Mineral-organic complex granulated fertiliser and method of its production

IPC classes for russian patent Mineral-organic complex granulated fertiliser and method of its production (RU 2512165):

C05G1/00 - Mixtures of fertilisers covered individually by different subclasses of class ; C05

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FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Mineral-organic complex granulated fertiliser contains mineral and organic components, and as mineral component fertiliser contains enriched glauconite, and as organic component - mineral fertilisers in water solution. All components are taken with specified ratio.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to obtain fertiliser of prolonged action, which has ability to restore soil by content of microelements, which increases yield and quality of crop cultures.

10 cl, 4 ex

The invention relates to the chemical industry for the production of mineral-organic fertilizer and can be applied in agriculture to increase fertility and improve soil structure.

Well-known part of the integrated phosphate-based fertilizer (see the application for the grant of a Russian patent for invention №2097365, IPC SW 15/00, C05F 11/02, publ. 27.11.1997,), including lignite and mineral supplements, the mineral additives it contains natural phosphates and quartz-glauconitic Sands in the following ratio, wt.%: phosphates - 20-40, quartz-glauconitic Sands - 10-30, brown coal - the rest. The composition contains a natural phosphorites composition, wt.%: SiO₂- 25-35, Al₂O₃- 7-11, Fe₂O₃- 4-6, Cao - 20-40, MgO Is 0.5 To 2.5, P₂About₅- 6-18, K₂O - 0,6-1,8, trace elements - the rest. The composition contains a natural quartz-glauconitic Sands of the composition, wt.%: SiO₂- 5-6, Al₂O₃- 1-3, Fe₂About₃-3-9, Cao-10-30, MgO - 0.2 to 0.8, P₂O₅- 0,4-1,6, trace elements - the rest.

Known complex fosforsoderzhashchie fertilizer environmentally friendly, but has the disadvantage that not all regions of Russia these components are legkoobuchaema raw material and its preparation is used, additional heat for drying.

The closest in technical essence to pre the proposed invention is known mineral-organic complex fertilizer (see RF patent for the invention №2189959, IPC C05D 9/02, C05F 7/00, C05G 3/04, publ. 27.09.2002 g), containing quartz-glauconitic Sands and source of organic matter, the organic matter fertilizer contains sapropel mass and additionally chalk in the ratio of 60-75: 25-35: 2,5-5, respectively.

However, the known mineral-organic complex fertilizer contains insufficiently effective and environmentally flawed organic component, as sapropelic weight includes mineral ingredients, ballast substances and heavy metals.

Also known is a method of obtaining an integrated phosphate-based fertilizer (see RF patent for the invention №2097365, IPC SW 15/00, C05F 11/02, publ. 27.11.1997 g)comprising a mixture of brown coal, mineral phosphorus-containing additives, for mineral supplements use natural phosphates and natural glauconitic Sands, which before mixing crushed to particle size of 50-80 microns, are mixed in dry form when the mass ratio of the components of coal: phosphates: quartz-glauconitic Sands 6-8: 1.5 to 2.5: 0,7-1,2, resulting homogeneous mixture is moistened to a residual moisture content of 28%, plastificator in the presence of clay type kaolinite formula Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₇in the amount of 1-3 wt.%, granularit obtained granules are dried at a temperature not you who e 80°C to a residual moisture content of 14% and tazrout.

A disadvantage of the known method of producing an integrated phosphate-based fertilizer is to use for its preparation the additional heat for drying.

Also the closest to the technical nature of the proposed invention is a known method of preparing the organic-mineral complex fertilizers (see RF patent for the invention №2316523, IPC C05D 9/00, C05F 3/00, C05F 7/00, C05F 9/04, publ. 10.02.2008, including the mixing of quartz-glauconitic sand and source of organic matter, the organic matter use a mixture of manure and sludge sludge raw sludge and excess activated sludge obtained in the biological treatment of wastewater, and the mixture is produced by adding manure before treatment sludge sludge disinfection, neutralization and drying, after processing and mixing with quartz-glauconitic sand get a fertilizer with a ratio of components, wt.%: quartz-glauconitic sand - 20-25; manure - 10-15; sludge - 60-70.

A disadvantage of the known method of producing complex organic-mineral fertilizers is the difficulty associated with disinfection sludge sludge from eggs of helminths, the additional cost of its extraction after treatment of domestic wastewater, transportation and drying.

Bases of the second present invention is the creation of environmentally friendly mineral-organic complex fertilizer granules prolonged action, with the ability to regenerate the soil on the content of trace elements, increasing the yield and quality of agricultural crops, as well as reducing the cost of the received complex fertilizer granules.

A single technical result achieved in the solution of this problem in the implementation of a group of inventions is to improve the efficiency of the prolonged action of complex granular fertilizer on soil fertility due to ion-exchange properties, a unique trace element composition, high sorption ability and capacity of granular sorbent.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the mineral-organic complex granular fertilizer containing mineral and organic constituents according to the invention, as a mineral component contains rich glauconite, and as the organic component of mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 70-90; mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution - 10-30.

It is advisable that was used 10-50%aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers.

It is advisable that the quality of mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution were used nitrogen fertilizers, and/or potassium in the Abrene, and/or phosphate fertilizers.

It is advisable that as a nitrogen fertilizer in aqueous solution were used ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, or urea (carbamide), or ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate), or sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate, or nitrate nitrate), or calcium nitrate (calcium nitrate or calcium nitrate, or potassium nitrate (potassium nitrate), or calcium-ammonium nitrate, or ammonium sulfate-sodium.

It is advisable to as potash fertilizers in aqueous solution were used potassium chloride, or kalimag, or potassium sulfate.

It is advisable that as phosphates in aqueous solution were used superphosphate, or phosphorite flour.

This technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing a mineral-organic complex fertilizer granules, comprising the mixing of mineral and organic components, according to the invention, as the mineral component of the use of fine, the fraction of not more than 70 μm, enriched glauconite, a concentration of not less than 90%, to which is added the organic component, which use 10-50%aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers with a given predetermined concentration, formed to the I plastic mass humidity of not less than 30%, granulation, drying the granules with hot air temperature of 60-70°C to a moisture content of not more than 8%, crushing, sieving, sorting by grain size, and the subsequent packaged in moisture resistant consumer packaging.

It is advisable that the granulation was carried out to obtain pellets of a diameter of 2 to 7 mm, a length of from 30 to 110 mm

It is advisable that the fragmentation of the obtained granules was carried out to obtain pellets of irregular shape, having a size in diameter from 2 to 7 mm and a length of from 2 to 7 mm

It is recommended that the screening was carried out until the particle size of 2-7 mm

The use of enriched glauconite and 10-50%aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers in the specified proportions allows you to get a comprehensive granular fertilizer in comparison with the known to the high concentration of the most important components and trace elements.

In mineral-organic complex granular fertilizer can be the following composition of mineral and organic components contained in various combinations:

1) enriched glauconite, a mineral fertilizer in aqueous solution, which is used as a nitrogen fertilizer, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 70-90; nitrogen fertilizer in an aqueous solution of 10-30;

2) about gasenyi glauconite, mineral fertilizer in aqueous solution, which is used as fertilizer, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 70-90; potash fertilizer in aqueous solution 10-30;

3) enriched glauconite, a mineral fertilizer in aqueous solution, which is used as phosphate fertilizer, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 70-90; phosphate fertilizer in an aqueous solution of 10-30;

4) rich glauconite, a mineral fertilizer in aqueous solution, such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphate fertilizers, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 70-90; nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus fertilizers in aqueous solution - 10-30.

As a nitrogen fertilizer can be used ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, or urea (carbamide), or ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate), or sodium nitrate (nitrate of sodium, nitrate nitrate, or calcium nitrate (calcium nitrate, calcium nitrate, or potassium nitrate (potassium nitrate), or calcium-ammonium nitrate, or ammonium sulfate-sodium.

As potash fertilizers can be used potassium chloride, or kalimag (potassium and magnesium) or potassium sulfate.

As phosphate fertilizers could the t to be used superphosphate or phosphorite flour.

Glauconite has a unique mineral composition, its focus and get rich glauconite concentration of 90% or more, make the grind, and get fine fraction (flour) not more than 70 μm, which is a binder for production of complex fertilizer granules, and instead of water, add 10-50%aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers, which are also binding and make granules stronger.

Enriched glauconite, having a good detailed layered surface, adsorb from aqueous solution of dissolved organic fertilizers, components mass fraction in aqueous solution of 10-50%, to, without causing damage to the root system of plants, prolongirovanne to give him nutrients, while protecting from the rapid leaching of organic fertilizer. Mass fraction of mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution selected in the range of 10-50% because of different compositions of soils need different concentration of organic fertilizers.

Enriched glauconite is composed fertilizers greater share wt.%, as is the main binder in the granulation, the carrier of a large number of trace elements, Sorbs: dissolved mineral fertilizers for transmission plant; various pollutants, and soil structures. Mineral fertilizers (components of the mass the stake in an aqueous solution of 10-50%), have a range wt.% - 10-30, because this amount of solution is sufficient to bring the moisture content of the obtained plastic mass not less than 30% and to be additional binder and organic fertilizer.

Because the soils are of different composition (lack of phosphorus or nitrogen fertilizers, and the necessary potash), so the use of mineral fertilizers in an aqueous solution of nitric fertilizers, and/or potassium-based fertilisers, and/or phosphate fertilizers can vary qualitative and quantitative composition of granular fertilizers for different soil composition.

Glauconite is a source of nutrients for plant nutrition and means of improving soil structure and soil moisture conservation. High specific surface glauconite allows it to adsorb ions and evenly to distribute them during the growing season, thereby increasing the efficiency of mineral fertilizers. In glauconite are present in trace elements, which can have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of plants. High absorption and ion-exchange capacity of glauconite increases water retention properties, which promotes a more efficient use of nutrients contained in the soil. By improving the adsorption properties of the soil increases adjusted ient efficiency of fertilizers.

There is evidence that glauconite is an active absorber various organophosphorus, organochlorine, sulfur-containing pesticides. Pesticides, are known to be a powerful tool for pest control and plant diseases, but are highly undesirable tendency to accumulate in soils. Numerous studies and practical application installed that application of glauconite as chlorine-free fertilizers increases the intensity of the reproduction microflora, which determines soil fertility, and increases the yield of grain crops, potatoes and other vegetables. Making glauconite under fodder crops promoting plant growth in height, has a positive effect on the accumulation of plant dry matter, increased protein, fat, crude protein, ash elements. Use it for growing potatoes and sugar beet increases the yield up to 30-55%, this increases the starchy potatoes and sugar beets.

The beneficial effect of glauconite on the increase crop yield manifests itself in different ways. It improves the soil structure, increasing its permeability, which is especially important on heavy soils; having a high selectivity with respect to large cations, glauconite accrue on such important plant nutrients like nitrogen and potassium forme surround adsorb cations and NH ₃and then slowly releases them during plant growth, acting as a prolongator.

Mobile forms of fertilizers, adsorbed glauconite, saved from leaching; reduce the loss of ammonia nitrogen by nitrification and volatilization.

The proposed method of manufacture of mineral-organic complex fertilizer granules is as follows.

As a mineral component use a fine not more than 70 μm, enriched glauconite, a concentration of not less than 90%; to which is added the organic component, which use 10-50%aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers (nitrogen and/or potassium and/or phosphorus), with a given predetermined concentration, to education plastic mass humidity of not less than 30%, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite (binder) - 70-90; mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution-10-30.

The resulting mass is sent to the granulator, which can be used for pellets with a diameter of from 2 to 70 mm, a length of from 30 to 110 mm, that after leaving the granulator kiln-dried with a hot air temperature of 60-70°C to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Torrefied pellets are fed into the crusher where they are transformed into granules of irregular shape, having a size in diameter from 2 to 7 mm, and in length from 2 to m The split formed of different granulometric composition. Then the granules are sieved through a sieve having a size of from 2 to 7 mm Sieved granules are sorted by grain size. Sorted granules Packed in moisture resistant consumer packaging.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1. Rich glauconite fraction of not more than 70 μm, a concentration of not less than 90% of the added nitrogen fertilizer (urea)of the mass fraction in aqueous solution 30%, mix to education plastic mass humidity of 32% in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 80; nitrogen fertilizer (urea) in aqueous solution is 20.

The resulting mass is sent to the granulator, which can be used for pellets with a diameter of 3 mm, a length of 50 mm, that after leaving the granulator kiln-dried with a hot air temperature of 65°C to a moisture content of 8%. Torrefied pellets are fed into the crusher where they are transformed into granules of irregular shape, having a size in diameter of 2.8 mm and a length of 3 mm as a result of fragmentation is formed of different granulometric composition. Then the granules are sieved through a sieve having a size of 3 mm Sieved granules are sorted by grain size. Sorted granules Packed in moisture resistant consumer packaging.

Example 2. In bogdandy glauconite fraction of not more than 70 μm in a concentration of not less than 90% add potash fertilizer (potassium chloride), component mass fraction in aqueous solution 50%, mix to education plastic mass, humidity 31%, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 80; potassium (potassium chloride) in aqueous solution is 20.

The resulting mass is sent to the granulator, which can be used for pellets with a diameter of 2.5 mm, length 60 mm, that after leaving the granulator kiln-dried with a hot air temperature of 67°C to a moisture content of 7%. Torrefied pellets are fed into the crusher where they are transformed into granules of irregular shape, having a size in diameter of 2.5 mm and a length of 2.8 mm In the crushing formed of different granulometric composition. Then the granules are sieved through a sieve having a size of 2.5 mm Sieved granules are sorted by grain size. Sorted granules Packed in moisture resistant consumer packaging.

Example 3. Rich glauconite fraction of not more than 70 μm, a concentration of not less than 90% add phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate)average mass fraction in aqueous solution 40%, mix to education plastic mass, humidity 31%, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 70; phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate) in aqueous solution is 30.

The resulting mass is sent to the granulator, which can be used for pellet diameter is ω 2.5 mm, length 60 mm, that after leaving the granulator kiln-dried with a hot air temperature of 67°C to a moisture content of 7%. Torrefied pellets are fed into the crusher where they are transformed into granules of irregular shape, having a size in cross-section 2.5 mm, and a length of 2.8 mm In the crushing formed of different granulometric composition. Then the granules are sieved through a sieve having a size of 2.5 mm Sieved granules are sorted by grain size. Sorted granules Packed in moisture resistant consumer packaging.

Example 4. Rich glauconite fraction of not more than 70 μm, a concentration of not less than 90% of the added nitrogen (ammonium nitrate), potash (potassium sulfate), phosphate (superphosphate) fertilizer components mass fraction in aqueous solution: nitrogen - 15%, potassium - 15%, phosphatic - 20%, mix to education plastic mass humidity of 30%, in the following ratio, wt.%: enriched glauconite - 70; nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) in water solution - 10, potassium (potassium sulfate) in aqueous solution - 10, phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate) in aqueous solution is 10.

The resulting mass is sent to the granulator, which can be used for pellets with a diameter of 3 mm, a length of 50 mm, that after leaving the granulator kiln-dried with a hot air temperature of 65°C to a moisture content of 8%. Podas is installed granules fed into the crusher, where they turn into granules of irregular shape, having a size in diameter of 2.8 mm and a length of 3 mm as a result of fragmentation is formed of different granulometric composition. Then the granules are sieved through a sieve having a size of 3 mm Sieved granules are sorted by grain size. Sorted granules Packed in moisture resistant consumer packaging.

The present invention is not limited to the above examples only to illustrate specific variants of its implementation.

The technology of manufacture of mineral-organic complex fertilizer granules allows you to get the fertilizer of prolonged action, with the ability to regenerate the soil on the content of trace elements, increasing the yield and quality of crops.

1. Mineral-organic complex granular fertilizer containing mineral and organic components, wherein the mineral component of the fertilizer contains rich glauconite, and as the organic component of mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution, in the following ratio, wt.%:
enriched glauconite - 70-90;
mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution - 10-30.

2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that h is of use 10-50%aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers.

3. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the quality of mineral fertilizers in aqueous solution using nitrogen fertilizers, and/or potash, and/or phosphate fertilizers.

4. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that as a nitrogen fertilizer in aqueous solution using ammonium nitrate, or urea, or ammonium sulphate or sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, or potassium nitrate, or calcium-ammonium nitrate, or ammonium sulfate-sodium.

5. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that as potash fertilizers in aqueous solution using potassium chloride, or kalimag, or potassium sulfate.

6. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that as phosphates in aqueous solution using superphosphate, or phosphorite flour.

7. Method of making mineral-organic complex fertilizer granules, comprising the mixing of mineral and organic components, wherein the mineral component of the use of fine, the fraction of not more than 70 μm, enriched glauconite, a concentration of not less than 90%, to which is added the organic component, which use 10-50%aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers with a given predetermined concentration, to education plastic mass humidity of not less than the 30%, granulation, drying the pellets air temperature 60-70°C to a moisture content of not more than 8%, crushing, sieving, sorting by grain size and subsequent filling.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the granulation carried out to obtain pellets of a diameter of 2 to 7 mm, a length of from 30 to 110 mm

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the crushing of the resulting granules is carried out until obtaining granules of irregular shape, having a size in diameter from 2 to 7 mm and a length of from 2 to 7 mm

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the screening is carried out until the particle size of 2-7 mm.