Impregnated fabric

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: in the invention the knitted volumetric fabric is provided, comprising tight knitted layer (10) of the lower side, less tight knitted layer (12) of the upper side and the connecting fibers (14) extending through the space (16) between the lower and upper sides (10, 12). Solidifying material such as cement is inserted into the space (16) between the upper and lower sides, and the addition of liquid, e.g. water, can cause its solidification. Prior to solidification the fabric is flexible and it is possible to shape it, but after the material in the space (16) is solidified, the fabric becomes hard, and it can be used as a structural element in a wide range of applications. The lower layer (10) comprises a protruding part (24), which protrudes from the lower side (12) and is connected to the upper side via the elastic connecting fibers (26), which attract the protruding part to the other side, thereby at least partially closing the space on the edge of the fabric and preventing pouring out the solidifying material. Furthermore, the package of the solidifying material and the maximum space between the sides is such that only a predetermined amount of liquid can be placed in the space, and this amount corresponds to the amount of water required for solidification of cement.

EFFECT: providing knitted volumetric fabric.

12 cl, 4 dwg

The technical field

The present invention relates to a fabric impregnated with a material that hardens when mixed with liquid or in one of the embodiments hardens under the action of radiation. Such fabric has wide application.

The level of technology

In WO 2005/124063 described cover, including litter and the cover; the space between the Mat and the cover can be filled by pumping air into the space to raise the cover and to form a shelter. The cover is made of cloth impregnated with cement; the matter can be a type of felt, known as "milled extruded non-woven cloth", which is a non-woven material of low density. Immediately prior to pumping the interior space of the cover moisten with water, so that after pumping the cement cover hardens and forms a hard shell that acts as a self-supporting roof for shelter, which, in particular, used to provide temporary accommodation in the areas of emergency situation.

In WO 2007/144559 described fabric, including a pair of opposite sides and a self-supporting filaments (also called connective fibers), passing between the parties and holding parties at a distance from each other, as well as a solid powder material located in the space between the sides. Powder m is a material predetermined able to harden with the formation of a rigid or semi-rigid solid mass when adding fluid or when exposed to UV radiation and may include cement, solidified with the formation of solid cement or concrete adding liquid water-based. The amount of a solidifying material in the space inside of the fabric is such that, in particular, when the material hardens, it occupies essentially the entire space between the first and second sides. Fabric (without the powder material can be bulky cloth which is known and commercially available. The thickness of the bulk tissue set during fabrication, choosing the appropriate length of the connecting fibers.

In US-4495235 described a planar structure containing a core made of cement and particles of filler placed between the covering layer and the base layer. Layers and core stitched before curing of the cement, so that the layers are held together in a deformable state.

The term "fabric" or "full the cloth" is used here to denote a three-dimensional fabric having an inner space containing solidified powder material. "Three-dimensional fabric" is a fabric that contains the first side and the second side separated from each other by a space, and also contains a self-supporting connective fibers passing between the first and second sides, holding the first and second side at a distance from each other. Solidified powder material is also referred to as "backfilling"; osypka may include both material which reacts with the liquid, causing the hardening of the filling, which is called the "reagent"and materials that do not react with liquid, such as auxiliary substances and inert materials such as fillers.

One of the problems with the fabric, filled with powder, is that the filling is poured through the open edge of the surround tissue, which leads to pollution in the manufacture, transportation and use of fabric, but because of the loss of backfill around the edges of the fabric properties of the edge area different from the rest of the tissue, and often the regional region you want to delete in the application of tissue. In addition, some powder fillers, such melting point which is significantly different from the fibers surround tissue, such as cement and most fillers, hinder or make impossible thermal cutting and gluing for two reasons: first, they remain in the form of powders and prevent the action of the molten plastic material as the sealing material, and secondly, they increase the amount of heat required for the effective thermal cutting and pollute the saw blade, preventing accurate melt fibers surround tissue. Thus, in order to carry out thermal bonding, the fabric must be cut mechanically and first remove powder coated examination bed with the edges, designed for bonding; the preferred method is the extraction of the powder from the region adjacent to the edge, using a vacuum, then the application of heat and pressure for bonding of the parties. However, numerous stages of the method make it time-consuming and labor-intensive or require expensive and bulky equipment, the method is often unreliable and slow due to the fact that it is necessary to provide dust-free surface for effective heat bonding.

Another problem associated with the filled cloth is that it is difficult to control the amount of liquid that is added during the process of solidification. If the amount of added liquid is less than that required for complete solidification of the entire reactive material in the filling, a certain amount of reactive reagent is wasted and could be replaced by cheaper inert filler. Eventually in the middle of the fabric may be the area containing the uncured material that will lead to a significant deterioration in the properties of the tissue. Although this is a problem initially, when curing the fluid is water and the fabric comes into contact with water during use, for example, under the rain, then the reagent is able to fully harden in the course of application is. In General, in a particular case, when the amount of added liquid is only slightly smaller than the optimal number, the uncured material is distributed throughout the cured material resulting properties are only slightly lower than optimum mechanical properties.

On the other hand, if you add too much liquid, the consequences can be much more serious, such as backfilling can turn into suspension and washed out of the fabric. The excess liquid does not react and remains within the backfill until the reagent is solidified; the liquid can be withdrawn from the fabric after curing, leaving cavities in the hardened filling, which reduces the density of the hardened material. This can lead to high levels of porosity in the final cured product, which can be expressed in a significantly lower final strength and lower resistance to liquid penetration, which is undesirable in applications where the fabric acts as a barrier to liquids. Moreover, the high level of porosity can lead to other undesirable properties, such as sensitivity to freezing/thawing and chemical corrosion.

Add the correct amount of fluid is time-consuming and requires trained personnel.

In the us oasam the invention provide improvements filled with fabric, and more specifically provide a solution to the above problems.

Description of the invention

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention provide a flexible fabric that can harden, becoming rigid or semi-rigid, including:

the first side;

the second side separated from the first side of the space;

self-supporting connective fibers passing between the first and second sides that hold the first and second sides at a distance from each other, and

powder material located in the space between the first and second sides, capable of solidification to obtain a rigid or semi-rigid solid material by adding water or when exposed to radiation,

where one or more edges of the fabric and the first and second sides are connected by an elastic thread, which at least partially closes the space at the edge.

Elastic thread (which here is called "boundary line") is usually shorter than self-supporting connective fibers, making it at least partially closes the space at the edge of the fabric, but when you stretch it may have the same length (or more)as the rest of the connective fibers in the bulk tissue, but with a possibility of its reduction under its own tension, it achieves the desired more to the short length. Elastic thread can be stretched to more than 100% of its length without damage. This allows you to use the same equipment as for the formation of the edges of the volume of tissue, and for the formation of the rest of the volume of tissue; on the edge(s) body fabric, elastic thread can be used instead of a number or all of (and preferably all) of the commonly used threads of connective fibers, with elastic edge threads rebind or bind in terms of stretching. After removing the fabric from the machine used for its production, such as knitting machines, thanks to the elasticity of the edge threads of the fabric are attracted to each other on the edge of the fabric, whereby at least partially closes the space inside the fabric on the edges.

Partial or complete closure of the edges of the space in the tissue means that when the powder material is poured into the space, it is held within the tissues, and may not be so easy to sleep on the sides.

This aspect of the present invention may be realized by providing a protruding part on the edge of one or both parties, which acts laterally beyond the rest of the hand and which is connected with the rest of the fabric using elastic yarns and elastic yarns on the edge of the fabric and then draw the protruding part in n the Board the other hand, thus at least partially closing the space at the edge.

The exposed end may also be longer than the distance between the two sides, so that when the protruding portion extends, the edge is vertically over the face for a short distance.

The powder material may be capable of solidification when you add water, and in one of the embodiments may include cement, possibly Portland cement or high-alumina cement (the latter has the advantage that it provides less time setting and a more rapid increase in strength at the initial stage than other types of cement), or a combination of these types of cement with each other or other types of cement. Backfilling may include fillers, such as sand or fine aggregate, fly ash, glass beads, low density fillers or recycled fillers, chopped natural or synthetic fibers, lime flour, mica insulating materials, surface-modified silicon dioxide, pigments, anti-fungal substances and radiation fillers. The cement can be connected with additives, usually introduced in the cement or concrete mix. Thus, it can be enabled response modifiers, for example compounds of lithium, compounds of sodium, organic with the unity (citric acid, tartaric acid), sources of sulfates, plasticizers, accelerators, retarders, superplasticizers, reducing shrinkage agents, water additives and dispersible polymer powders. The liquid used for the hardening of the cement, represents water, which may be sea water or water, modified by addition of other chemicals, which may include any of the above supplements, soluble in water.

Alternatively, the solidified material may be one of the components of the multi-phase curable resin that cures when you mix two or more liquid components, such as epoxy system resin. In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, the powder may be a material that hardens under the action of UV radiation.

The second aspect of the present invention relates to a method for regulating the amount of liquid added to the fabric.

At least one of the first and second sides is porous for hardening liquid, and the other side may be porous or non-porous for curing the liquid or virtually impervious to any liquid or gas. Connective fibers limit the gap between the two parties and, therefore, limit the maximum internal volume. The liquid added to the fabric, and she prob is the CIO through one (or possibly both, if this is provided) of the porous side before impregnation backfill and interaction with the reagent, causing solidification of the tissue with the formation of the hard sheet.

The powder density of the backfill material enclosed between the first and second sides of the fabric, not only depends on the density of the material grains reagent and auxiliary materials in the filling and packaging filling, in particular of the volume occupied by the air due to the imperfection of tessellation particles (percent voids). It is possible by the correct selection of the conditions of production, and the choice of reagents and other auxiliary materials, especially the nature of the material of the filler, the specific distribution of particle sizes, densities and ranges of forms particles to adjust the packing density of the particles and, consequently, the proportion of voids in the downloadable filling. After loading and sealing of the filling material, it cannot move, therefore the volume of the voids can be fixed at a certain stage of production.

Adding liquid air is displaced from the volume of voids, a certain amount of the reagent is dissolved in a liquid and, optionally, the fluid causes swelling of the reagent. In the unhampered conditions of this expansion continues until the reagent is completely suspended or dissolved in liquid. In soo is according to the second aspect of the present invention the amount of space between the two sides of the fabric is limited by the connecting fibers, limiting the degree of displacement of the parties from each other (in terms of hardening backfill and subject to forces applied to them during this process, the connective fibers are fixed length). Parties can have a closed structure, which does not allow passage of reagent or filler, even when it is saturated with liquid. Therefore, the fabric can limit the swelling reagent and thus can adjust the volume increase of the fill.

Therefore, with this arrangement, it is possible to limit the amount of liquid that can be added to the backfill on a given area of tissue. Mainly this is achieved by controlling the volume of voids within the backfill and select the properties of the connective fibers, such as their length, rigidity and quantity of connective fibers within the fabric so that the space available for placement of a fluid, including access to a small degree of expansion, resulting from the pressure generated when the swelling of the backfill during the addition of liquid (admission to this filling is determined by the stiffness and the amount of connective fibers), equal to the amount of liquid that you want to add.

By adjusting the following parameters in the manufacture it is possible to get filled with fabric, in which the proportion of voids is swelling adjusted to limit the space available to accommodate the liquid component:

- the location, shape and physical properties of connective fibers,

- the choice of materials fillers with suitable physical characteristics, including density and distribution of particle size and shape,

the choice of reagents with suitable physical characteristics, including density and distribution of particle size and shape,

- careful monitoring during manufacturing, in particular, the filling with obtaining the correct bulk density of the material and

control relationships of the reactants and fillers in dry filling.

For example, if the available space is adjusted so that it is close to the optimal amount of fluid required to add getting just solidification reagent, then it does not matter how much fluid is around the fabric, as it is impossible to add too much liquid in the inner space of the fabric. This has significant advantages, including:

1. The material can be shipped, and (as in the preferred embodiment, in which the liquid is water) to harden under water without substantially changing the properties of the hardened material.

2. The risk of errors made by the consumer, is significantly reduced.

3. The level of training and qualifications is for the correct application of the fabric is reduced.

4. If the cloth is in contact extra fluids, for example if it hardens in the rain, the properties of the hardened material is not changed.

In accordance with this second aspect of the present invention provide a flexible fabric that can harden, becoming rigid or semi-rigid, including:

the first side;

the second side separated from the first side of the space;

self-supporting connective fibers passing between the first and second sides, holding the first and second sides at a distance from each other, and

compacted powder material located in the space between the first and second sides, capable of hardening to a rigid or semi-rigid monolithic material with added water,

in which both the first and the second side is essentially impervious to the powder material, but at least one of them is permeable to liquid, and in which the number and type of reagent in the compacted powder material and the volume and compaction of the powder material are such that:

MV-OV=x·LV,

where MV is the maximum amount of space within the tissues (per unit area of fabric); thus, MV includes both the amount of unfilled space in the tissue before adding the powder material, and the additional amount received from any is rasshireniya space due to pressure, occurs when swelling of the powder material during the addition of liquid or in the course of solidification of the material. Additional volume can be changed by adjusting the number and stiffness of the connective fibers, but it is usually up to about 15%, for example about 12% of the volume of empty space in the tissue before adding the powder material;

OV - the amount of space inside the tissue occupied by the particles of the powder material, not including the volume occupied by the voids in the powder material (per unit area of fabric);

LV is the liquid volume (per unit area of fabric), which leads to the maximum limit of the compressive strength under sustained loading (28 days) backfill mixture after curing; it may be obtained empirically or from the recommended reagent manufacturers/ manufacturers of mixtures in the ratio of liquid and reagent mixture, and

x - factor average of from 0.65 to 1.1.

The factor x can be less than 1, for example of 0.85-0.99, and such as 0,87-0,91. For example, when using particular cement composition on the basis of high-alumina cement (VHC), where the fluid is water, use a value of x equal to 0.89.

In other words, the fabric is such that (and in particular, the seal bonding material, and the amount of reagent in a hardening mA is eriole, and the maximum volume between the parties are such that only a predetermined quantity of liquid can be placed inside the space, and this number corresponds to the liquid required for solidification reagent. Therefore, it is impossible under normal use add too much fluid in the inner region of tissue.

Usually due to unavoidable fluctuations in terms of workmanship and materials, there may be small changes in the optimal amount of the applied liquid, i.e. the minimum amount of liquid required for solidification reagent completely; it is generally preferable to err on the side of adding too little water than too much, i.e. the ratio x is preferably less than 1. However, in some cases you want to deliberately use the amount of liquid above or below theoretically optimal number. For example, in some applications it may be desirable to provide a high level of porosity and, consequently, the ratio of fluid to the reagent, the above optimal. In other examples, it may be preferable low ratio, such as unreacted reagent may give to the material to some extent self-healing properties, because cracks can allow fluid Prony is W ith a hardened material and to react with unreacted reagent, in the hardened material.

To achieve the desired relationship, it is usually necessary to obtain a relatively high dry density of the backfill within the tissues, i.e. backfill compacted within the tissues. In addition to regulating the relations of liquid to the reagent high dry density of the backfill also has the following advantages:

1. Dry filling less prone to move inside the material, when exposed to external forces, such as vibration during transportation.

2. Wet backfill is less prone to movement due to the movement of liquid when liquid is added, for example, if the fluid type spray or jet of one of the porous sides or porous(s) side(s).

3. If the material is shifted or rolled, dry or moist, but not hardened filling less likely moves that could lead to the formation of razuprochnenie area or line of print on the hardened material.

4. In some cases, more dense, flat surface of the reagent emits more heat per unit area, which can mainly to accelerate the reaction and also provides the possibility of reaction at low temperatures.

It should be noted that the dry backfill should not be sealed so that either the volume of voids will be reduced to a value which is insufficient the space within the tissues, to accommodate the desired amount of liquid or particles of filler will be so densely Packed that will restrict the passage of liquid through the filling to such an extent that an insufficient amount of fluid can be contacted with the reaction component within the backfill and, therefore, insufficient proportion of reagent can react. In practice, such a desirable high level of compaction in most cases difficult to achieve.

Although WO 2007/144559 indicated that the amount of a solidifying material in the space in the tissue such that, in particular, when the material is hardened, it occupies essentially the entire space between the first and second sides, this document does not indicate that the composition of the mixture and the density (i.e. the degree of compaction) of the solidified material will be selected so that it corresponds to the formula above, and this can be used to regulate the relationship of water to the cement and thus to optimize the physical properties of the fabric after curing, avoiding adding too much liquid. This allows the hardening of tissue in the presence of excess fluid, such as under water, while maintaining the desired physical properties. In the case of cement filled tissue, which is a type of fabric, presented is as of a specific example in WO 2007/144559, the present invention in General requires careful selection of the filling materials and more seals than is evident from WO 2007/144559 to correspond to the formula above.

Solidified powder material and/or liquid can include additives, such as plasticizer, foaming agents, fillers, reinforcing materials, etc., known in the art in connection with a pending solidified materials, as described above.

The solidified material is preferably introduced through the pores formed in the first side of the fabric, in this case, the first side contains pores that are large enough to allow placement of material in the tissue. However, after the material in the tissue, it is preferable to make the first side of the essentially impermeable backfill material, and in WO 2007/144559 describes several techniques that you can use to achieve this.

First, after the introduction of the solidified material in the fabric on the first side may be applied an extra layer. One of these layers may be, for example, moisture-proof layer, which may find application in the construction industry or in tunnels.

Secondly, the first party may be made of elastomeric yarn or enable it, so Verhny the side you can stretch to receive the enlarged pores on face, to ensure the introduction of a solidifying material in the fabric, but after the material is added to the fabric, you can loosen the tension force to narrow the pores of such a size that the solidified material is not easy to sleep through the first side.

Thirdly, the first side can be processed after the introduction zatverdevaya material in the fabric to close the pores of the first party. For example, you can handle the first direction by applying a sealing material such as an adhesive, or treated with a solvent to a full or partial closure of pores. In one of the examples can be applied polyvinylchloride (PVC) pasta (for example, using a scraper) on the first side and to be cured of, for example, by heating, for example, using radiative heaters or fan heaters.

Fourthly, the first side can be linked from fibers that contract when heated, thus providing the possibility of introducing a hardening materials through knit weave, containing pores sufficiently open to allow the passage of particles; after the introduction of the solidified material in the fabric of the first side is heated, for example using hot air, causing a shortening of the fibers to close the pores so as to essentially prevent the loss of particles zatverdevaya the material.

Can also be used a combination of the above methods.

The second side is preferably essentially impervious to hardening of the material, so the filling does not fall out through the other side when it is injected through the first side. However, in order to facilitate the penetration of the liquid into the space, the second side is preferably porous to the liquid used for the solidification of the filling. Thus, the second side preferably includes pores having a size that allows you to penetrate the liquid, but does not allow transmission of material particles. If despite this the second side contains pores that are too large to hold the material within the space, it is possible to prevent loss of material through the second, using any of the techniques described above.

As stated above, in the second and in some cases, the first side of the tissue may be such that the liquid can penetrate into the space through the sides for contact with the solidified powder material within the space. This penetration of the liquid can be ensured either by creating pores on the side (as described above) and/or by making the threads of the first and second sides of the material, which is able to soak the considered fluid, whereupon fluid is here absorbed through the first and second sides, coming into contact with the solidified material within the tissues. Moreover, the capillary action between the fibers of the first and second parties can facilitate the delivery of fluid in a hardening material. Suitable materials for use in the formation of the first and second sides include:

- polypropylene, which is the preferred material for use when solidified material includes cement, because it has excellent chemical stability in alkaline environment;

- fiberglass coated, which provide reinforcement of the hardened material;

- polyethylene;

fiber PVC, which have the advantage that it is relatively easy connect when using chemical or thermal bonding.

Can be used a mixture of fibers.

The connective fibers in the fabric are self-supporting and must be sufficiently rigid, i.e., they must possess sufficient resistance to deflection under the action of forces acting on the tissue destruction, to save the space between the sides, when solidified material loaded on the first side for introduction of material into the fabric. The density of the connective fibers, i.e. the number of threads per unit area, is also an important factor in resistance to destructive forces p and adding particles of the material, and, thus, maintaining the space between the parties, and restricting the movement of the particles after they have been concluded between the upper and lower layers. Connective fibers are usually made of the same material as the sides, as listed above. Mainly the connective fibers are monofilament, because it provides higher rigidity.

It is important in accordance with the present invention that the connecting fibers do not divide the space within the tissues on a separate small closed cells, because such separation facilitates the propagation of cracks within the tissues and, thus, reduces the strength of the fabric after curing of the material.

The particle size of the solidified material must be sufficient to provide an introduction to fabric, but they should not be so small to fall out of the pores in the first and/or second sides. Especially preferred is alumina cement, because in addition to the other advantages it provides less time setting and a more rapid increase in strength at an early stage compared with other types of cement.

The first and second sides and the connective fibers preferably are parts of a volume of tissue that can be formed with pores in the first and second side the use of the knitting process, used for its manufacturing. The second side is preferably more tightly knit than the first side, so that the pores on the second side is less than on the first side, to allow the introduction of solidified powder material into the space through a relatively large pores on the first side and to prevent loss of material from the tissue through the second side.

The fabric of the present invention can be made and needs to ensure its solidification through any period of time by adding a liquid such as water. Thus, the fabric can be manufactured in one place and transported to another place, which ensure its solidification by adding a liquid, which can be used on site, thereby reducing the amount of transportation. Fabric, filled with the solid powder is still flexible and can be folded or collapsed for transportation.

The fabric of the present invention has many uses. First, it can be used to create a canopy pre-fabricated shelters, as described in WO 2005/124063. However, it has wider application, for example, it can be used:

- to create pathways for bicycles, pedestrians or animals;

- to create a shelter by overlaying the fabric on the frame;

for in the svedeniya formwork for concrete Foundation;

- for the erection of barriers, such as tunneling;

- for repair or reinforcement of structures, such as roofs;

- for flooring or waterproofing of structures;

- to enhance soil structures, such as river banks and unstable slopes;

- to provide protection from flooding;

- for repair of existing pipes, including buried water pipes, or to construct a new pipe;

for fire-resistant elements of new or existing structures, such as fire-resistant covers or the lining of chimneys;

for the formation of the solid surface, reducing harmful dusting and containing spilled fuel for aircraft such as helicopter landing pads and runways;

- to strengthen the structures of sandbags and protect them from damage by atmospheric factors, such as wind and ultraviolet radiation;

- to strengthen the excavation and prevent leaching of chemical impurities, for example, in dumping of soil or the localization of secondary fuels;

- to create a waterproof covering for containers of water such as a pond, a mounting channel and a reservoir or sump, or septic tanks;

- for the formation of permanent tents or structures roofs;

for the fixing of drainage ditches;

- to provide a watertight outer surface of the buildings.

- to form an integral part of the wear-resistant gabion structures;

- for repair and/or strengthening of gabion structures and protect them from damage by atmospheric factors, such as wind and ultraviolet radiation;

- to create an artistic or decorative forms, or

- to create buildings and ship superstructures floating bases, such as boats or pontoons.

If solidified material hardens with the addition of water, the water can be added intentionally or fabric can be placed in a place where it is in contact with water, such as a drain or outside, where it can absorb rainwater. For example, it is possible to fill the fabric with a damp earth, to allow absorption of water from the earth, thereby causing the solidification of the solidified material.

After curing, the fabric fibers provide reinforcement hardened backfill material and greatly increase its strength and, if the backfill material is cracking, they provide the opportunity for the gradual destruction of the tissue (but not catastrophic), taking the load on the fabric.

Theoretically there is no limit to the thickness of the fabric, although it is usually limited to the methods of manufacture. Typically, the thickness of the can is to be from 2 to 70 mm, for example, from 2 to 40 mm, and typically from 4 to 30 mm, for example from 4 to 20 mm, One important condition for limiting the thickness of the material, is the ability of a liquid to penetrate through the inner region of a solidifying material before solidification of the outer region of a solidifying material. Another limitation of the thickness results from increased tissue mass with increasing thickness, and if it is too thick, the parties may not be able to support the weight of the solidified material within the tissues.

Brief description of drawings

Further, only in the example described, the fabric of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

figure 1 presents a schematic three-dimensional fabric;

figure 2 presents a view of the cross section of tissue;

figure 3 presents a schematic three-dimensional fabric according to one of embodiments of the present invention; and

4 shows the arrangement of the needles to obtain the three-dimensional knitted fabric 3.

Detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings

Figure 1 schematically presents knitted volumetric tissue containing tightly knit layer 10, the bottom side, less tightly knit layer 12 of the upper side and the connective fibers 14, passing through the space 16 between the layers 10, 12 of the lower and upper sides. the lines fabric made from knitted polyethylene and industrial manufactured by the firm of Scott & Fyfe in the form of bulk tissue thickness 5 mm

A hardening material such as cement, possibly together with fillers and other additives injected into the tissue through the pores 20 in the layer of the upper side 12 with an open viscous. The pores 20 arise in the process of mating during the manufacture of bulk tissue. The cement can be placed on a three-dimensional fabric, and he falls through the pores 20 in the space 16. The penetration through the pores 20 may be facilitated by placing the bulk of the fabric on the vibrating layer and by way of filling in the pores, for example, with the help of rotating brushes. Vibratory compaction also has advantages when the solidification of the cement inside the space 16, while minimizing the formed cavities or air pockets.

The bottom side 10 has a relatively tight knit structure, and the pores in the lower side is smaller than the pores of the upper layer side, so that the pores are small enough to prevent the loss of significant amounts of cement.

After the introduction of the material into the space 16 of the layer 12 of the upper side seal by applying a thin coating of PVC paste, which is then utverjdayut by heating the surface.

Water can penetrate into the tissue through the pores in the bottom 10; cement hydration promote connective fibers 14, which can carry water into the interior of the fabric.

Fabric, included is based on the actual fabric and solidifying backfill material within the space 16, is flexible and it can be given the desired shape before the introduction of liquids for solidification of the material within the space.

Long fibers 18 together with shorter fibers in the fabric provide reinforcement material after curing and prevent the spread of cracks.

Figure 3 presents voluminous fabric that can be used to obtain tissue according to the present invention; except as stated below, it is similar fabric figures 1 and 2, and figure 3 use the same item numbers as used in connection with figures 1 and 2, to show the same features of the invention. However, in tissue figure 3 the edge of the layer 10, the bottom side extends over the edge of the layer 12 of the upper side with the formation of the protruding part 24 formed in exactly the same way as the rest of the layer bottom side, except that the connecting fibers 26 connecting the protruding portion with the top 12 made of elastic material stretched in the course of knitting. When the tension is not already attached to an elastic connective fibers 26, for example when removing the fabric from the knitting machine, the protruding portion 24 is tightened on the edge of the fabric under the action of the cross-linked fibers 26 and, thus, closes the edge of the fabric. When solidified material is added through the pores 20 in the upper layer 12, it is not getting enough sleep through the side is part of the fabric.

4 shows the pattern of the needles used for knitting the edge of the surround tissue, presented in Fig.3, where the usual threads used for forming the main mass of the volume of tissue, for example polypropylene, is shown by the letter "N", and the resilient material used for the formation of connective fibers 26, shown by the letter "E".

Example 1

High-alumina cement is loaded into the fabric shown in Figure 3, using technological methods vibratory compaction and application of the brush described above, for forming filled with tissue. For hardening of cement use water. theoretical optimum ratio of water:cement in this case is 0.4 by weight. The fabric contains a porous side 10 a sufficient closed structure to prevent deterioration through her dry cement powder and cement powder, already saturated with water, in large quantities; the other side contains 12 impermeable PVC coating to close the pores 20. The two sides are connected monofilament polyethylene connective fibers. High-alumina cement is compacted to obtain the total density on dry matter 1.35 g/cm³and the average thickness of 7.3 mm between the outer surfaces of the two parties.

Connective fibers are positioned at a slight angle, what they have sufficient stiffness, so after immersion in water to provide limited swelling of the cement powder between two parties of up to 14% increase in internal volume. When this increased volume is completely filled with water in the immersion, it can result in a 10% increase in the mass of material. In addition to increasing the volume of the water displaces the air from the volume of voids and dissolves part of cement, which leads to additional increase by 22% by mass.

Further soaking does not lead to any increase in mass. Therefore, the design of the fabric limits the ratio of water to cement to 0.32, slightly below the optimum value of 0.4 for maximum compressive strength, measured at loading within 28 days. In other words, the coefficient of x in the above formula (0.32/0,4=0,8.

1. Flexible fabric that can harden, becoming rigid or semi-rigid, comprising: a first side, a second side separated from the first side of the space, self-supporting connective fibers passing between the first and second sides that hold the first and second sides at a distance from each other, and the powder material located in the space between the first and second sides, capable of solidification to obtain a rigid or semi-rigid solid material by adding water or in the action of radiation, where one or more edges of the fabric and the first and second sides are connected by an elastic thread, which is shorter than self-supporting connective fibers, thereby at least partially closes the space at the edge of the fabric.

2. The fabric according to claim 1, in which the specified one or more edges of the first and/or second side includes a marginal portion protruding laterally beyond the rest of the hand, which is connected with the rest of the fabric using elastic yarns, and these elastic threads attract one or each protruding portion in the direction of the other side, thereby at least partially closing the space at the edge of the fabric.

3. The fabric according to claim 1, in which the elastic fibers included in the edge of the fabric, for example, instead of part or all of the self-supporting connective fibers during the manufacture of the fabric.

4. The fabric according to claim 1, in which the solidified powder material includes cement, for example, is a dry concrete mix based on cement, including plasticizers and other additives.

5. The fabric according to claim 1, in which the first side contains pores that are large enough to pass the powder material into the space, which at least partially sealed or reduced in size to hold the solidified powder material within the space.

6. The fabric according to claim 5, in which the s, at least partially sealed with a sealing material such as an adhesive, a thermoset material or a layer of material applied to the first side.

7. The fabric according to claim 1, in which the first side is reinforced with an additional layer, such as moisture-proof layer, impermeable to liquids or gases.

8. The fabric according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the second side includes pores that are small enough to hold the powder solidified material within the space, but allow the passage of fluid to cause the solidification of the powder material.

9. A method of manufacturing impregnated flexible fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 8, including:
- maintenance of tissue containing the first side, the second side separated from the first side of the space, and self-supporting connective fibers passing between the first and second side, and holding the first and second side at a distance from each other, and
- introduction to space in the tissue of the powder material, for example cement can harden to a rigid or semi-rigid monolithic material adding liquid by placing bonding material on the first side and the implementation of vibratory compaction tissue and/or direction of the powder material into the fabric using u the weave.

10. The method according to claim 9, which includes the introduction in the space of the powder material through the pores in the first side and decrease the size of the pores or closed pores after the injection of the powder material, for example, by partial or complete sealing of the pores, for example, by applying a sealing material on the first side or attach additional layer to the first side.

11. A hardening of tissue according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising adding a fluid to the tissue to cause solidification of the solidified powder material.

12. The use of coated fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 8
- to create a cover pre-fabricated shelters;
- to create pathways for bicycles, pedestrians or animals;
- to create a shelter by overlaying the fabric on the frame;
- for the erection of formwork for the construction of concrete Foundation;
- for the erection of barriers, such as tunneling;
- for repair or reinforcement of structures, such as roofs;
- for flooring or waterproofing of structures;
- to enhance soil structures, such as river banks and unstable slopes;
- to provide protection from flooding;
- for repair of existing pipes, including buried water pipes, or to construct a new pipe;
for fire elem is now new or existing structures, for example, in the form of fire-resistant covers or the lining of chimneys;
for the formation of the solid surface, reducing harmful dusting and containing spilled fuel for aircraft such as helicopter landing pads and runways;
- to strengthen the structures of sandbags and protect them from damage by atmospheric factors, such as wind and ultraviolet radiation;
- to strengthen the excavation and prevent leaching of chemical impurities, for example, in dumping of soil or the localization of secondary fuels;
- to create a waterproof covering for containers of water such as a pond, mounting channel and reservoir, or sump, or septic tanks;
- for the formation of permanent tents or structures roofs;
- to strengthen drainage ditches;
- to provide a watertight outer surface of the building;
- to form an integral part of the wear-resistant gabion structures;
- for repair and/or strengthening of gabion structures and protect them from damage by atmospheric factors, such as wind and ultraviolet radiation;
- to create an artistic or decorative forms, or
- to create buildings and ship superstructures floating bases, such as boats or pontoons.