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Two-stroke piston engine. RU patent 2520276.

IPC classes for russian patent Two-stroke piston engine. RU patent 2520276. (RU 2520276):

F02B33/22 - with pumping cylinder situated at side of working cylinder, e.g. the cylinders being parallel

F02B29/06 - After-charging, i.e. supplementary charging after scavenging

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Engine with splitted cycle and method of its operation / 2517006
Invention can be used in internal combustion engines. Engine (10) comprises crankshaft (16), compression piston (20) fitted in compression cylinder (12), expansion piston (30) fitted in expansion cylinder (14) and adapter channel (22). Compression piston (20) reciprocates at intake and compression strokes at one revolution of crankshaft (16). Expansion piston (30) reciprocates at expansion and discharge strokes at one revolution of crankshaft (16). Adapter channel (22) communicates compression and expansion cylinders (12), (14) and comprises expansion valve (26). Engine (10) runs in ignition mode (EF mode) and features residual expansion at closure of valve (26) making 10 to 1, or higher. Invention discloses the engine operation.

Air-hybrid engine with splitted cycle and method of its operation / 2509902
Air-hybrid engine 10 with splitted cycle comprises crankshaft 16, compression piston 20 fitted in compression cylinder 12 and coupled with crankshaft 16 to reciprocate during intake and compression strokes, and expansion piston 30 arranged in expansion cylinder 14 and coupled with crankshaft 16 to reciprocate during expansion and discharge strokes at one revolution of crankshaft. Adapter channel 22 communicates compression and expansion cylinders 12 and 14 and comprises compression adapter valve 24 and expansion adapter valve 26 that make a pressure chamber. Air tank 40 is communicated with adapter channel 22 to act selectively so that compressed air from compression cylinder 12 is accumulated and compressed air is fed into expansion cylinder 14. Air tank valve 42 adjusts selectively the airflow in and out from air tank 40. Engine is operated in air expander and ignition modes (in AFF mode). In said mode, said engine has residual expansion stage at closure of expansion adapter valve 26 of 15.7:1 or larger. Invention describes operation of air-hybrid engine with splitted cycle.

Engine with splitted cycle (versions) / 2504670
Proposed engine 10 comprises crankshaft, expansion cylinder 14 with axial line 62, expansion piston 30 with top surface and outer perimeter, cylinder head 33 arranged above expansion cylinder 33 so that cylinder head bottom surface faces top surface 50 of expansion piston 30. Cylinder head 33 comprises transition cannel outlet 27 and discharge channel inlet. Discharge channel inlet and transition channel outlet 27 are arranged nearby expansion cylinder 14. Transition channel 22 communicates high-pressure gas source with expansion cylinder 14 via transition channel outlet 27. Transition expansion valve 26 is arranged in transition channel outlet 27 to communicate transition channel 22 with expansion cylinder 14 in expansion cycle. Exhaust valve 34 is arranged at exhaust channel inlet 31. Exhaust valve 34 communicates with expansion cylinder 14 or, therefrom, via discharge channel inlet 31 during expansion cycle. Recess 60 is located at top surface 50 of expansion piston 30 and includes bottom surface. Section of recess 60 covers the transition channel discharge section 27. Discharge channel inlet section 31 does not cover none section of recess 60. Recess depth is 1 to 3 times larger than expansion piston clearance. Said expansion piston clearance is the minimum distance along the line parallel with axial line 62 between expansion piston top surface 50 and cylinder head bottom surface 33 when expansion piston is at TDC. Recess depth represents the minimum distance along the line parallel with axial line 62 between recess bottom surface and expansion piston top surface 50. Invention covers the engine design version.

Two-stroke piston engine / 2493386
Engine comprises working cylinders with combustion chambers, air compression cylinder (compressor), discharge air header with fuel injectors and turbo compressor. Air is discharged by turbo compressor via blowoff valve in working cylinders in discharge stroke and from compressor cylinder into discharge air headers and, further, into working cylinders in discharge stroke at purging of cylinders. It proceeds in intake and compression strokes at working cylinder filling to terminate at compressor piston TDC when fuel ignites in working cylinder which corresponds to advance ignition (injection in the case of diesel engine).

Air hybrid engine with splitted cycle / 2487254
Air-hybrid engine 10 with splitted cycle comprises rotary crankshaft 16. Compression piston 20 is fitted in compression cylinder 12 to slide therein and is coupled with crankshaft 16. Compression piston 30 is fitted in compression cylinder 14 to slide therein and is coupled with crankshaft 16. Adapter channel 22 communicates compression and expansion channels 12 and 14. Adapter channel 22 comprises adapter compression valve 24 (XovrC valve) and adapter expansion valve 26 (XovrE valve) to make a pressure chamber. Air vessel 40 is communicated with adapter channel 22. Air vessel valve 44 communicates adapter channel 22 with air vessel 40. Air vessel valve 42 is located in vessel channel 44. Said channel 44 comprises first section 46 located between adapter channel 22 and valve 42. Said first section 46 features volume smaller that that of adapter channel 22 or equal thereto.

Splitted cycle engine (versions) and method of fuel injection / 2486356
Proposed engine comprises crankshaft 52, compression piston 74 fitted in compression cylinder 68 to slide therein and engaged with crankshaft 52 to reciprocate in intake and compression strokes per one revolution of crankshaft. It includes also adapter channel 78 communicating high pressure gas source with expansion cylinder 68 and fuel injector 90 to force fuel into adapter channel 78. Adapter expansion channel 86 controls communication between adapter channel 78 and expansion cylinder 68. Valve 86 comprises head and stem. Fuel injector 90 comprises set of orifices arranged at injector nozzle and directed to, at least, one target whereto fuel is forced to make, at least, one spray. At least, one target is located above adapter valve head seat 86 and between adapter channel walls 78 and expansion valve rod. Invention covers also design versions and method of fuel injection.

Splitted cycle engine and method of its operation / 2486355
Proposed engine comprises crankshaft 52, compression piston 72 fitted in compression cylinder 66 to slide therein and engaged with crankshaft 52 to reciprocate in intake and compression strokes per one rpm of crankshaft. Engine comprises expansion piston 74 fitted in compression cylinder 68 to slide therein and engaged with crankshaft 52 to reciprocate in expansion and exhaust strokes per one rpm of crankshaft. It includes, at least, two adapter channels 78 communicating said compression and expansion cylinders 66, 68. Each of said two channels 78 comprises adapter compression valve 84 and adapter expansion valve 86 to make pressure chamber 81 there between. Compression cylinder 66 receives air charge to compress it in, at least, one of said two adapter channels 78 per one crankshaft revolution. Invention covers designs versions and method of engine operation in idling.

Air-hybrid engine with splitted cycle and method of its operation / 2486354
Air-hybrid engine 10 with splitted cycle comprises rotary crankshaft 16. Compression piston 20 is fitted in compression cylinder 12 to slide therein and is coupled with crankshaft 16. Expansion piston 30 is fitted in expansion cylinder 14 to slide therein and is coupled with crankshaft 16. Adapter channel 22 communicates compression and expansion channels 12 and 14. Adapter channel 22 comprises adapter compression valve 24 (XovrC valve) and adapter expansion valve 26 (XovrE valve) to make a pressure chamber. Air vessel 40 is communicated with adapter channel 22. Valve 42 if air vessel 40 directs selectively airflow in air vessel and therefrom. Engine operates in air expansion and ignition modes (AEF mode). Note here that, in AEF mode, pressure in air vessel 40 makes about 5 absolute bars, or more, primarily, 7 absolute bars, preferably, 10 absolute bars, or higher. Invention covers also method of operation of aforesaid engine.

Internal combustion engine / 2449138
Engine comprises a compressor unit and a unit of working cylinders. At the same time it comprises combustion chambers, a crankcase with a conrod-free power converter of pistons movement, a sleeve group, a system of fuel mixture preparation and supply, suction and exhaust valves, a system of engine start-up, cooling and lubrication systems. According to the invention, the compressor unit is made as two or more staged with heat exchangers installed at each stage. The working unit is made of cylinders with working chambers and combustion chambers to prepare the fuel mix and burn it. At the same time the compressor unit and working units are connected to each other with an air duct through a receiver, a regenerator and an inlet valve and have rigid kinematic connection via the power conrod-free mechanism of pistons movement conversion.

Engine with split cycle and method for increasing air pressure in it / 2438023
Internal combustion engine (ICE) with split cycle includes crankshaft (52), compression (72) and expansion (74) pistons, compression (66) and expansion (68) cylinders, bypass channel (78, 79) and fuel injector (96). Compression piston (72) performs inlet and compression strokes per one revolution of crankshaft (52). Expansion piston (74) performs expansion and outlet strokes per one revolution of crankshaft (52). Bypass channel (78, 79) that connects compression (66) and expansion (68) cylinders and includes compression (86) and expansion (88) bypass valves with high pressure cavity between it. Fuel injector (96) is installed in pressure cavity of bypass channel (78, 79). Fuel injection with fuel injector (96) to bypass channel is performed fully during compression stroke of compression piston (66). Also, method for increasing air pressure in engine with split cycle is described. It consists in fuel injection with fuel injector (96) to bypass channel fully during compression stroke of compression piston.

Method for improving engine efficiency by increasing compression and contraction degree of ignition advance angle / 2468221
In gasoline engine with increased compression degree the outlet phase is ended several degrees prior to upper dead point (UDP), and two inlet valves (gasoline and air) have different phases. Air valve is opened prior to UDP, and gasoline valve is opened in several degrees after UDP, thus preventing the gasoline passage to the outlet system because the blowdown of combustion chamber is not performed with combustible mixture, but with air.

Method of operation of two-stroke forced cylinder filling engine / 2387849
Invention relates to engine production, namely to methods of operating two-stroke engines. Proposed invention consists in that a fraction of fresh charge is bypassed into exhaust manifold from cylinder space during its filling right after combustion products, together with filling a section of exhaust manifold. Due to complete shut-off of exhaust manifold by slide valve, a portion of combustion products is forced back towards cylinder spaces and portion of fresh charge is forced from exhaust manifold into cylinder space via release elements with blow-off operanings closed.

Diesel engine additional supercharging system / 2281407
Invention relates to supercharging devices of diesel engines. Proposed diesel engine supercharging system includes compressed air storage reservoirs connected with air distributor through air supply electromagnetic valve, and maximum pressure valve, main distributing pipeline and cylinders of diesel engine. Main distributing pipeline is divided into two parallel distributing pipelines. One of said pipelines is connected with group of odd cylinders of diesel engine through branch pipes and calibrated nozzles, and the other is connected by branch pipes through calibrated nozzles with group of even cylinders of diesel engine. Two branch pipes are connected to each cylinder. One of branch pipes from distributor pipeline is connected to intake valve at angle of 45°. Check valves are installed at inlet of each distributing pipeline. Automatic control system is used to provide accurate and distinct delivery of additional air, depending on operating conditions of diesel engine.

Two-stroke piston engine / 2520276
Proposed engine comprises working cylinders with intake openings, bypass valves, air compression chamber with discharge openings, pistons with con-rods of working cylinders, piston with con-rods and levers of compressor, crankshaft with compressor drive driving gear, compressor crankshaft with driven gear, cylinder head with compressor intake valves, discharge valves, fuel nozzles and combustion chambers. In compliance with this invention, air is fed from compressor compression chamber into working cylinder via compressor discharge opening, bypass valve and working cylinder intake opening at exhaust stroke at purge of working cylinder and at intake and compression strokes at filling of working cylinder. With compressor piston at TDC, working cylinder piston cuts off the intake opening to close the bypass valve.

Method of and engine for operation according to mechanical cycle / 2249709
Invention can be used in internal combustion engines, heat machine and power plants for converting reciprocating motion into rotation. Proposed method includes processes of compression and/or expansion with displacement of working members which is done by mechanisms containing crank. Expansion is provided by mechanisms with absolute energy parameters greater than those of mechanisms by means of which compression is done, and absolute energy parameters of mechanisms are chosen from equation A(λi,ρi,…)ϕ>A(λi,ρi,…)ψ where A is absolute energy parameter of mechanism containing crank; λi,ρi,…are relative values of links of mechanism containing crank providing asymmetrical displacement of working members in angle of crank turning. ϕ is angle of turning of crank of mechanism executing expansion or working stroke; ψ is angle of turning of crank of mechanism executing compression or preparatory stroke. Engine for implementing proposed method contains at least two cylinders with pistons mechanically connected through connecting rods with crank. First cylinder has offset, and second cylinder, axial slider-crank mechanisms. Mechanism of first cylinder is made with energy parameter greater than that of mechanism of second cylinder. Cylinders are interconnected by bypass channel which can be closed.

Method of compression and ignition of fuel mixture in two-piston engine with one combustion chamber / 2251006
According to proposed method of compression and ignition of fuel mixture in two-piston engine with one combustion chamber, compression is built by first and second pistons, with first piston moving with lead relative to second piston, as angles of cranks are within 0.1° and 90° between their planes of rotation and ignition of compressed fuel mixture is provided at definite moment of time. Method is aimed at providing minimum consumption of fuel per power unit of engine owing to the fact that maximum compression is built in one combustion chamber at definite moment of time when crank relating to second piston is within 90° - 0.1° relative to its top point not reaching the top point, and crank relating to first piston is from 30° relative to its top point before top point and to 60° relative to its top point, after its top point, and compressed mixture is ignited at definite moment of time. Said time moment is calculated from creating of 80% of maximum compression with increasing to maximum value and decreasing to 90% of maximum value.

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed engine comprises working cylinders with intake openings, bypass valves, air compression chamber with discharge openings, pistons with con-rods of working cylinders, piston with con-rods and levers of compressor, crankshaft with compressor drive driving gear, compressor crankshaft with driven gear, cylinder head with compressor intake valves, discharge valves, fuel nozzles and combustion chambers. In compliance with this invention, air is fed from compressor compression chamber into working cylinder via compressor discharge opening, bypass valve and working cylinder intake opening at exhaust stroke at purge of working cylinder and at intake and compression strokes at filling of working cylinder. With compressor piston at TDC, working cylinder piston cuts off the intake opening to close the bypass valve.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

5 dwg

The invention refers to engines, in particular to the piston internal combustion engines.

Known axial-piston engine, containing: the block of the working section with pairs of diametrically opposed placed cylinders with pistons, connecting rods and hinges with connecting rod tails in each; a cylinder block compressor section with pairs of diametrically opposed placed cylinders with pistons, connecting rods and hinges with connecting rod tails in each; main shaft with rigidly fixed on him inclined disks; the camshaft, continuing main shaft, with Cams; spatial-swinging washer, one for each pair of cylinders with Zapf, established through the bearings on the outer surface inclined drives; support levers; the cylinder head of operating section with combustion chambers changing the volume, check valves, held in the closed position, the air pressure of the channel, with inlet and outlet valves to the relief cavities connected to the exhaust manifolds channels, with nozzles, pushers, rods, beams; the cylinder head compressor section of check valves on the inlet and return valves on discharge of air, United pipes with check valves on the inlet of the air in the combustion chamber; the intake manifold; compressor, fuel pump (see the description of the invention to the patent RF №2410555, IPC F02 75/26, F02 75/04, F02D 15/04, publication 27.01.09).

The disadvantage of this engine is that: - separated combustion chamber complicates the design and reliability; - a considerable length of pressure ducts and device cylinder compression of air respectively to each work cylinder leads to lower power density per unit volume.

Known axial-piston engine, containing building, installed in the chassis, with the possibility of rotation in the bearings of the drive shaft with the first axis of symmetry and the crank, cylinder axes are parallel to the first axis of the drive shaft located in the cylinder pistons with rods, inclined washer with the second axis, and with the Central axle, the associated articulated with the crank, while inclined washer articulated connected by means of rods with pistons, crossbar with two oppositely located on the third axis of the pins that are installed articulated in the body into the bearing supports, in addition inclined washer made with the possibility of swing on two oppositely located on the fourth axis of the pins that are installed articulated in the cross the bearing, while the fourth axis is perpendicular to the third axis and intersect at a common point with the first, second and third axes (see the description of the invention to the patent RF №2272920, IPC F02 75/26, F01 3/02, publication 27.03.2006).

The disadvantages of this engine, taken as a prototype, is the placement of the combustion chamber in the working cylinder, which leads to delay the onset of stroke stroke and thus to reduce the power and efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of two-stroke piston engine.

Summary of the invention consists in that two-stroke piston internal combustion engine contains a cylinder block with the working cylinder, the intake Windows cylinders, with a by-pass valves, with the cavity of the compression of air and exhaust Windows cavity compressed air (compressor); pistons with rods of working cylinders; piston rods and levers of the compressor; the crankshaft with pinion drive of compressor; compressor crankshaft driven gear; the cylinder head inlet valve compressor exhaust valves, nozzles fuel, combustion chambers; camshafts. Outlet ports are at the top of the cavity of the compression of air and provides the bypass air in the working cylinder when the piston compressor from the LDP to HDP Inlet box is used in working cylinders at the height of ensuring the bypass air from the cavity of the compressor by blowing and the initial stage of the compression and provide the required degree of compression in the second stage of compression beginning after overlap work piston inlet Windows. Piston compressor made in the section of elongated shape that makes it possible to locate the cavity of the compressed air at a distance from the working rolls, allowing to blow air from inside the compressed air compressor volumetric steps sequentially through the final Windows, relief valves, intake window in working cylinders in the process of discharge stroke by blowing cylinders, in the process quanta intake and compression during the filling of the working cylinder, which reduces the loss of power from the engine to the air compression. The description is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows piston engine, the General view in the longitudinal section;

figure 2 - the same, left side in a cross section a-a;

figure 3 - same, left side view cross-section b-b;

figure 4 - the same, the General view in the longitudinal section C-C;

figure 5 - the same, top view.

Two-stroke piston internal combustion engine contains:

- cylinder block 1 with working rolls inlet 2 and Windows 3 working cylinders 2, with a by-pass valves 4, with the cavity 5 compression of air (compressor) and exhaust Windows 6 cavity compressed air 5,

- pistons 7 with rods 8 working cylinders 2;

- piston 9 with rods 10, 11, leverage 12 compressor 5;

- crankshaft 13 with pinion 14 compressor drive 5;

- crankshaft 15 compressor 5 driven gear 16;

- cylinder head with 17 inlet 18 valves of the compressor 5, graduation 19 valves, nozzles 20 fuel, combustion chambers 21;

- camshafts 22.

Two-stroke piston engine works as follows. Pistons 7, 9 make back-and-forth motion of the cylinder 1. With piston 9 TDC closes the bypass valve 4 and the inlet valve is opened 18 compressor 5. When the piston 9 compressor 5 from the HDP to the LDP air fills the cavity 5 compression of the air compressor. When the piston 9 compressor 5 LDP closes the inlet valve 18 and when clearing the air pressure in the cavity of the compressed air 5 with the pressure of exhaust gases in the working cylinder 2 open the bypass valve 4. The beginning of the cycle air intake. After the purge of cylinder 2 exhaust air through the exhaust box 6, bypass valves 4, inlet box 3 closed discharge valve 19. The beginning of the cycle of compression, the initial stage of which is to compress the air in the cavity 5 compressed air compressor, combustion chamber 21, the working cylinder 2. When the piston 9 compressor 5 HDP piston 7 closes the inlet box 3 and closes the bypass valve 4. The cycle ends intake. Continues the compression of air in the second stage in the working cylinder 2 and the combustion chamber 21. When the piston 7 provisions of the corresponding corner of injection of fuel, through the jet 20 fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 21. When reaching the working piston 7 HDP ends the cycle of compression and begins the cycle of stroke. At the approach of the working piston 7 to LDP exhaust valve opens 19. The beginning of a release cycle. When the piston 7 in the cylinder 2 to the LDP and further movement from the LDP to HDP waste gases are forced out of the working cylinder 2 through the open exhaust valve 19. When you open the corresponding by-pass valve 4 begins the ousting of exhaust gases from the working cylinder 2 air. After blowing exhaust valve closes 19. The end of the release cycle.

Reciprocating motion of the piston 7 through the connecting rods 8 is transformed into a rotary movement of a cranked shaft 13. Leading 14 gear driven gear 16 serve to increase the frequency of crankshaft rotation 15, ensure through the connecting rods 10, levers 12, rods 11 frequency of air compression piston 9 is equal to the frequency of strokes in working cylinders 2. Rotation frequency of the crankshaft 15 compressor 5 directly proportional to the rotational speed of a crankshaft 13 and the number of working cylinders 2. Management located in the cylinder head 17 inlet 18 valves of the compressor 5, exhaust valves 19, located in the cylinder block, relief valves 4 is camshafts 22.

Implementation of the invention will allow to increase efficiency of two-stroke engine.

Two-stroke piston engine, containing: - block working rolls and intake Windows cylinders, with a by-pass valves, with the cavity compression air prom Windows cavity compressed air (compressor), with piston, connecting rods, lever; - pistons with rods of working cylinders; - piston with rod, the levers of compressor; - the crankshaft with gear drive of compressor; - compressor crankshaft driven gear; - the cylinder head with combustion chambers, intake, exhaust valves, nozzles fuel injection; - camshafts, wherein the air is supplied from the cavity of the compression of the compressor in the working cylinder sequentially through the exhaust port of the compressor bypass valve and the intake window of the working cylinder in the process quantum issue during the blowing of the working cylinder, and also in the process quanta intake and compression during the filling of the working cylinder, and when the piston compressor top dead center piston working cylinder covers the inlet window, and closed the bypass valve.