Ultra-wideband small-size antenna and communication device having said antenna. RU patent 2507645.

IPC classes for russian patent Ultra-wideband small-size antenna and communication device having said antenna. RU patent 2507645. (RU 2507645):

H01Q1/24 - with receiving set

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Method for reducing artificial electromagnetic radiation action hazard / 2262955
Method involves forming electromagnetic wave directed towards biological object having predominating right polarization in the electromagnetic oscillation-emitting source system.

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: ultra-wideband small-size antenna has: an earthing element placed in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the human body; a radiating element whose external dimensions are close to those of the earthing element lies away from the earthing element in a direction approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body at distance of 0.2-0.5 times the average wavelength of the working frequency range; a short-circuiting element mounted in at least two copies and configured to connect the earthing element to the radiating element at such points that its position is approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body; a conducting power element connected to the earthing element and the radiating element at arbitrary points, arranged in a position which is close to being perpendicular to the surface of the body, and has a gap in an arbitrary region with size of not more than 0.125 times the smallest wavelength of the working range, wherein said earthing element and radiating element are oriented in parallel to the surface of the human body, and the earthing element and/or radiating element has at least three slit cuts with an arbitrary shape. The communication device is designed to use such an antenna.

EFFECT: providing a high transfer constant in a radio link between terminals on the surface of a human body.

9 cl, 2 dwg

This invention relates to the field of telecommunications and, more specifically, to the structure and application of ultra-wideband (UWB antennas, and, in particular, those of UWB antennas, designed for use near or directly on the surface of the human body or other biological object.

As you know, human tissue, and most other biological objects have a relatively high dielectric constant, and marked conductivity, causing high values of the reflection coefficient of the falling of the free-space wavelength and factor of attenuation of the wave transmitted inside tissues. Under such conditions, any electromagnetic wave, located near the surface of the human body undergoes serious weakening. However, it is known that, under certain conditions, electromagnetic waves can travel around the curved objects. For efficient transmission and reception of signals, you must use communication devices and antennas special design, adapted to work in radio channel standard WBAN (wireless body area network). Widespread use of such technology found in medicine, sport, mobile communication and other fields, which resulted in the adoption of another standard (IEEE 802.15.6, http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.15.6-2012.html) [1].

Thanks to the spread of the IEEE 802.15.6 is possible to create new types of wireless devices in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the human body. Typically, these devices are self-powered and serious restriction on energy consumption. In such a situation, a necessary step is the search for ways to reduce the power consumption of each individual unit.

In fact such technologies allow the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals near the surface of the body, when the receiving and the transmitting antennas are not in the line of sight, due to the effect of surface electromagnetic waves. The significant problem is the miniaturization of devices such as remote monitoring system health and peripheral devices in mobile communication systems.

The prior art known to the different design of antennas and communication devices, adapted for the use of such antennas and designed to work in immediate proximity from the body of man or other biological object.

In particular, in the application JP 2004343601 [2] describes the antenna is designed to work near the surface of the human body and are located inside the case of the mobile terminal. The antenna consists of a plate ground and the radiating element, which are parallel to one another and are connected with a single jumper. To summarize the power to the antenna insert is used in power supply, plug one end of the radiating element, and the other end to a power supply line, placed on the printed circuit Board. Antenna mode implements single or dual frequency operation at the expense of introduction of additional slot slot on one of the metal structural elements.

The major drawbacks of the invention [2] in terms of the possibility for UWB communication channel between the public terminals, placed near or on the surface of the body can be called:

- use antenna the additional volume inside a mobile device, which significantly limits the possibility of miniaturization;

- horizontal polarization of radiation of the antenna relative to the surface of the human body that does not allow a relationship between the two terminals, placed on different sides of the surface of the human body;

- lack of UWB approval of the antenna.

The closest to the claimed invention technical solution published as WO 2012/059302 [3], which describe the basic design of small-size antenna designed for operation near the surface of the human body and ensuring radiation with vertical polarization. Antenna is intended for use in hearing AIDS. The main shortcomings of the invention [3] the following:

radiating structure is a narrow-band system, which complicates the coordination of the antenna in lane when the rebuilding of the working frequency;

antenna may not be used for radiation UWB without their material misstatement due to its principled .

Thus, the invention of [3] cannot be used for the implementation of UWB radio channel IEEE 802.15.6.

Problem to be solved by the claimed invention consists in the development of devices allowing to achieve high values of the coefficient of transmission in the channel between the connected terminals located outside the visible area on the surface of the human body, in particular on the surface of the head.

The technical result is achieved through the development of an improved design of ultra-wideband small-size antenna, which is composed of the grounding element, radiating element, shorting element conducting the battery, and differs from the prototype to the fact that:

- grounding elements are placed in close proximity to the surface of the human body;

- radiating element, exterior dimensions of which are close to the external dimensions of the element of grounding, removed from the element of grounding in the direction of approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body at a distance of 0.2 to 0.5 the average wavelength of the frequency range; and

- shorting element is installed, at least, in two copies and is made with the possibility of joining the element of grounding with the radiating element in locations such that its position was approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body;

- conducting the battery connected to the element ground and the radiating element at random spots, placed in position, approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body, and has a gap in any area of a size not more than 0.125 lowest wavelength working range for the device to connect to power antenna, said the grounding element and radiating element are oriented parallel to the surface of the body, and on the element earth and or radiating element are executed at least three slit cut of arbitrary shape.

Such antenna is to be used in portable communication devices, the design of which is due to the peculiarities of the antenna. As variants of realization of the declared portable communication device, made with the possibility of work in band when placed in close proximity to the surface of the human body, containing a dielectric body and placed it small-size antenna is different because it contains:

- element antenna grounding placed in close proximity to the surface of the human body, the geometrical form the surface of which is close to the geometric shape of the body's internal surface of the device;

- radiating element antenna, external dimensions of which are close to the external dimensions of the element of grounding, remote from the element of grounding in the direction of approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body at a distance of 0.2 to 0.5 the average wavelength of the frequency range; and

- shorting the antenna element, placed, at least, in two copies and connecting the grounding element with the radiating element of such points to his position was approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body;

- conductive element of your power antenna, connected to the grounding element and the radiating element at random spots, and conducting the battery is placed approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body and has a gap in any area of a size not more than 0.125 lowest wavelength of the working range for the device to connect to power antenna, and

- grounding elements and/or emitting element fitted with at least three slit cutouts of arbitrary form;

the element of grounding and the radiating element is installed on the inner surface of a dielectric body of the unit and focused maximally parallel to the surface of the human body.

The inventive solutions enable the required indicator signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver input to reduce the power of the transmitter and/or use less sensitive receiver that cumulatively lead to a decrease of power consumption portable device.

On the other hand, due to mixed polarization of radiation is provided by the possibility of stable communication with external devices.

An important feature of the invention is to minimize the size of the radiator and the possibility of manufacturing all elements of the antenna in the form of low-profile conformal chassis device structures.

Antenna, radiating waves corresponding to the ones listed rules, may pass information along the surface of the body, being on different sides of the entity does not have line of sight through free space. The wave will undergo a small weakening redistributions in comparison with the spread of the beam directly through the inner layers of the object. This will reduce the energy consumption of the transceiver modules devices.

In addition, the proposed antenna allows data transfer with the use of ultra-wideband signals of different types, for example ultrashort pulses, signals with linear frequency modulation, different kinds of noise-like signals (chaotic etc). The antenna has a low height (about a tenth of the average wavelength of operating range)that reduces dimensions of the devices and improves ease of use.

Design of the claimed antenna is based on the General principles of formation of radiation typical antennas type PIFA (Planar Inverted F antenna). Theoretical principles of the design of these antennas can be found on the website http://www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/patches/pifa.php [4]. In General, these antennas have a conductive planar element, conditionally called the “ground” (land) “radiating” (radiant) element, made in the form of strips or the tape is placed above the ground and connected with it through the element of (shorting wall or shorting PIN) and element of clothing, which connects the antenna with other elements of microwave channel device. Classic PIFA antenna are narrowband antennas with elliptical polarization. This feature directional diagrams PIFA antenna provides the possibility of their effective use in the mobile communication devices, where the specific positioning of the object relative to the base station is not specified. Another feature of the PIFA is a possibility minimization of the size of the required approval of at a given lower frequency range. This effect is manifested by the emergence of the first resonance in the domestic current loop, the size of which is approximately equal to a quarter of the operating wavelength. These prerequisites enable to offer the design of the radiator, is not known earlier to implement the General principles of type antennas PIFA, but with ultra-wideband characteristics at work on the surface of the human body or other biological object.

Figure 1 shows the General view of the claimed antenna. In the figure represent the following elements:

1 - lug;

2 - radiant plate;

3 - set of shorting pins;

4 - pin power supply;

5 - set slot elements.

Figure 2 presents the frequency dependence of the standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the antenna input, realizes the principles of the proposed class of devices, between 7 and 10 GHz when you install the radiator on the surface of the head of the man behind the ear.

General view of the claimed antenna is presented in Fig.1. An important feature of the claimed antenna is the possibility of reducing the size of the item 1 of antenna grounding, which is a plate ground, to the sizes of plates radiating element 2, which allows to efficiently adapt the antenna under construction, for the most part, symmetric body of the unit with one hand, with a decrease of shielding properties of the element ground, thereby increasing broadband antenna. Another important feature of the claimed design is used, the approach to implementation of the radiating element 2 and location of shorting elements, made in the form of pins 3. The outer contour of the radiating element 2 repeat the shape of the plates 1 ground, however, to ensure ultra-wideband characteristics of coordination and orientation of radiating element 2 profiled with the help of three or more slots slot 5, that lead to formation of a set of various current circuits and, consequently, opportunities for work of the antenna at about a fixed position phase center, which leads to small distortions in the radiation of ultra-wideband . In antenna figure 1 uses two shorting pins 3 and one item 4 powering made also of a pin. The position of the pins is selected to generate common-mode vertical currents in the working frequency band, and, as a consequence, high gain value on the vertical polarization, which is a precondition for the organization of communication between the exploded on different sides of the entity-body devices. This antenna is suggested to use at the location of the current-carrying elements 1-4 on the inner surface of the plastic casing of a portable device. For saving thus conformity of the design appears the possibility to efficiently use the internal volume of the device. When installed on the surface of the body as the contact side of the device must be the party that has a lug, which significantly reduces the power losses in biological tissues.

and mixed polarization of the antenna make it a matching characteristics and orientation of weakly sensitive to slight changes in the base form of separate elements, the presence and location of internal elements of the device (chips, batteries and other). This provides the possibility of forming a stable channel for «on-body to on-body (body to body), and «on-body to off-body (body outside the body) information transmission channels. External dimensions of the antenna are tailored to the specified range of operating frequencies and dimensions of the device. In General, it should be assumed that

lam/4=2*h+Lm,

where lam - lowest operating wavelength range,

h is the distance between the plate earth and radiating plate,

Lm - average perimeter of the current loop on the surface, roll formed radiating slots plate (size depends on the chosen configuration cracks).

1. Compact ultra-wideband antenna, which is composed of the grounding element, radiating element, shorting element, conductive element of power and is characterized by the fact that: - the grounding element is placed in close proximity to the surface of the human body; - emitting element, exterior dimensions of which are close to the external dimensions of the element of grounding, removed from the element of grounding in the direction of approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body at a distance of 0.2 to 0.5 the average wavelength of the frequency range; and - shorting element is installed, at least, in two copies and is made with the possibility of joining the element of grounding with the radiating element in locations such that its position was approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body; - conducting the battery connected to the grounding element and the radiating element at random spots, placed in a position close to the normal to the surface of the body, and has a gap in any area of a size not more than 0.125 lowest wavelength of the operating range, the said item ground and radiating element are oriented parallel to the surface of the body, and the element earth and or radiating element are executed at least three slit cut of arbitrary shape.

2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive element of power and short-circuiting elements are positioned so as to create a common-mode vertical currents in the working frequency band.

3. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the external dimensions of the antenna to pick under a range of operating frequencies according to: lam/4=2*h+Lm, where lam - lowest operating wavelength range, h is the distance between the ground and the radiating element, Lm - average perimeter of the current loop on the surface, roll formed cracks radiating element.

4. Portable communication device, made with the possibility of work in band when placed in close proximity to the surface of the human body, containing a dielectric body and placed it the small-sized the antenna is different because it contains: - element antenna grounding placed in close proximity to the surface of the human body, the geometric shape of the surface of which is similar to the geometric shape of the body's internal surface of the device; - emitting element antenna, external dimensions of which are close to the external dimensions of the element of grounding, remote from the element of grounding in the direction of approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body at a distance of 0.2 to 0.5 the average wavelength of the frequency range; and - shorting the antenna element, established in at least two copies and connecting the grounding element with the radiating element in locations such that its position was approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body; - conductive element of your power antenna, connected to the grounding element and the radiating element at random spots, and conducting the battery is placed approximately perpendicular to the surface of the body and has a gap in any area of a size not more than 0.125 lowest wavelength of the operating range, and the element earth and or radiating element fitted with at least three slit cutouts of arbitrary form; and the grounding element and the radiating element is installed on the inner surface of a dielectric body of the unit and are focused maximum parallel to the surface of the human body.

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the person conducting the battery shorting element positioned in such a way as to create a common-mode vertical currents in the working frequency band.

6. The device according to claim 4, wherein the external dimensions of the antenna to pick under a range of operating frequencies according to: lam/4=2*h+Lm, where lam - lowest operating wavelength range, h is the distance between the ground and the radiating element, Lm - average perimeter of the current loop on the surface, roll formed cracks radiating element.

7. The device according to claim 4, wherein is adapted to use in communication systems based on IEEE 802.15.06.

8. The device according to claim 4, wherein the executed with the possibility of communication between the terminals located on the surface of the body object.

9. The device according to claim 4, wherein the executed with the possibility of communication between the terminal on the surface of the human body and the remote external device.