load, but already as rectified.
 Salient-pole commutator magnetoelectric machine / 2414797
Power supply to proposed magnetoelectric machines at their operation in mode of motors can be performed not only from stationary electric AC mains of commercial frequency with its further conversion to DC, but also from movable and portable independent direct current sources (minielectric power stations, storage batteries and galvanic power elements). Salient-pole commutator magnetoelectric machine includes salient poles of inductor, which are excited with constant magnets, armature with salient poles, commutator, mechanism of brush-and-contact assembly with brushes, closed subsequent (wave) coil armature winding consisting of coils each of which is located on the appropriate salient pole of armature. At that, it is necessary to follow certain ratios between the number of inductor poles and the number of armature poles, as well as to make poles of inductor and poles of armature with certain width of pole arc, and commutator bars of commutator and brushes of certain width and certain number.
 Electric engine of direct current / 2391760
According to invention in disclosed here electric engine of direct current, consisting of stator with magnetic conductors with coils, rotor and collector with brushes, rotor corresponds to shaft whereon two permanent magnets of different polarity are arranged symmetrically relative to one another. Each permanent magnet has C-shaped cross section. The magnets are fixed on the shaft with equal gaps between their end sections. The collector is made with plates out of electric conducting material; also the plates are set parallel to each other on the rotor shaft. Two end plates are made as rings; a brush designed for interaction with a corresponding ring is arranged over each ring. Also the first brush is connected to a positive terminal of a power supply, while the second brush is connected to a negative terminal of the power supply. Four pair of plates of C-shaped profile in cross section (C-shaped elements) are installed between the rings. Notably, each pair is formed with two C-shaped elements facing each other with their concave surfaces and installed with a gap "b" between their end sections; adjacent C-shaped elements are installed with a gap "a" relative to each other. The brush is located over each pair of C-shaped elements; the brush is designed to interact with the C-shaped element of a corresponding pair; the first adjacent C-shaped elements of the first and the second pair electrically are connected with different rings. Also the second C-shaped element of the first pair is electrically connected with the first C-shaped element of the second pair; while the second C-shaped element of the second pair is electrically connected with the first C-shaped element of the first pair. The third pair of C-shaped element is placed next to the second pair. The fourth pair of C-shaped element is placed next to the third pair. Additionally, the first C-shaped element of the fourth pair is arranged next to the first C-shaped element of the third pair. Correspondingly, the second C-shaped element of the third pair is arranged next to the second C-shaped element of the fourth pair. The first C-shaped element of the third pair is electrically connected with the same ring, as the first C-shaped element of the first pair. The first C-shaped element of the fourt pair is electrically connected with the same ring, as the first C-shaped element of the second pair. The second C-shaped element of the third pair is electrically connected to the first C-shaped element of the fourth pair. The second C-shaped element of the fourth pair is electrically connected to the first C-shaped element of the third pair. The first and the second pairs of C-shaped elements are identically mounted on the rotor shaft, notably: C-shaped elements are arranged opposite one another, correspondingly, gaps "b" between their end sections are also arranged opposite one another. The third and the fourth pairs of C-shaped elements are also identically mounted on the rotor shaft. The first and the second pair of C-shaped element are turned relative to C-shaped elements of the third and the fourth pair at 90°; layer magnetic conductors fixed relative to a base are uniformly arranged around rotor envelope running along external surfaces of permanent magnets. Magnetic conductors are set with the gap relative to one another and relative to permanent magnets; envelope of external surfaces of magnetic conductors has a shape close a cylinder one; the shaft of the rotor, envelope of external surfaces of permanent magnets and envelope of external surfaces of magnetic conductors have common symmetry axis coinciding to rotation axis of the rotor shaft. The stator consists of at least four magnetic conductors. They are of T-shape and are arranged at angle of 90° to each other, i.e. crosswise. Coil is wound on a central section of each T-shaped magnetic conductor. U-shaped magnetic conductors are located next to each T-shaped magnetic conductor on its both sides. Coils of two opposite T-shaped magnetic conductors (installed at 180° relative to each other), the first and the second, correspondingly, are oppositely directed, left and right, correspondingly, and series connected. Also the input terminal of the first coil and the output terminal of the second coil are electrically tied with brushes over the first and the second pairs of the C-shaped elements. Coils of two other opposite T-shaped magnetic conductors, the third and the fourth, correspondingly, are also oppositely directed, left and right, correspondingly, and are in series connected. The input terminal of the third coil and the output terminal of the fourth coil are electrically connected with the brushes over the third and the fourth pairs of the C-shaped elements.
 Collector magnetic electric machine with pole anchor / 2390088
Invention may be used as power micro-motors and tachometre generators in automatic devices, and also power electric motors and DC generators with capacity of up to several kW in all fields of economy. Proposed collector magnetic electric machine with pole anchor comprises explicit inductor poles excited by permanent magnets, anchor with explicit poles, collector, mechanism of brush-contact unit with brushes, closed drum simple serial (wave) coil winding of anchor made by coils, every of which is located on according explicit anchor pole and comprises one or several turns. Besides it is necessary to observe certain ratios between number of inductor explicit poles and number of anchor explicit poles, and also to make poles of inductor and poles of anchor with a certain width of pole arc, and collector plates of collector and brushes - with a certain width and certain number. This magnetic electric machine may be used as DC generators and motors with independent excitation from permanent magnets.
 Module - disk universal electric machine of belashov / 2368994
Invention is related to the field of electric engineering and concerns particular features of structural design of the first in the world module-disk universal electric machine, which has multiple multi-turn windings of even or odd number of rows passing through homogeneous magnetic field of one or many magnetic systems of stator, without any variations of voltage and current, where amplitude of DC signal does not vary its characteristics in time. Invention is intended for application as slow-speed generator of DC or AC, superhigh-speed electric machine of DC, AC motor or large-scale linear motor of DC and AC. Substance of invention consists in the fact that module-disk universal electric machine comprises left and right base of body, where even or odd number of stator excitation magnetic systems rows are located in uniform gaps and interacting between each other by opposite poles. Magnetic systems of stator excitation may be made of permanent magnets, electromagnets and their combination. Inside module there is a movable rigidity with even or uneven number of cylindrical dielectric rotors, detachable shaft and facility of shaft fixation. Each cylindrical rotor comprises multiple multiturn windings, which via split joint are electrically connected with contact plates, and current-collecting ring of quick-detachable composite collector. Multiple multiturn windings of even or odd number of rows may have parallel, serial or mixed connection of conductors. Working part of multiple multiturn windings of each row should correspond to height of each magnet of southern and magnet of northern pole. Each cylindrical rotor is fixed on movable rigidity and is divided into multiple sectors, which are located via uniform gaps, and inside each sector multiple multiturn windings have working and nonworking parts of windings. Brush mechanism, having current-conducting spring-loaded brushes, interacts with quick-detachable composite collector, device of electric energy transfer and calibration device including system of automatic regulation and control. For accurate insertion of multiple multiturn windings into each working sector, working contact plates are mechanically connected with current conducting spring-loaded brush, calibration device and system of automatic regulation and control, and nonworking contact plates of quick-detachable collector should correspond to width of current-conducting spring-loaded brush. On left and right external base of movable rigidity there are swinging or sliding elements connected to bases of body.
 Electric motor on permanent magnets in rotor / 2368054
Invention relates to electrical engineering, particularly to electrical industry objects, as well as specific design features of electric motors. A direct current motor is proposed, in which the stator and the rotor are multipolar. The rotor is made from permanent magnets using two of their sides. The permanent magnets are attached to an electrically insulating base, and the stator consists of two parts placed on both sides of the rotor. Windings of two parts of the stator are wavelike, and the number of electromagnets they form for each part of the stator equals the number of permanent magnets of the rotor. Windings of the parts of the stator are connected for simultaneous effect on all rotor poles with provision for its unidirectional rotation.
Electric motor on permanent magnets in rotor / 2368054
Invention relates to electrical engineering, particularly to electrical industry objects, as well as specific design features of electric motors. A direct current motor is proposed, in which the stator and the rotor are multipolar. The rotor is made from permanent magnets using two of their sides. The permanent magnets are attached to an electrically insulating base, and the stator consists of two parts placed on both sides of the rotor. Windings of two parts of the stator are wavelike, and the number of electromagnets they form for each part of the stator equals the number of permanent magnets of the rotor. Windings of the parts of the stator are connected for simultaneous effect on all rotor poles with provision for its unidirectional rotation.
Module - disk universal electric machine of belashov / 2368994
Invention is related to the field of electric engineering and concerns particular features of structural design of the first in the world module-disk universal electric machine, which has multiple multi-turn windings of even or odd number of rows passing through homogeneous magnetic field of one or many magnetic systems of stator, without any variations of voltage and current, where amplitude of DC signal does not vary its characteristics in time. Invention is intended for application as slow-speed generator of DC or AC, superhigh-speed electric machine of DC, AC motor or large-scale linear motor of DC and AC. Substance of invention consists in the fact that module-disk universal electric machine comprises left and right base of body, where even or odd number of stator excitation magnetic systems rows are located in uniform gaps and interacting between each other by opposite poles. Magnetic systems of stator excitation may be made of permanent magnets, electromagnets and their combination. Inside module there is a movable rigidity with even or uneven number of cylindrical dielectric rotors, detachable shaft and facility of shaft fixation. Each cylindrical rotor comprises multiple multiturn windings, which via split joint are electrically connected with contact plates, and current-collecting ring of quick-detachable composite collector. Multiple multiturn windings of even or odd number of rows may have parallel, serial or mixed connection of conductors. Working part of multiple multiturn windings of each row should correspond to height of each magnet of southern and magnet of northern pole. Each cylindrical rotor is fixed on movable rigidity and is divided into multiple sectors, which are located via uniform gaps, and inside each sector multiple multiturn windings have working and nonworking parts of windings. Brush mechanism, having current-conducting spring-loaded brushes, interacts with quick-detachable composite collector, device of electric energy transfer and calibration device including system of automatic regulation and control. For accurate insertion of multiple multiturn windings into each working sector, working contact plates are mechanically connected with current conducting spring-loaded brush, calibration device and system of automatic regulation and control, and nonworking contact plates of quick-detachable collector should correspond to width of current-conducting spring-loaded brush. On left and right external base of movable rigidity there are swinging or sliding elements connected to bases of body.
Collector magnetic electric machine with pole anchor / 2390088
Invention may be used as power micro-motors and tachometre generators in automatic devices, and also power electric motors and DC generators with capacity of up to several kW in all fields of economy. Proposed collector magnetic electric machine with pole anchor comprises explicit inductor poles excited by permanent magnets, anchor with explicit poles, collector, mechanism of brush-contact unit with brushes, closed drum simple serial (wave) coil winding of anchor made by coils, every of which is located on according explicit anchor pole and comprises one or several turns. Besides it is necessary to observe certain ratios between number of inductor explicit poles and number of anchor explicit poles, and also to make poles of inductor and poles of anchor with a certain width of pole arc, and collector plates of collector and brushes - with a certain width and certain number. This magnetic electric machine may be used as DC generators and motors with independent excitation from permanent magnets.
Electric engine of direct current / 2391760
According to invention in disclosed here electric engine of direct current, consisting of stator with magnetic conductors with coils, rotor and collector with brushes, rotor corresponds to shaft whereon two permanent magnets of different polarity are arranged symmetrically relative to one another. Each permanent magnet has C-shaped cross section. The magnets are fixed on the shaft with equal gaps between their end sections. The collector is made with plates out of electric conducting material; also the plates are set parallel to each other on the rotor shaft. Two end plates are made as rings; a brush designed for interaction with a corresponding ring is arranged over each ring. Also the first brush is connected to a positive terminal of a power supply, while the second brush is connected to a negative terminal of the power supply. Four pair of plates of C-shaped profile in cross section (C-shaped elements) are installed between the rings. Notably, each pair is formed with two C-shaped elements facing each other with their concave surfaces and installed with a gap "b" between their end sections; adjacent C-shaped elements are installed with a gap "a" relative to each other. The brush is located over each pair of C-shaped elements; the brush is designed to interact with the C-shaped element of a corresponding pair; the first adjacent C-shaped elements of the first and the second pair electrically are connected with different rings. Also the second C-shaped element of the first pair is electrically connected with the first C-shaped element of the second pair; while the second C-shaped element of the second pair is electrically connected with the first C-shaped element of the first pair. The third pair of C-shaped element is placed next to the second pair. The fourth pair of C-shaped element is placed next to the third pair. Additionally, the first C-shaped element of the fourth pair is arranged next to the first C-shaped element of the third pair. Correspondingly, the second C-shaped element of the third pair is arranged next to the second C-shaped element of the fourth pair. The first C-shaped element of the third pair is electrically connected with the same ring, as the first C-shaped element of the first pair. The first C-shaped element of the fourt pair is electrically connected with the same ring, as the first C-shaped element of the second pair. The second C-shaped element of the third pair is electrically connected to the first C-shaped element of the fourth pair. The second C-shaped element of the fourth pair is electrically connected to the first C-shaped element of the third pair. The first and the second pairs of C-shaped elements are identically mounted on the rotor shaft, notably: C-shaped elements are arranged opposite one another, correspondingly, gaps "b" between their end sections are also arranged opposite one another. The third and the fourth pairs of C-shaped elements are also identically mounted on the rotor shaft. The first and the second pair of C-shaped element are turned relative to C-shaped elements of the third and the fourth pair at 90°; layer magnetic conductors fixed relative to a base are uniformly arranged around rotor envelope running along external surfaces of permanent magnets. Magnetic conductors are set with the gap relative to one another and relative to permanent magnets; envelope of external surfaces of magnetic conductors has a shape close a cylinder one; the shaft of the rotor, envelope of external surfaces of permanent magnets and envelope of external surfaces of magnetic conductors have common symmetry axis coinciding to rotation axis of the rotor shaft. The stator consists of at least four magnetic conductors. They are of T-shape and are arranged at angle of 90° to each other, i.e. crosswise. Coil is wound on a central section of each T-shaped magnetic conductor. U-shaped magnetic conductors are located next to each T-shaped magnetic conductor on its both sides. Coils of two opposite T-shaped magnetic conductors (installed at 180° relative to each other), the first and the second, correspondingly, are oppositely directed, left and right, correspondingly, and series connected. Also the input terminal of the first coil and the output terminal of the second coil are electrically tied with brushes over the first and the second pairs of the C-shaped elements. Coils of two other opposite T-shaped magnetic conductors, the third and the fourth, correspondingly, are also oppositely directed, left and right, correspondingly, and are in series connected. The input terminal of the third coil and the output terminal of the fourth coil are electrically connected with the brushes over the third and the fourth pairs of the C-shaped elements.
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FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to an electric motor mounted on the transport vehicle and to a gear motor. The motor with short-circuiting equipotential segments mounted at its collector (10); brushes (21) consisting of a low-speed brush (21a), a high-speed brush (21b) and a common brush (21c). Circumferential width (W2) of the high-speed brush is less than circumferential width (W1) of the low-speed brush. The high- and low-speed brushes are made so that their simultaneous sliding contact with equipotential segments (15) is excluded. Besides, armature cores (8) are made so that a variety of teeth (12) are placed centrally and symmetrically around the rotary shaft (3) at equal space in direction along the circumference, and teeth and slots (13) are formed so that their position is alternated in 90 degrees in direction along the circumference. EFFECT: reduction of vibration and noise, provision of miniaturisation and high efficiency of the motor. 6 cl, 5 dwg
The technical field to which the invention relates. The present invention relates to a motor that is installed, for example, in the vehicle, and the motor-reducer. Prior art Brush motors usually are often used as actuators automotive wiper. In the motor of this type has multiple permanent magnets arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical stator and an armature mounted for rotation within the stator. The armature includes a core, which made a lot of radially directed teeth. In the axial direction, between the corresponding teeth formed many long slots, and the coil is formed by winding magnet wires between the slots at intervals using a method of winding overlap. The inductor is electrically connected with the collector, which is installed and fixed on the outside of the rotating shaft, so that it was located near the armature core. The collector consists of a set of metallic segments, which are arranged in the circumferential direction are mutually isolated, and the beginning and end of the winding coil induct is vnesti connected to each segment. In addition, segments respectively connected to the brushes so as to form a sliding contact with the segments, and the power supply to the corresponding coil is fed through a brush. Also in the inductor, which is receiving electrical power, creates a magnetic field and the rotating shaft is driven by the magnetic force of attraction or repulsion that occurs between the permanent magnets in the stator. Due to the fact that lately there is a need for small size and high performance engines wipers, the present invention discloses a technology for creating multiple poles with 4 magnetic poles (2 pairs of poles) and lots of grooves, providing motor high power, when the four brushes are arranged in the circumferential direction and allow the motor to operate with variable speed (for example, see Japan's bid, 2006-353019). In this case, the motor current supplied to the coil in each mode of operation: slow, medium and fast changing due to schema changes zapisywania four brushes. Due to this construction, the rotational speed of the motor with 4 magnetic poles and lots of grooves in each of the modes may change. A summary of the image is possible The problem solved by the invention In the above-described engine, the four permanent magnets arranged in the stator, formed the appropriate clearances. This allows you to amplify changes in magnetic flux between the permanent magnets and the gap, and both peripheral end of each of the permanent magnet acting as a border. Therefore, the passage of each tooth next to both peripheral ends of each permanent magnet, the magnetic force of attraction or repulsion acting on the teeth varies considerably, thereby creating a break-out torque. As a result, the vibration and noise in the motor increase. The invention was developed with consideration of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a motor operating with variable speed, and the motor-reducer, which allow to reduce vibration and noise and thus have small size and high performance. The invention relates to a motor comprising a stator, the number of pairs of poles which is equal to 2, and the anchor is installed in the stator on the bearings. The anchor includes a rotating shaft, and the armature core is connected with a rotating shaft, at anchor there are many teeth passing in a radial is upravlenii, that allows you to wrap around the coil, as well as many of the slots formed between the teeth and held in the axial direction; the collector is mounted on the rotary shaft so that he was near the armature core, there is a set of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. Brush, feed the power supply to the inductor through the segments are in sliding contact with the segments. In the first embodiment of the invention, the manifold is equipped with short trailing elements that shorts ravnoapostolnye segments. In addition, the brushes consist of three types: low-speed brush, the high-speed brush, and brush, shared low-speed and high-speed brushes that are located opposite each other in the circumferential direction. Circumferential width of the high-speed brush is less than the circumferential width of the low-speed brush, with high-speed brush and the low speed brush is designed in such a way as to prevent their simultaneous sliding contact with ravnoapostolnymi segments. In addition, the cores anchors are designed so that many teeth are Central-symmetrically around the rotating shaft at equal intervals in the direction along the OCD is gnosti, and the teeth 12 and the grooves 13 formed in such a way that their position is alternately changed through 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. According to the second variant of the invention, the number of teeth and the number of grooves is selected multiple of 7, 9 or 11 the number of pairs of poles. By the third variant embodiment of the invention, the outer diameter of the collector is selected in the range of 20 mm or more 30 mm or less. According to the fourth variant embodiment of the invention, the circumferential width of the low speed brush and a common brush is selected in the range from 2.5 mm or more to 5 mm or less. According to the fifth variant embodiment of the invention, the circumferential width of the high-speed brush is selected in the range from 1.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. In addition, according to the sixth variant embodiment of the invention proposes a motor-reducer with electric motor according to any one of the above embodiments from the first to the fifth, the worm shaft is coupled to the rotating shaft of the electric motor and worm gear engaged with the worm shaft. The technical result of the invention According to the invention the cores anchors are designed so that many teeth are Central-symmetrically around the rotating shaft at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the tooth is I'm 12 and grooves 13 are formed so that their position is alternately changed through 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. Accordingly, if the number of pairs of poles is 2, the relative position between the magnetic North pole N and the tooth and the groove facing the magnetic pole N and a relative position between the magnetic pole S and the tooth and the groove facing the magnetic pole S, may vary. Therefore, the creation time of the break-out torque on the tooth (in the groove), passing through the North magnetic pole N and the creation time of the break-out torque on the tooth (in the groove), passing through the South magnetic pole S, can be shifted. Due to this, the creep torque of the entire armature is reduced, thereby reducing the vibration and noise of the motor. In addition, choosing the number of teeth and the number of the slots is a multiple of 7, 9 or 11, the number of pairs of poles, it is possible to form multiple grooves, reducing vibration and noise. Due to this, it is possible to obtain a high-performance motor and a motor-reducer. In addition, since the brushes consist of three brushes: a low-speed brush, the high-speed brush and a common brush, shared low-speed and high-speed brush, the number of parts for variable speed change can be reduced compared with the previous level is ehniki. In addition, the circumferential width of the high-speed brush is smaller than the circumferential width of the low-speed brush, with high-speed brush and the low speed brush is designed in such a way as to prevent their simultaneous sliding contact with ravnoapostolnymi segments. Therefore, the circumferential width of the segments is reduced compared to the prior art, which easily allows to achieve miniaturization of the collector. As a result, it reduces the size of the motor as a whole. In this case, when the motor operation at low speed due to the fact that the unused high-speed brush is in sliding contact with the segments, differences might occur because of the amount of inductance in a different circuit and cause fluctuations in the electric current flowing through the respective coils, and as a result, vibration and noise of the motor can be increased. However, the impact of high-speed brush while rotating at a low speed can be reduced if you make the circumferential width of the high-speed brush less than the circumferential width of the low-speed brush. Due to this, you can get the motor and geared motor with reduced vibration and noise. Brief description of drawings Figure 1 shows in plan m is a torus gear according to one of the embodiments of the invention. Figure 2 shows a view in longitudinal section of the gear motor according to one of the embodiments of the invention. Figure 3 shows a view in cross section of a motor according to one of the embodiments of the invention. Figure 4 shows a view in the direction of the arrow As in figure 2. Figure 5 shows a diagram of a stator according to one of the embodiments of the invention. Description of embodiments Next, with reference to the drawings will be considered one of the embodiments of the invention. As shown in figures 1 through 3, the geared motor 1 is used, for example, to drive a wiper of the vehicle and includes a motor 2 and the gear 4 connected to the rotating shaft 3 of the motor 2. The motor 2 has a stator 5 and the armature 6, a swivel mounted inside the stator 5. The tubular portion 53 of the stator 5 is formed essentially in the form of a cylinder, and four permanent magnet 7 segment are located at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the tubular portion, so that the magnetic poles of alternately changing. That is, the number of pairs of poles of the permanent magnets 7 are located in the stator 5 is 2. In the end part 51 of the stator 5 is made salient part 19, in which the us is bowlen bearing 18, holding one of the ends of the rotating shaft 3. In addition, the outer surface of the stator 5 is painted in black color. Similar to the black color allows you to increase heat dissipation from the stator 5 and the lower the temperature of the electric motor 2. The holes 53A in the tubular part 53 has an external flange portion 52. On the outer flange portion 52 is formed a bolt hole (not shown). Through a similar bolt hole is inserted a bolt 24, the stator 5 is fixed and rigidly fixed to the gear 4 by tightening the bolt in the bolt hole (not shown)formed in the casing 23 (which will be discussed below) gear 4. The anchor 6 is mounted outside of the rotating shaft 3 and includes a fixed core 8 of the armature coil 9 of the inductance of the armature is wound around the armature core 8, and the collector 10, located at the other end of the rotating shaft 3. Each armature core 8 is formed of layered plates (laminated core)made of magnetic material, bonded by pressing or similar manner in the axial direction or punching (ferrite core) soft magnetic powder, and has an essentially round case 11. Eighteen teeth 12, having an essentially T-shaped in the axial plane, are arranged radially at equal intervals in the circumferential direction is on the outer peripheral part of the housing 11 of the core. Each of the teeth 12 consists of a winding drum section 31, which passes radially and around which is wound magnet wire 14 and the peripheral wall section 32, which is located at the end of the winding drum section 31 and is held so that it was located symmetrically in relation to the winding drum section 31. That is, the peripheral wall section 32, located at the end of the tooth 12 to form the outer peripheral surface of the armature core 8, and a peripheral wall section 32 is set at the position at which the peripheral wall section facing the permanent magnet 7. Eighteen grooves 13 "dovetail" is located between adjacent teeth 12 due to the position of the teeth 12 radially on the outer peripheral part of the housing 11 of the core. The grooves 13 are held in the axial direction and formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Enameled magnet wire 14 is inserted between the slots 13, and then wrapping the wire 14 is wound around the winding drum section 31 of the tooth 12 on insulator (not shown)made of an insulating material. Thus, on the outer peripheral side of the armature core 8 is formed by a set of anchor coils 9 inductance. In this case, when eighteen C the tooth tops 12 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, all the teeth 12 and the grooves 13 arranged centrally symmetrically around the rotating shaft 3. On the other hand, the relative position of the teeth 12 and grooves 13 are alternately changed through 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. That is, as in this embodiment, there are four permanent electromagnet 7 (the number of magnetic poles is four, the number of pairs of poles is equal to two and, respectively, is used eighteen teeth 12 and grooves 13). That is, the number of teeth 12 and grooves 13) 9 times the number of pairs of poles. In addition, all of the teeth 12 and the grooves 13 arranged centrally symmetrically around the rotating shaft 3, and the relative position of the teeth 12 and grooves 13 is changed through 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. Thus, the relative position between the magnetic North pole N of the permanent magnet 7 and each of the teeth 12, facing such a magnet, and a relative position between the magnetic pole S of the permanent magnet 7 and each of the teeth 12, facing such a magnet is shifted by a distance equal to half the width of the groove 13 in the circumferential direction. The collector 10 is inserted from the outside and still attached closer to the other end of the rotating shaft 3 than the core 8 of the anchor. Eighteen segments 15, formed from about tamago material, fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 10. The segments 15 are made of plate metal parts, elongated in the axial direction, which are fixedly mounted in parallel at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the position in which the segments are isolated from each other. The outer diameter D1 of the collector 10 is selected in the range of 20 mm or more 30 mm or less. At the end of each segment 15 from the side of the armature core 8, integrally formed lifting 16, curved in the direction opposite from the outer diameter side. Magnet wire 14, which is the beginning of the winding and the end of the winding coil 9 of the inductance of the armature down to lift 16, magnet wire 14 is stationary mounted in the hoist 16 reflow or similar. Thus, the segment 15 and the coil 9 of the inductance of the armature for a given segment are electrically connected with each other. In addition, the connecting wires 40, respectively, down to the risers 15, which ravnoapostolnymi segments 15, i.e. segments (each pair of segments 15 are separated in nine provisions under this option implementation), facing each other around the rotating shaft 3, the connecting wires 40 are mounted in a stationary rises 16 reflow or similar. The connecting wires 4 are used to join short ravnoapostolnyh segments 15 with each other and are held between the collector 10 and the armature core 8. The manifold 10 so constructed, installed at the position at which the collector facing the casing 23 of the reduction gear 4. The casing 23 consists of a housing 42, which is formed essentially in the shape of a box with a hole 42A on one of its surfaces and accommodates a gear group 41 of the reduction gear 4, and the cover 43 covering the hole 42A of the housing 42. Section 22, which holds the brush, formed in the housing 42 from the motor 2, and the collector of the electric motor 2 is turned in the direction of the plot containing the brush. As shown in figures 2 through 4, section 22, containing the brush is located in the recess formed in the casing 23 of the crankcase side of the motor 2. The peripheral wall 30 of section 22, containing the brush is formed so that in cross section it is essentially oval in shape and consists of straight walls 30A and arched walls 30b. Cover 33 having a cross-sectional shape of the tube is essentially oval in shape, so that it fits the plot containing the brush is within the area 22, which holds the brush. The cover 33 also has straight walls 33a and arched wall 33b. In addition, the inside of the cover 33 is a fixing device 34, is designed to match the cover 33. The fixing device 34 is pinned and fixed is in the side wall 42b of the housing 42 by means of bolts 35. The holders 36 brushes are located in three places in the circumferential direction of the fixing device 34. Brushes 21 are mounted, respectively, within the holders 36 brushes so that they went out and came back in the brush holder in position when the brush accordingly rejected by the spring S. As the tips of the brushes 21 are rejected by the springs S, the tips of the brushes are in sliding contact with the collector 10 and through the brush 21 to the reservoir 10 is supplied to the power supply (not shown) from an external source. Brushes 21 are composed of a low-speed brush 21A and the high-speed brush 21b, which are connected to the anode, and a common brush C shared low-speed brush 21A and the high-speed brush 21b which is connected to the cathode. Low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C are mutually offset by 180° in phase, i.e. offset by a mechanical angle of 90° in the circumferential direction. Meanwhile, the high-speed brush 21b is offset from the low-speed brush 21A at an angle α in the circumferential direction. In addition, although in the present embodiment, it was said that General brush s is used as a cathode, and a low-speed brush 21A and the high-speed brush 21b is used as the anode, the anode and cathode can be swapped. Under this var is the ant implementation of the electrical resistance of the high-speed brush 21b is chosen so it was two or more times greater than the values of electric resistance of the low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C. Thus, the value of current when the electric current flows through the coil 9 of the inductance of the armature via a high-speed brush 21A can be reduced. Due to this, when applying an electric current to the coil 9 of the inductance of the armature via a high-speed brush 21A and the rotation of the armature 6 of the motor 2 with a high speed, the current value of large power (current stalled motor)that is supplied to the coil 9 of the armature inductance can be reduced, if the rotation of the armature 6 is stopped (arrested) by the external load. Consequently, it is possible in advance to avoid damaging any components that protect the circuit, for example, fuses are available in the device. In this case, since ravnoapostolnye segments 15 of the collector 10, i.e. the segments 15, facing each other around the rotary shaft 3, closed short connecting wires 40, it is possible to power even into segments, with which the brushes 21 are not in sliding contact. Accordingly, high-speed brush 21b is in position, which is shifted by the angle Θ relative to the low-speed brush 21A. In addition, in this variant implementation, the angle Θ is equal to 30 deg is himself. Due to the location of the respective brushes with 21A on s this way, you can make cut-outs in parts of the cover 33 and the fixing device 34 where the brush 21A on s missing. That is, the cover 33 can be made so that in cross section it had, essentially, an oval shape, and a low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C can be located near the connecting areas between the straight walls 33a and arched walls 33b. On the other hand, the high-speed brush 21b may be located at the arch wall 33b of the cover 33, on the opposite side of the rotating shaft 3 from places in the lid, which has a low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C. Therefore, section 22, containing the brush may be made so that in cross section it was, essentially, an oval shape, area 22, which holds the brush can also flatten. In addition, as shown in figure 3, the circumferential width of the brushes W1, through which the low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C are in sliding contact with the reservoir 10, is almost the same. Meanwhile, the circumferential width of the brushes W2, through which the high-speed brush 21b is in sliding contact with the reservoir 10, is less than the width W1 of low-speed brush 21A. In particular, if the external diameter of the collector 10 is selected in the range from 20 mm or b is more than 30 mm or less, the width W1 of low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C is selected in the range from 2.5 mm or more to 5 mm or less. On the other hand, the width W2 of the high-speed brush 21b is selected in the range from 1.5 mm or more but less than 2.5 mm By choosing the width W1 of low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C, and the width W2 of the high-speed brush 21b similarly, it is possible to avoid a situation where the low-speed brush 21A and the high-speed brush 21b are simultaneously in sliding contact with the same segment 15. That is, for example, low-speed brush 21A can even be installed in a centrally symmetric her position relative to the rotating shaft 3 through the connection wire 40 to the collector 10 (see point-to-point dotted line on figure 3). In this case, the gap between the low-speed brush 21A and the high-speed brush 21b becomes almost the same as the gap between adjacent segments 15. However, since the width W2 of the high-speed brush 21b is smaller than the width W1 of low-speed brush 21A, it is possible to avoid a situation where the low-speed brush 21A and the high-speed brush 21b are simultaneously in sliding contact with the same segment 15. The same can be said about the relationship between high-speed brush 21b and the common brush C. That is, the high-speed brush 21b may Dagestanians in a centrally symmetric her position relative to the rotating shaft 3 through the connection wire 40 to the collector 10. However, since the width W2 of the high-speed brush 21b is smaller than the width W1 of the overall brush s, you can avoid the high-speed brush 21b and the common brush C at the same time are in sliding contact with the same segment 15. As shown in figures 1 and 2, a gear 41, which is located in the housing 42 of the casing 23 of the reduction gear comprises a worm shaft 25 coupled with the rotating shaft 3 of the motor 2, a stepped gear wheel 26, which engages with the worm shaft 25 and spur wheel 27 which engages with the stepped gear wheel 26. One end of the worm shaft 25 is connected with the rotating shaft 3 and the other end mounted in the bearing in the housing 42. Speed gear wheel 26 is made in one with the worm wheel 28, which engages with the worm shaft 25, the gear wheel 29 of small diameter, having a diameter less than that of the worm wheel 28. Shaft driven gear 61 is pressed in the radial center of the stepped gear wheel 26. The shaft 61 driven gear is in the direction opposite from the toothed wheel 29 small diameter, and such protruding end 61A is installed in the bearing housing 42. On the other hand, the edge of the toothed wheel 29 small diameter, located on the opposite side from the end 61A of the shaft 61 driven gear, the mouth is attached in the bearing in the cover 43. Thus, a stepped gear wheel 26 at both ends mounted in the bearing in the housing 42 and the cover 43. Spur wheel 27 engages with a toothed wheel 29 of the small diameter stepped gears 26. In the radial center of the cylindrical primesourcing wheel 27 is formed protruding section 65 so that it protrudes in the direction of the cover 43. The protruding section 65 rests on the lid 43. In addition, the output shaft 62 is pressed into the exposed area 65. The output shaft 62 protrudes from the bottom wall (end of section) 42s housing 42. The protruding section 63 is formed in part of the lower wall 42s body 42 corresponding to the output shaft 62, so that he acted out. The protruding section 63 is equipped with a bearing 64. On the part of the output shaft 62 projecting out of the housing 42, is formed with a tapered section 66. On tapering section 66 is made with fine toothing 67. Due to this, for example, a driven element of the drive mechanism of a wiper or a similar mechanism and an output shaft 62 can be connected to each other. In addition, in the side wall 42b of the housing 42 has a connector 68, the speaker in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 3. Connector 68 is designed for supplying power from an external source to the electric motor 2. In the connecting hole 69 of the connector 68 has a terminal 70, the terminal 70's electric the ski is connected with the brushes 21 (21A on s) of the motor 2. Thus, the power supply from an external source is supplied to the manifold 10 through the brush 21. In addition, on the edge of the housing 42 integrally formed hole 71 bolt for fastening the cover 43. The connecting protrusion 73 of the bolt hole (not shown)into which is inserted a bolt 72 is a part of the body 42 and cover 43, corresponding to the hole 71 of the bolt. With the passage of the bolt 72 through a connecting protrusion 73 and the screwing of the bolt 72 in the hole 71 of the bolt in the housing 42, the cover 43 is mounted and rigidly fixed in the housing 42. In addition, the cover 43 has a current distribution of the substrate 74, intended for electrical bonding terminals 70 of the connector 68 with brushes 21 of the motor 2. Current distribution the substrate 74 has a pattern (not shown), acting as lead wires. Next, with reference to figure 5 may be considered the principle of winding magnet wire 14 around the core 8 of the armature of the stator 6. Figure 5 shows a diagram of the stator 6, where the gap between adjacent teeth 12 corresponds to the groove 13. In addition, in the subsequent drawings when considering the respective segments 15 and the respective teeth 12 will be used data from a reference position. As shown in this figure, ravnoapostolnye segments 15 are closed short connecting wire is DAMI 40. That is, in this embodiment, each of the ninth segment 15 (for example, the first segment 15 and the tenth segment 15), respectively shorted short connecting wires 40. In this case, magnet wire 14 is composed of the first conductive wire 110, and the second conductive wire 120. In addition, figure 5, the first conductive wire 110 shown in solid lines, and the second conductive wire 120 is shown in dashed lines. The first conductive wire 110 is wound forward between each pair of random grooves 13 and 13, separated by three positions, and is wound in the opposite direction between the slots 13 and 13, which are respectively shifted by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction from an arbitrary grooves 13 and 13, thereby forming a winding wire from the first to the ninth, 161-169. The second conductive wire 120 is wound forward between each pair of random grooves 13 and 13, separated by three positions, and is wound in the opposite direction between the slots 13 and 13, which are respectively shifted by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction from an arbitrary grooves 13 and 13, thereby forming the other winding wire from the first to the ninth, 171-179. Magnet wire from the first to the ninth (161-169) and the other winding wire from the first to the ninth (171-179), respectively, are Central-symmetrically rotate around the egoa shaft 3. The first winding wire 161 formed by the first conductive wire 110, and other first winding wire 171 formed by the second conductive wire 120, are arranged so that they are facing each other around the rotary shaft 3, and the first pair of winding wires formed by winding a wire 161 and the wrapping wire 171. Similarly, the second pair of winding wires (162, 172), the third pair of winding wires (163, 173), the fourth pair of winding wires (164, 174), the fifth pair of winding wires (165, 175), the sixth pair of winding wires (166, 176), the seventh pair of winding wires (167, 177), the eighth pair of winding wires (168, 178) and the ninth pair of winding wires (169, 179) formed by winding wires from the second to the ninth, 162-169, as well as other winding wires with the second ninth, 172-179, respectively. Magnet wire from the first to the ninth, 161-169, respectively, are connected in series through nine connecting wires 40. On the other hand, other winding wire from the first to the ninth, 171-179, respectively, are connected in series through nine connecting wires 40. The beginning and end of each of the winding wires with 161 on 179 connected between adjacent segments 15 and 15. Magnet wire from the first to the ninth, 161-169, as well as other winding wire in first, de is Aty, 171-179, respectively, formed in this way between the slots 13 can be wound, for example, by using a winding machine with two switalski the flyers or similar equipment. Next, you will examine the work of the gear motor 1. When rotating at a low speed of electric motor 2 gear motor 1 power to the common brush s and low-speed brush 21A. At this point in the coils 9 of the inductance of the armature is wound around the armature core 8, it creates a magnetic field and between fields and the permanent magnets 7 arranged in the stator 5, there are magnetic forces of attraction or repulsion, resulting in the motion of the rotating shaft. On the other hand, when rotating at a high speed motor 2 operezhaetsya phase high-speed brush 21b and rotates at a greater speed than at low speed. After driving the rotating shaft 3, the movement through the gear 4 is transmitted to the output shaft 62. Since the external drive mechanism of a wiper or similar device associated with the output shaft 62, the external drive mechanism operates at the low speed or high speed, depending on the rotation of the output shaft 62. In addition, all of the teeth 12 and the grooves 13 of the electric motor 2 is located centrally symmetrically around the rotating shaft 3, and Rel the relative position of the teeth 12 and grooves 13 is changed through 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, i.e. offset by 180 degrees in phase. Thus, the relative position between the magnetic North pole N of the permanent magnet 7 and each of the teeth 12, facing such a magnet, and a relative position between the magnetic pole S of the permanent magnet 7 and each of the teeth 12, facing such a magnet is shifted by a distance equal to half the width of the groove 13 in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the creation time of the creep torque of the tooth 12 of the plot corresponding to the magnetic North pole N and the creation time of the creep torque of the tooth 12 of the plot, corresponding to the South magnetic pole S, shifted relative to each other. Therefore, the creep torque of each electric motor 2 is reduced. In addition, since the total power brush s and low-speed brush 21A when rotating at low speed, the power is not supplied to the high-speed brush 21b and it is not powered. Therefore, while high-speed brush 21b is in this position, sandwiched between adjacent segments 15 and 15, the segments 15 and 15 are closed short high-speed brush 21b. Also, magnet wire 14 connected only with closed short segments 15 and 15, forms a closed circuit. As a result, the amount of inductance in the equivalent is insert an equivalent electric circuit. At the same time, since the winding wire 14, which becomes a closed circuit due to the high-speed brush 21b, the magnetic flux in the winding wire 14 is generated induced voltage (protivoelektrodvizhushchej force) due to changes in the magnetic flux. Due to this induced voltage (protivoelektrodvizhushchej power) electric current instantly goes in the opposite direction to the feeding direction, making it difficult to change the current direction. This increases the irregularity of torque. However, under this option the implementation of the width W1 of low-speed brush 21A and the common brush C in the circumferential direction is almost the same, and the circumferential width W2 of the high-speed brush 21b is smaller than the width W1 of low-speed brush 21A (see figure 3). Therefore, the time during which the high-speed brush 21b shorts adjacent segments 15 and 15 may be selected, and the electric current supplied to the winding wire 14 in which is formed a closed circuit of high-speed brush 21b can be reduced. On the other hand, since at high rpm power is fed through the common brush C and high-speed brush 21b, the power supply on the low-speed brush 21A is not available and it is not powered. However, because inducirowannoe voltage (protivoelektrodvizhushchej force), worsen a change of current direction, to create a low-speed brush 21A harder, the influence of the low-speed brush 21A when rotating at high speeds almost no effect. Accordingly, the above-described variant of implementation, the number of pairs of poles is 2, i.e. the number of magnetic poles is four, and formed many slots (number of slots is a multiple of 7, 9 and 11 the number of pairs of poles). Thus, the creep torque can be reduced even in the motor 2 with variable speed. Due to this, it is possible to reduce the vibration and noise of the motor 2 (gear motor 1). In particular, increased irregularity of torque generated by the high-speed brush 21b, when rotating at a low speed can be reduced in comparison with the rotation at high speed. Because of this, when the rotation rate is low, you can further reduce the vibration and noise of the electric motor 2. In addition, by choosing the circumferential width W2 of the high-speed brush 21b is less than the circumferential width W1 of low-speed brush 21 a and the common brush C, it is possible to avoid a situation where the low-speed brush 21A and the high-speed brush 21b are simultaneously in sliding contact with the same segment 15. This allows you to create compact, high-performance electric motor 2 with lots of grooves. In addition e is Oh, since the geared motor 1 comprises a motor 2 and the gear 4 is connected with the rotating shaft 3 of the motor 2, it is possible to achieve miniaturization and high performance gear motor 1. In addition, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the above embodiment, as described above, an implementation option allows various modifications without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, in the above embodiment, the case when the core 8 of the armature of the electric motor 2 is used eighteen teeth 12, and the number of teeth 12 is selected 9 times the number of pairs of poles. Meanwhile, the number of teeth 12 that is not limited. Depending on the performance of many of the slots of the motor 2, it is desirable to select the number of the teeth 12 is a multiple of 7, 9 and 11 the number of pairs of poles. Industrial applicability As noted above, the invention allows to provide a motor operating with variable speed, and the motor-reducer, which can reduce the vibration and noise and thus have small size and high performance. The reference list of items 1: the MOTOR-REDUCER 2: MOTOR 3: ROTATING SHAFT 4: REDUCER 5: STATOR 6: ANCHOR 7: PERMANENT MAGNET (MAGNETIC POLE) 8: ARMATURE CORE 9: COIL INDUCTANCE ARMATURE (COIL) 10: COLLECTOR 12: TEETH 13: PAZ 14: WINDING WIRE (COIL) 15: SEGMENT 21: BRUSH 21A: LOW-speed BRUSH 21B: high-SPEED BRUSH 21C: GENERAL BRUSH 25: WORM SHAFT 28: WORM gear 40: CONNECTING WIRE (NORMALLY open-CIRCUITED ELEMENT) D1: OUTER DIAMETER W1, W2: WIDTH of the BRUSH. 1. The motor containing 2. The electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of teeth and a set of grooves is selected multiple of 7, 9 or 11 the number of pairs of poles. 3. The electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the external diameter of the collector is selected in the range from 20 mm to 30 mm 4. The electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential width of the low speed brush and a common brush is selected in the range from 2.5 mm to 5 mm 5. The electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential width of the high-speed brush is selected in the range from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm 6. The motor-reducer containing an electric motor according to any one of items 1 to 5, the worm shaft is coupled with a rotating shaft of the electric motor, and a worm gear which is engaged with the worm shaft.
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