Automatic gun-5 (versions)

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: automatic gun comprises frame, barrel and breechblock. The latter can slide in lengthwise direction. Breechblock is locked by two-lever slide-and-tilt mechanism. At unstable equilibrium said levers stay in contact at said slide-and-tilt mechanism at the angle smaller than self-braking angle. Front lever is hinged to sliding breechblock while rear lever is hinged to gun frame. In compliance with another version, this gun can comprise semi-free breechblock tripping mechanism engaged with sliding muzzle brake. The latter is equipped with pipe arranged at its front to feature the length which allows the bullet to close it for time interval sufficient for operation of recharging automatic circuit. In compliance with the other version, gun breechblock fits in the barrel so that with cartridge case moving out from the barrel pressure in the barrel decreases to pressure which can be sustained by cartridge case. In compliance with the other version, front lever is secured to sliding breechblock while rear lever is connected with bell crank by cable. Piston is arranged tangentially and its operating travel driven by gases is directed against tangent to bullet swirling direction.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of hits, decreased weight and dimensions.

11 cl, 5 dwg

The invention relates to automatic artillery and small arms - rifles, machine guns, machine guns and small caliber guns.

Known machine, see U.S. Pat. No. 2399004, in which the store samootdelka after Pustevny and the gate comes to shutter delay. As a rule, modern machines have two types of automatic shutter with exhaust gases, or rollback of the barrel with a short course of it. Both have their drawbacks. Weapons with a fixed barrel and the exhaust gases has a slightly worse accuracy, because some details of the mechanism starts to move before the bullet out of the barrel, which rejects the line of sight. And weapons with recoil of the barrel harder, more expensive and more sensitive to contamination.

Also known principle of operation of the automatic loader with semi-shutter, but it has significant drawbacks: at the moment of shutter release in the trunk there is still a lot of pressure, and therefore the mechanism for tripping the shutter with frame arms operates under heavy load, which causes increased friction in it. And some types of gates in a moment of disengagement of the contact area of the locking elements is reduced so that it leads to deformation or break their edges.

However, it has some advantages - the recoil impulse is divided by N. the two pulse - to trip the shutter, and after a full recoil. That is, until the exit of the bullet from the barrel it is smaller shifts, and accuracy of fire may be higher.

In addition, any rifles when shooting feels the shift shaft and the torsional direction due to torsion of the bullet or projectile, and then shifted and the line of sight.

The task and the technical result of the invention is the use of the above-mentioned advantages of semi-shutter, giving increased accuracy of fire, and the elimination or reduction of the torsional displacement of the shaft when the spin of the bullet or projectile. The new shutter will reduce the size and weight of the weapon.

OPTION 1. This weapon is applied to the gate of a new type is "mixed", i.e. it is semi-free tripping the shutter with frame arms at the moment when the barrel is still sufficient pressure, and at the same time that the clutch is arranged so that the force of the actuator mechanism contributed to the intensive movement of the shutter ago.

Both weapons implemented the principle of "prior to the bullet out of the barrel - no movement of parts of the mechanism.

This weapon has, as usual, the frame of the weapon, the barrel and the bolt, with the possibility of longitudinal displacement, but the gate is locked, two-arm swivel mechanism in the locked position j is raised to the position of unstable equilibrium, when the levers are in contact with each other to hinge at an angle less than angle-locking, with front lever pivotally attached to the trailing fixed shutter, and the rear lever pivotally attached to the frame arms, and the rear arm has a pulley where the cable is connected to the ov attached to the barrel muzzle brake, see figure 1, 2. (here and below, all definitions of the directions are given relative to the direction of the shot when conditionally operating position of the arms).

The energy transferred to the mechanism of automatic reload from the movement of the sleeve and movement of the rolling muzzle brake, can range from 10:90%, 90: 10%.

A lever mechanism can be single or double, that is symmetric. A single mechanism is conveniently placed on top of the weapon. Dual lever mechanism may be located on the sides of the weapon.

The ratio of the lengths of the levers may be any of 1:1 or levers may be of different lengths. To choose the levers of equal length is inappropriate: first, they will be far to act on a longitudinal line, and secondly, at the convergence of such levers may be jammed. It is desirable that the rear arm was smaller and amounted to 35-45% of the total length of the two levers. And it doubled the length should be slightly longer than the stroke of the shutter. It is also desirable that these two levers h is accounted in different planes, so they could move it close to 180 degrees. They can be constructed with two or more same items like a Bicycle chain.

Return spring of the shutter can be, as usual, placed behind the shutter, but a more compact option, when the torsion return spring is located at one end of the rear lever. Possible that these two springs will be available simultaneously, which improves the reliability of the weapon.

The back lever and the pulley can be conveniently combined in a single part, see figure 2.

The pulley can be applied symmetric, but it is better to use asymmetric with eccentricity. Then torque rotation in the initial phase will be longer than in the final.

The shutter is fixed in the T-shaped rails located above the weapons shop, see figure 3.

Sliding muzzle brake can be located on the trunk directly, but if the movement of the muzzle brake is not sufficient to increase the sectional area of the muzzle brake on the barrel may have a flange role stationary piston.

To enhance the pulling action of rolling his muzzle brake cavity may not have outlets, or these openings overlap the stem or flange in the initial position the muzzle brake.

These holes should be located advantage is a state in the upper part of the brake, to compensate for the "planting" arms up when shooting hand-held. In addition, these openings may be located somewhat tangentially, to compensate for the twisting rifle due to reactive torque from the spin of the bullet or projectile (this brake will be called "boosting"). However, separates the movable muzzle brake it is necessary to protect from the scroll, for example, by the presence of slots, flats or pin on the barrel.

OPTION 2. If the powder gases too quickly leaving the muzzle brake and they don't have enough energy to sufficiently vigorous ejection sleeve, muzzle brake can have the front pipe of such length that the bullet during flight closed it long enough for automation operation. Of course, the diameter of this pipe should be slightly larger than the diameter of the bullet, so it under no circumstances did not touch the specified socket.

This invention is applicable to all weapons that use to drive automation of loading the recovery (forward movement) of the rolling muzzle brake.

The course of rolling muzzle brake may be such that to ensure full travel of the shutter, or may be slightly less given the inertia in the movement of the shutter ago.

OPTION 3. In the future, as the modernization of ammo you could reduce the thickness of them on the NCA, the shutter weapons included in the trunk to such a depth that when the liner from the trunk of the pressure it would have dropped to pressure, which maintains the sleeve. This will significantly reduce the weight of the liner and even to abandon the extraction groove on it.

The design options 1, 2, 3 has the following advantages over existing:

1. to the exit of the bullet from the barrel, no detail of the weapons does not start to move;

2. lower primary recoil;

3. the simplicity and cheapness of construction (little detail, making them punching);

4. small dimensions and weight;

5. the best grapesuddenly as a lever mechanism operable at any pollution, including under water.

OPTION 4. You can apply and option selection of the powder gases, but then this option is deprived of one of the above advantages is the absence of movement of the parts of the weapon to the exit of the bullet from the barrel. In this case, you can at least try to use correctly this movement.

In this embodiment the movement of the gas piston is used to compensate for the twist rifled weapons from the reaction of a bullet. To do this, this weapon shutter, as in option 1, locked two-arm swivel mechanism in the locked position is a position of unstable equilibrium in which the arms kontakter the Ute with each other to hinge at an angle, a smaller angle self-locking, with front lever pivotally attached to the trailing fixed shutter, and the rear lever pivotally attached to the frame of the weapon. But this option differs from option 1 in that the rear arm is connected by a cable with two shoulders lever, the other end is in contact with a gas piston located in the chamber, which is connected with the bore, and the piston is located tangentially, and the labor movement (i.e. under the action of gases) directed against tangent to the direction of spin of the bullet, see figure 4, 5.

That is, the bullet is twisted in one direction, and the piston as a "tightened" to the other side. Driving distance from the longitudinal axis and the mass of the piston can be accurately compensate for the twisting of the weapon.

In figure 1, figure 2 shows the weapon option 1, 2, 3, in section, left side and top. The weapon consists of a shaft 1, which is partially cylindrical portion of the bolt 2. Gate hinged lever 3, pivotally connected with the lever 4, and the last part is both unbalanced excentricity located pulley. The pulley may be easier holes, and the rear portion of the bolt to facilitate can be made hollow. The lever 4 pivoted on the frame arms 5, and is spring-loaded relative to this frame torsional plane-pyralinae spring 6.

For fixation of the lever 3 (or 4) at the desired position includes a lock-screw or lug 7.

On the fixed pulley cable 8 connected to the lug on the movable muzzle brake 9. Muzzle brake ov is located on the shaft 1, and to increase the area of effect of the powder gases on the barrel has a flange 10 that performs the role of the stationary piston. If the muzzle brake is still and untwisting, the muzzle brake should be directed back petal with a slot in which the pin is attached to the barrel (not shown).

To enhance the protruding muzzle brake on the front it has a branch pipe 11.

Does this weapon. When fired, the powder gases from the barrel 1 are in a closed cavity muzzle brake 9 and push it forward. The bullet passing through the pipe 11, for some time closes the exit of the powder gases, and the protruding rolling muzzle brake 9 get stronger. Changing the length of the pipe, you can find the right force on the muzzle brake.

At the same time the powder gases pressure on the sleeve, but she locked gate 2, which is in turn locked by a pair of levers 3, 4, on a straight line or nearly in a straight line (the angle between the axes of the levers, a smaller angle locking, it is about 3-4 degrees). The desired angle is set to the lock-adjusting screw 7. However, with the beginning of the motion the muzzle brake 9 it through the cable 8 bit shift lever 4 and all the pair of arms extends from a position of unstable equilibrium. That is, the shutter 2 is unlocked and the sleeve receives the opportunity to push him back. These two movements-the movement of the cartridge case back and the movement of the muzzle brake forward - occur simultaneously. The levers 3, 4 are rotated and the lever 4 is at an angle of about 150-170 degrees, the lever 3 is limited to a focus in the frame arms 5, if they are on the same level. Or rotation is limited by a special delimiter.

When the lever 4 is twisted return spring 6.

Practically protruding muzzle brake open holes 12 therein and the powder gases create brake and antipositivist" efforts.

When zasypanie the next cartridge in the barrel all the elements under the action of return spring 6 occupy its original position.

You should pay attention to the strength of the levers 3, 4 and their joints - they must be able to withstand a greater load.

For manual cocking of weapons you can pull forward muzzle brake or lever 3 can have the right small hook finger.

Figure 3 shows the cross section of the shutter 2.

Figure 4, figure 5 shows a fragmentary option 4 weapons. The weapon has all the same elements as in figure 1, 2, in addition to rolling muzzle brake 9. And automatics cylinder acts on the piston 13 in chamber 14 and in contact with two shoulders lever 15, and roll back sleeves. Stroke Porsche the new commits in the direction the inverse tangent to the direction of spin of the bullet.

Does this option arms. With the passage of the bullet past the hole into the chamber 14 it receives the powder gases, the piston 13 presses on the two shoulders of the lever 15, through which the cable 8 shifts the lever 4 from the position of unstable equilibrium. And not only shifts, but also gives him a certain angular velocity in the direction of opening of the shutter (clockwise in figure 2). Roll back the sleeves gives the entire kinematics of the greater speed sufficient to undo the bolt in the rear position. The sending additional cartridge in the barrel is, as in embodiment 1.

1. Automatic weapons containing frame of the weapon, the barrel, and the bolt, with the possibility of longitudinal displacement, characterized in that the shutter is locked two-arm swivel mechanism in the locked position is a position of unstable equilibrium in which the levers are in contact with each other to hinge at an angle less than angle-locking, with front lever pivotally attached to the trailing fixed shutter, and the rear lever pivotally attached to the frame arms, and the rear arm has a pulley where the cable is connected to the ov attached to the barrel muzzle brake.

2. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear arm is 35-45% of the total length of the two levers.

3. The weapon according to claim 1 characterized in, what recoil of the bolt is located behind the shutter and/or torsional return spring is located at one end of the rear lever.

4. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear lever and pulley are one item.

5. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the unbalanced pulley with eccentricity.

6. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter is fixed in the T-shaped rails located above the weapons shop.

7. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel has a flange that acts as a piston.

8. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity rolling muzzle brake does not have outlets, or these openings is blocked by the stem or flange in the initial position the muzzle brake.

9. Automatic weapons containing the shutter or the mechanism of uncoupling of semi-shutter connected with a sliding muzzle brake, characterized in that the muzzle brake is the front pipe of such length at which the bullet during flight closes it long enough to trigger an automatic reload.

10. Automatic weapons containing the shutter, and wherein the gate of the weapons included in the trunk to such a depth that when the liner from the trunk of the pressure therein is reduced to a pressure which maintains the sleeve.

11. Automatic switchgear is s, containing the frame of the weapon, the barrel, and the bolt, with the possibility of longitudinal displacement, characterized in that the shutter is locked two-arm swivel mechanism in the locked position is a position of unstable equilibrium in which the levers are in contact with each other to hinge at an angle less than angle-locking, with front lever attached to the trailing fixed shutter, and the rear lever is connected by a cable with two shoulders lever, the other end is in contact with a gas piston in the chamber, which is connected with the bore, and the piston is located tangentially and the labor movement under the action of the gases directed against the tangent to the direction spin the bullet.