Automatic weapon-3 /versions/

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: automatic weapon is made in five versions. According to the first version two magazines - consumable and reserve - are installed transversely next to each other into one seat, the reserve one is pressed in direction of the consumable one, the consumable one at the other side is fixed by movable fixators, and in the weapon there is a wedge/wedges or cross-beam/cross-beams capable of interaction with the feeder of the consumable magazine and kinematically acting at fixators. According to the second, third and fourth versions the weapon comprises an arched magazine, and their difference consists in the form of the spring in the magazine feeder. According to the fifth version the weapon differs from the weapon according to the first version by the fact that there are wedges made on the movable fixators as capable of interaction with the consumable magazine feeder.

EFFECT: automatic disconnection of an empty magazine and its automatic installation in place of another magazine.

22 cl, 21 dwg

The invention relates to small arms - rifles, machine guns, machine guns.

Known machine, see U.S. Pat. No. 2399004, in which the store samootdelka after Pustevny and the gate comes to shutter delay. But if the ammo runs out in a tense moment of the battle, the installation of a new store may not be enough time. The task and the technical result of the invention is installed in the arms of the two shops, automatic disconnecting the empty store and automatically install in its place a second store.

OPTION 1. For this purpose, two shop - supplies and spare are in the arms transversely near one socket, spare tightened in the direction of the expenditure, the expenditure on the other hand is fixed movable clamps, and the weapon has a wedge/wedge or traverse/traverse, with the ability to interact with feeder consumable store and having the opportunity kinematically impact on these tabs, see figure 1: on the left shows the traverse to the right wedge.

For right-handed handy to have a spare magazine to the left of the expenditure, and the latches, respectively, will be right there and will throw the empty store (hereinafter all directions are relative to conventionally operating position weapons - butt and store vertically, shop from below the barrel in the before, the axis of the barrel is the longitudinal direction), see Fig.7. a rear view in cross-section.

So after removing the empty store a spare magazine could stand in his place, he tightened one or two plate spring, or a spring-loaded parallelogram mechanism, see Fig.7. The latter provides greater rigidity in the transverse direction of the warp.

To consumable store before the end of the bullets remained in the weapon, it is fixed by clamps, fixed hinge, or moving in guides, or moving the balls or rollers, or moving the pulleys, or fixed parallelogram mechanism, see figure 2-6. Moreover, if two or more clamps are driven only from one wedge or spreader, clamps for synchronous actions connected with pushers and/or levers, see figure 10.

The tabs always occupied a position of any of the links of the kinematic chain from the carrier to the holder must be spring-loaded, for example, the tabs may be spring-loaded in the closing direction, see figure 1.

The wedge or yoke can be fixed hinge, or moving in guides, or moving the balls or rollers, or moving the pulleys, or fixed parallelogram mechanism, see figure 2-6.

When this wedge or traverse can affect mention the s clips directly or through two shoulders lever, or through craving, see figure 1: right - thrust, the left - directly, Fig. 10 - through the cravings and two shoulders lever.

To protect the stores from the transverse bias and to ensure easy removal of the empty store and setting on it instead of a spare, both stores are mounted in front and rear two latches formed with the frame arms of the transverse grooves, and the shops are transverse projections included in these grooves (for example, pieces of metal section 3*5 mm, are welded by resistance welding), and the width of latches equal to 150-250% of the thickness of the store (optimally 205-210%). These protrusions and perform a second function - limiting installation store in depth, see figure 1.

To spare magazine could take the place of the expenditure, and then could be removed from the weapon sideways (to the right), it is necessary that the wedge or the traverse does not cling to the side walls of the shop. For this purpose in the front and/or rear surfaces of the store has a transverse slot on the entire width or have side sections that are larger than the size of the wedge or spreader with regard to their stroke, see figure 1 - right and left slits are different.

To the tip of the latch could grab a spare magazine, and not slipped in two stores at once, the front and back surfaces of the store have front and back bevels from emergency shop front contact is with clamps, see figure 2, 11.

In front of the store on the side of the bullet there is a place for contact wedge or spreader with feeder, although it is desirable to increase, but in the back of the store liners occupy all the space. To wedge or spreader can be placed before and behind the back of the store, the lateral surface of the store are from the inner side tabs (e.g., pressed), limiting the longitudinal movement of the sleeve in the store, in the back of the store there is empty space for passage of a wedge or bar, see 11.

Deleting a store to the side edges of the tabs are rubbing on the front and rear walls of the store. Therefore, a front and a back of the store near the clamps must not have protrusions, welds, burrs, so that the latch would not catch on. However the weld joint overlap is acceptable, but only in the direction from right to left.

Move the tabs are very small, so good for holding consumable store, if it is curved, the locking edges of the locking tabs must also be arched.

To the empty store could fly sideways, and a spare magazine could stand in his place and to shutter them when not interfered with, the weapon has a shutter delay, kinematically connected to the wedge, or traverse, or release by direct contact is with the help of intermediate links, for example levers, see figure 2.

In order not to spend a relatively small force from the contact of the wedge or spreader with feeder to overcome friction in the bolt delay, it should be minimized. This bolt is fixed hinge, and in that part which is in contact with the shutter, has the shape of a logarithmic spiral with angle equal to the angle of the locking plus or minus 5 degrees, and the center of the spiral lies on the axis of rotation of the bolt delay, see figure 2. That is, if this angle is equal to the angle of the locking, the bolt is in the position of unstable equilibrium - it will be closed with minimal effort or even herself. And if this angle will be a bit more angle-locking, the bolt not only closes itself, but will also help to close the latches.

The energy that we have to drive clamps and shutter delay is very small. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the stroke of the feeder, during which time he pushes the wedge or spreader. For this purpose the upper surface of the feeder store follows the shape of the legs of the store, for example, both semicircular or both rectangular with a width equal to or greater than the diameter of the Chuck. In this case, the stroke of the feeder after you remove the last bullet will be equal to the diameter of the sleeve. The course of the wedge or spreader bars, you can select even more than posledni stroke of the feeder, for example, you can take it as 110-130% or even 150% of the last move of the feeder. The "extra" interest will go to sample clearances, compensated elasticity and a small initial movement of the latches. If the stroke of the wedge or spreader bars are too big, then nothing bad will happen - the store will be released is not empty, and with one cartridge.

It would be desirable to have a wedge or spreader above the edge of the store, but it can interfere with shutter (depending on its design). Therefore, the wedge or the traverse will have to interact with the feeder below the shutter. For this purpose, the feeder should be vertical slot on the front and/or rear walls. And when you remove store sideways wedge or traverse through the store and through the feeder, so on the top, front and side from the reserve store surfaces of the carrier has an aperture for entry and exit of a wedge or bar, see Fig.

The spring feeder does not interfere with the passage of the wedge or the bar, the carrier has a bottom, or is within a horizontal partition, which separates the space in which the wedge or crossbar, or has two vertical transverse septum, which separates the space in which the wedge/wedge or traverse/traverse, see Fig - all three options.

Cutouts in the shop can be the cause of pollution, therefore, consumable store and its tabs can be closed side of the spring-loaded lid/lids, see figure 2.

For the considered design worked reliably, it is necessary that the gear ratio from the feeder to the clips was quite small - about 1:10 to 1:30. This means that in the course of the feeder 10 mm stroke clamps should be only 1-0,33 mm, and may be even less. The accuracy of fabrication of the structure must not be worse than 0.1 mm, which, however, allows the extensive use of stampings for parts of this mechanism.

For the considered design worked reliably, it is also necessary to optimize the efforts of all involved in running springs. The stronger spring feeder, the better. The more regular will be its force as the expenditure of ammunition, the better. For this purpose it is desirable that the length of the wire spring was as much as possible (within reasonable limits). In the arcuate shop spring rests on the convex side, and this increases the friction on the walls of the store.

OPTION 2. To increase the length and decrease the spring pressure on the convex side, the spring feeder store is an oval, or rectangular, or 8-shaped, or consisting of several overlapping each other rings spatial spiral, and on the ü this spiral is bent to the side, reverse bent shop, see Fig-19.

Neravnovesiya in its cross-section spring does not work optimally short sections of the coils are mainly in torsion, and long - basically bending. Spring, consisting of flowing of the rings, works almost as round-coiled spring. To make womanhorny, and furthermore comprising flowing rings spring technologically difficult, but to work it will be much better. But to give a spring back towards the bend store bend quite simply - it is necessary to put straight the spring of one of these types 2-3 curved heat-resistant tube and in such position to heat and temper. Vacation and normalization can be performed on the plane.

OPTION 3. There is another way to optimize the work of the spring feeder - after manufacturing the springs flatten or cut in the transverse direction of the long side of the coils of the spring or the entire wire in the spring. Then the short side of the coils will work mainly as torsions, as long as the spring in the "sealing" (supremecouncil term). This is especially noticeable in the spring of rectangular cross section.

Preferably, the long side of the coils were flattened or cut unevenly in the middle of this part of the thickness of the wire should be less. Then the internal n the voltage is distributed in the material more evenly.

OPTION 4. There is another way to optimize the work of the spring feeder in the spring of rectangular cross-section of the short side of the coils is made in the form of coil springs, see Fig. Then they both torsions will work well in torsion.

Options 2, 3, 4 can be combined.

But spring retainers, spring preload reserve store, spring bolt delay, if any, and spring caps should be weaker (within reason, of course).

For lossless to use the energy of the stroke of the feeder, it is desirable in all kinematic links of this mechanism will reduce the friction and to eliminate any possibility of corrosion. For this purpose it is desirable to manufacture all the parts of this mechanism - wedges, beam, draught, bushings, axles, clamps, shutter delay, spring-loaded gate delay from high-strength titanium alloy. Due to the smallness and lightness of these parts cost spent titanium in the final cost of the weapon is irrelevant.

OPTION 5. Very simple is a variant of this construction, if the retainer and wedge to combine in a single part. This weapon also has two shop - supplies and spare, mounted in the arms transversely near one socket, spare tightened in the direction of the expenditure, the expenditure on the other hand is fixed moving fixat the Rami. But the difference is that the tabs are wedges that have the ability to interact with feeder consumable store, see Fig 13 - showing front clamp wedge (back is its mirror copy). To get this item can be, privaris wedge to lock the contact welding.

In figure 1, figure 2 shows this weapon is a sectional view on the left and top. The weapon consists of a frame 1, in which the respective slot is located two stores: supplies 2 and 3 spare. Inside the shop there is a feeder 4 and the spring feeder (shown in Fig). The shops below are fixed in the vertical direction latches 5 (spring and limiters latch not shown), which on the front and back walls of the store are transverse protrusions 6.

These sketches are shown two modifications of the first variant of the weapon on the left tab 7 is driven by a head plate 8, which represents a kinematic point of view of the two shoulders of the lever. Force with a shorter shoulder is transmitted to the clamp with a lever 9, pivoted on the transverse and the retainer. The clampers biased by springs 10 (figure 2 they are not shown).

It should be noted feature of the shape of the beam is as small shoulder has a size of only 0.5-1 mm, for reasons of strength to be placed near the beam axis and the thrust axis is not possible. So travel is and has the form of a cantilever crank, it was the crankshaft 11 (2), manual rolling in the axis of the rod and having a ledge 8.

On the right in figure 1, figure 2 shows the sub-option with the wedge 12, pivoted on the same axis as the latch 5 (or on a separate axis). The wedge is a one shoulder arm, the small radius of turning on the ledge 13 on the latch 7. That is, it passes the latch several times more force than it receives on the bevel of the wedge, when he interacts with the carrier 4. The total gear ratio of the wedge and lever should be about 1:20. Its another ledge 14 (2) retainer affects shutter delay 15 (spring and stopper not shown due to small). The dashed line shows the progress of the shutter.

In the top view of figure 2 shows two small spring-loaded cover 30 covering the tabs and cutouts in the store. The lid can close the whole store or just cut it.

In figure 1, figure 2 shows the modifications of the hinge mounting clamps, wedge and the beam. But there may be other options for their mobile mounting, shown in Fig.3-6. They can be fixed trailing in the guide 1, moving the balls or rollers 16 (in this projection, they look the same), trailing on the pulleys 17 or parallelogramme on the levers 18.

Figure 7 and figure 2 shows the parallelogram mechanism preload reserve store 3 place supplies store is 2. This mechanism consists of 19 feet, is attached to the two plate levers 20 and spring-loaded conical spiral spring 21 (figure 7, this spring is not shown). For having a place for this spring plate levers are cutouts for her, see Fig, 9 - upper and lower plate levers 20. The spring is made of spiral-cone, so that in the compressed state took as little space as possible. Instead of two plate levers you can use four normal, but then the rigidity of the shops on the transverse curl will be less.

Figure 10 shows the kinematics of the drive of the two latch from one wedge or spreader 12. This is done by using two shoulders of the lever 22 and two rods 23.

Figure 11 shows in section the store with 2 feeder 4. For the transverse passage of the wedge 12 or beam 8 you must have an empty space in the front and back parts store. This sleeve 24, and hence the cartridges in General, is limited in its movement in the longitudinal (horizontal) direction of the punch 25 and 26. This space is small and will not impact significantly on the size of the store. At the store are visible bevels 27.

On Fig shows the approximate shape of the slots in the carrier, front view from above. Vertical cut on the front wall is needed to position the wedge or spreader below the shutter mechanism. Gori is ontally neckline and cutout in the left side wall of the need for passage of a wedge or spreader deleting a store to the side. Cutting down on the front wall is needed to ensure that the wedge or traverse time released the clips, otherwise they slipped on the walls of the shops, will not have time to enter the bevels 27 supplies store and will not be able to hold a spare magazine, and both stores will fly at the same time. The hole in the right wall is not needed, since at the time of setting a reserve store the feeder is in it in the lower position. But the cutout in the side walls of the store is needed.

This feeder has a bottom, but this sketch is shown with a horizontal partition (dashed line) and with two vertical partitions (two dash-dotted lines).

On Fig shows a single item on the fifth option - front retainer 7 with the disc 12. Dugoobrazno store is not taken into account (the store for a machine gun), so the locking edge is not dugoobrazno.

On Fig shown curved, the so-called "carob" store, and Fig. 15 shows curved in the opposite direction the spring for him. Spring cross-section can be in the form of a rectangle - Fig, oval - Fig, eight - Fig or three rings, flowing one into another - Fig.

On Fig, 21 shown in side view two options spring feeder store in the form of a spiral rectangular cross-section with the spirals in short parts of coils (as in the Laundry presence). On Fig the spiral in the short part of the coil is working on further tightening, and Fig - on spin. Which one will be more reliable, should be determined experimentally. The long side of the coils may be tapered, and in the middle.

The weapons work on 1, 2, 7: bit earlier than in the store will remain one cartridge, the carrier 4 begins to raise the yoke 8, to choose clearances and elasticity and pressing the right wedge 12. When this yoke 8 through the rod 9 begins with a gear ratio of about 1:20 to reject front retainer 7 to the left, freeing supplies store 2.

In another modification, the wedge 12 presses the protrusion 13 of the rear latch, releasing the magazine 2 and turning through the latch protrusion 14 shutter delay 15.

Store 2 is pushed by the foot 19 parallelogram mechanism to the right. Once in the undercut on the front or the rear of the feeder (Fig), yoke and wedge release the latches, and the slide on the front and rear wall of the magazine 2. Then the bevels 27 (11) clips slip on a spare magazine 3 and hold it. In this moment released bolt 15 and due to its spring, and due to the spiral surface with an angle close to the angle of the automatic braking, release the shutter. The first shutter rests in the arms of the store and when the store will fall into place, slams

a round in the chamber. If the shop used the feeding of cartridges from two sides b is C rebuild in one line (as in gun GSH-18), it is desirable that the upper Chuck was right.

It should be noted the only difference is the width between the locking edges of the latch 5 in the district reserve store must be greater than the area of the consumable store, so that when installing a spare store the latch is not dispersed too widely, otherwise consumable store will tumble. If this isn't considered when installing a spare store arrow to have in the palm of one hand squeezing both stores at once, which may slow down the operation.

In case of contamination, freezing, or combat damage consumable store it can be forcefully removed from the weapon in two ways. The first way is to use one hand to pick up a spare magazine from the bottom or from the side, then with the thumb and forefinger of the other hand briefly to push the latch 5, and supplies the store will tumble down, and a replacement will fall into its place. But it is better to use the second way is by the thumb and forefinger of the right hand to push the tabs 7 and immediately let go, consumable store will be nominated and will rest against the fingers, and then a spare magazine will replace consumable to the right and stand in his place.

Arms tabs on Fig works similarly to the wedge 12 one's pressing away the feeder together with the latch 7, and the empty store is separated.

Action arrow: first about the inserts first store, due to the preload its 19 foot gets in a fighting position. It should be noted that the progress on the legs should not be too large - about 105-110% of the width of the store. Then the shooter inserts near a spare magazine, rejecting pressure store tab 19 to the left (Fig.7). Then shoots up to Pustevny supplies store. His place in about 0,1-0,2 rises with a spare magazine, and if the shooter did not let go of the trigger, the weapon immediately continues to shoot. Selecting a pause in a combat situation, the shooter slowly (weapon because Bogatova) and keeping arms and look away from the battlefield, the left hand inserts a third store. And so on.

Thus, arrows, if you require a combat situation, can produce 60 cartridges, or issue 50, but not for one second losing combat effectiveness, you may charge your weapon up to 40 rounds of ammunition.

Given this feature, you can make shops more compact 20-25 rounds.

1. Automatic weapons, containing a store of ammunition, characterized in that two shop - supplies and spare are in the arms transversely near one socket, spare magazine tightened in the direction of the expenditure, the expenditure on the other hand is fixed movable clamps, and the weapon has a wedge/wedge or traverse/traverse, with an ability to communicate the AMB with feeder consumable store and having the opportunity to influence the tabs.

2. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that a spare magazine tightened one or two plate spring, or a spring-loaded parallelogram mechanism.

3. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the consumable store fixed retainers, fixed hinge, or moving in guides, or moving the balls or rollers, or moving the pulleys, or fixed parallelogram mechanism, and if two or more clamps are driven only from one wedge or spreader, clamps for synchronous actions connected with pushers and/or levers.

4. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the latches are biased in the closing direction.

5. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge is fixed hinged or moving in guides, or moving the balls or rollers, or moving the pulleys, or fixed parallelogram mechanism.

6. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the yoke is fixed hinged or moving in guides, or moving the balls or rollers, or moving the pulleys, or fixed parallelogram mechanism.

7. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge or traverse affect the tabs directly, or through two shoulders lever, or through a craving.

8. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that both stores are mounted in front and rear two zamel the AMI, forming with the frame arms of the transverse grooves, and the shops are transverse projections included in these grooves, the width of latches equal to 150-250% of the thickness of the store.

9. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and/or rear surfaces of the store has a transverse slot at full width, and the side surfaces are slits or cuts that are larger than the size of the wedge or spreader with regard to their stroke.

10. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and rear surfaces of the store have front and back bevels from emergency shop front contact with the holders.

11. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surfaces of the store with the inner side of the flange limiting the longitudinal movement of the sleeve in the store, in front and/or rear of the store there is empty space for passage of a wedge or spreader bars.

12. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the magazine is curved, the locking edges of the locking tabs arched.

13. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a shutter delay, kinematically connected to the wedge or traverse, or release by direct contact or through intermediaries, such as levers.

14. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolt is fixed hinge, in part, to area in contact with the stopper, has the shape of a logarithmic spiral with angle equal to the angle of the locking plus or minus 5 degrees, and the center of the spiral lies on the axis of rotation of the bolt delay.

15. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the feeder store follows the shape of the legs of the store, for example, both semicircular or both rectangular with a width equal to or greater than the diameter of the cartridge, and on the top, front and side from the reserve store surfaces of the carrier has openings for entry and exit of a wedge or spreader bars.

16. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier has a bottom or inside a horizontal partition, which separates the space in which the wedge or crossbar, or has two vertical transverse septum, which separates the space in which the wedge/wedge or traverse/traverse.

17. The weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the consumable store and it latches closed side of the spring-loaded lid/lids.

18. Automatic weapons containing arcuate store of ammunition, characterized in that the spring feeder store is an oval or rectangular, or 8-shaped, or consisting of several overlapping each other rings spatial spiral, and the axis of this helix is bent in the direction opposite the curvature of the store.

The weapons, containing arcuate store of ammunition, characterized in that the spring feeder store is a spatial spiral, with the long side of the coils of the spring or the entire wire in the spring is flattened or cut in the transverse direction.

20. The weapon of claim 19, wherein the long side of the coils flattened or cut unevenly in the middle of this part of the wire thickness less.

21. Automatic weapons containing arcuate store of ammunition, characterized in that the spring feeder store is a spatial spiral rectangular cross-section, with the short part of the coils of the spring is made in the form of a spiral.

22. Automatic weapons, containing a store of ammunition, characterized in that two shop - supplies and spare are in the arms transversely near one socket, spare tightened in the direction of the expenditure, the expenditure on the other hand is fixed movable clamps, which are wedges that have the ability to interact with feeder supplies store.