Machine inner space control system. RU patent 2513045.

IPC classes for russian patent Machine inner space control system. RU patent 2513045. (RU 2513045):

G01S7/41 - using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section

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Machine (2) inner space control system (20) comprises radar (26) transmitting radar radiation (28) into inner space (6), radar receiver (34) to receive radar radiation reflected into said space (6) and outputting it as a received signal (36), control and processing unit (38) to define actual signature (40a) from received signal (36) and to compare it with stored preset signature (40b) of flawless machine (2) and unit (42) to output signal (46, 52a,b) of fault at departure of actual signature (40a) from preset signature (40b) by permissible tolerance (44).

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FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: machine (2) inner space control system (20) comprises radar (26) transmitting radar radiation (28) into inner space (6), radar receiver (34) to receive radar radiation reflected into said space (6) and outputting it as a received signal (36), control and processing unit (38) to define actual signature (40a) from received signal (36) and to compare it with stored preset signature (40b) of flawless machine (2) and unit (42) to output signal (46, 52a,b) of fault at departure of actual signature (40a) from preset signature (40b) by permissible tolerance (44).

EFFECT: perfected control.

7 cl, 1 dwg

The invention relates to the control system of the interior of the machine.

Consider a machine is, for example, gas turbine, the internal space of which is a combustion chamber with the turbine wheel.

Considered, for example, the pump, the internal space of the pump, through which the proceeds of the pumped environment, is a pumping chamber with a blade wheel.

I called the gas turbine inner space is faced with, for example, zarozhdenie elements that protect the metal casing of the machine from burning in the combustion chamber of the gas. Such elements may partially or wholly separate and fall into the interior of the machine. Can also be separated part of turbine blades from the turbine wheel or blade against blade wheels and disrupt the work of the respective machine. Also in the car or in the wall or building may have cracks or fractures, or in the inner space can penetrate other foreign objects.

From US 4507658 known turbine control system, with which you can monitor the vibrations of turbine blades. For this they are exposed to millimeter wave radar system, and the reflected signal is analyzed to detect abnormal vibration. About breaking jarosewitsch elements or other foreign objects in the inner space of this system can not tell.

The technical result of the invention consists in improvement of the control system of the internal space of the machine.

The task of the invention consists in the creation of noncontact control system that could detect also mentioned separated parts or foreign objects in the inner spaces of machines. When this technology is used control system must have a good local resolution to detect the absence of a separate jarosewitsch elements or parts thereof in a gas turbine. At the same time, the monitoring system should be good to penetrate environment different consistencies, such as gases, vapours and liquids, to obtain information from the interior of the machine.

The objective of the invention is solved by means of the system of control of the internal space of the machine under paragraph 1 of the claims. It includes radar, sending radiation in the inner space. Therefore, exposed not only turbine blade, but all inside of the machine. The problem is that the inner space, as a rule, is completely surrounded by a metal case. The interior reflects the radar radiation. Known still radar technology always comes from the fact to discover on the irradiated area of space only individual reflective element, for example a plane in the empty air space. Its echo is then used to create a radar image. The use of radar equipment with a total exposure of the inner space means thus a departure from the well-known principle.

The radar receiver accepts reflected in the inner space radar radiation and in accordance with the radar radiation takes the received signal. The control system includes next block management and processing. It defines also a departure from the traditional radar equipment, according to signal the actual signature, for example, through digital signal processing. It is not to create the image, and should only identify the characteristics of the received signal, which correlated with the geometry of the internal space so that deviations in it that must be observed, such as a missing garazowany element that is missing turbine blade, crack or break in the parts of the machine or other foreign object in the inner space, lead to changes in the actual signature.

For example, the actual signature is the result of temporary or frequency analysis of the received signal. Here you can handle the amplitude and/or phase of the received signal or after frequency shifts of search in the spectrum or to exercise Doppler processing. In the time range you can, for example, by measuring the travel time of the pulse ultrawideband radar (UWB radar) from emission to reception to determine the change in the geometry of the internal space. On the other hand, due to the spectral distribution of UWB pulse radar can be concluded about changes in the internal space.

Power management and processing also has specified signature that matches the character after the actual signatures, but it operatives or she is obviously a flawless machine. In other words, given the signature is such that in case of obviously faultless machine is determined according to the signal as the actual signature. The control system includes next block of issuance. It gives a signal of a defect, if the deviation between the actual and required signatures exceeds the permissible value. Given the signature can be defined, for example, the so-called technique Channel-Sounding.

In other words, through a system of control is created not the actual real image of the interior of the machine, for example, comparable to traditional radar image, and abstract the actual signature that includes as information geometric data or characteristics of the material of the inner space in sufficient local resolution. Through a system of control occurs then the deviation re-measured when the machine is in operation, the actual signature of the corresponding defect-free machines of a given signature. By this measure cannot use not suitable for complex monitoring of space radar equipment in the metal inside the machine.

To install a change in the accepted signal, it is necessary, therefore, to determine a given signature for normal, i.e. knowingly defect-free operation of a machine. This should take into account the changes of the received signal, for example, due to fluctuations of the density and turbulences in the internal space of the machine environment. If the signature has experience significant changes caused, for example, a spin-off item, a defect in the surface structure of the internal space or outer casing machines and the like, then this leads to a deviation of the actual signatures from specified, beyond the above-mentioned fluctuations in the environment, etc. due to this is found defective machine and get the appropriate signal from defect.

The proposed monitoring allows you to explore the extraordinary changes not only referred to the internal space of the mentioned machines, but, in General, the internal space of the technical installations, such as the mine tunnel, as should be performed only radar, to ensure adequate local resolution for the observed abnormal changes of the inner space.

The proposed method can be controlled also proceeding, in case, through the inside of the machine Wednesday in it, if the environment is penetrated by the radar radiation and in the presence of a defect, for example, in the case of lack of the environment or in the case of migrating it to a trapped object, change the actual signature.

Control system is implemented a new radar way that takes not only isolated echo separate points, such as aircraft in the airspace, but reflected from the whole space radar echo. This radar echo in the form of a received signal is processed, moreover, not as creating the image, and abstract. The actual creation of the image in the form of natural or obvious, i.e. measured by an observer, the display of the inner space in this manner is desirable but not obligatory, because the system should be detected only defect in the internal space. Enough of issuing digital signal Yes/no as a signal of the defect in accordance with condition zero-defect or a defect of the machine". Of course, it is also possible complex processing of the received signal, at which the actual signature really creates a particular image of the inner space, however this is not mandatory.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention of radar radiation is narrowband (e.g. microwave) or ultra-wideband. Radar technique for this frequency range repeatedly proved. Radar sends radiation, for example, narrowband or sinusoidal signal, which is reflected in the interior of the machine and again accepted antennas or radar receiver. There is, as a rule, the processing in the frequency range. Narrow-band radar implemented, e.g. FMCW radar (Frequency Modulated Continous Wave frequency modulated continuous wave). This radar has the advantage of improving detection of moving parts.

In the case of UWB radar is sent each time a short pulse, which has a wide frequency range, such as a bandwidth of about 1 GHz. Therefore, the signal is in the time range from as short pulses. Here also reflected in the interior of the radar signal is received and processed, and accordingly from the received signal is generated to the actual signature. Modified form of the impulse received signal in the time range allows to make a conclusion about the location and geometry jarosewitsch elements. In practice, it seems the real resolution in the centimeter range. Processing is carried out, for example, by using the pulse shape, for example the method of matched filtering. UWB radar is also suitable for harsh environmental conditions.

Various radiation come here for different applications or environments encountered the interior of the cars. For example, for gas or steam fillings suitable narrow-band radar. UWB radar, by contrast, can be used for almost all environments, i.e. also for liquids and solids.

In another preferred embodiment, the control system includes a control unit and processing, which defines the actual signature with the processing of temporary or frequency range and sent the reflected radar radiation. In other words, the actual signature is determined using the phase position and/or time of passing and/or spectral distribution of a signal is sent and the reflected radar radiation. In contrast to measurements only time passing through the evaluation phase provisions receive additional information about the inner space that can be used for the actual signature. If the radar radiation strikes a metal, it is reflected. If it gets on only partially reflecting material, such as non-metallic surface treatment, and after that to the metal, it is shifted in phase, and then reflected. For example, when there is a change of UWB pulse-radar-like distortion. This shift in phase, which can be determined, may severely impact the system-supplied control the accuracy of the information in the detection of defects at the expense of comparison of actual and required signatures. In other words, the assessment phase of the provisions provides a significant improvement of the control system.

In another preferred embodiment, the control system contains several United with radar and/or the control unit and processing of antennas for sending and/or receiving radar radiation.

Through the use of multiple antennas implemented the so-called antenna matrix. Due to correlation sent and received signals of multiple antennas to receive a high additional information. Sending radar signals multiple antennae in different places send them into the interior of the car, and the processing of received signals of different antennas, can be taken into account in the actual signature is dependent on the direction of the reflection in the internal space. For example, it is thus possible to adequately control in the interior of the gas turbines the presence or absence of individual jarosewitsch elements. In other words, therefore, through the use of an antenna matrix occurs more high local resolution on a particular area of space that is irradiated radar radiation. Also in respect of such a large number of reflections of the radar radiation in the inner space through the antenna matrix should expect more accurate information in the actual signature.

Due to the magnitude of, for example, the amplitude of the deviation of the signatures from the set can be concluded about the size or the extent of the defect. Due to the mentioned antenna matrix is additionally possible to make a conclusion about the defect in the internal space. If, for example, in a gas turbine in accordance with the amplitude difference between the actual and required signatures separated only one garazowany element or its chip and it is in accordance with the information antenna matrix in the actual signature is in a critical place of the inner space, based signal processing defect you to make the decision on replacement jarosewitsch item only during the next maintenance interval of the car and do not turn it off in emergency mode.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention in the inner space is one antenna to send and/or receive radar radiation. To achieve maximum exposure of the inner space radar radiation, i.e. that it has reached any point of the surface of the inner space, preferably be placed in the inner space of a few antennas for example, spread them. For this antenna is located either for intermediate layer of electromagnetic permeable material or directly inside the machine. The use of middleware allows the radar radiation to penetrate into the interior of the machine, and the antenna is protected from high temperatures, etc.

In another embodiment, the antenna is located outside the machine, but on the path of the radiation from the antenna to the internal space in the wall of the machine are in the area of transmission of radar radiation. This site usage can be, for example, made in the wall of the machine quartz window. Reduce functional ability of the system of control due to the pollution of the antenna, the intermediate layer or the inner surface of the plot of bandwidth, for example oxide layer or organic pollutants, should not be afraid because of the nature of radar radiation.

At the location of the antenna should always pay attention to that assigned to them by the electronics were protected from the heat, radiation or chemical effects. This is accomplished in one variant, due to the fact that electronic component of the antenna is located separately from her.

In another preferred embodiment, the control system includes a control unit and process for determining differential signatures under the reference and actual signatures. In addition, the control system are a number of remarkable examples of the difference for the corresponding characteristic of the defect of the machine. So, for example, no one jarosewitsch item or when damage to the blades of gas turbines in the reference and actual signatures determined by the corresponding differential signature that is recorded in memory as a characteristic sample of a difference for defect "missing garazowany element" or "damaged turbine blade". Then when the machine the block of issuing checks whether received in the moment differential signature within the tolerances given pattern of difference, and issues corresponding to the given sample-difference signal from defect. In this version control system sends, therefore, not only the signal from defect Yes/no, but, in other words, the code defects, such as missing garazowany element", "damaged turbine blade", etc.

Matched samples differences are determined experimentally or by assessment or consecutive study specifically arising samples of a difference. If the actual signature is known, what is the defect in question, corresponding differential signature, you can define a characteristic sample of a difference.

The invention described in detail below, with reference to the drawing, which in the form of a schematic diagram depicts the machine with the proposed control system.

Machine 2, for example, gas turbine, has a metal wall 4 surrounding the inner space of 6, which is the turbine wheel with 8 blades 10A-10d. In the direction of the inner space 6 wall 4 lined zarozhdenie elements 12a-12d (as the example shows only a few items). Machine 2 surrounded by outer space 14.

Machine 2 is equipped with a control system of 20, which includes the Central unit 22 and a large number of antennas, which are shown as examples only antenna 24A, b. Antenna 24 is located in outer space 14 and antenna 24b - in the inner space of 6. The main unit contains 22 radar 26, which, through the connecting wires (not shown) manages antennas 24A, b, so they send radiation 28. As the wall 4 of the machine consists of metal, through which the radar radiation 28 to penetrate cannot, between the antenna 24A and inner space b is indicated by the dashed line 27 radar radiation 28 in the wall 4 made a plot of 30 transmission in the form of quartz window.

Radar radiation 28 fills the internal space of 6, which means that it reaches all internal, i.e. facing the inner space, 6 surface 4 or jarosewitsch elements 12a-12d and the turbine wheel 8. Radar radiation 28 reflected from the mentioned elements. Marked by arrows reflected radar radiation 32 is captured again by the antenna 24A, b and on the control wire (not shown) is sent to the radar receiver 34 Central unit 22. The radar receiver 34 forms of the reflected radar radiation 32 signal 36, which it passes on the block 38 management and the Central processing unit 22.

He creates from a received signal actual signature 40A. In addition, in block 38 stored preset signature 40b, which conforms to the actual signature 40A, if the machine 2 is in flawless condition. Related to the Central unit 22 block 42 issuing checks whether the actual signature 40A within the permissible tolerance 44 of deviation of a given signature 40b or not. In case of conformity it gives a signal 46 of the defect with a value of "defect-free". In this example, the signal can take two values, namely "defect-free work" or "defect".

Signal 46 of the defect with a value of "defect" is formed, for example, in the following case.

During operation of the machine 2 turbine blade 10A partially collapses or its part is separated from the turbine wheel 8. Sent into the interior 6 radar radiation 28 reflected in future due to missing turbine blades 10A other than in the case of a turbine blades 10A. Therefore reflected radar radiation 32 change compared to the defect-free case, why change and signal 36. Based on this change also the actual signature 40A and from any defect, no longer coincides with pre-measured actual signature 40A. In particular, actual signature 40A has therefore, the deviation from the set of signatures 40b higher tolerance 44. The unit of issue 42 detects this deviation and outputs 46 defect as "defect".

Alternatively, on the contrary, turbine blade 10A remains intact, however, was separated garazowany element 12C. Therefore, sent unchanged radar radiation 28 reflected again otherwise, resulting, finally, the new actual signature 40A. It is more than tolerance 44 different from their file signatures 40b, and again the signal 46 defect is given as "defect".

One alternative is always, for example, by subtracting the actual 40A and given 40b signature creates a differential signature 48A, b. Also in block the issuance of 42 stored typical examples 50 a, b of a difference. In this variant, in case of a defect, i.e. when the mentioned difference signature 40A, 40b, block 42 issuing compares the corresponding differential signature 48A, b with a characteristic sample of 50 a, b of a difference. The latter correspond to specific cases of defects machine 2. Thus, the sample of 50 a difference corresponds to the typical differential signature in the absence of turbine blades 10A-10d, and the sample 50b - differential characteristic signature missing jarosewitsch item 12a-12d.

In each case, when received at the moment differential signature 48A, b corresponds to the sample of 50 a, b the difference in the limits of tolerance 54, alternatively, or in addition to the signal 46 defect is given a special signal 52a, b defect. It gives not only the information that the car 2 has a defect, but what is the nature of this defect: in case of an alarm, 52a, it means "missing garazowany element, and in the case of signal 52b - "damaged turbine blade".

In other words, it is found not only defect in the car 2, but it is also classified by type, and this is due to the fact whether a differential signature 48A, b currently a representative sample of 50 a, b of a difference.

1. The system (20) control the interior of the machine (2)containing the sending radar radiation (28) in the inner space (6) radar (26), the radar receiver (34)taking reflected in the internal space (6) radar radiation (32) and feed it in the form of a received signal (36), block (38) management and processing to determine the actual signature (40A) according to the input signal (36) and its comparison with data stored in memory that represents a flawless machine (2) their file signatures (40b), and to determine the differential signatures (48a, b) given (40b) and actual (40a) signatures, multiple stored in memory typical samples (50a, b) the difference for each characteristic of the defect of the machine (2) and block (42) the issue the corresponding defect signal (52a, b) the defect, if the differential signature (48a, b) within tolerance (54) matches a given pattern (50a, b) the difference.

2. The system of claim 1 in which the radar radiation (28, 32) is a narrow-band radiation or UWB radar.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, containing block (38) management and processing to determine the actual signature (40A) using phase position and/or time of passing and/or spectral distribution of the reflected signal (32) and sent (28) emissions.

4. The system of claim 1 or 2, containing more connected with the radar (26) and/or block (38) the management and processing of antennas for sending and/or receiving radar radiation (24a, b, weighing 28.32).

5. The system in claim 3, containing more connected with the radar (26) and/or block (38) the management and processing of antennas for sending and/or receiving radar radiation (24a, b, 28, 32).

6. The system of claim 1, containing located in the inner space (6) of the machine (2) antenna (24A, b).

7. The system of claim 1, containing located in outer space (14) of the machine (2) antenna (24a, b) and implemented in the wall (4) of the machine on the way (27) radiation from the antenna (24a, b) to inner space (6) (30) transmission of radar radiation (28, 32).