Axial inductor electric machine with electromagnet excitation. RU patent 2520610.
 Electromagnetic device with reversible generator and motor operation / 2516373Invention relates to electrical engineering. The electromagnetic device has a stator and a rotor rotating between facing surfaces of the stator and bearing a plurality of magnets distributed at regular intervals along its periphery. The magnets are arranged such that they form a sequence of alternately opposite poles on the surfaces of the rotor directed towards the stator, and the stator comprises two sets of independently supported magnetic yokes located at both sides of the rotor in front of the magnets. The magnetic yokes have two axially oriented arms, the end surfaces of which, when the rotor is in a fixed state, at least partly face a pair of successive magnets on a same surface of the rotor. |
 Modular electromagnetic device with reversible generator-motor operation / 2510559Modular electromagnetic device has a stator and a rotor rotating between facing surfaces of the stator and bearing a plurality of magnets distributed with alternate orientations in a substantially annular pattern. The stator comprises at least one pair of magnetic yokes symmetrically located at both sides of the rotor. Each yoke has a pair of projecting arms extending towards the magnets and bearing a respective coil for receiving electric power from or supply of electric power to the electromagnetic device. Each yoke is individually mounted on its own support equipped with adjusting units arranged to adjust the yoke position relative to the oppositely lying magnets. The yoke forms, together with its coils, its support, its adjusting units and measuring and control means controlling the yoke adjustment, an elementary stator cell that can be replicated to form single-phase or multiphase modules. |
 Method of electric power generation to supply automatic controls of pipelines / 2506686Method is used to generate electric power to supply automatic controls of pipelines, provision of electric power supply for equipment located outside access areas of permanent power supply. The suggested method is purposed for to implement process of power supply for water supply and disposal systems, gas supply systems, oil pipelines due to use of power from medium flow in the pipeline. Power generated in result of separation of flow part is accumulated in energy accumulator. Thereafter it can be used by means of static converter to supply duty equipment with power comparable to power of turbine and generator and devices with larger power that operate during short period of time. |
 Annular generator / 2506682Invention relates to electrical engineering and may be used in wind-driven power plant. Annular generator of the wind-driven power plant includes stator, peripherical stator ring for placement of stator windings, rotating part which is installed so that it can rotate in relation to stator and lid of the stator connected to stator ring. Lid provides formation of discharge chamber with high or low pressure; it is designed to ensure air flow passing through and/or in stator and/or rotating part in order to cool annular generator. At that in the stator lid there is at least one air blower with opening designed for it. The air blower can be rotated by driving mechanism in order to open the air blower opening for the purpose of maintenance and/or man passage through it. |
 Drilling electric generator / 2473161It is proposed to replace counterbalances of a crank gear of a pumping unit with an electric generator of the same weight. The drilling electric generator is installed in a required point of a crank gear with the double purpose: as a pumping unit counterbalance and as an electric generator itself. Together with the crank relative to the generator axis one part of the generator rotates, for instance, a stator with windings of electromotive force induction. The other part of the generator - a rotor developing a magnetic field, remains fixed relative to the generator axis due to shift of its centre of gravity below the horizontal axis of the generator by the value required for free rotation of the stator around the fixed rotor. |
 Power unit for electric vehicles / 2462373Proposed invention serves to drive electric vehicle without recharge from power mains and allows storage battery automatic recharging in vehicle motion. Proposed unit consists of electrogenerating packages to convert vertical oscillations of elastic element assembly coupled with vehicle chassis into electric current for charging storage batteries. |
 Linear generator / 2453970Invention relates to electric engineering, to linear generators producing electric energy. The linear generator's design is a hydrodynamic cylinder for making reciprocal movements of a piston (6) in a cylinder (1) in the axial direction by means of a sequential application of fluid medium pressure to the piston (6) in the left hydrodynamic chamber (4) in contact with the left final wall (2) of cylinder (1) and fluid medium pressure in the right hydrodynamic chamber (5) in contact with the right final wall of cylinder (1). The permanent magnet (9) is formed between the left pressure surface (7) in contact with the left hydrodynamic chamber (4) of the piston (6), and right pressure surface (8) in contact with the right hydrodynamic chamber (5) of the piston (6). The electric induction coil (11) is installed above the left and right hydrodynamic chambers (4, 5), and formed on the cylindrical wall between left and right final walls (2,3) of the cylinder (1) so that power energy is generated in electric induction coil due to reciprocal movement of piston (6) with permanent magnet in axial direction. |
 Well generator / 2442892The invention relates to electric engineering and is used to supply power to well equipment. The well generator comprises a protective casing, electric socket, at least one attachment fitting, a rotor with a hydroturbine, permanent magnets, furthermore, the rotor and actuating coils are fixed inside the protective casing, magnets and actuating coils have circular shape and are positioned inside a cylinder with alternation and axial clearance between them. The generator has an additional rotor installed concentrically with the first rotor and connected with it through a reductor. The second rotor ahs a disc with soft magnetic inserts, which is positioned between the actuating coil and permanent magnet. The well generator contains at least one pressure and temperature expansion compensator, linked with the driving clutch. |
 Vibration power generator / 2439771Vibration power generator (1) contains magnet core (2) closed to poles of permanent magnet (3) with two-section inducing winding (4) with output contacts (5) installed at its both sides. At magnet core (2) there is lateral gap (6) with tip (7) of magnet core (2) installed in it. Gap (6) with tip (7) covers magnet switch case (8) with movable magnetic shunt (9) which is intended for measurement of magnetic flow in magnet core (2). Tip (7) of magnet core (2) and shunt (9) are made in the form of similar rigid stack structures consisting of integral alternating magnet conductive and non-conductive layers connected by compound; the layers are located in parallel to each other and perpendicular to direction of shunt (9) oscillations. |
 Generator plant / 2435281Proposed generator plant comprises a frame, a power plant, a current generator, a thermal control panel. At the same time according to this invention the specified power plant is made as a rotor piston diesel engine, comprising a horizontal cylinder with a foundation frame, closed front and back covers, having coaxial inlet and outlet windows, joined by pipelines with outlet pipes and a rotary air blower. Inside the cylinder there is a Z - shaped rotor with sealing elements, made as a whole with the shaft, ends of which are pulled through cover holes. At the opposite ends of the rotor there are two ledges at each one in the form of triangles that face the side opposite to the rotor rotation with their tops, at the opposite sides of which there are two pistons installed with the possibility of rotation with the rotor and radial displacement with sealing elements. Pistons are made in the form of segments turned with spherical surfaces to the inner surface of the cylinder. Each piston has a ledge and an inclined guide entering into a slot and an inclined channel of a rotor. On the rear surface of the pistons there is a finger entering a profiled slot made on the inner surface of the rear cover. The rotor and the pistons are installed in the transverse plane relative to the shaft. The pistons with the rotor form two combustion chambers, having nozzles joined with the supply system. At the free ends of the shaft there are the following components fixed - a flywheel, a rotor of an air blower and master gears that are engaged with gears of a high pressure pump, a fuel pump, an oil pump and a water pump drives, a current generator. The starter gear interacts with a geared crown of a flywheel. |
 Inductor-type generator / 2517172According to the invention the suggested inductor-type generator containing the front and rear covers, a stator with an operating winding, an excitation source and a rotor with a shaft, is equipped additionally with a ferromagnetic ring, closing elements, a star-shaped magnet core with an opening and a non-ferrous insert; at that the ferromagnetic ring is inserted tightly with its first lateral side in the stator zone free of end-connectors, at the other side of the ferromagnetic ring there are installed the closing elements connected to sprocket teeth and the sprocket itself is connected to the rear cover by the non-ferrous insert and the rotor with the shaft is placed in the central opening of the sprocket. |
 Synchronous generator / 2515564Invention is referred to the field of electric engineering, in particular, to electric machines and namely to synchronous generators of inductor type used, for example, in motor and tractor equipment. According to the invention in the claimed synchronous generator containing an excitation source, a stator with polar tips and winding, a drum rotor with a shaft and covers with tightening bolts, the butt end of horizontal rack of the outer L-shaped magnet core is connected to the stator back and between the stator teeth and cover there is a non-magnet insert, a vertical rack of the outer L-shaped magnet core, the excitation source, a vertical rack of the inner L-shaped magnet core while the horizontal rack of the inner L-shaped magnet is located in the rotor butt end. |
 Synchronous inductor generator / 2515265Invention is referred to the field of electric engineering, in particular, to electric machines and relates to synchronous generators of inductor type used, for example, in motor and tractor equipment. According to the invention in the claimed synchronous generator containing an excitation source, a stator with polar tips and winding, a drum rotor with a shaft and front and rare covers with tightening bolts, the front rotor cover is equipped with openings through which radial magnet core is passed and to its outer end an axial magnet core is connected which in its turn is connected to the stator back while the inner end of the radial magnet core is connected to the excitation source and the angular magnet core having horizontal and vertical racks, at that the outer butt end of the horizontal rack is mounted at the rotor butt end. |
 Inductor electric machine / 2507666Inductor electric machine comprises a stator with a working winding and an excitation winding in the form of a coil, a rotor placed inside a stator and mounted on a non-magnetic shaft, magnetically conductive shields, equipped with ledges, between which there is an external closed magnetic conductor with adjacency to it, at the same time there are three excitation windings, every of which is equidistant from the adjacent ones by 120° and is made according to the type of a three-phase three-bar transformer, the rods of which are arranged in the same plane and are oriented tangentially to a generatrix of the rotor made in the form of a steel cylinder, which have channels drilled along the perimeter, where copper electrically isolated conductors are inserted according to the shape of cylindrical springs, which electrically connect at the ends of the rotor with copper rings, having holes that are coaxial to copper cylindrical springs. |
 Inductor generator with front excitement / 2454775Inductor generator includes static stator (1) that consists of central cylindrical core (2) and two side rods (3) located around and symmetrically to the core (2), the core and the rods have common foundation (4), the rods front parts are done in the form of sectors with arc length equal to π/2, near the stator there is a salient-pole rotor (5) that has the central part (6) contacting the stator core (2) with a gap and two poles (7) performed in a form of sectors with arc length equal to π/2, i.e. equal to the sectors arc length of stator rods. Note that the section area of rotor pole (7) sector is equal to section area of stator (1) rod (3) sector, rotor poles (7) are arranged parallel to stator rods, there is an excitation winding (8) in a form of a coil at the central cylindrical core (2). There is power winding (9) at the side rods (3) covering the corresponding rods and performed in a form of coils. Rotor shaft (10) is connected to the mechanism that activates rotor rotation. |
 Reactive switched electrical machine with rotation symmetry / 2450410Reactive switched electrical machine with rotation symmetry consists of stator 1 with even number of poles Zs and coils 2 located on them with polyphase winding and even number of phases, windingless rotor 3 with odd number of poles Zr. According to invention number of stator poles is calculated as per the formula: Zs = 6·n where n=1, 2, 3…, number of rotor poles Zr is calculated as per the formula Zr = Zs ± 3. At that adjoining phase windings of stator have alternate polarity; all phase coils within limits of one phase are connected in opposition, magnetic field of active phase is closed through other phases and it allows development of polyphase electrical machine with even number of phases which magnetic structure has rotation symmetry with angle of rotation equal to 120°. |
 Non-contact electric machine with axial excitation / 2437201Invention refers to the design of non-contact synchronous electric machines with axial excitation and can be used in wide range of frequencies of machine shaft rotation (from units of revolutions per minute to several tens of thousand revolutions per minute) in automation systems, independent electric equipment systems, in military, space engineering, on aviation and automobile transport, as traction controlled and non-controlled electric actuators, wind-driven generators, multiphase synchronous motors and high-frequency synchronous electric AC generators, multiphase generators of frequency converters (including three-phase systems), as well as at rectification of output variable voltage and current of generators by means of semiconductor rectifying devices and with possibility of using smoothing filters to reduce fluctuations of output parameters - as DC (rectified current) power supply sources. Stator of non-contact electric machine with axial excitation includes odd and even armature cores with salient poles of armature, which represent laminated packs from insulated electrotechnical steel plates with high magnetic permeability and fixed in soft magnetic housing; the number of armature cores - not less than two, on salient poles of armature there concentrated is coil multi-phase armature winding, each coil of which envelopes in axial direction one of salient poles of armature of each armature core; between armature cores there located are ring-shaped coils of inductor excitation winding, the axes of which coincide in axial direction with machine shaft axis, connected to each other in magnetic opposite ratio, of ring-shaped coils of inductor excitation winding is one less than the number of armature cores. Rotor without winding includes non-magnetic shaft with soft magnetic bushing on which there coaxially located are odd and even rotor magnetic conductors with pole projections, which are represented with laminated packs and consist of insulated electrotechnical steel plates with high magnetic permeability; the number of rotor magnetic conductors is equal to the number of armature cores; odd and even rotor magnetic conductors are located relative to the appropriate odd and even armature cores and have the same active length in axial direction; even rotor magnetic conductors are offset relative to odd magnetic conductors in tangential direction through the half of pole pitch of rotor magnetic conductor. At that, certain ratios are fulfilled between the number of salient armature poles, number of phases of multi-phase coil winding of armature, number of salient poles of armature in phase and number of pole projections of each magnetic conductor of the rotor. |
 Synchronous reluctance machine / 2422972In the proposed synchronous reluctance machine, which comprises a multiphase power winding on a stator, which is evenly distributed along an inner bore of the stator and designed for connection to a valve converter, and also a multiphase excitation winding with a full pitch, designed for connection to controlled exciters, according to the invention, at the edges of each rotor pole there is a corrugation arranged in the form of grooves with the pitch h = 8 - 10 mm, and their bases are located in planes parallel to axis of rotor rotation, at the same time the width of each groove is a = 2 - 4 mm, the depth b = 8- 10 mm. |
 Non-contact electric reduction machine with salient-pole armature / 2416859Invention refers to low-speed high-torque electric motors, electric drives and generators, to the design of non-contact electric machines with electromagnetic reduction and can be used in automation systems as motorised wheels, motorised drums, starter-generators, electric steering wheel boosters, direct drives in domestic equipment, electric drives of high and average power of ships, trolleybuses, trams, concrete mixers, lifting mechanisms, belt conveyors, liquid transfer pumps, mechanisms with high torques on the shaft and low frequencies of its rotation, as well as direct drives without using any mechanical reduction gears, as well as wind-driven generators, hydraulic generators, high-frequency electric generators, synchronous generators of frequency converters and as controlled stepped motors. Non-contact electric reduction machine with salient-pole armature includes stator with housing made from soft magnetic material with odd and even packs of stator, which are laminated and consist of insulated electrotechnical steel plates with high magnetic permeability, and the number of which is not less than two; non-magnetic shaft with bushing from soft magnetic steel with high magnetic permeability with odd and even rotor packs with high permeability, which are laminated and consist of insulated electrotechnical steel plates, and the number of which is equal to the number of stator packs; active length of extreme stator and rotor packs in axial direction is equal if the number of stator packs is more than two; active length of stator and rotor packs in axial direction, which are located between extreme packs, is more by two times than active length of extreme packs; stator packs contain salient poles uniformly distributed along cylindrical surface, on inner surface of which there are elementary teeth, the number of salient poles on each stator pack is equal, the number of elementary teeth on each salient pole of stator pack is equal, stator packs in tangential direction are located so that axes of their salient poles located opposite each other in axial direction coincide; rotor packs contain the teeth uniformly distributed along cylindrical surface and the number of which on each rotor pack is equal; even rotor packs are offset relative to odd rotor packs in tangential direction through the half of tooth division of rotor pack, on salient poles of stator packs there is coil m-phase winding of armature, each coil of which in axial direction envelopes the appropriate salient poles of even and odd stator packs of one pole of each pack; between stator packs there located is excitation winding of inductor, which is made in the form of ring-shaped coils with longitudinal axis coinciding with longitudinal axis of machine, number of ring-shaped coils of excitation winding of inductor is one less than the number of stator packs. At that, there shall be certain relations between the number of salient poles of armature, number of elementary teeth on salient pole of armature, number of salient poles of armature in phase, total number of armature teeth, number of teeth on each pack of rotor and number of phases of m-phase armature winding. |
 Electric reduction machine with salient-pole armature / 2416858Invention refers to low-speed high-torque electric motors, electric drives and generators, to the design of synchronous electric machines with contact rings with possibility of deep electromagnetic reduction and can be used in automation systems, in domestic equipment, as motorised wheels, motorised drums, starter-generators, electric steering wheel boosters, electric drives of high and average power of ships, trolleybuses, trams of the underground, concrete mixers, lifting mechanisms, belt conveyors, liquid transfer pumps, mechanisms with high torques on the shaft and low frequencies of its rotation, as well as wind-driven generators, hydraulic generators, high-frequency electric generators and synchronous generators of frequency converters. Electric reduction machine with salient-pole armature includes stator the armature core of which consists of insulated electrotechnical steel plates with high magnetic permeability and has salient poles on inner surface of which there are elementary teeth, coil m-phase armature winding, each coil of which is arranged on the appropriate salient pole of armature, and inductor with odd and even tooth cores with even number of teeth on each core; the number of cores of inductor is at least two, active length of extreme inductor cores in axial direction is equal; if there are more than two inductor cores, active length of cores in axial direction, which are located between extreme inductor cores is more by two times than active length of extreme cores, even inductor cores are offset relative to odd ones in tangential direction through the half of its tooth division; salient tooth poles of armature and tooth inductor cores face each other and are divided with air gap; between inductor cores there located is excitation winding of inductor, which is made in the form of ring-shaped coils the number of which is one less than the number of inductor cores, excitation of inductor is performed during feeding of excitation winding with direct (rectified) current through contact rings and brushes; tooth-and-slot zone of armature is comb-shaped and distributed. At that, for serviceability of electric reduction machine with salient-pole armature there shall be certain relations between the number of salient poles of armature, number of elementary teeth on salient pole of armature, number of salient poles of armature in phase, total number of armature teeth, number of teeth on each inductor core and number of phases of m-phase armature winding. |
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Inductor-type generator / 2517172 According to the invention the suggested inductor-type generator containing the front and rear covers, a stator with an operating winding, an excitation source and a rotor with a shaft, is equipped additionally with a ferromagnetic ring, closing elements, a star-shaped magnet core with an opening and a non-ferrous insert; at that the ferromagnetic ring is inserted tightly with its first lateral side in the stator zone free of end-connectors, at the other side of the ferromagnetic ring there are installed the closing elements connected to sprocket teeth and the sprocket itself is connected to the rear cover by the non-ferrous insert and the rotor with the shaft is placed in the central opening of the sprocket. |
FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of electric engineering, and namely to electric machines and is referred to design of axial inductor electric machines. The suggested axial inductor electric machine with electromagnet excitation contains the stator housing, stator magnet packs, excitation windings, windings of alternating electromotive force, the rotor and rotor magnet packs. According to the invention a cylindrical turbine rotated in a flow of gas or another medium as the rotor shaft is equipped with three geared magnet packs place axially to the stator windings at the outer diameter of the turbine shaft and are shifted per ⅓ of the geared section and without open magnetic-air gap with the stator windings they form the three-phase system of a reversible electric machine. In motor operation one type of control voltage is supplied to the windings of alternating electromotive force in the form of sequential rectangular electrical pulses which duration defines frequency of the rotor shaft rotation.
EFFECT: in motor mode one type of control voltage is used, in generator mode electric energy can be generated using flows of different media and implementing the function of a starter-generator with high shaft torque in a wide range of preset rates, with high mechanic endurance and high degree of protection.
4 dwg
The invention relates to the electrical machines, namely to axial inductor electric machines. Areas in which the machine can be used: Gazotron power plants, wind farms and hydropower plant, the starter-generator unit.
The famous alternator using energy flow [1] (patent RU 2060383).
The generator includes fixed to the drive shaft of the rotor, stator immobility and collector. The rotor is provided with a electromagnets and small-sized power sources for power supply of electromagnets. The ranks of power sources of a current are connected in parallel, and the findings and the conclusions of electromagnets are connected through the contacts of the mechanical key.
Its major drawback is the availability of electronic components in rotating rotor design, sensitive to external influences, and the need of their service. These weaknesses reduce the reliability and service life of components of the generator.
Closest to the technical nature and the achieved result to the claimed axial inductor electric car electric field is a contactless geared electric machine with combined excitation [2] (patent RU 2390086). It consists of a stator with laminated packages from electrical steel, winding, armature winding, gear, rotor with laminated packages from electrical steel, which in axial direction coincide with the stator packages.
The main disadvantage of the prototype is complicated control scheme in motor operation, requiring the formation of windings on the machine standing straight and AC voltages.
The present invention is the creation of an electric machine that uses motoring one kind of control voltage capable of generating electricity using streams of different environments that implements the function starter-generator with high torque on a shaft in a wide range of preset speeds, with great mechanical life and a high degree of protection.
The technical result of this invention is the axial three-phase induction electric machine with electromagnetic excitation.
The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the claimed axial inductor electric machine with electromagnetic excitation, consisting of the stator, magnetic wound stator made of electrical steel, winding, winding variable EMF, rotor magnetic packages rotor made of laminated steel, according to the invention, contains a cylindrical turbine rotating stream of gas or other environment as the rotor shaft. Three gear package rotor made of laminated electrical steel, are located at the outer diameter of the shaft of the turbine. Teeth each package shifted ⅓ suboroveho division relative to another package. In the fixed part of the installation - the stator, in three rows, with a step equal to zubtsova step rotor, radially located cylindrical coil winding of the excitation and variable EDS. Three pairs of service on the rotor and stator axial inductor electric machines with electromagnetic excitation form a three-phase system.
Figure 1 shows the longitudinal and cross-section axial inductor electric machines with electromagnetic excitation:
1 - teeth magnetic wound stator;
2 - the teeth of the magnetic packages rotor;
3 - excitation winding;
4 - cylindrical coil winding of the excitation and variable EMF;
5 - rotor;
6 - winding variable EMF;
7 - cylinder turbine;
8 - rotor shaft;
9 - magnetic packages rotor;
10 - magnetic packages stator;
11 - the case of the stator.
Figure 2 presents a General view of the rotor axial inductor electric machines with electromagnetic excitation, where:
7 - cylinder turbine;
8 - rotor shaft;
9 - magnetic packages rotor.
The principle of operation of axial inductor electric machines with electromagnetic excitation in generator mode based on a jet interaction teeth magnetic wound stator 1 and teeth magnetic packages rotor 2, the magnetic excitation current, inducing EMF, does not change its direction, and the change in value between min and max. DC, all along the winding 3, placed in cylindrical coil 4, forms the oppositely directed magnetic flux excitation, that the rotation of the rotor 5 induces a variable magnetic EMF in the winding variable EMF 6. A distinctive feature of the machine design is the use of cylindrical turbine 7, made of metal with magnetic permeability coefficient is less than 1, as the rotor shaft 8 and three pairs of magnetic packages on the rotor 9 and on the stator 10. The offset of teeth magnetic packages rotor 2 on ⅓ suboroveho division relative to each other believes displaced in time consistent position of the magnetic packages 9 and 10 of neighboring couples 120 angular degrees. Consequently, there is three-phase variable EDS.
Figure 3 shows the diagram of the relative position of teeth, three pairs of packages at the moment of time t1.
The proposed location of pairs of packages 9 and 10 provides a constant magnetic flow, preventing the induction EMF high frequency excitation windings of the 3.
Application of the system with electromagnetic excitation allows changing the rotational speed of the rotor shaft to maintain a constant EMF current control winding 3.
Figure 4 shows the sequence of submission to the stator winding of the rectangular pulse in motor operation.
The principle of operation of axial inductor electric machines with electromagnetic excitation motoring believes consistent flow at winding variable EMF 6 rectangular pulses with a duration 2π/3 electric radius, offset by 4π/3 electric radius, thus there is a consistent magnetic flux linkage teeth magnetic wound stator 1 barbed magnetic packages rotor 2, creating a continuous rotation of the rotor 5. Pulse duration determines the frequency of rotation 5 on the shaft cylindrical turbine 7.
Declared axial inductor electric machine with electromagnetic excitation can be used in gastrolnyj power plants, wind and hydropower plants, the starter-generator devices. Design feature of the stator 11, made of metal with magnetic permeability coefficient equal to 1, believes the lack of open air gap between the magnetic wound stator 10 and rotor 9, which in turn provides a high degree of security in the streams of different environments.
Sources of information
1. Patent RU 2060383.
2. Patent RU 2390086.
Axial inductor electric machine with electromagnetic excitation, consisting of the stator, magnetic packages stator winding of the excitation winding variable EMF, rotor magnetic packages rotor, wherein cylindrical turbine rotating stream of gas or other environment, as the rotor shaft has three magnetic gear package, which axially windings stator, are located at the outer diameter of the shaft of the turbine, offset by ⅓ suboroveho division and, not having an open magnetic air gap with the windings of the stator, forming a three-phase system reversible electric machine.