Amplifying lens for double-reflector antenna. RU patent 2520914.

IPC classes for russian patent Amplifying lens for double-reflector antenna. RU patent 2520914. (RU 2520914):

H01Q15/02 - Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism

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Amplifying lens for double-reflector antenna / 2520914
Invention relates to antenna engineering, particularly large-diameter antennae and large parabolic reflectors, and can be used in fields where there is need to considerably increase antenna sensitivity for observing small-size sources. The engineering problem is increasing sensitivity of a double-reflector antenna for observing point sources without considerably increasing overall weight of the structure and enabling deployment of the structure in space. Said problem is solved by combining a double-reflector antenna with an additional amplifying lens, which is a truncated right circular cone whose diameter is greater than the diameter of the main parabolic reflector, the height is approximately 3 times shorter than the diameter of the main parabolic reflector, and a cone-shaped convergent mirror for the additional amplifying lens.

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to antenna engineering, particularly large-diameter antennae and large parabolic reflectors, and can be used in fields where there is need to considerably increase antenna sensitivity for observing small-size sources. The engineering problem is increasing sensitivity of a double-reflector antenna for observing point sources without considerably increasing overall weight of the structure and enabling deployment of the structure in space. Said problem is solved by combining a double-reflector antenna with an additional amplifying lens, which is a truncated right circular cone whose diameter is greater than the diameter of the main parabolic reflector, the height is approximately 3 times shorter than the diameter of the main parabolic reflector, and a cone-shaped convergent mirror for the additional amplifying lens.

EFFECT: high information value of observation data by increasing antenna sensitivity in point source observation mode without considerably increasing overall weight of the antenna structure.

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The invention relates to the antenna engineering, in particular to the antennas of the big diameter, large parabolic reflectors used on space vehicles equipped with radio telescopes, and can be used in areas where you want to significantly improve the sensitivity antenna for monitoring sources of small dimensions (hereinafter - "point sources") no significant increase of the weight of the antenna.

The current level of technology known two-mirror antennas. Among two-mirror antennas widespread antenna, made under the scheme Cassegrain [Chikin A.A. reflecting telescopes. - St. Petersburg: Russian Society of Amateurs Mravyan, 1915, pp. 32-37, Fig.15.], includes irradiator, the main parabolic mirror and hyperbolic auxiliary mirror, and antenna type of RANS (antenna with elliptic two-mirror forming auxiliary mirrors), containing the main mirror, the irradiator and auxiliary mirror [SU 1022247 A1, MPC H01Q 19/18]. The disadvantages of these antennas is that to increase the sensitivity of the antenna, for example in 2 times, the size of the main parabolic mirror must increase not less than 1.5 times, which will lead to the increase of the total mass construction of more than 5-6 times. This increases the complexity of manufacturing, orbiting, deploy, and alignment in space main parabolic mirror of this size, up to the impossibility of its creation and withdrawal into space at the modern level of development of techniques and systems of launch vehicles into space orbit.

Also known radio telescope of the Academy of Sciences of the RATAN-600 [Chaikin SE, Kaidanovsky N., pariiskii YU.N., Esepkina N.A., 1972, "the radio Telescope RATAN-600", Izvestiya GAO, no 188, p.3.] RATAN-600 is a made up of individual panels with a height of about 7 M. a circle with a diameter of about 600 m, in each of the four sectors in which the panels can be placed on a parabola with a defined to some extent focal length, forming and reflecting the pickup band antenna. This type of antennas got the name of antennas of a variable section (APT). The focus of this band is a special irradiator. Tilt boards forming reflector, is pointing the antenna on the subject. The radio telescope is working on a "pass", i.e. registers space radio source at its passage through the pattern due to the daily rotation of the celestial sphere. Possibility of maintenance of the radio source in some extent by moving irradiator in antenna focus on track. However, the size of parabolic mirrors, which collects radiation falling on it, tied in size to the height of the panels that form the reflective surface. In addition, theoretically calculated and implemented the option of using the whole ring mode circular reflector with conical irradiator, combined with two-mirror parabolic antenna located in the heart of the telescope. This scheme allows to obtain large working reflecting surface, resulting in a significant gain antenna. The main disadvantage of this antenna is a small field of view of the telescope, as a result, it turns out the instrument that most effectively can only see point sources of radio signals.

Independent use of these antennas leads to restrictions on the possibilities of obtaining certain information or brightness or across the field of view.

Tasks, which is aimed at solving the claimed invention, are that:

1. To ensure wide field of view, typical for two-mirror parabolic antennas;

2. To increase sensitivity antenna in the center of the pattern at observation point sources in comparison with the sensitivity of the standard two-mirror antennas;

3. To avoid substantial increase in the size and weight of the main parabolic mirror;

4. To ensure the fundamental possibility of the deployment of the whole structure in space.

These tasks are solved by combining two-mirror antennas with additional amplification lens contraelectrod.

When this:

- The form of additional amplification lens - direct (angle at the vertex of 90 degrees) truncated circular cone;

- the form of costreflective additional amplification lens is a direct circular cone, located in the centre, coaxially with additional amplification lens;

- additional amplification lens with conical contraelectrod and two-mirror antenna are aligned.

Under conical contraelectrod coaxially with it is a two-mirror parabolic antenna;

- Diameter D additional amplification lenses should be substantially greater than the diameter d of the main parabolic mirror, for example 10-12 times (when d~8-10 m, diameter additional amplification lenses about D about 100 m);

- the height h of an additional amplifier lenses and rear reflector additional amplification lenses approximately less than the diameter of the main parabolic mirror, for example in 3 times (h approximately 3 m for d 10 m).

Principally new solution is the choice of diameter d' conical costreflective additional amplification lenses (d'=2h), which is less than the diameter d parabolic mirror antennas. With the part of parabolic mirrors, which is not shaded conical contraelectrod, builds the image in the secondary focal plane with a field of view corresponding to the diameter d just a parabolic mirror, but with reduced illumination, because the effective area of the antenna will be equal to the area shaded part of a parabolic mirror.

The technical result, provide a given set of features, is to increase the sensitivity antenna in monitoring mode, point source and increase the information value obtained by observation data.

The gain k amplifier lens diameter D, height h in comparison with the paraboloid diameter d in this mode are:

In order to achieve the same sensitivity antenna without additional reinforcement of the lens, the diameter of the main parabolic mirror, increase in k 1/2 times. When the above parameters of the system d=10 m, D=100 m, h=3 m, the value of the gain k=12. The appropriate value of effective area only at the expense of the paraboloid can be reached at its diameter is about 35 meters.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which are merely illustrating material an example of amplification of two-mirror-lens antennas, which depicts:

Figure 1 - Optical scheme of work for more amplification lenses.

Figure 2 - Schematic distribution of brightness in the secondary focal plane.

According to figure 1, the proposed antenna includes:

1 - the main parabolic mirror

2 - auxiliary mirror

3 - conical contrafactos additional amplification lenses

4 - additional amplification lens.

The optical scheme of work for more amplification lenses (4) and conical costreflective additional amplification lenses (3) two-mirror antennas (1, 2) are presented in figure 1, where the diameter d of the main parabolic mirror antenna (1) is significantly smaller than the diameter of the reinforcement of the lens D (4), for example 10-12 times, and the height of an additional amplifier lenses h less than the diameter of the main parabolic mirror antennas d, for example in 3 times. Rays (6), coming to an additional amplifier lens (4) using conical costreflective (3) are directed to the main parabolic mirror (1). Then these rays, like rays (5)coming directly on the main parabolic mirror (1) using a secondary mirror (2) are directed to secondary focal plane.

Schematic distribution of brightness in the secondary focal plane, is presented in figure 2 where the region (6) corresponds to the image in the secondary focal plane received from additional amplification of lens and region (5), we obtain from the unshaded part of the main parabolic mirror.

As an example, the work of the invention, you can consider the option of receiving signals from cosmic radio sources, originally collected the main parabolic mirror mounted on the spacecraft. Then, to closely examine the individual point source of particular interest, spacecraft using positioning system carries out guidance of the entire system on this object, to increase the information content obtained from observation data, owing to the increase sensitivity antenna.

The invention can be used in the system orbital satellites for remote sensing of the Earth and mobile deployment of ground-based antennas.

Amplification two-mirror lens antennas are characterized by the fact that in the design of a two-mirror antennas entered amplification lens, which is the form of the truncated direct circular cone diameter greater than the diameter of the main parabolic mirror antennas and contrafactos amplification lenses, which represents a direct circular cone, the height of an additional amplifier lenses and costreflective additional amplification lens is smaller than the diameter of the main parabolic mirror antennas, additional amplification lens contraelectrod and two-mirror antenna are aligned.