Liquid pressure sensor. RU patent 2513633.
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 Pressure nozzle / 2276340Pressure nozzle comprises tip with inner passage and outer pipe rigidly connected with the tip. The ring slot is made at a distance of 3d (where d is the outer diameter of the pipe) from the front end of the tip and is connected with the inner passage of the outer pipe. Additional radial through openings are arranged symmetrically in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pressure nozzle. The openings at the second section are turned with respect to these positioned at the upstream section at an angle of 45°. The total area of the additional openings is equal to area of the slot. |
 Full pressure receiver / 2282198Receiver comprises receiving tube (1) whose inlet port face toward the flow and casing (2) connected with receiving tube (1) via porous wall (3). The space (4) defined between the tube and casing is ring-shaped in cross-section and is connected with a source of coolant, e.g. nitrogen, through pipeline (5). Receiving tube (1) receives pressure transducer (6) to define deceleration chamber (7) provided with needle nozzle (8). |
 Air pressure gage / 2314505Air pressure gage is made of round cone (1) and comprises central opening (3) and peripheral receiving openings (4) and (5). Plate (7) abuts against the bottom face of the gage. The area of the plate exceeds the area of the bottom face. Receiving opening (6) for measuring Mach number and static pressure is made in the plate. |
 Air pressure gage / 2314506Air pressure gage is shaped into pyramid (1) and comprises intake (3) made in the front side of the pyramid, peripheral receiving openings (4) and (5) made in sides (6) and (7) of the pyramid and receiving opening (8) made in side (9) of the pyramid that is set against the wind. The half-angle between the sides (6) and (7) should be larger than the minimum absolute value of the flow bevel angle. |
FIELD: construction.
SUBSTANCE: liquid pressure sensor comprises a sensitive element, converting pressure into an electric signal, a power supply cable, a hollow receiver of pressure and a pneumatic line of compressed gas supply communicating with the pressure receiver, which at the inlet is equipped with stop valves and connections for connection of a reference meter of gas pressure and source of compressed air.
EFFECT: higher reliability and expansion of functional capabilities of a device.
7 cl, 1 dwg
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering construction, namely to the definition of hydrostatic fluid pressure in groundwater areas.
A device for determining the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid in the ground arrays, presents electric pressure sensor liquid [1], for example by piezomanipulator, which includes the receiver liquid pressure sensor element that converts pressure into an electrical signal, and an electric cord.
Mortgage electric sensors fluid pressure during operation cannot be extracted from the soil to perform their verification and calibration and cannot be replaced. As a result, if you change the metrological characteristics of the sensing element measurement accuracy over time is reduced. A significant drawback of the application of electrical pressure sensors is that at the point of buildings and grounds, where access by means of boreholes difficult or impossible, after the failure of electrical sensors completely lost the ability to control the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid.
A device for determining the level of liquid in tanks, reservoirs and in monitoring wells, presents bubbling different gauges modifications [2, 3, 4], which are the main items include bubble tube, immersed in the liquid, a source of compressed air to the pneumatic line of compressed air compressed air at the entrance to bubble up and electrical gauge pressure or gauge, connected to the pneumatic lines.
When observing the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid in the ground arrays bubbling devices (sensors) can be found very limited use, and it is only in the grounds, not hindering the withdrawal of gas from the bubbler tubes into the atmosphere. But with such limited their use significant disadvantage of this application will be to the high cost of construction structures bubbling level and high labor-intensiveness of observations.
The claimed invention is closest in his first appointment considered similar - electric sensor fluid pressure.
The task, which is directed by the invention consists in increasing the reliability of the results of observations of the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid at those points soil mass, where access through boreholes difficult or impossible.
The achieved technical result consists in providing the possibility of performing periodical checking and calibration of electric equipment of the pressure sensor of liquid, as well as to provide opportunities for observation and after the failure of its electrical equipment.
The specified task is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the pressure sensor of liquid, equipped with a receiver pressure sensor element that converts pressure into an electrical signal, and power cord, according to the invention provided with hollow pressure receiver and communicating with him pneumatic line of compressed gas, which inlet is equipped with connection to connect the reference meter of gas pressure and compressed gas source.
Optional:
- pressure receiver equipped with a level switch in liquids in its cavity;
- the sensor element, passing the pressure on his sensitive the item is equipped with a camera hydraulic valve;
receiver pressure and/or pneumatic line is equipped with temperature sensors;
- as a supply of compressed gas is used cavity inside the cable at the power supply;
receiver pressure elongated bubble tube;
- the volume of the cavity of the receiver pressure satisfies the condition:
V p R & GE; V l and n x ( P m and to with P m and n - 1 ) ,where V PR - volume cavity pressure receiver;
V Lin - volume cavity pneumatic lines;
R max R min - minimum and maximum range of definitions of fluid pressure by measuring the pressure of the compressed gas in pneumatic lines, blocked at the entrance after the displacement of the liquid to the level installation level switch in liquids. It is the equipment of the pressure sensor liquid hollow pressure receiver and communicating with him pneumatic supply line of compressed gas, which inlet is equipped with connection to connect the reference meter of gas pressure and compressed gas source, provides a solution of the set task and achievement of specified technical result.
The invention is illustrated by drawings in figure 1, which shows the pressure sensor of liquid installed at the base of the dam. Fragments of a dam on the drawing shows schematically.
The pressure sensor of liquid 1, installed during the construction of the dam in its base-2 under the anti-filtration screen 3, i.e. in the place, where in the period of operation of the dam access through the drill holes are impossible with reciever 4, elongated bubble tube 5, perforated, in its lower part 6, and connected to the receiver pressure 4 electric pressure sensor of liquid 7 sensor 8 converting the pressure into an electrical signal, and a level switch in liquids 9, for example, the most durable contact alarm, triggered when snapping to water his bare electrical contacts.
Additionally, the pressure sensor 1 is equipped with a power cable 10 electric pressure sensor 7, power cable 11 level switch in liquids 9 and pneumatic line 12 compressed gas, communicating with the cavity of his reciever 4.
Power cables 10 and 11 withdrawn from the soil mass remote control (not shown).
Pneumatic line 12 at the entrance (outside of soil mass) equipped with isolation valves (gate valves 13 and 14), junction 15 for the connection of source of compressed gas 16 (compressor and compressed gas) and junction 17 to connect the reference meter of gas pressure 18 (exemplary precision pressure gauge or pressure sensor).
To control temperature of compressed gas with the set step in length to the pneumatic line 12 is connected sensors (not shown).
The drawings marked and other elements of the pressure sensor of liquid 1 and environment, namely:
19 - camera hydraulic valve, preventing the access of gas to electric pressure sensor 7;
20 - the water level in the cavity pressure receiver 4 before testing and/or calibration of electric pressure sensor 7;
21 - the surface of depression filtration flow in the lower wedge dam;
22 - berm on the lower slope of the dam.
The pressure sensor of liquid 1 works as follows.
After entering the dam into operation, raising the level of water in the soil massif above the level of the sensor-pressure liquid 1 and filling with water cavity of the receiver fluid pressure 4 in calibration and miscalibration intervals hydrostatic pressure of water at the point of installation perforated liquid receiver 6 is determined using electric pressure sensor 7.
Measurement mostly carried out at open gate valves 13 and 14 and disconnected the source of compressed gas 16, ie at atmospheric pressure in pneumatic lines 12. If you want to restrict pneumatic filling line 12 water, such as observations of hydrate accumulations pressure groundwater in pneumatic lines 12 can be created excess pressure of compressed gas, supporting its freezing part in the dried state and reduce the evaporation of water in it. In this case, after you create in pneumatic lines 12 gauge pressure of compressed gas measuring electric pressure sensor 7 are closed valve 14.
In both cases examined full hydrostatic water pressure P well,i at the point of installation perforated liquid receiver 6 calculated by the formula:
R W,i =P GPR,i +p W i x h,
where P GPR,i - full hydrostatic water pressure in the cavity pressure receiver 4, measured electric pressure sensor 7 kg/m 2 ;
p well,i is the density of the water in the reciever 4 when the actual temperature, kg/m 3 ;
h - height exaltation of electric pressure sensor 7 above perforated liquid receiver 6 bubble tube 5, M.
Verification and/or calibration of electric pressure sensor 7 runs periodically, at the appointed time, without removal from soil mass.
For carrying out the verification and/or calibration of electric pressure sensor 7 after connection of the pneumatic line 12 source of compressed gas 16 is the displacement of compressed gas water from the cavity pressure receiver 4 to receipt of a signal from point level sensor 9. Then in the process of stepwise increase of pressure in pneumatic lines 12 each time the supply of compressed gas are measuring the hydrostatic pressure of water in the chamber of the hydraulic valve 19 and at the same time the pressure of a compressed gas at the beginning of the pneumatic line 12. If barriers to the release of gas into the pores of the soil, for example, placing a bubble tube 5 in slabovodopronitsaemyh the base of 2, the increasing pressure of compressed gas stops until the eviction of all the water from bubble tube 5.
In the process of stepwise increase of pressure compressed gas hydrostatic water pressure in the chamber of the hydraulic valve 19 measured electric pressure sensor 7, subject to verification and/or calibration, control pressure of a compressed gas at the beginning of the pneumatic line 12 is done using the reference meter of gas pressure 18.
A number of errors δ i electrical pressure sensor 7 within the range of the measured them pressures, on the basis of full equality of pressures two media at the border of their section, is calculated by the formula:
δ I =(P g,i +p g i x h )-(P W i p W x h W ),
where R g i - the total pressure of the gas in the beginning of the pneumatic line 12 at the connection point of the reference meter of gas pressure 18 kg/m 2 ;
h W - the height of the elevation of the water level in the chamber of the hydraulic valve 19 over the electric pressure sensor 7, m
After calculation of the number of errors δ i determined amendments output signals electric pressure sensor 7, necessary for the correct measurement results.
In case of duplication of electric pressure sensor 7 for further operation next periodic observations are carried out with the use of the reference meter of gas pressure 18. For reduction of time for water displacement from pneumatic lines 12 and from the reciever 4 in them at the closed latch 14 remains excessive pressure of compressed gas, supporting receiver pressure 4 close to a half-empty state.
At high water level in the receiver pressure 4 directly before the test pressure measurement of compressed gas in pneumatic lines 12 running water displacement from the receiver pressure 4 to level installation level switch in liquids 9. At low water level in the receiver pressure 4 before the test pressure measurement of compressed gas in the pneumatic line 12 is the reduction of pressure compressed gas until the filling pressure receiver 4 water to the level installation level switch in liquids 9.
During the test measurement pressure of compressed gas full hydrostatic water pressure P well,i at the point of installation perforated liquid receiver 6 is calculated by the formula:
P W,i =P g,i +p g,i h h g +p W i x h,
where P g i - the total pressure of the gas in the beginning of the pneumatic line 12 in the point of connection of the reference meter gas pressure 18, kg/m;
p g i - calculated density of compressed gas in the pneumatic line 12 at pressure P g,i and the actual temperature of the compressed gas, kg/m 3 ;
h-the height of exaltation of the reference meter of gas pressure 18 above the level switch in liquids 9, m;
p well,i is the density of the water in the sink pressure 4 when the actual temperature, kg/m 3 ;
h - the height of the elevation of the level switch in liquids 9 above perforated liquid receiver 6, m
Having the results of control measurements of pressure compressed gas and determine the hydrostatic pressure of water at its level in the receiver pressure 4, equal to the level installation level switch in liquids 9, further define the hydrostatic pressure of water some time may be carried out without additional feeding the compressed gas into the reciever 4 and without release of compressed gas from it.
When the level switch in liquids 9 the center reciever 4 permissible range of definitions pressure water without additional feeding the compressed gas into the reciever 4 and without release of compressed gas to be used in this specific case of pressure sensor 1 can be determined from the following relationships:
P W , i = P m and to with + P m and n 2 P m and to with P m and n = V p R + V l and n V l and n ,where R W i - hydrostatic pressure of water at the point of installation perforated liquid receiver 6 at follow its definition;
R max R min - minimum and maximum range of definitions of water pressure by measuring the pressure of the compressed gas in pneumatic lines 12, blocked the entrance after being dismissed from the water to the level installation level switch in liquids 9;
V PR - volume cavity pressure receiver 4;
V Lin - volume cavity pneumatic line 12.
Hydrostatic water pressure P well,i in permissible range of definitions pressure by measuring the pressure of the compressed gas in pneumatic lines 12, blocked the entrance after being dismissed from the water to the level installation level switch in liquids 9, can be calculated by the formula:
R W,i =P g,i +p g,i h h g,i +p W i x h i,
where P g i - the total pressure of the gas in the beginning of the pneumatic line 12 kg/m 2 ;
p g i-calculated density of compressed gas in the pneumatic line 12 at pressure P g,i and his actual temperature, kg/m 3 ;
h g , i = P g , i P g , to about n x p g , to about n p g , i x h g , to about n- the height of exaltation of the reference meter of gas pressure 18 above the water level in the receiver pressure 4, m;
P g,con total pressure of the gas in the beginning of the pneumatic line 12 (reference pressure measurement after being dismissed from the water to the level installation level switch in liquids 9 kg/m 2 ;
p g,con - calculated density of compressed gas in the pneumatic line 12 at pressure P g,Kohn and his actual temperature, kg/m 3 ;
h g,con - the height of exaltation exemplary meter of gas pressure 18 above the level switch in liquids 9, m;
p well,i is the density of the water in the reciever 4 when the actual temperature, kg/m 3 ;
h i =h g,con +h-h g i - the height of the elevation of the water level in the receiver pressure over 4 perforated liquid receiver 6, m;
h - height the elevation of the level switch in liquids 9 above perforated liquid receiver 6, m
This invention is not limited presents an example that describes one of the possible variants of the pressure sensor liquids 1. In the design of the pressure sensor of liquid 1 can be made of various modifications and changes without departing from the scope of the invention, for example:
- in receiver pressure in the bubble tube can be installed additional fluid level indicators that will facilitate the preparation of the sensor to the verification and calibration of its electric equipment;
- sensor size can be significantly reduced by fitting in one housing sensor element for pressure measurement of liquids sensor element for measurement of temperature and level switch in liquids;
- use of the design of the sensor universal element that transmits the pressure to the sensor element, such as membrane, providing transmission and pressure of liquids and gases, will allow to refuse to equip sensor camera hydraulic valve;
- in case of absence of obstacles for release of gas from the receiver pressure in the pores of the soil sensor size can be further reduced due to cancel the installation the level switch in liquids, reduce the size of the hollow receiver pressure and reducing the length of the bubble tube or complete abandonment;
- as exemplary pressure gauge can be used for remote electric pressure sensor, capable, in the event of a breakdown, electric equip sensor fluid pressure to have some degree of automation of observations;
- as a supply of compressed gas can be used cavity inside the power cable of the sensor.
The design described in the invention of the pressure sensor of liquid is rather reliable and convenient in operation than conventional electric remote pressure transducer. With higher costs for its production are compensated through the increase of the term of its guaranteed service.
Sources used
1. Control and measuring systems and equipment of hydraulic structures of hydroelectric power stations. Conditions of creation. Norms and requirements. RAO "UES of Russia". 2008 (one HUNDRED 17330282.27.140.004-2008).
2. Russian Federation patent for useful model №121925, CL G01F 23/16, publ. 10.11.2012.
3. Module hydrostatic pressure MHD-1B. Technical details. OOO MIKROTERM",
4. The patent of Russian Federation №2124702, CL G01F 23/16, publ. 10.01.1999.
Designation
1 - sensor-pressure liquid
2 - dam Foundation
3 - anti-filtration screen dam
4 - receiver pressure
5 - bubble tube
6 - perforated liquid receiver
7 - electric pressure transmitter liquid
8 - sensitive element (pressure sensor 7)
9 - the level switch in liquids
10 - the power cable electric pressure sensor
11 - the power cable of a level switch in liquids
12 - pneumatic line
13 - the valve
14 - the valve
15 connection
16 - the source of compressed gas
17 - the connection
18 - exemplary pressure meter gas
19 - camera hydraulic valve, preventing the access of gas to electric pressure sensor 7
20 - the level of liquid in the cavity pressure receiver 4 before testing and/or calibration of electric pressure sensor 7;
21 - surface depression filtration flow in the lower wedge dam;
22 - berm on the lower slope of the dam.
1. The pressure sensor of liquid, equipped with a receiver pressure sensor element that converts pressure into an electrical signal, and power cord, wherein it is provided with hollow pressure receiver and communicating with it pneumatic supply line of compressed gas, which inlet is equipped with connection to connect the reference meter of gas pressure and compressed gas source.
2. The pressure sensor of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure receiver equipped with a level switch in liquids in its cavity.
3. The pressure sensor of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor element, passing the pressure on his pickup, equipped with a camera hydraulic valve.
4. The pressure sensor of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver pressure and/or pneumatic line is equipped with temperature sensors.
5. The pressure sensor of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, as the supply of compressed gas is used cavity inside the cable at the power supply.
6. The pressure sensor of liquid according to claim 2, characterized in that the receiver pressure elongated bubble tube.
7. The pressure sensor of liquid according to claim 2, characterized in that the volume of the cavity pressure receiver satisfies the condition:
where V np - volume cavity pressure receiver; V Lin - volume cavity pneumatic lines; P max P min - minimum and maximum range of definitions of fluid pressure by measuring the pressure of the compressed gas in pneumatic lines, blocked at the entrance after the displacement of the liquid to the level installation level switch in liquids.