|
IPC classes for russian patent Water-steam arc heater (RU 2518171):
Another patents in same IPC classes:
 Electric-arc plasmatron with water stabilisation of electric-arc / 2506724
Invention relates to electric-arc plasmatrons with water stabilisation of electric-arc, and can be effectively used when cutting any metal. The electric-arc plasmatron has coaxially and series-arranged cooled cathode assembly, insulator, swirl chamber, a system for feeding plasma-supporting gas and liquid and an anode assembly with an anode nozzle, placed in the inter-electrode gap relative the cathode assembly and forming a cavity for liquid stabilisation transitioning at the outlet into a water screen. The cavity in the anode nozzle is made of two interfaced conical surfaces: a wall which is 2/3 of the length of the initial section of the cavity makes an inclination angle α1=5-10°, then α2=30-45° to the cylindrical section at the outlet, the length of which is equal to 0.5-0.8 times its diameter, wherein parameters of the anode nozzle define the nature of liquid stabilisation of the plasma jet and protective characteristics of the water collector-distributor.
 Melting furnace of plasma arc melting unit / 2504929
Into a melting furnace of a plasma arc melting unit, which includes a cathode and an anode there introduced is a sealed vacuumed housing connected to the cathode and the anode by means of high-temperature sealed lead-ins based on aluminium oxide, an annular insert coaxially enveloping the cathode and electrically isolated from it, and a set of cylindrical rings alternating with washers and contacting the inner surface of the housing. Rings and washers are made from a titanium sponge and have different inner diameters; besides, in the annular insert there is a coaxial cavity filled with a porous structure saturated with alkali metal and open on the end facing to the cathode.
 Plant for plasma-arc melting / 2486718
Plant for plasma-arc melting comprises an arc melting furnace, including an anode, a cathode communicated with a source of an alkaline metal, a heater and a power supply source. The plant additionally comprises a process block with a vacuumising system, inside of which a heater in the form of a rod is mounted. At the same time the source with the alkaline metal is made in the form of a tight ampoule communicated with the cathode. Besides, the anode, cathode and ampoule are placed in a tight vacuumised ampoule, and the heater contacts with the capsule at the cathode side.
 Electric arc dc furnace / 2486717
Electric arc DC furnace comprises a melting chamber casing, a vault 3 and a vault electrode 4, the first and second bottom electrodes 5, 6, three DC electromagnets 9, multiple heat-sensitive elements 10 in the form of thermocouples, a unit 11 of electromagnets 9 control, an additional low-voltage DC source 24. Multiple thermocouples are arranged above the level 15 of the melted material at the distance of not more than 0.5 metre from each other so that their hot junctions contact directly the heated surface of the lining layer 2. To avoid melting of the lining layer 2 of the thermocouple, temperature on it is monitored. To return the electric arc to the centre of the melting chamber in case of its deviation, along its external diameter there are three electromagnets 9 installed, centres of which are arranged above the maximum level 15 of the metal melt inside the melting chamber, and axes of the specified electromagnets 9 are arranged at the angle of 120 degrees relative to each other. Control of arc position is carried out depending on overheating of the lining layer 2 area adjacent to this or that thermocouple. Efficiency increases by 10÷15%, productivity increases approximately twice due to the longer service life of the lining layer and reduced specific consumption of energy by at least 5-6%, improved environmental purity of space around the electric arc furnace.
 Reducing method of metals from oxides / 2476035
Reducing method of metals from oxides refers to reducing technologies of metals from non-organic oxides, at which preparation of homogeneous mixture is performed from ultradisperse powders of metal oxide and carbon, supply of prepared mixture under pressure to high-temperature zone in the well, which is formed with plasmatron jet, decomposition of metal oxide with formation of carbon dioxide that is removed through upper tuyeres of the well, and finished product is removed in the form of ultradisperse metal powder through tap holes in lower part of the well.
 Electromagnet process reactor / 2432719
Electromagnet process reactor comprises a reaction chamber, having a bottom, side walls and a cover, devices for input of processed materials and output of products after processing, rod electrodes arranged at identical distance from the longitudinal axis, an electromagnet in the form of a closed yoke covering the reaction chamber with three symmetrical pole tips, where there are series windings with the possibility to develop a transverse magnetic field and with current passing through them. Additionally installed rod electrode is arranged in the chamber centre with the possibility of its displacement - lifting and lowering, and rod electrodes of the reactor installed at the angle of 5-7° relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber, which provide for adjustment of notch heating temperature and melt flow leaking from the notch.
 Method and device for obtaining compact ingots from powder materials / 2406276
Method and device for obtaining compact ingots from powder materials, which involves heating of powders of zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, thorium, titanium, beryllium and alloys on their basis in plasma discharge of hollow hot cathode to the temperature of their ductility or fusion with further obtaining of compact ingot of electron-beam quality. Device consists of vacuum chamber (1) in upper part of which there is water-cooled plasmotron (2) with hollow tantalum cathode fixed on it by means of thread. Inert gas supply method provides separate supply of inert gases in three circuits; at that, as carrier gas there used is argon which is supplied together with freely flowing powder through water-cooled tube (3), and as stabilising gas there used is vortex helium flow which is supplied between tube (3) and external cathode.
 Electric arc plasmatron / 2387107
Proposed electric arc plasmatron includes hollow cylindrical housing, in which there coaxially installed is hollow cylindrical current lead, hollow cylindrical blind electrode, gas swirler, and outlet nozzle. According to invention, blind edge of hollow electrode is isolated from current lead; at that, electric current is supplied to open edge of electrode through contact surface. In addition, between current lead and external surface of hollow electrode there installed is separator so that cooling liquid is supplied to open edge of hollow electrode, and cooling liquid is discharged to blind edge of electrode.
 Transformer plasma generator with dielectric discharge chamber / 2379860
Invention relates to plasma devices, namely to transformer low-temperature plasma generators and can be used in chemistry of plasma and metallurgy, as well as in lasers. Transformer plasma generator comprises water-cooled discharge chamber 2 with gas inlet 1 and plasma jet outlet 7, and at least one magnetic core 5 with primary windings 4. Gas inlet 1 has flow swirlers 3. Plasma jet outlets 7 are arranged on opposite ends of chamber 2. One of magnetic cores, apart from the main cores, incorporates plasma ignition extra windings. Discharge chamber 2 made from dielectric material comprises at least one buffer gas inlet 6 and at least one plasma jet outlet.
 / 2251824
 / 2270536
 / 2298889
 Method of arc discharge creation in plasmatron / 2355135
Invention concerns electric equipment and is intended for arc discharge creation in plasmatron. Method of arc discharge creation in plasmatron involves distributed supply of work body (gas) along the length of separate tubular inserts (neutrodes) with axial and tangential speed component and specified flow rates, excitation of auxiliary discharge, and work arc ignition. According to the method, idling voltage (Ui) of electric power source is specified, optimum quantity of neutrodes depending on idling voltage is set, length of first neutrode upstream of the gas flow within laminar arc section length is defined, and threshold value of idling voltage to neutrode radius is calculated. Each next neutrode length is 1.3-2.2 times shorter than previous one. At Ui up to 600 V threshold value is (70-80)·10-3 V/m, at Ui up to 1500 V - (100-115)·10-3 V/m, at Ui up to 5000 V - (200-220)·10-3 V/m. Neutrode radius for specified idling voltage is defined by obtained threshold values. After launching operational supply of gas and arc current plasmatron is launched. At idling voltage up to 600 V it is reasonable to form plasmatron with one neutrode, at up to 1500 V - with two neutrodes, at up to 5000 V - with four neutrodes.
 Analytical gas plasmatron head / 2366119
Invention concerns instrument engineering, namely analytical instrumentation for spectral analysis and can be used in atomisers and atomic exciters for analysed samples. An analytical gas plasmatron head comprises a body with a nozzle and a power electrode coaxial therewith, a cooling system for the nozzle and power electrode, and an orifice gas feeder to an interelectrode chamber formed by the power electrode and the body with a nozzle. The nozzle and the power electrode represent axially symmetric equidistant thin-walled envelopes made of the material characterised by high electrical and thermal conduction. The walls thereof compose a part of flow passage of the cooling system.
Transformer plasma generator with dielectric discharge chamber / 2379860
Invention relates to plasma devices, namely to transformer low-temperature plasma generators and can be used in chemistry of plasma and metallurgy, as well as in lasers. Transformer plasma generator comprises water-cooled discharge chamber 2 with gas inlet 1 and plasma jet outlet 7, and at least one magnetic core 5 with primary windings 4. Gas inlet 1 has flow swirlers 3. Plasma jet outlets 7 are arranged on opposite ends of chamber 2. One of magnetic cores, apart from the main cores, incorporates plasma ignition extra windings. Discharge chamber 2 made from dielectric material comprises at least one buffer gas inlet 6 and at least one plasma jet outlet.
Electric arc plasmatron / 2387107
Proposed electric arc plasmatron includes hollow cylindrical housing, in which there coaxially installed is hollow cylindrical current lead, hollow cylindrical blind electrode, gas swirler, and outlet nozzle. According to invention, blind edge of hollow electrode is isolated from current lead; at that, electric current is supplied to open edge of electrode through contact surface. In addition, between current lead and external surface of hollow electrode there installed is separator so that cooling liquid is supplied to open edge of hollow electrode, and cooling liquid is discharged to blind edge of electrode.
Method and device for obtaining compact ingots from powder materials / 2406276
Method and device for obtaining compact ingots from powder materials, which involves heating of powders of zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, thorium, titanium, beryllium and alloys on their basis in plasma discharge of hollow hot cathode to the temperature of their ductility or fusion with further obtaining of compact ingot of electron-beam quality. Device consists of vacuum chamber (1) in upper part of which there is water-cooled plasmotron (2) with hollow tantalum cathode fixed on it by means of thread. Inert gas supply method provides separate supply of inert gases in three circuits; at that, as carrier gas there used is argon which is supplied together with freely flowing powder through water-cooled tube (3), and as stabilising gas there used is vortex helium flow which is supplied between tube (3) and external cathode.
Electromagnet process reactor / 2432719
Electromagnet process reactor comprises a reaction chamber, having a bottom, side walls and a cover, devices for input of processed materials and output of products after processing, rod electrodes arranged at identical distance from the longitudinal axis, an electromagnet in the form of a closed yoke covering the reaction chamber with three symmetrical pole tips, where there are series windings with the possibility to develop a transverse magnetic field and with current passing through them. Additionally installed rod electrode is arranged in the chamber centre with the possibility of its displacement - lifting and lowering, and rod electrodes of the reactor installed at the angle of 5-7° relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber, which provide for adjustment of notch heating temperature and melt flow leaking from the notch.
|
FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of electric engineering and namely to electric arc gas heaters (plasma guns) used for receipt of stationary flows of low-temperature gas plasma of different gases, and it may be used in chemical industry and metallurgy, machine engineering and power generation sectors and for environment protection as well. In the water-steam arc heater containing in-series connected and installed along the longitudinal axis an electrode-anode, a ring for working gas delivery and an electrode-cathode, inner surface of the inner electrode-anode and a narrowed part of the output electrode-cathode are covered closely by the adjoining metal tube with low thermal conductivity and thickness of the wall equal to δ=(4÷8)·10-3m, through which cooling of the inner electrode-anode is made partially, and the narrowed part of the output electrode-cathode. The ratios of the electrode dimensions are as follows: d1/d2=1.1÷1.3, l1/d1=1.5÷4, l2/d2=3÷7, D1/d1≥1.5, D2/d2≥1.6, where d1, d2 are diameters of the narrowed parts (m), D1, D2 are diameters of the expanded parts (m), l1, l2 are lengths of the narrowed parts (m) of the inner electrode-anode and output electrode-cathode respectively.
EFFECT: increasing operational life of heater.
1 dwg
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely electric arc heaters gas (plasma)that is used to obtain the stationary flow of low temperature plasma of various gases, and can be applied in the chemical and metallurgical industry, mechanical engineering, energy, environment.
Known electric arc heater water vapor from the end of the tungsten cathode pad insert and a stepped output electrode [USSR Author's certificate No. 792614, CL H05B 7/18, 1980]. It is distinguished by high efficiency and stability of arc burning, but a resource of continuous operation is limited mainly tungsten cathode. To protect it from oxidative environments, you need to apply quite expensive gases (argon, pure nitrogen), which essentially are and pollutants steam plasma.
The aim of the invention is the creation of a continuously operating device for heating water vapor without the use of protective gases.
This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed arc heater water vapor containing successively installed along a longitudinal axis of the inner hollow stepped tapering cylindrical electrode-anode ring twist for supplying a plasma-forming gas and hollow output speed of the expanding cylindrical power is the cathode, according to the invention the outer surface of the inner electrode is the anode and narrowed portion of the output electrode of the cathode covered by a tightly fitting metal tube with low heat conductivity, for example, stainless steel, wall thickness which δ=(4÷8)·10-3m, through which is indirectly cooling the inner electrode is the anode and narrowed portion of the output electrode is a cathode length of no more than 4d2. Also in the proposed arc heater water vapor according to the invention the ratio of the diameters of the tapered part of the inner electrode-anode d1and the output electrode (cathode) d2is d1/d2=1,1÷1,3, length l1to the diameter d1narrowed portion of the inner electrode-anode - l1/d1=1,5÷4, the ratio of length l2to the diameter d2narrowed portion of the output electrode of the cathode - l2/d2=3÷7, the ratio of the diameter D1the extended portion of the inner electrode is the anode to the diameter d1his narrowed part - D1/d1≥1.5, the ratio of the diameter D2the extended portion of the output electrode (cathode) to the diameter d2his narrowed part - D2/d2≥1.6.
Figure 1 shows a diagram of the electric arc heater water vapor. Arc heater water vapor consists of a copper inner power is a-anode 1 and the output electrode-cathode 2-stage geometry, insulator 3 between the electrodes and the ring 4 twist the plasma gas. Ring twist 4 plasma-forming gas (water vapor) is located between the electrodes. The inner electrode is an anode made in the form of a stepped tapering cylinder in the direction of gas flow. The outer surface of the electrode 1 and the outer surface of the tapered portion of the electrode 2 with a length l2covered by a metal pipe 5 with low heat conductivity, for example, stainless steel. Through the metal pipe 5 stainless steel is cooled indirectly inner electrode is the anode 1 and the tapered portion of the output electrode of the cathode 2 is no longer than 4d2where d2- the diameter of the narrowed portion of the output electrode is a cathode. The wall thickness of the pipe 5 is determined by the current load and the magnitude of the heat losses in the electrodes, in which the temperature of the working surfaces of the inner electrode, the anode 1 and the output electrode of the cathode 2 on the long skinny part of the l2above the saturation temperature of water vapor to prevent condensation of steam in these places. The recommended size of the pipe wall thickness δ=(4÷8)·10-3m When the input gas large part due to the difference of the diameters of the tapered portions of the electrodes d1/d2=1,1-1,3 enters into the inner electrode is the anode, and lower in output electrode is the cathode. The ratio of the length of the narrowed part of the inland is its electrode-anode 1 l 1to the diameter of its narrower part of the d1is l1/d1=1,5÷4, and the ratio of the length of the narrowed portion of the output electrode (cathode) 2 l2to the diameter of its narrower part of the d2is l2/d2=3÷7. The relationship of the diameters of the extended portions of the electrodes to the narrowed parts of the form D1/d1≥1.5 and D2/d2≥1,6 respectively to electrodes 1 and 2.
Start plasma torch is heated up to 150°C the air by the breakdown of the interelectrode gap oscillator. After heating all elements of the discharge chamber of the plasma torch when burning arc in air for 3-4 minutes is a smooth transition to the dry superheated steam with decreasing air flow. To prevent condensation of steam on the working surface of the electrodes of the inner electrode is the anode and the tapered portion of the output electrode of the cathode is cooled indirectly through the metal pipe is made of stainless steel, and the extended portion of the electrode-the cathode is cooled by water directly.
Example
An electric torch with an internal electrode-anode stepped geometry with dimensions d1=19,8·10-3m, D1=3,5·10-2m, l1=30,3·10-3m and the output stage electrode-cathode dimensions d2=16·10-3m, D2=2,6·10-2m, l2=7,6·10-2m is the thickness of the pipe wall stainless steel δ=6·10 -3m is tested on a test stand. Plasma gas - dry water vapor with a temperature of 250°C, flow rate - (2,5÷4,1)·10-3kg/s At an amperage arc discharge 250-300 And the voltage drop across the arc was 320-340 Century When the power of the plasma torch 80-100 kW thermal efficiency was 60-65%. The arc is stable, the pulsation of the discharge parameters did not exceed 7-8%.
The constructive scheme of the proposed arc plasma torch is quite simple, and the variation of the geometrical dimensions of the electrodes and flow rate of water vapor possible the creation of a series of technological plasma torches of various capacities from 50 to 1000 kW.
Arc heater water vapor containing successively installed along a longitudinal axis of the inner hollow stepped tapering cylindrical electrode-anode ring gas feed and output hollow stepped extending electrode is a cathode, characterized in that the outer surface of the inner electrode is the anode and narrowed portion of the output electrode of the cathode covered by a tightly fitting metal tube with low heat conductivity, for example, stainless steel, wall thickness which δ=(4÷8)·10-3m, through which is indirectly cooling the inner electrode is the anode and narrowed portion of the output electrode is a cathode length of no more than 4d2 ratio of the geometric dimensions of the electrodes are: d1/d2=1,1÷1,3, l1/d1=1,5÷4, l2/d2=3÷7, D1/d1≥1,5, D2/d2≥1,6, where d1d2- the diameters of the tapered parts (m), D1D2- diameters of the extended parts (m), l1, l2- the length of the narrowed part (m) of the internal electrode-electrode and the output electrode is a cathode, respectively.
|
Method of automatic control of plasmatron operation mode and device for its implementation / 2389055