Device for antenna system

FIELD: physics, communications.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for redirecting an electromagnetic field received by an antenna, or beams formed by the antenna. The device for splitting an electromagnetic field received by an antenna system comprises: one or more blades for splitting the electromagnetic field into a plurality of segments corresponding to separate beams, and redirecting said plurality of segments for detection by a plurality of detectors, wherein at least one of the one or more blades has a first surface and a second surface which cross on the edge, and wherein the edge of at least one blade is arranged to split the field incident on the blade by redirecting at least a first segment of the field incident on the first surface in a first direction and at least a second segment of the field incident on the second surface in a second direction different from the first direction.

EFFECT: enabling redirection of linked beams from a focal region.

21 cl, 12 dwg

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to a device to redirect the electromagnetic field received by the antenna or beam formed by the antenna. More specifically, but not exclusively, it relates to a device for splitting the electromagnetic field received in the antenna system, the set of segments corresponding to individual beams, and redirection of segments that can detect them at a distance from the focal region of the antenna system.

Background of invention

In the conventional mirror antenna systems narrow beam in the far field reflector narrow in focus, and placed a single horn feed or group of horn irradiators to capture or sampling the reflected energy from the system. For sampling fields from the various provisions of the horn feed or group of horn irradiators can be moved in the focal plane of the antenna system in order to scan the antenna beams. The beam position in the far field is moved, while in nominal linear dependence on the shift position of the irradiator (for small angles).

To enhance the performance time data acquisition and instrumental sensitivity, it is preferable to have a fixed grating horn region is of Chatila in the focal plane instead of the one or more moving horn irradiators. Unfortunately, the amount of information obtained is limited by the density of scanned beams, which, in turn, is limited by the size of the horn irradiators. For applications in communications technology, the dimensions of the horn irradiators are relatively small (in diameter from 1 to 2 wavelengths) and you can take a sample of tightly linked beams. However, radiometric applications imposed on the feed requirements concerning education Gaussian beam with low side lobes lead to the use of horn irradiators that have a much larger diameter (6 to 10 wavelengths). When the horns are placed one behind the other, the beams of which are samples that are not linked tightly enough. For example, in some applications submillimeter waves, it is desirable to take a sample of beams spaced at 3 mm, But the horn irradiators have a width of 10 mm, which makes it impossible to place the horn irradiators with an interval of 3 mm

In addition, each horn irradiator equipped with components of signal processing such as low-noise amplifiers and mixers. These components may not be sufficiently small to accommodate the horn irradiators close enough to each other for taking samples from the beams which are grouped quite tightly.

The invention is of opravleno on the resolution of these problems.

Summary of invention

In accordance with the invention, an apparatus for antenna system containing one or more knives (separators) for splitting the electromagnetic field received by the antenna into multiple segments corresponding to individual beams, and redirection mentioned many segments to detect multiple detectors.

Each of one or more knives may redirect the segment field in the direction, based on the area of the falling segment of the field on the knife. The knife may include first and second surfaces and a knife can split the field, directing a segment of the field incident on the first surface in the first direction and the segment of the field incident on the second surface in a second direction different from the first direction.

The device may contain a set of knives for splitting the electromagnetic field on a consistent smaller and smaller segments.

Therefore, the invention allows to split or truncated in free space Gaussian beam, which gives the opportunity to have divided close bunches, spaced with smaller intervals than when using a typical Gaussian irradiators. The invention allows positioning of the horn, the horn, the distances from the focal region. Therefore, the horn is lucatelli, too large for the formation of the desired beams, can be used for taking samples from a tightly linked beams.

One or more knives may contain prismatic knife. One or more knives may additionally or alternatively contain a reflecting knife. Reflecting the knife may contain two reflective surfaces connected at an angle.

One or more knives may contain at least two knives, one of the knives mentioned contains two reflecting surfaces and said two reflecting surfaces are profiled to distort many segments of the field, enabling another knife from at least two blades is more efficient to divide a set of segments. Two reflecting surfaces can be shaped to extrude the cross beam segments corresponding to the segments of the field.

Two reflecting surfaces can be shaped to focus one of the many segments of the field in the direction of the detector. Alternatively or additionally, the device may contain at least two knives, one of the knives mentioned contains two reflecting surfaces and said two reflecting surfaces are profiled to focus on one of the many segments of the field to another knife. Two reflective surfaces can in order to hold the cylindrical mirrors.

The device may further comprise predisease mirror to reflect the many segments of the field on one or more knives, with predisease mirror made with the possibility of stretching the transverse beam segments corresponding to the segment selection field that allows you to obtain the partial beams are tightly linked.

One or more knives may contain at least two knives, and the device may further comprise focusing means for focusing one of the many segments of the field from one knife to another knife. Alternatively or additionally, the device may also include a focusing means for focusing one of the many segments of the field on the detector. Means for focusing the many segments of the field can be accomplished with the ability to change forms many segments of the field to a circular beam. Means for focusing the redirected many segments of the field may contain a mirror and/or lens.

In one implementation, one or more knives may contain a number of metal reflecting the knives, means for focusing can contain many metal reflecting mirrors and a set of knives and a set of mirrors can be cut from a single block of metal. In the manufacture of devices in a single unit Il is in the form of a small number of individual nodes reduces the number of components, necessary for the separation and detection of the field, which makes the construction more stable mechanically.

In accordance with the invention is also proposed a device that contains multiple layers, with each layer contains a device according to any one of the claims and the hole for receiving radiation, the device further comprises means for separating the incoming radiation into multiple parts based on at least one parameter of the radiation and redirect each part of the many parts of the radiation in different layers through the said holes.

At least one parameter may include the polarization of the radiation. At least one parameter may also contain the frequency of the radiation.

In addition, in accordance with the invention, the proposed antenna system containing the device described above, and many horn irradiators for receiving the redirected segments of the field.

In addition, in accordance with the invention, the proposed antenna system, containing many horn irradiators for the formation of multiple beams; and many of the elements referred to redirect beams in the direction of the focal area antenna system for forming groups of tightly linked beams for radiation by the antenna system.

Many elements can contain the substance of the item, made with the possibility of reflection or refraction of many of the incident beam for the formation of a set of adjacent beams. The antenna system may further comprise a focusing element for focusing the set of adjacent beams on another element of the set of elements.

Many elements can contain many reflecting knives or prismatic blades.

Brief description of drawings

The invention, hereinafter described as an example only, with reference to the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an antenna system that includes a beam splitter according to one implementation of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a more detailed view of the beam splitter of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an illustration of a variant of the element separator beam;

Fig. 4 is an illustration of a variant of another element separator beam;

Fig. 5 is an illustration of part of a beam splitter according to another implementation of the invention;

Fig. 6 is an illustration of part of a beam splitter according to another implementation of the invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of the fall of the fields on the element of the beam splitter of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8(a) through 8(d) illustrates the shapes of the beams passing through the beam splitter of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 - views of further variants of the elements of the beam splitter;

Fig. 10 - view of the beam splitter, only what about in a single unit made of metal;

Fig. 11 is a side view of the beam splitter of Fig. 9; and

Fig. 12 is an illustration of a possible sequential placement of separators beam.

Detailed description

With regard to Fig. 1, the mirror antenna system includes a main reflector 2 and the auxiliary reflector 3 to receive and focus the incoming radiation, 4 beam splitter for splitting the middle of the field in the focal region of the system, many horn irradiators 5 with the associated processing units 6, 7 processor signals controller 8 and the storage device 9. Mirror antenna system can be used, for example, in radiometry, radio astronomy and remote sensing. In these applications, the incoming radiation is typically sub-millimeter or microwave radiation. The frequency of the radiation can be from 50 GHz to 3 THz, but is not limited to this. Mirror antenna system can also be used in the communication system.

The main reflector 2 may be concave parabolic reflector and an auxiliary reflector 3 may be convex hyperbolic reflector with two foci. Of course, there might also be other forms of reflectors to focus the incoming energy. The main reflector 2 reflects all incoming rays or energy parallel to the axis of symmetry in focus, which changeables one of the two foci of the auxiliary reflector 3. Next, the auxiliary reflector 3 reflects rays or energy from the primary reflector in its second focus, which is the separator 4 of the beam.

The separator 4 of the beam is a quasi-optical device that splits the incoming radiation into many parts and redirects the energy of the place, where appropriate horn the horn 5 is placed for forming the required scanned beams. Therefore, the beam splitter replaces the linear array of horns in the focal area intended for the formation of the scanned radiation pattern in the far field reflector. It should be noted that up until the horn feed is not placed in the focal region of the auxiliary reflector, the beams in the far field of the antenna usually do not exist. Instead, the focus there is the near field and there is the possibility of beam formation. The invention uses a beam splitter for taking samples from the field instead of using horns, placed in it.

The horns 5 have a relatively large diameter in order to obtain the required Gaussian beams with a low level of side lobes. The diameter may be of the order of from 6 to 10 wavelengths, which for a signal frequency of 250 GHz may mean diameter of 10 mm, Horns can be corrugated horns or horns Potter with step change dia is the European part of Russia. Each horn irradiator has an associated processing block 6 containing, for example, a low noise amplifier that amplifies the signal, and the mixer, which converts to a lower frequency signal into a low frequency. The converted signals are sent to the CPU 7 signals for further signal processing. It is clear that, although the CPU 7 of the signals shown in Fig. 1 as a single component, it may contain many individual components. The controller 8 controls the receiving and storing of data in the storage device 9. In addition, the controller 8 may control the processor 7 signals. The storage device 9 can receive data from the processor 7 or signal from the ground station. Mirror antenna system 1 may also include transmitting antenna for transmitting the received data to the ground station. In addition, it may contain one receiving antenna system for receiving instructions from the ground station.

One implementation of the separator 4 beam according to the invention is shown in more detail in Fig. 2. The separator 4 of the beam of Fig. 2 splits the energy in the electromagnetic field received by the antenna on six different beams detected six different horn horn 5a-5f. The beam splitter has a lot separating the field elements for the settlement of dovetailing separation of the near field into smaller and smaller segments. In addition, the separator 4 beam can have many separate focusing elements for focusing energy in field after field separated. In Fig. 2 separating field elements and the focusing elements are assembled in the same plane. All elements of the beam splitter can be located in the housing. It is clear that separating the elements field does not divide the field into two copies of the same information, and divide the field into two segments of different information. Separating field element splits the field based on the point of falling on the separating member. Similarly they can be considered as two halves of the same image.

In Fig. 2 separates the field elements are provided in the form of reflective blades 10A-10f, and focusing elements are provided in the form of lenses 11a-11j. The first reflecting knife 10A is located in the focal region of the system where the potential of the beams in the far field is concentrated in a small area. He splits the near field of two segments a And C. the First segment And re-focus the first field lens 11a and then split the second knife 10b on segments A1 and A2. One of the segments A1, re-focuses the second field lens 11b and found a mouthpiece 5A. Another segment is further split by a knife 10s on two segment A2' and A2", which re-focuses the relevant field the lens 11d and 11th and found relevant horns 5d and 5C. Similarly, the second segment In the middle of the field re-focus field lens 11f and split the fourth knife 10d on two segments B1 and B2. One of the segments B1, re-focus and then split with a knife 10th on two segments B1' and B1", which re-focus field lens 11h and 11i and are detected by the horns 5d and 5e. Another segment B2 re-focused by the lens 11j and found a mouthpiece 5f without further separation.

It is clear that the angular dependence of the incident field leads to a distributed field of focus mirror antenna system. Distributed field is separated by the first knife 10A. After the first knife reflection and correction beams change the angular dependence of all beams regardless of how they are treated, in groups or individually, and allow further separation of the beams.

Each knife 10A through 10E is composed of two reflecting surfaces, such as two mirrors, United for edges facing the light. The beams incident on the first of the two reflecting surfaces of the blade (for example, the upper surface of the knife 10A of Fig. 2), recorded the first of two reflecting surfaces and therefore are forwarded in the first direction (to the upper region of the separator 4 of the beam of Fig. 2), and the beams incident on the second of the two reflecting surfaces of the blade (for example, lower over the spine of the knife 10b of Fig. 2), recorded the second of the two reflecting surfaces and therefore are redirected in a second direction (to the lower region of the separator 4 of the beam of Fig. 2), which is different from the first direction. The angle between the two reflecting surfaces and the orientation of the two reflective surfaces relative to the incoming radiation, determine the direction in which the beams are reflected. The resulting split beams correspond to different segments of the source field and therefore also different information in the source field. The radiation is focused slightly in front of or behind the edge. A reflective surface provided with a radio frequency conductive material. For example, the knife may be made of metal, including aluminum, but without limiting them. In more detail, the knife can be made of vygotovo sheet metal or solid block of metal. The surface can be, for example, polished, coated with silver or gold plated. In addition, the knives can be made of plastic or any other suitable material and may have a reflective coating.

In order not to create unnecessary diffraction and not to worsen the beams, the front edge of the knife is sharp. For example, the edge may be about one hundredth of the wavelength of or about 0.01 mm, the Angle θ between the two reflecting surfaces of the knife may be from 10°to 45°. However, that is hydrated angle depends on the application. In addition, the angle may be greater than 45°, if it is appropriate. When used in the submillimeter wave range of the length of each reflective surface of the knife may be of the order of 20 mm Knives are tilted so that the reflected or refracted energy is directed predominantly to the next knife or the focusing element. It is not necessary that the knives divided the field into two equal parts. For example, the blades 10b and 10d can divide the field so that the segments A1 and B2 will contain the same proportion of the original field, and as the segments A2', A2", B1' and B1".

Lenses can be manufactured from plastic, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. Alternatively, the lenses can be manufactured from glass. In one implementation, the lens may have a hyperbolic shape with concentric grooves to improve the efficiency of the field passing through the lens. Lens re-focuses energy in the region near the blade next knife or in the focal region of the horn of the irradiator. The focal region of the horn feed is usually inside of the horn, a few behind the aperture of the horn antenna feed. It is clear that it is not always necessary to re-focus field to split it again or until you reach the exciter horn. Depending on the specific design of the beam splitter lens is placed between two knives or between the knife and horn exposed the Telem.

To obtain a circular beam, taking into account the efficiency of the beam as a horn irradiators with 5A through 5f typically, you should choose a cylindrical horns. However, it should be noted that you can also have a corrugated horn with an elliptical aperture or a rectangular horns, which form an elliptical beams. Division field changes the shape of the beam to a more elliptical shape. The electromagnetic field contains components which have a length in the corner, and when the field is divided, there is some loss of angular components of high order, which are blocked due to the presence of a knife. Therefore, the resulting shape is elliptical. For this reason, the quality of the beam in the far field generated at very close bunches, deteriorates when approaching the knife. Therefore, some of these beams must be repurposed for better alignment with the cylindrical mouthpiece. Using suitable lenses of a certain shape, such as an anamorphic lens, the beams can be repurposed and quality to improve.

In Fig. 3 for dividing a field of cells is shown an alternative reflecting the knives of Fig. 2. In this case, the separating member are formed using prism knife 12. When using a prism separation of the beams by refraction, and the e due to the reflection. The energy focused by the lens 11a on prismatic knife 12 and is refracted into two beams. The beams incident on the first surface of the prism are refracted in the first direction, and the beams incident on the second surface of the prism are refracted in the second direction. As shown in Fig. 3, the beams intersect in the prism. Each of the two beams re-focuses the respective lens 11b, 11c in the appropriate mouthpiece 5a, 5b. In the prism may occur internal reflection, and a metal foil (not shown) may be inserted below the center line of the prism to provide isolation between the beams. And in this case, the angle of the surfaces of the prism facing the incident light, can be from 10 to 45°. However, the exact angle depends on the application. In addition, the angle may be greater than 45°, if it is appropriate.

In Fig. 4 shows an alternative lenses for the focusing elements of Fig. 2. In this implementation of the focusing elements instead of the field lens is equipped with a mirror 13. The energy focused by the lens 11a on the knife 10 and is refracted into two beams. Then each beam is reflected by the respective mirror 13a, 13b to the mouthpiece 5a, 5b. As shown, when using mirrors, the beams intersect in submission to the horns. Mirrors can be manufactured from metal, such as polished aluminum, but without limitation to them.

In some implementations of the separator is učka separating the field element and the focusing element can be combined into a single element. Instead of dividing the field element formed of two flat mirrors that are connected through edges, the two mirrors can be shaped mirrors. The curvature of the mirrors along the connecting edges can be small in order to have approximately uniform thickness along the edges, and thereby decreased diffraction on the connecting edge. The separating member are re-focuses the split field and controls the coverage of the resulting beams. Therefore, dividing the field element splits the field and re-focuses energy. Shaped mirrors can be, for example, cylindrical mirrors, United for sharp edges along a line parallel to the axis of the cylinder of each of the mirrors. This knife re-focuses the beam in one plane. In addition, a shaped mirror may have a shape corresponding to any other conic section, such as elliptical or hyperbolic shape, or any shape selected to optimize the pattern.

It is clear that a combination of reflective blades 10, prisms 12, the lens 11 and the mirror 13 can be used to form the separator 4 of the beam. In Fig. 5 shows one half of the separator 4 of the beam, which forms 8 slices middle of the field. The beam splitter includes prismatic knife 12 and a reflecting knife 10 for Razdelnaya. Shows the path of a single ray through the separator 4 of the beam. The incoming energy is reflected by the mirror 14 on the first reflecting knife 10A, which carries out the separation of the fields of the first level. The separation of the second level is another reflective knife 10b, creating two groups of two beams. The first pair of beams is divided into more reflective knife 10C, while the other beams are separated prismatic knife 12. The resulting beams re-focus for receiving horn horn with 5A through 5d. Between each of the divisions of the field re-focus on the next knife or in the mouthpiece by means of a simple field lenses 11a-11g. It is clear that instead of lenses you can use mirrors.

In some implementations of the invention, the predistortion contribute in the form of beams corresponding to the segments of the field, before the separation of the field, to improve the separation of the beams. The distortion of the beam, you can create an offset mirror 15, is placed, as shown in Fig. 6, the path field to the separating field element 12. Offset predisease mirror 15 is designed to pull the field in a plane parallel to the knife edge, which allows more close to move up the knife to the beam without excessive scattering and separation of the beams that are close to each other. At some angles of incidence on predisease mirror cross-sectional hour is her field, the respective beams, stretch forming a shape resembling a flattened ellipse with major axis parallel to the edge of the knife facing the radiation. Offset predisease mirror 15 can be displaced mirror conic sections. For example, the mirror may take the form of a portion of an ellipsoid or sphere.

As also shown in Fig. 6, with the appropriate offset options for predisease mirror 15 may be provided for adjustment of the mirror 16 for reflecting separated fields. The second mirror 16 corrects the distortion introduced by the first mirror 15. In addition, it can focus the reflected beam. For example, an adjustment of the mirror 16 can return the cross section of the beam the desired circular shape to align with the mouthpiece. The degree of distortion of the beam made predisease mirror depends on the angle of incidence of the field and therefore varies from one angle of divergence of the beam to the other.

That also applies to Fig. 6, a distorting mirror 15 is located to the pitch might come to the mirror at a large angle of incidence (from the normal to the surface). As a result, the behavior of the beam in the second focal region of the mirror will be the nature of the caustics with the sharp outline of the field towards the surface of the reflector. The level of distortion of the beam depends on the angle of reflection at the surface of the mirrors. The greater the angle of incidence from the normal to the surface, the greater the distortion of the beam. If the beam incident on predisease mirror is inclined to the surface of the mirror, the beam is distorted more than in the case when the field drops at an angle normal to the surface of the mirror. In other words, if the incident beam approaches the mirror at a distance from the first focus of the mirror, the more distortion.

When the beam moves from the mirror, the cross section of the beam becomes elongated in the plane orthogonal to the incident field and parallel to the knife edge 10 separates the item field. The knife 10 can be placed on the place where the field is drawn in the line (caustic soda), to take advantage of the overall geometry of the field and knife (both profiles) and effectively divide the field. The distortion of the beam allows you to share the field with less energy going to the back of a knife, which increases the efficiency of the separation. In addition, the area between caustics predisease mirror 15 and the subsequent knife 10 and the reflector weakens the field of the beam on the rear edges of the knife 10, resulting in reduced diffraction effects between the two edges of the knife 10. In Fig. 6 shows a reflecting knife 10, but separating box blade may also be prismatic knife 12.

As shown in Fig. 6, one of the beams is separated from other bundles razdelami the field element 10, while other beams reflected from the knife to the corrective mirror 16, the path of the intersecting each other. Corrective mirror corrects the cross-section to a circular cross-section. Further, the beams can be reflected or redirected to the horns or again divided additional separating field elements 10, 12 (not shown). The beam is separated by the knife 10 shown in Fig. 6, must be adjusted to other corrective mirror (not shown) to obtain the best agreement with the horn feed.

Form beams in the images 1 through 4, shown in Fig. 6, will be described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 8(a)-8(d).

In some implementations corrective mirror 16 may be combined with mirrors 13, described with regard to Fig. 4, to focus on parts of the field. Offset ellipsoidal mirror located so that the beams falling on it at a steep angle, can adjust the beam for any distortion and re-focus the beam to obtain a suitable form for horn antenna feed. In addition, in some implementations, the lens (not shown) can be used to overlay the incident beam at a first focus of the first offset mirrors.

In Fig. 7 schematically shows the fall distorted beams on the knife. Cross-section beams them which have the shape of flattened ellipses on one side of the beam. Cross-section beams are elongated in a direction parallel to the leading edge of the knife 10. Because the level of distortion of the beam depends on the angle of reflection from the mirror surface, and the closer the incident beam to the surface of the mirror, the greater the distortion, the beams that are farther away from the front edge of the knife, are less tapered than the beams near the front edge of a knife. In Fig. 7, the distortion of the beam is somewhat exaggerated. Beams at small angles of incidence may be less distorted than the beams shown in Fig. 7.

In Fig. 8A-8d shows the result of simulation steps predisease and corrective mirrors in the beam splitter of Fig. 6. In the drawings shows the beam (coherent light) intensity in watts per square metre (W·m^-2in areas with a size of 10 mm × 10 mm at four different stages of the path of the beam. The intensity range of the beam corresponds to the range from 0 to -50 dB. As can be seen in Fig. 8(a), the field starts with four tightly linked beams (image 1 in Fig. 6). In Fig. 8(b) shows the form of the four beams immediately before the reflection from the separating field item 10 (picture 2 in Fig. 6) and in Fig. 8(C) shows the form of the three remaining beam right after reflection separating element for correcting the mirror (image 3 in Fig. 6). Neposredno the but in front of the separating element 10 and immediately afterwards the beams can be seen separated, and form some of the beam is distorted vertically. The form depends on the angle of incidence on predisease mirror 15 and the display position in the path field. In Fig. 8(d) shows the shape of the beam after the correction field (image 4 of Fig. 6). As shown, after the correction the closest to the axis of the beam has now become almost circular. Other bundles will be circular at several other locations along the axis.

It is clear that the beam splitter, in which shall be entered the distortion for a more effective separation of the field is not required corrective mirror after separating each field item 10. If the orientation of the field relative to the knife is satisfactory (sufficiently parallel), and in this case the field can be divided without correction. When a concrete beam is selected, the correction mirror can be used before the horn feed to adjust the beam to a circular profile to align with the exciter horn.

With regard to Fig. 9, in some implementations effect predistortion, the effect of correction and focusing effect provided by the knives. In Fig. 9 shows only the beam reflected between the three knives 10A', 10b' and 10 to the mouthpiece 5. First knife 10A' and the last knife 10b' have a curved front surface. In one implementation, the curvature corresponds to the curvature of the sphere, but other Pho is we also are possible. The second knife is a flat knife. Curved front surface of the first knife 10A' is designed for the distortion of the beam and the curved surface of the last knife 10b' is designed to achieve proper correction of the beam and the beam focusing with the formation of a round beam. Flat second knife 10 is provided to intercept the field between the two curved mirrors and also to reduce the path field.

As shown in Fig. 9, the beam falls on the first knife 10A' and reflected them. First knife also focuses and distorts the beam so that the beam can be easier to allocate in the next knife. In other words, the separation and the predistortion for the next knife is executed immediately by the first knife. Next, the beam is reflected from the side surface of the second flat of the knife 10, corrected and re-focuses curved last with a knife 10b' and is supplied to the mouthpiece 5. For the beam shown in Fig. 9, a flat knife 10 can only act as a reflector. Therefore, in the case of specific applications and in the presence of the incoming field plane of the knife 10 can be replaced with a mirror.

However, depending on the angular orientation flat of the knife 10 and the first curved knife that falls box, flat knife can also be used as separating the beam element. Similarly to the beam shown in Fig. 9, the latest Cree is elenany knife 10b' also acts as a reflector, but changing its angular orientation, curved knife 10b' can be used for further separation of the beam. When using a curved knife between different diffraction beams is minimized and field is separated more efficiently. Beams, more distant from the axis of the curved knife, not distorted as much as closer to the axis of the beams, and they can again be divided by the same means, that is another curved knife. Therefore, in some implementations flat knife can be replaced by a third curved knife or, as mentioned above, the angular orientation of the last curved knife can be modified for further separation of the field. You should realize that curved knives can have different curvatures on each side to compensate for differences in the forms of beams incident on different places of the knife.

For the sake of clarity in Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 are not shown, the processing units 6, containing, for example, amplifiers and mixers. However, it is clear that each horn irradiator can be connected to various components of the signal processing. In addition, it is clear that the line and plane, shown near the knives of Fig. 3-6, perpendicular to the radiation incident to the reflecting knives, and parallel to the radiation incident to the reflecting knives are sketchy lines, fields, and not part of but is her.

In Fig. 10 and 11 shows the implementation of the separator 4 beam containing the separating field elements 10, 12, equipped with a metal knife, and focusing elements with offset metal mirrors. When choosing a metal knives and mirrors can be completely made of metal separator beam or at least most of the components of the beam splitter. In the implementation according to Fig. 10 and 11, the separator 4 of the beam is made in a single unit 17, made of solid machined block of metal 18 and provided with a cover 19. Alternatively, the separator 4 of the beam can be created from a plurality of components forming a node that is similar to the obtained by cutting from a solid block of metal. The node may have a slit for receiving any of the individual components, such as, for example, any plastic lens or anamorphic mirrors manufactured separately. Knives can be flat or curved knives. The design is compact, has components in one plane, and it provided plenty of space for horn irradiators and associated detector components, for example, mixing units and low-noise amplifiers 6.

As shown in Fig. 10, the radiation is received through the opening 20 in the block to focus inside the unit in the field, component 3 to 5 mm. Knife 10A is, I can pay tithing level is provided in the focus area for splitting the radiation into two sections. A pair of knives 10b, 10c of the second level is provided to divide each of the two segments on the two cut to form the two sets of two slices. In this implementation between the knives of the first level and the second level of the individual mirrors are not used. Reflective coatings knife first level can be a flat mirror or they may be cylindrical or spherical mirrors, which also re-focus the energy in the direction of the second knife. The walls inside handle on the lathe and polished to act as mirrors to reflect and re-focus field to another knife or horn irradiator. In addition, the walls may be silvered or gilded. Two sets of two slices affect knives 10d-10g third level, which splits the radiation into eight sections, which, in turn, are detected by the horns.

As mentioned above, one of several knives from 10th on 10g of Fig. 10 may also have a curved surface to make distortion or provide appropriate correction to ensure, as described with reference to Fig. 9, more closely linked split beams. Alternatively or additionally, although not shown in Fig. 10, a single node 17 can also be designed with the inclusion predisease mirrors 15 and/or corrective mirror the La 16, described with reference to Fig. 6, to further enhance separation efficiency.

In Fig. 11 shows the side of the block 17 of the split beam without horn irradiators. Along the side surface of the beam splitter are holes 21a-21d for receiving horn irradiators 5A-5d of Fig. 10. For example, in the case of use in the presence of radiation of 300 GHz, the height of the unit, including the cover, may be about 20 mm

Two or more blocks 17, as described with reference to Fig. 10 and 11, can be placed over each other to get dual linear polarization and an extra band of operating frequencies. Schematic representation of the four-block site of the split beam is shown in Fig. 12. In the focus area of the antenna system provides a polarizing plate 22 for the separation of the near field to the fields with two different polarizations. Next, each part of the energy of the near field is cleaved, for example, frequency-selective surface or dichroic filter 23a, 23b on two different frequencies, representing two groups of two parts of the field. Next, the resulting part of the field focus with the use of mirrors 24a, 24b, if necessary, on the first knife each block 17a-17d and then are separated and routed to the horn the horn (not shown in Fig. 12). If in each block are generated beams 8, the node will be created n the scanning grating with 8 beams, at the same time with the same frequency and polarization of the beams. Of course, you can provide additional frequency-selective surfaces to divide the field into smaller elements resolution frequency. It is clear that separation based on polarization and frequency are examples only, and you can also consider splitting based on other characteristics of the radiation.

Although in Fig. 10, 11 and 12 components of each separation unit beam is shown in the same plane, it should be clear that, if required in the application, the components of each separation unit beam can be mounted in different planes in a compact three-dimensional space.

In addition, it is clear that the knives and the focusing elements can also be used in a transmitting antenna to get together tightly linked beams for radiation by the antenna. In this case, instead of the separator 4 of the beam shall be provided for the beam combiner. In a transmitting horn antenna irradiators create different beams, which are radiated to the separating elements. Each of the separating elements 10, 12 reflects or refracts a lot of falling beams for the formation of a set of tightly linked adjacent beams. The focusing elements 11, 13 re-focus and re-profiling a set of tightly linked PU the Cove. Separating the elements closest to the horn irradiators, reflect or refract the two beams with the formation of set of two adjacent beams, while separating elements more distant from the horn of irradiators, reflect two sets of adjacent beams or one set of adjacent beams and only the beam with the formation of a new set of adjacent beams. The separating elements are placed so that at least two of the beam falling on the separating element from two different directions, but are reflected or refracted in essentially the same direction. As described with reference to Fig. 6-9, the separating elements can be designed with curved surfaces for distortion and correction of the beam in order to form a more tightly linked beams. Alternatively or in addition, you can enter a distorting mirror 15 and corrective mirror 16 to further enhance the effectiveness of combining beams. The beam combiner can be used, for example, in radar or transmitting communication systems that require tightly linked beams. In the transmission system of the horn, the horn should be placed outside the focal region, and knives, mirrors and lenses should redirect the beams from the horn of irradiators in the focal region for radiation by the antenna system, which will make the possibility of the major education more tightly linked beams, than in the case when the horn the horn is located in the focal region. Depending on the layout of the reflectors in the transmitting antenna focal area would be consistent with the focus of a single reflector or the focus of the auxiliary reflector.

The transmitting antenna may have the same arrangement of components as described with reference to Fig. 1-12 for the receiving antenna, but, of course, the radiation direction should be opposite to the direction described with reference to the drawings mentioned above. For example, with regard to Fig. 2, the beams must be created horn horn with 6A through 6f, focused by lenses 11b, 11d, 11e, 11b, 11i and 11j and consistently to unite the blades 10A through 10j for the formation of a set of tightly linked beams. Further, with regard to Fig. 1, the set of beams should be reflected by the additional reflector 3 to the main reflector 2 and the distance from the antenna system 1.

Although there have been described specific examples of the invention, the scope of the invention defined by the attached claims and not limited by the examples. Therefore, as should be clear to experts in the art, the invention can be implemented in other ways.

For example, although some components of the beam splitter classified as mirrors, and other components classified as knives, due is to be understood, what knives can be used for reflection and separation fields. Therefore, the mirror can be replaced by knives, and knives, which provide only the reflection function can be replaced by mirrors. In addition, the number of knives used in the beam splitter depends on the application. In some implementations use a single knife, while in other implementations use a lot of knives.

In addition, although the described beam splitter is designed to separate the near field of the antenna system, it should be clear that the separation of the electromagnetic field of the beam splitter is not limited to near-field antenna. The beam splitter can be used to separate any electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field may be the far field of some component in the system and in this case, the beam splitter can be used for splitting the far field of this component. In addition, although the antenna system of Fig. 1 is described as having a particular configuration of the primary and secondary reflectors for receiving incoming radiation or transmission of the outgoing radiation, the antenna system may have any suitable arrangement of reflectors.

1. Device for splitting the electromagnetic field received by the antenna system, comprising:
one or more knives for p is Ceplene electromagnetic field into multiple segments, corresponding to the individual beams, and redirection mentioned many segments to detect multiple detectors,
moreover, at least one of the one or more blades includes first and second surfaces that intersect along an edge, and the edge of the at least one knife is for splitting field falling on the knife, by redirecting at least a first segment of the field incident on the first surface in the first direction and at least a second segment of the field incident on the second surface in a second direction different from the first direction.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein each of the one or more blades configured to redirect the segment field in the direction, based on the point of falling on the knife.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein each of the one or more blades includes first and second surfaces and a knife made with the possibility of splitting fields by redirecting segment of the field incident on the first surface in the first direction and the segment of the field incident on the second surface in a second direction different from the first direction.

4. The device according to claim 1, containing a set of knives for splitting field on successively smaller and smaller segments.

5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which at the ore one of the one or more knives contains prismatic knife.

6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which at least one of the one or more blades includes a reflecting knife.

7. The device according to claim 6, in which a reflecting knife includes two reflective surfaces connected at an angle.

8. The device according to claim 7, containing at least two knives, one of the knives mentioned contains two reflecting surfaces and said two reflecting surfaces are profiled to distort many segments of the field, enabling another knife from at least two blades is more efficient to divide the many segments of the field.

9. The device according to claim 8, in which two reflective surfaces are shaped to extrude the cross-section beams, the respective segments of the field.

10. The device according to claim 7, in which two reflective surfaces are shaped to focus one of the many segments of the field to the detector or in which the device comprises at least two knives, one of the knives mentioned contains two reflecting surfaces, and said two reflecting surfaces are profiled to focus on one of the many segments of the field to another knife from at least two knives.

11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, optionally containing predisease mirror to reflect many of segm new fields on one or more knives, this predisease mirror made with the possibility of extrusion of the cross-section beams, corresponding to the many segments of the field, which allows you to divide tightly linked bundles.

12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further containing a means for focusing at least one of the mentioned multiple segments of the field on the detector, or in which the device comprises at least two knives, and the device further comprises a focusing means for focusing one of the many segments of the field from one knife to another knife from at least two knives.

13. The device according to item 12, in which the means for focusing the many segments of the field made with the possibility of changing the shape of many segments of the field to a circular beam.

14. The device according to item 12, in which the means for focusing the many segments of the field contains at least one of the mirrors and lenses.

15. The device according to item 12, in which one or more knives contain a lot of metal reflecting the knives, and means for focusing includes a number of metal mirrors, with many metal reflective knives and metal mirrors carved from a single block of metal.

16. Device for splitting radiation, containing multiple layers, with each layer contains device is about according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a hole for receiving radiation moreover, the device further comprises means for separating the incoming radiation on the basis of at least one parameter of the radiation and redirect the partial radiation in separate layers through the said holes.

17. The device according to clause 16, in which the means for separating the incoming radiation contains a splitter for splitting the radiation on the basis of polarization or frequency radiation.

18. Antenna system containing the device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and many horn irradiators for receiving the forwarded and re-focus segments of the field.

19. Antenna system, comprising:
many horn irradiators for the formation of multiple beams; and
many elements referred to redirect the beams to the focal area antenna system for forming groups of tightly linked beams for radiation by the antenna system,
moreover, the set of elements contains an element having a first surface for redirecting at least one of these rays received from the first direction, and a second surface for redirecting at least another of these rays received from the second direction, the first and second surfaces intersect along an edge.

20. Antenna system according to claim 19, in which the set of elements contains an element made with the possibility of reflection or refraction of many of the incident beam for the formation of a set of adjacent beams, moreover, the antenna system further comprises a focusing element for focusing the set of adjacent beams to another element of the set of elements.

21. Antenna system for p or 19, in which the set of elements contains many reflecting knives or prismatic blades.