Method to control phase-shifting device. RU patent 2509408.
 Phase method to control modes of operation of phased antenna array (paa) / 2475903Phase method to control modes of PAA operation is based on distribution of microwave signals by quadrants of aperture with their further separation, using a distribution system, along separate radiating elements in the mode of transfer, in the mode of reception of reflected signals, their summation in separate quadrants with further supply of resulting signals from quadrants to a microwave summator, generating summary-difference characteristics, at the same time at the inlet of each quadrant in the mode of transfer the signals are divided into two parts in a balance bridge with the possibility of changing the phase in one of parts by 180° with provision of the specified phase distribution in the PAA aperture, at the same time in the reception mode the signals summed in the distribution system from the aperture arrive to this or that balance arm of the bridge depending on the fact whether the phase has or has not been changed by 180° in the part of the quadrant. |
 Phase section / 2292111In order to enhance dynamic range and stability of third-order phase section in ARLC hardware base, capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with inductance element L1, both connected at one point to ground and at other one, through first capacitor C1 to non-inverting input of operational amplifier μ; the latter is connected through first resistor R1 to input of phase section and the latter is connected through second resistor R2 to inverting input of operational amplifier μ; this amplifier is connected through third resistor R3 to operational amplifier output that also functions as phase section output. |
| Phase section / 2292111 In order to enhance dynamic range and stability of third-order phase section in ARLC hardware base, capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with inductance element L1, both connected at one point to ground and at other one, through first capacitor C1 to non-inverting input of operational amplifier μ; the latter is connected through first resistor R1 to input of phase section and the latter is connected through second resistor R2 to inverting input of operational amplifier μ; this amplifier is connected through third resistor R3 to operational amplifier output that also functions as phase section output. |
| Phase method to control modes of operation of phased antenna array (paa) / 2475903 Phase method to control modes of PAA operation is based on distribution of microwave signals by quadrants of aperture with their further separation, using a distribution system, along separate radiating elements in the mode of transfer, in the mode of reception of reflected signals, their summation in separate quadrants with further supply of resulting signals from quadrants to a microwave summator, generating summary-difference characteristics, at the same time at the inlet of each quadrant in the mode of transfer the signals are divided into two parts in a balance bridge with the possibility of changing the phase in one of parts by 180° with provision of the specified phase distribution in the PAA aperture, at the same time in the reception mode the signals summed in the distribution system from the aperture arrive to this or that balance arm of the bridge depending on the fact whether the phase has or has not been changed by 180° in the part of the quadrant. |
 Method to control phase-shifting device / 2509408Phase-shifting device is controlled by means of stagewise switching of windings of its shunt transformer by thyristor bridges. For this purpose they measure thyristor bridges and voltage on their switched windings. By measured current and voltage values in the initial condition of the phase-shifting device for each thyristor bridge they fix intervals of the first type, starting from shift in polarity of voltage and ending with shift of current direction, and intervals of the second type, starting from the shift of current direction and ending with shift of polarity of voltage. Intervals of the second type are shortened in the start of the interval - by the value exceeding the time of recovery of the control properties of the thyristor, and in the end of the interval - by the value exceeding the sum of time for recovery of control properties of the thyristor and time of current switching in the winding of the shunt transformer. Duration of shortened intervals is compared with duration of the thyristor switching pulse. Sequence of the permitted intervals is generated from intervals of the first type and shortened intervals of the second type, duration of which exceeds the duration of the thyristor switching pulse. The permitted sequence of the stagewise switching of windings is selected, meeting the specified limitations, in accordance with which they perform switching of the windings in the permitted intervals. |
FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: phase-shifting device is controlled by means of stagewise switching of windings of its shunt transformer by thyristor bridges. For this purpose they measure thyristor bridges and voltage on their switched windings. By measured current and voltage values in the initial condition of the phase-shifting device for each thyristor bridge they fix intervals of the first type, starting from shift in polarity of voltage and ending with shift of current direction, and intervals of the second type, starting from the shift of current direction and ending with shift of polarity of voltage. Intervals of the second type are shortened in the start of the interval - by the value exceeding the time of recovery of the control properties of the thyristor, and in the end of the interval - by the value exceeding the sum of time for recovery of control properties of the thyristor and time of current switching in the winding of the shunt transformer. Duration of shortened intervals is compared with duration of the thyristor switching pulse. Sequence of the permitted intervals is generated from intervals of the first type and shortened intervals of the second type, duration of which exceeds the duration of the thyristor switching pulse. The permitted sequence of the stagewise switching of windings is selected, meeting the specified limitations, in accordance with which they perform switching of the windings in the permitted intervals.
EFFECT: improved reliability.
4 cl, 4 dwg
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and electric power industry, and in particular to the management of thyristor phase shifting devices (PSD). FPU present high-voltage electrotechnical complex of-phase voltage to be included consistently in line. FPU can be used in electrical networks with a voltage of 110...1150 kV for flexible regulation of flows of active and reactive power, increasing the capacity of existing lines and increase dynamic stability of the energy system by step control module and phase of the voltage at the output of FPU.
The level of equipment
Thyristor FPU known and are composed of two transformers: series and shunt and thyristor commutator included between shunt and series transformer [see, for example, Pat. EN 106060]. Each phase thyristor switch contains a number of series-connected thyristor bridges. Thyristor bridge consists of four bidirectional thyristor switch that switches (connection direct or reverse polarity or off) secondary winding shunt transformer, which is included in the diagonal bridge (hereinafter - shunt winding). Secondary winding series transformer included in phase transmission line and brought voltage and the phase shift can take a finite number of values, known as the regulation levels, depending on the number and polarity shunt windings, introduced in primary circuit series transformer. Each regulation level corresponds to a particular connection shunt windings and a specific set of States keys bridges thyristor commutator. The transition from the previous source control stages to the newly specified (finite) steps can be carried out both at once (in one step) and through the intermediate stage (a few steps). In General, such a transition is gradual, with the number of stages 1 and above and by the appropriate gradual switching shunt windings thyristor bridges. The sequence of the switching speed, which is taken by the PR during the transition from the initial stage to the final, called the route switch.
As a prototype of the invention adopted known way to control FPU through gradual switching thyristor bridges windings shunt transformer [Ryzhov P. Distant transmission lines of high voltage. M: publishing house of the MPEI. s-310]. The method prototype measure currents thyristor bridges and voltage switched on their windings of transformers and shunt in accordance with the measured values of switch thyristors bridges for gradual switching of windings on the installed pipework transformer transforms FPU from the source state specified in the final state. Switching of windings on the inclusion of thyristors is on those intervals during period AC, characterized by the presence of a positive voltage between anode and cathode commutated thyristor and the appropriate direction of the current in the winding.
The lack of a prototype of the low reliability. Management on the method prototype does not prevent emergency situations, which can because of short circuit of the secondary winding shunt transformer if you enable shoulders parallel thyristor bridges. Another reason for the low reliability of the prototype - at the intermediate stages of switching of windings you may experience unacceptably high voltage suppressors) output FPU.
Disclosure of the invention
Effect : enhanced reliability, consequently prevent short circuit of the secondary winding transformers and shunt voltage output FPU in the process of phased switching shunt windings.
The subject of the invention is a method of control FPU through gradual switching thyristor bridges, winding his shunt transformer, measure currents thyristor bridges and voltage switched on their windings, measured in the initial state, phase shifting devices values of voltage and current for each thyristor bridge is fixed intervals of the first kind, beginning with a change of polarity and ending with the change of current direction, and the second intervals starting with a change of current direction and ending with a change of polarity, shorten the intervals of the second kind in the beginning of the interval on the size, exceeding the recovery time control properties of thyristor, and at the end of the interval - an amount exceeding the amount of recovery time control properties of thyristor and time of switching current winding shunt transformer, compare duration shorter intervals with pulse duration enable SCR, form a sequence of allowed intervals of the intervals of the first kind and shorter intervals of the second kind, the duration of which exceeds the length of the pulse enable SCR, choose a valid sequence of gradual switching of windings, satisfying the given constraints, at least to the value of the output voltage phase shifting devices in the process of gradual switching, and perform a staged switching of windings on the allowed intervals in accordance with the selected sequence.
Development of the invention shall provide that the specified limits will further include a limit on the number of switches, by the number of switch thyristors (minimizing the number of switches and thyristors involved in switching, reduces the likelihood of their failure and increases the reliability FPU), the limit on total accumulated phase shift in a staged switching FPU (total accumulated phase shift negatively affects the work of the energy system that uses the FPU, namely on its dynamic stability).
Short description of the shapes
Figure 1 shows an example of a functional scheme of the device control thyristor FPU implementing the proposed method. Figure 2 shows a diagram of one of the thyristor bridges, commuting shunt winding FPU, with current sensors and voltage, and figure 3 and figure 4 shows the timing diagram of current and voltage, measured by sensors.
The implementation of the invention
Proposed handling the PR can be exercised, for example, with the help of the device block diagram of which is shown in figure 1.
The diagram in figure 1 contains twelve functional blocks.
Shaper 1 route switch connected to its inputs to the first output of block 2 analysis and conversion time intervals, the output of block 3 of the task of a final regulation level, to the exit of the unit 4 set restrictions on the choice of route and to the entrance of the block 5 key management bridges. The shaper's output 1 is connected to one input unit 5. Another unit 5 is connected to the second output of block 2. The second unit output 5 are connected to the input of the shaper 6 pulse control thyristor bridge switch 7. Bridges switch 7 fitted with sensors 8 current thyristors and sensors 9 voltage switched shunt winding, connection of which is shown in figure 2. The outputs of the sensors 8 and 9 of each of the bridges connected to the inputs of block 10 measured value, the output of which is connected to the first input block 2. The second entrance of the block 2 is connected to the output of block 11 of issuing of data about parameters of the power circuit components FPU. For unit 3 and unit 4 has received information from a system of 12 automatic control of the power system or power substation.
The inventive method of control is as follows.
In the original position shaper 6 produces pulses of control that supports a previously given system 12 original state thyristor bridges FPU. This driver 1 continuously monitors its entrances, which signals about the source (with unit output 5) and set (unit output 3) the state of the FPU and, consequently, about the source, and the desired state of the thyristor bridges.
If not specified signal begins the next switching process. During this process, the shaper 1 selects a specific route switching thyristor bridges switch 7 ensuring the transition from the initial state in the newly specified destination, and units 5 and 6 provide further implementation of the chosen route in real time.
Shaper 1 can be made, for example, based on the memory device, in the cell which contains the set of all possible for this FPU switch routes, and in the corresponding fields in the address register of recorded data from units 2 and 4.
Management of PR provides the navigation FPU from the state, referred to as the original, with the same phase shift, in another, a system-defined 12, state, called the destination, with a different value of the phase shift introduced FPU. The phase shift FPU is achieved by changing the composition and polarity switching shunt winding through appropriate switching thyristor bridges.
This division is necessary due to the fact that when switching thyristors is done at the moment, close to the beginning or to the end of the intervals of the second kind, you may experience a short circuit of the secondary winding shunt voltage transformer. This is because in this case thyristors is dead, but not in time to restore their ability to keep the voltage to be positive (direct) stress that leads to inadvertent inclusion. For exceptions short circuit switched shunt winding is necessary to consider that at the ends of the interval second time switching current between thyristor bridge is increasing due to the influence on the process of switching of the leakage inductance of secondary winding shunt voltage transformer. The intervals of the first type does not have this feature.
Therefore, for trouble-free switching thyristor bridges on intervals of the second kind it is necessary to delay the start of the process of switching on the recovery time thyristors their control properties t q - from the beginning of the interval and finish the process of switching thyristors the interval for a time equal to the sum of t q +x t , where t x - time of switching current of secondary winding shunt transformer between thyristor bridge, caused by the leakage inductance of this winding (see figure 3).
In cases when the duration shortened interval (Dt 2-t x-2t q ) is less than the required pulse thyristor activation trouble-free natural switching thyristors in this interval of the second kind is impossible (or at least not guaranteed and should be excluded.
In accordance with the above, block 2, to prevent emergency situations, compares duration (Dt 2-t x-2t q ) with the necessary duration of the pulse thyristor activation. Values t q t x pre-determined, for example, on your passport thyristors the type and shunt transformer, respectively, and are stored in block 11. If (Dt 2-t x-2t q ) more pulse thyristor activation, the unit includes 2 this interval Dt 2 in the sequence of allowed intervals, consisting of short intervals of the second kind, which comes with the unit 2 in block 5, otherwise this interval is not used for switching thyristor unit 5.
According to the claimed method sequence gradual switching of windings (i.e. switching selected driver 1 route switching), select from memory 1 shaper must be valid, i.e. feasible (without creating an emergency situation) when the phase shift between current and voltage transducers measuring 8 and 9. The possibility of this feature of the method is confirmed and explained below.
Each thyristor bridge has three operating modes, distinguished by a dial-up connection winding (see figure 2):
- winding removed from service (included thyristors VS1, VS2 or VS3,VS4) and has no effect on the output voltage FPU («upset» the condition of the bridge);
- winding included under (included thyristors VS1, VS4);
- winding included counter (included thyristors VS2, VS3).
These operating States (and the corresponding combinations enable SCR) can be called overturned, the consonant and the counter respectively. Any other combination thyristor activation of the bridge are outside (i.e. never be used in a working device).
As seen from figure 3, there are intervals when the voltage of the sensor 9 and current sensor 8 have the same sign (t 1, t 2 and t 3 t 4 ) and opposite sign (from t 0 to t 1 and t 2, t 3 ).
Based on the above conditions switching thyristors established that in thyristor bridges with the same marks of current and voltage transducers measuring 8 and 9 can be undertaken (i.e. they are valid) one switch:
- counter → overturned;
- counter → agree;
- tilted → agree,
but with opposite signs of current and voltage transducers measuring 8 and 9, others switch:
- agree → overturned;
- agree → counter;
- tilted → counter.
For driver 1 phased sequence of switching on allowed intervals (route switching) was valid and feasible with the available phase shift between current, measured by the sensor 8, and tension, as measured by the sensor 9, block 10 in the initial state FPU reveals intervals overlap or signs of measured values and issues the appropriate data in the unit 2, which, in turn, issues on their input shaper 1 to report to the appropriate address field.
With this information, the shaper 1 selects a route switch with what switch can be made in this (the original), FPU, and which cannot, and should therefore not be available in selected route switching.
For so chosen route switching all intervals of the first type and a shorter intervals of the second kind are permitted time intervals for switching thyristor bridge included driver 1 from the selected route.
According to the claimed method selected a valid sequence of gradual switching of windings (route switching, selected by the shaper 1) must meet specified (for example, an external signal) constraints, at least to the value of the output voltage FPU in the process of phased switching. For this shaper 1, using the information received from unit 4 at the appropriate address field selects the route that meet the specified restrictions, including limiting the size of the output voltages FPU in the process of gradual switching of windings. In addition, block 4 may ask the driver 1 other restrictions, for example, by switching of windings on the number of switch thyristors, phase shift, the total accumulated in a staged switching.
The choice of the route with the required properties is carried out by placing the possible routes that are stored in the memory cells shaper 1, addresses in accordance with the previously calculated value limit parameter.
Shaper 1 should be implemented so that in result of consideration of all of the specified requirements, according to an ongoing way, he definitely chose from a variety founded in his memory switch routes the only (specific) route switch is designed for testing the units 5 and 6.
According to the chosen route switching unit 5 delivers control signals to the driver 6, which produces pulses of including thyristor bridges switch 7. The sequence on the allowed interval generated by block 2, to the input of the block 5, which, controlling block 6, provides feed switch-on pulses to thyristors only within the permitted intervals.
After the final phase switch the selected route block 5 displays on the driver 1 signal the end of the route, allowing to begin the process of change-control phase shift FPU with the appearance of the output of block 3 of the other values in the destination state, incompatible with current installed.
Thus, the implementation of the totality of features of the proposed method of management PR provides the achievement of the technical result.
1. Way of management of phase-shifting device through gradual switching thyristor bridges, winding his shunt transformer, namely, that measure currents thyristor bridges and voltage switched on their windings, and for measured values of voltage and current for each thyristor bridge is fixed intervals of the first kind, beginning with a change of polarity and ending with the change of current direction, and the second intervals starting with a change of current direction and ending with a change of polarity, shorten the intervals of the second kind in the beginning of the interval on the size, exceeding the recovery time control properties of thyristor, and at the end of the interval is the amount that exceeds the amount of recovery time control properties of thyristor and time of switching current winding shunt transformer, compare duration shorter intervals with pulse duration enable SCR, form a sequence of allowed intervals of the intervals of the first kind and shorter intervals of the second kind, the duration of which exceeds the length of the pulse enable SCR, choose a valid sequence of gradual switching of windings, satisfying the given constraints, at least to the value of the output voltage phase shifting devices in the process staged switching, and perform a staged switching of windings on the allowed intervals in accordance with the selected sequence.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specified limits will further include a limit on the number of switches on the windings.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specified limits will further include a limitation on the number of switch thyristors.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specified limits will further include a limit on the total accumulated phase shift of phase shifting devices.