System of fuel element and method of its control. RU patent 2507644.

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: fuel element system is proposed, including a fuel element for generation of energy by implementation of an electrochemical reaction between an oxidant gas supplied to an oxidant electrode, and a fuel gas supplied to a fuel electrode; a system (HS) of fuel gas supply for supply of fuel gas to the fuel electrode; and a controller for control of the fuel gas supply system (HS), in order to supply fuel gas to the fuel electrode, besides, the controller changes pressure, when the output of the side of the fuel electrode is closed, at the same time the controller periodically changes pressure of the fuel gas in the fuel electrode on the basis of the first profile of pressure change for variation of pressure during the first pressure swing (ΔP1).

EFFECT: higher durability of fuel elements by adjustment of pressure at electrodes.

5 cl, 22 dwg

The technical field

The present invention relates to a system of a fuel element.

The level of technology

Commonly used system of a fuel element is provided with a fuel cell in which the fuel gas (e.g. hydrogen) is fed to the fuel electrode and gas oxidizer (for example, air) is fed to the electrode oxidant, causing the electrochemical reaction of these gases, thus performing, the generation of energy.

With regard to the fuel system of the specified type, the nitrogen contained in the air penetrates the side of the fuel electrode, so that the fuel electrode is part of having a high concentration of nitrogen, which is a part that has lower concentration of hydrogen. Caused by thus heterogeneity of gas is the cause of the deterioration of the elements included in the fuel cell. In the document JP 2007-517369 describes how to change the gas pressure in the fuel electrode and electrode oxidant to blow the water fuel cell and accumulated gas.

Technical problem

However, with regard to the method described in JP 2007-517369, the change in pressure with the momentum of relatively high pressure is necessary for blowing liquid water and gas. Thus, much voltage can be fed the electrolyte membrane included in the fuel cell, thus causing the deterioration of actual durability of the fuel cell.

The present invention was made in the light of these problems. The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the heterogeneity of reactive gas with the elimination of deterioration of the durability of the fuel cell.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to eliminate the tension caused by the fuel cell or components for supply of fuel gas to resolve the deterioration of the fuel cell.

System of a fuel cell, according to one aspect of the present invention includes: fuel cell to generate energy through the implementation of the electrochemical reaction between the gas-oxidant, filed on electrode oxidizer and fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode system supply of fuel gas for supply of fuel gas to the fuel electrode and controller for the system management for supply of fuel gas to supply fuel gas fuel electrode, and the controller is with possibility of change of pressure, when the output of the fuel electrode is closed, the controller periodically changes the fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode based on the first profile changes in pressure to implement the pressure changes when the first span of pressure.

Way regulation of the system of fuel cell according to this aspect of the present invention includes the stages at which: generate energy through the implementation of the electrochemical reaction between the gas-oxidant applied to the electrode oxidizer and fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode; serves fuel gas fuel electrode and control the operation for supply of fuel gas to submit fuel gas fuel electrode, and perform the change in pressure, when the output of the fuel electrode is closed, and operation management periodically changes the fuel gas pressure on the fuel electrode based on the first profile changes in pressure to implement the pressure changes when the first span of pressure.

System of a fuel cell, according to this aspect of the present invention includes: fuel cell to generate energy through the implementation of the electrochemical reaction between the gas-oxidant applied to the electrode oxidizer and fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode tool for supply of fuel gas to the fuel electrode and a means for controlling the means of filing, to supply fuel gas fuel electrode, and management tool performed with possibility of change of pressure, when the output of the fuel electrode closed management tool periodically changes the fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode based on the first profile changes in pressure to implement the pressure changes when the first span of pressure.

Advantageous effects of the invention

According to the present invention, the periodic change of fuel gas pressure on the fuel electrode based on the first profile changes in pressure, which makes a change in pressure during the first span of pressure, can shake the gas the fuel electrode. Gas is the fuel electrode can be made uniform.

In addition, according to the present invention, the number of supply of fuel gas in the period of implementation of one of the regulatory profile is increased so that you can resolve the rising number of growth-pressure drop over the period. The voltage applied to the fuel element or components of the fuel gas supply may be removed, so that you can resolve the deterioration of the system of the fuel cell.

Brief description of drawings

Figure 1(a) - a block diagram, a schematic showing the structure of the system of the fuel element according to the first version of the implementation; 1(b) block diagram, schematically showing the different structure of the system of the fuel element according to the first version of the implementation;

Figure 2(a) - explaining the image displaying the status of hydrogen on the side of the fuel electrode in a fuel cell, showing the line of the stream of hydrogen gas flow in the channel side of the fuel electrode; Figure 2(b) distribution of the concentration of hydrogen in a channel flow of gas in the fuel electrode; and figure 2(C) - distribution of the concentration of hydrogen on the reaction surface of the fuel electrode;

Figure 3(a) - explaining the picture schematically showing the fuel cell in the assumption of the eight points of the current measurement; and 3(b) - temporary border crossings distribution of power in the individual measurement points;

Figure 4 cutaway view, schematically showing the structure of the fuel cell;

Figure 5 - explaining the image displaying the magnitude of leakage of nitrogen as compared to the difference of the partial pressure of nitrogen between the electrode of the oxidant and fuel electrode;

6 - explaining the image displaying the attitude between the humidity and the value of the leakage of nitrogen respectively ambient temperature;

Fig.7(a) explaining the picture schematically showing the state of the mixing of hydrogen with gas; and Fig.7(b) - define the time to stop the supply of hydrogen (operation valve closing);

Fig.8(a) explaining the image displaying the status of the release of liquid water; Fig.8(b) - define the time to stop the supply of hydrogen (operation valve closing); Fig.8 () is another example of determining the time to stop the supply of hydrogen (operation valve closing); and Fig.8(d) - another example of determining the time to stop the supply of hydrogen (operation valve closing);

Fig.9 - explaining the image displaying the current distribution on the surface of energy generation;

Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the working procedures of the ways of regulation of system of a fuel cell, according to the second variant of implementation;

11 - explaining the image displaying the control profiles of the first method of control;

Fig.12 - explaining the image displaying the control profiles second control mode;

Fig.13 - explaining the image displaying the control profiles third method of control;

Figure 14 - explaining the image shows the growth-drop the pressure in the fuel electrode;

Fig.15 - explaining the image of the first time saving TP1;

Fig.16 - explaining the image a second time to save TP2;

Fig.17 - explaining the picture that shows the load on each of the first time saving TP1 and the second time to save TP2;

Fig.18 - explaining the picture that shows the load on each of the first time saving TP1 and the second time to save TP2;

Fig.19 - explaining the image indicates the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of the pressure P2 relatively load current;

Fig.20(a) explaining the picture schematically showing the capacity of the Rs side of the fuel electrode in the block of fuel cells and capacity Rt enclosing parts; and Fig.20(b) indicates that the new hydrogen in the block of fuel cells in the amount of approximately 1/4 of the capacity of the fuel system;

Fig.21 - explaining the image of the upper limit of pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2; and

Fig.22 - explaining the image of the rate of fall of pressure.

A detailed description of the invention

The first variant of the invention, the

Figure 1(a) is a block diagram, a schematic showing the structure of the system 100 fuel cell under the first scenario the implementation of the present invention. System 100 fuel cell is installed, for example, on the vehicle, which is a movable object, and the vehicle is driven by electricity supplied from a system 100 fuel cell.

System 100 fuel cell, mainly equipped unit 1 fuel elements, incorporating many of packaged fuel cells. Each of fuel elements, included in box 1 fuel elements, formed so that the fuel element is between a pair of delimiters, and the structure of the fuel cell has this structure that the fuel electrode 67 (see figure 4) and electrode 34 oxidant (see figure 4) are interspersed with solid polymer electrolyte membrane.

In block 1 of the fuel elements pair internal flow channels corresponding to each of fuel gas and gas-oxidant, designed to extend in the direction of packing of the fuel cell. One of the pair internal flow channels (pipes), corresponding to fuel gas; for filing the internal channel flow as the first internal channel flow, fuel gas to each of the reaction the surface of the fuel electrode 67 channels of flow of gas in the fuel electrode 67 (flow channels item) individual fuel cells, with regard to exhaust internal channel flow as a second internal channel flow, gas (hereinafter called "the off-gas fuel electrode"), available from each channel flow of gas in the fuel electrode 67 individual fuel cells, flows into the exhaust internal flow channel. Similarly, one of the pair internal flow channels, appropriate gas-; for filing the internal channel flow as the first internal channel flow, gas-oxidant is served to each of the reaction surface parties electrode 34 oxidant through the channels of the gas flow hand electrode 34 of an oxidizer flow channels item) individual fuel cells, with regard to exhaust internal channel flow as a second internal channel flow, gas (hereinafter called "the off-gas electrode oxidant"), available from each channel of the gas flow hand electrode 34 oxidant individual fuel cells, flows into the exhaust internal flow channel. Unit 1 fuel elements under the first scenario the implementation of the designed method of concentration, at which the fuel gas and gas-oxidant flow in opposite ways.

At each of the individual elements of unit 1 fuel elements electrochemically react fuel gas and gas-oxidant, who served on the fuel electrode 67 and electrode 34 oxidant, generating electrical energy.

According to the first version of the implementation of an explanation is given for the case of using hydrogen as a fuel gas and air as a gas-oxidant. In addition, in this description, the terms "fuel cell", "fuel electrode and electrode oxidant are used not only to represent a single fuel cell or fuel electrode or electrode oxidant, but are also used for simultaneous designation of each of fuel elements of unit 1 fuel cells or fuel electrodes electrodes or oxidant.

System 100 fuel cell additionally includes the hydrogen system for the supply of hydrogen in block 1 of the fuel elements and air system of air supply unit 1 fuel cells.

In the hydrogen system of hydrogen as a fuel gas is stored in the fuel tank of 10 (for example, a hydrogen balloon high pressure) and is pumped from the tank 10, in box 1 fuel cell flowing channels of supply of hydrogen (input flow channel of the fuel electrode) L1. More specifically, the flow channel L1 supply of hydrogen has the first tail piece attached to the tank 10, and the second tail piece attached to the input side of the inner flow channel for supply of fuel gas unit 1 fuel cells. In the flow channel L1 hydrogen supply drain valve of the tank (not shown in figure 1) is located downstream from the tank 10. Translation from the tank drain valve in the open state allows the hydrogen gas pressure of the tank 10 mechanical pressure reduction to a specified pressure with a pressure reducing valve (not shown in figure 1), located downstream from the tank 10. This hydrogen gas of low pressure further reduces the pressure valve 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen, located further downstream of the pressure reducing valve, and then served in unit 1 fuel cells. Hydrogen pressure, supplied to the unit 1 fuel elements, that is, the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 can be adjusted by controlling the degree of valve opening 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen. According to the first version of the implementation of the fuel tank 10, flow channel L1 supply of hydrogen and valve 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen, which is located in the flowing channel L1 supply of hydrogen, constitute a system of HS supply of hydrogen (HS system for supply of fuel gas), to supply hydrogen to fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel cells.

In the flow channel L2 waste gas fuel electrode is holding part (which holds the device) 12, which has given the capacity of the Rs (see fig.20) in the form of space, and given the capacity of the Rs, for example, is equivalent, exactly or approximately, 80% of the capacity of the fuel electrode 67 for all fuel elements, included in box 1 fuel cells. Seat a part 12 functions as a buffer for primary storage impurities contained in the exhaust gas of the fuel electrode, the incoming side of the fuel electrode 67. Figure 1 flow channel L3 release of water, which has opened the first tail piece is attached to the bottom of the enclosing section 12 (in a vertical direction, and valve 13 issue of water provided in the flow channel L3 release the water. Impurities (mainly liquid water), contained in the exhaust gas of the fuel electrode included in defining part 12 are stored in the bottom of the enclosing section 12. Adjustment of status «open-closed» gate 13 issue of water can produce saved thus impurities. In addition, in the flow channel L2 waste gas fuel electrode is a blow-off valve (valve) 14 downstream from the enclosing part 12. The exhaust gas fuel electrode, an accommodating part 12, more specifically, the gas contains impurities (mainly inactive gas, such as nitrogen) and unreacted hydrogen can be produced by adjusting the status of the open-closed purge valve 14.

The flow channel of exhaust gas fuel electrode (exhaust flow channel) L2 seat a part (up device) 12 and blow-off valve (valve) 14 form limiter 70.

Meanwhile, it is necessary to direct air as the gas-oxidant air system. For example, air is compressed, when the atmosphere are selected with the help of the compressor 20, feeding air in block 1 of the fuel elements with the help of the flow channel L5 air supply. The flow channel L5 air supply has the first tail piece attached to the compressor 20, and the second tail piece attached to the input side of the inner channel flow of gas supply-oxidant unit 1 fuel cells. In addition, the flow channel L5 air supply has humidifier 21 for humidification of the air into the unit 1 fuel cells.

In block 1 of the fuel elements of the flow passage L6 waste gas electrode oxidant is attached to the output side of the inner flow channel of gas-oxidant. The exhaust gas electrode oxidizer from the electrode 34 oxidant in block 1 fuel cells comes out with the help of the flow channel L6 waste gas electrode oxidant. The flow channel L6 waste gas electrode oxidant has humidifier 21, removes water produced when generating (deleted this water is used for humidification of the air supplied). In addition, in the flow channel L6 waste gas electrode oxidizer valve is 22 adjusting the air pressure downstream from the humidifier 21. Controls the degree of valve opening 22 adjusting the air pressure can adjust the air pressure supplied in unit 1 fuel elements, that is, the pressure of the air electrode 34 oxidant. According to the first version of the implementation of the compressor 20, flow channel L5 air valve 22 adjustment of pressure of air, which is located in the flowing channel L6 waste gas electrode oxidant, constitute a system of filing OS gas-oxidant to supply air to the electrode 34 oxidant unit 1 fuel cells.

In addition, the device 30 selection of output power to control the output power (for example, DC), taken from unit 1 fuel cell is attached to the unit 1 fuel cells. Through the device of 30 selection of the output power of energy, generated in block 1 of the fuel elements, served, for example, in the electric engine (motor)driving the vehicle (not shown in figure 1), secondary battery and a variety of devices required for working of unit 1 fuel cells. In addition, the energy generated by the device is 30 selection of the output power is also served on the secondary battery (not shown in figure 1). This secondary battery provided to compensate the deficiency of energy supplied from block 1 fuel elements, in cases such as system startup 100 fuel elements or during the transition characteristics of the system 100 fuel cell.

To determine the conditions of 100 fuel cell sensor signals from various sensors and the like are included in the controller 40. According to the first version of the implementation of the various sensors include the sensor 41-pressure hydrogen sensor 42 and air pressure sensor 43 temperature block. Sensor 41-pressure hydrogen detects the pressure of hydrogen supplied in block 1 of the fuel elements, the sensor 42 air pressure detects the air pressure supplied in unit 1 fuel elements, and the sensor 43 temperature unit determine the temperature of the unit 1 fuel cells.

According to the first version of the implementation of the controller controls 40 100 fuel elements as follows. First, the controller 40 delivers air and hydrogen in unit 1 fuel cells, thereby performing the generation with the help of unit 1 fuel cells. Pressure (working pressure) of each of air and hydrogen, which are served in unit 1 fuel cell is pre-installed on the specified default value, which is a constant regardless of the workload, or at the various values that are changing accordingly workload. The controller then 40 delivers air and hydrogen at the specified operating pressure and thus keep the generation of unit 1 fuel cells. As one of the signs of the first variant of the implementation, when submitting hydrogen fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel elements controller 40 periodically changes the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel elements on the basis of first profile changes in pressure to perform pressure changes when the first span pressure (pressure difference) and the second profile to changes in pressure to perform pressure changes when the second span of the pressure (pressure drop), which exceeds the first magnitude of pressure. More specifically, the controller 40 re-executes the basic control profiles, i.e. the set of first profile changes pressure followed by the second profile changes in pressure. When the pressure controller 40 stops hydrogen unit 1 fuel elements, and provided that the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel elements reduced by a specified magnitude of pressure (the first magnitude of pressure or second scale pressure), the controller 40 re-starts feeding the hydrogen unit 1 fuel cells, thereby allowing the hydrogen pressure on the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel cells return to operating pressure. Opening and closing the gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen perform a stop or re-start of supply of hydrogen in block 1 of the fuel cell. Watching the value determined by the sensor 41 hydrogen pressure can be continuously monitor the pressure drop of hydrogen, which is equivalent to the magnitude of the pressure.

In addition, figure 1(b) is a block diagram, a schematic showing the different structure of the system of 100 fuel cell under the first scenario the implementation of the present invention. This structure eliminates the valve 13 release of the water, leaving only the blowing valve 14. With the above structure adjustment of the terms of the open-closed purge valve 14 may produce gas, contained in the exhaust gas of the fuel electrode, i.e. the gas contains impurities (mainly inactive gas, such as nitrogen and liquid water) and unreacted hydrogen.

Below is a concept of the system of 100 fuel cell, the host specified structure and way of control.

Due to improved fuel economy and reduce the power of various devices for the fuel cell system work 100 fuel cell at low stoichiometric respect, which is called "a low ratio of surplus of filing of the reacting gas") and the low value of the flow decreases the speed of the flow of the reacting gas (hydrogen or air), the current in the flow channel gas (gas flow channel element) in each of fuel elements of unit 1 fuel cells. The impurities, and unnecessary reaction generation, such as liquid water or gas (mainly nitrogen)is likely to accumulate in the flow channel of gas, which may prevent the distribution of reactive gas, necessary to generate. In this case, the output capacity of the unit 1 fuel cells decreases, and the generation is blocked in addition, the catalyst is necessary for the reaction, may deteriorate.

For example, consider the condition of the unit 1 fuel cells to run generation by the following operations: air supply to the electrode 34 oxidant unit 1 fuel elements; limitation of emissions of exhaust gas fuel electrode of unit 1 fuel cells; and a constant supply of hydrogen in an amount equivalent hydrogen spent on the fuel electrode 67. Individually fuel cell nitrogen in the air is subjected to transverse the diversion of the flow channel of gas the fuel electrode 67 of the flow channel gas side electrode 34 oxidant through solid polymer electrolyte membrane included in the fuel cell. Meanwhile, in the flow channel of gas the fuel electrode 67 flowing hydrogen equivalent hydrogen, consumed by the reaction of the generation, by convection currents. However, as the output side of the internal flow channel of the issue of fuel gas is closed, sink, thus, nitrogen towards the lower course (output side of the channel of the gas flow by means of convection hydrogen. Nitrogen fuel electrode 67 is not consumed by the reaction of generation. Therefore, leakage of nitrogen from the electrode 34 oxidant continuously increases the nitrogen content in the fuel electrode 67 until its partial pressure side electrode 34 oxidant is equal to the partial pressure side of the fuel electrode 67.

Figure 2(a)-2(C) are illustrative images showing the state of the hydrogen on the side of the fuel electrode 67 in a fuel cell. Figure 2(a) shows the current hydrogen in the flow channel of gas the fuel electrode 67. Here the horizontal axis indicates the distance (in the direction of the gas flow channel) channel of the gas flow, and the left side of the horizontal axis corresponds to the input side of the channel of the gas flow, and right side of the x-axis corresponds to the output side of the channel flow. Meanwhile, the y-axis indicates the height of the channel of the gas flow, and the lower side of the ordinate axis corresponds to the reaction surface. Furthermore, figure 2(b) shows the distribution of the concentration of hydrogen gas flow in the channel side of the fuel electrode 67. Like figure 2(a), x-axis specifies the distance (in the direction of the gas flow channel) channel flow, while the y-axis indicates the height of the channel flow. Figure 2(b) area A1 indicates the range of the concentration of hydrogen from 93% to 100%, the area A2 indicates the range of the concentration of hydrogen from 83% to 93%, and the area A3 shows the range of the concentration of hydrogen from 73% to 83%. Furthermore, the area A4 shows the range of the concentration of hydrogen from 63% to 73%, region A5 specifies the range of the concentration of hydrogen from 53% to 63%, region A6 specifies the range of the concentration of hydrogen from 43% to 53%, and the area A7 shows the range of the concentration of hydrogen from 33% to 43%. Furthermore, figure 2(C) shows the distribution of hydrogen concentration on the reaction surface of the fuel electrode 67. Here the horizontal axis indicates the distance of the channel of the gas flow, and the left side of the horizontal axis corresponds to the input side of the channel of the gas flow, whereas the right side of the x-axis corresponds to the output side of the channel flow. Meanwhile, the y-axis indicates the concentration of hydrogen.

As noted above, the cash flow from transverse leakage inflow of nitrogen and hydrogen allow the fuel electrode 67 have a part where the nitrogen concentration is high, that is the part where the hydrogen concentration is low. More specifically, in fuel cells, lower downstream side (output) channel flow tends to additional reduction of the concentration of hydrogen. In addition, the continuous generation of such a state further reduces the concentration of hydrogen in the part where the hydrogen concentration is low.

Figure 4 represents a cutaway view, schematically showing the structure of the fuel cell. The structure of 150 fuel element is included in the fuel element, have such construction that the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2 is situated between the fuel electrode 67 and electrode 34 oxidant, where these two electrodes (jet electrodes) are paired. Solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2 includes, for example, ion-conductive membrane, such as ion-exchange membrane, and functions as a electrolyte membrane by water saturation. Electrode 34 oxidant includes catalytic layer 3 platinum-based bearing the catalyst such as platinum, and gas diffusion layer 4, including porous body, such as carbon fiber. Electrode 67 includes catalytic layer 6 platinum-based bearing the catalyst such as platinum, and gas diffusion layer 7, which includes porous body, such as carbon fiber. Besides, separators (not shown in figure 4), separating structure 150 of the fuel element from both parties, respectively, have channels of gas flow 5, 8 for the supply of reacting gases (hydrogen and air) to individual reactive electrodes.

When lasts generation, oxygen simultaneously with nitrogen flows from the side electrode 34 oxidizer to the side of the fuel electrode 67, due to which oxygen is moving to the side of the fuel electrode 67. Also, water formed in the reaction of the generation, is present on the side electrode 34 oxidant. In addition, the gas diffusion layer 4 or separator (not shown in Fig.), that is, the items included in the channel of the gas flow in the fuel element or elements to hold the catalyst mainly include carbon. The following reactions in the field (the area In figure 4), where the hydrogen is served poorly:

Equation 1

Side of the fuel electrode 67: 2 +4H + +4E - →2H 2 O

Side electrode 34 oxidant:+2N 2 OF→WITH 2 +4H + +4E -

According to Equation 1, the carbon in the structure of fuel element reacts with water formed on the side electrode 34 oxidant, in consequence of which is generated carbon dioxide on the side electrode 34 oxidant. This means that the structure of the fuel cell is destroyed. Carbon is included in each element of the forming channel flow, structure, carrying catalyst, causing the reaction, the structure of the gas diffusion layer 4 and structure of the separator is converted to carbon dioxide, which leads to a deterioration of the fuel cell.

In addition, the following processes are also visible on the fuel electrode 67. The phenomenon of back diffusion driven by water reaction generation from the side electrode 34 oxidizer in solid polymer electrolyte fuel membrane 2, or condensed water in hydrogen, which humidify and serves as may be the case, remains in the channel flow. In the case when the liquid water in the form of droplets of water is present in the channel of the gas flow, you do not experience significant problems. However, where liquid water is widely distributed in the form of the membrane covering the channel of the gas flow by gas diffusion layer 7, liquid water prevents the filing of hydrogen to the reaction surface, forming thus a part of the low concentration of hydrogen. This can lead to a deterioration of a fuel element is similar to the above case-by-side electrode 34 oxidant.

Trouble caused by liquid water in the channel of the gas flow, usually recognized, and is the way of liquid water. However, without liquid water fuel cell is deteriorating. That is, the phenomenon of degradation of the fuel cell (the catalyst) is called the disadvantage of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67, and therefore it is important to eliminate the occurrence of such parts with the lack of hydrogen (for example, part of a bulk concentration of approximately 5% or less). The reason of decrease in the concentration of hydrogen in the gas side of the fuel electrode 67 is that the nitrogen contained in Gaza on the side electrode 34 oxidant, penetrates to the side of the fuel electrode 67. Therefore, you must receive adequate amount of permeability of nitrogen. Therefore, the first value of the permeability of nitrogen (the amount of nitrogen leakage into the solid membrane) per unit of time relative to each of the physical quantities (partial pressure of nitrogen, temperature and humidity) are checked with the help of experiments or simulations, the results of which are shown in figure 5 and 6.

Figure 3 is a descriptive picture schematically showing the state of the shaking of hydrogen with gas (mainly nitrogen). As a method of execution mixing by the current forced convection, for example, hydrogen pressure side of the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel cells do is lower than the pressure of hydrogen supply, thus causing a specified pressure difference between the internal displacement of unit 1 fuel elements and its external environment. Then a momentary relief from the specified pressure difference can instantly provide greater value filing (flow rate) of hydrogen in the current unit 1 fuel cells. In this case, as shown in figure 7(a), it becomes possible mixing between hydrogen and nitrogen. When there is turbulence, mixing effect, although this effect depends on the size of the channel of the gas flow in a fuel cell. Moreover, even in the case of laminar flow, as nitrogen is pushed in defining part 12, located downstream of unit 1 fuel elements in the hydrogen system, the gas in the fuel cell is replaced by hydrogen. In addition, as the pressure is decreasing all over the canal duct gas, hydrogen can be distributed throughout the oblast channel flow until the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 becomes equal to the inlet pressure.

To achieve a constant pressure difference can also be fed hydrogen in unit 1 fuel cells to generate energy, instantly causing a lot of pressure. However, for greater ease of obtaining the pressure difference, as shown in figure 7(b), the supply of hydrogen stop valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation close valve) at the moment of time T1, continuing the generation of unit 1 fuel cells. Then set the time interval to receive the specified pressure difference (p-p-pressure) Δ1 to ensure that the difference of the pressures. After receiving the specified pressure difference Δ1 (time T2) hydrogen served by the valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation valve opening). The large value of filing (flow rate) that instantly called, which can perform mixing. In addition, the repetition of the above profiles pressure changes (first profile pressure changes) with the period causes the operation to closing valve at time T3 and operation of opening the gate at time T4. The hydrogen can be submitted by a pulsed manner. The pressure difference Δ1 is, for example, in the range of 5 kPa to 8 kPa. Due to the characteristics of unit 1 fuel elements, characteristics shaking gas and the like, experiments and modeling can set the optimal value of the pressure difference Δ1. The pressure difference Δ1 necessary for mixing of gas, set less than the difference between the pressure required for the discussed following release of liquid water.

The above shaking gas can eliminate the appearance of parts with the lack of hydrogen. However, in the case of continuous generation for a long time formed water or condensed water accumulates, blocking, thus, the channel of the gas flow the fuel electrode 67 in a fuel cell. Then, according to this first version of the implementation, hydrogen, current in the fuel electrode 67, produces liquid water, which is blocking the channel of the gas flow from the fuel cell.

Fig.8 is a descriptive picture that shows the status of the release of liquid water. As a way of fulfilling the release of liquid water through the supply of hydrogen, for example, hydrogen pressure side of the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel elements make less than the pressure of hydrogen supply, thus causing a given difference in pressure between the inner space of unit 1 fuel elements and its external environment. Then a momentary relief from the specified pressure difference can instantly provide greater value filing (flow rate) fuel gas, which flows in block 1 of the fuel cell. In this case, as shown in Fig.8(a), liquid water may be produced from the channel flow.

Pressure difference, necessary for release of liquid water must be greater than the difference between the pressure required for the above shaking gas. Meanwhile, the frequency required for release of liquid water, lower than the frequency required for shaking gas. Then, as shown in Fig.8(b), multiple profiles pressure changes for shaking gas perform at time Tm, the supply of hydrogen stop valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation closing of the valve). Then set the time interval to receive the specified pressure difference (p-p-pressure) Δ2, thereby ensuring that the differential pressure. After receiving pressure difference Δ2 (time Tn) hydrogen served by the valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation valve opening). When this occurs instantly large flow rate can thus be liquid water. The above profile changes pressure (the second profile pressure changes) periodically repeat like the first profile pressure changes required for shaking gas. However, compared to the first profile pressure changes required for shaking gas, the second, the profile changes pressure required for release of liquid water has a lower frequency performance. The pressure difference Δ2 is, for example, between 20 kPa and 30 kPa. Due to the characteristics of unit 1 fuel elements, characteristics release of liquid water and the like, experiments and modeling can set the optimal value of the pressure difference Δ2. The pressure difference Δ2, necessary for release of liquid water, establish greater than the difference of pressures Δ1 required for the above shaking gas.

In addition, as shown in Fig.8(C)to perform many of the profiles of pressure changes required for shaking gas, and then, at time Tm, the supply of hydrogen stop valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation closing of the valve). Then set the time interval to receive the specified pressure difference (p-p-pressure) Δ1, thereby ensuring that the differential pressure. After receiving pressure difference Δ1 (time Tn), the opening of the gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen make more than at time Tm, thereby giving hydrogen (operation valve opening). The gas pressure higher than the pressure at time Tm, thus causing a given difference in pressure (p-p-pressure) Δ2 (point in time). Then, in a moment of time Tr, supply of hydrogen stop valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation closing of the valve). Then set the time interval to receive the specified pressure difference (p-p-pressure) Δ2, thereby ensuring that the differential pressure. After receiving pressure difference Δ2 (time Tq), hydrogen is served by the valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation valve opening). At this time, preferably, if hydrogen is served with the same degree of opening, as at time Tm. Then, at time Tr, pressure returns to the same pressure as at time Tm. After the time Tr doing the same profile changes of pressure, as the Tm. Even in the case of the above-described operations large flow rate instantly called, so that there may be liquid water.

In addition, as shown in Fig.8(d)to perform many of the profiles of pressure changes required for shaking gas, and then, at time Tm, the supply of hydrogen stop valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation closing of the valve). Then set the time interval to receive the pressure difference greater than the specified pressure difference (p-p-pressure) Δ1. When it turns out the pressure difference greater than the pressure difference Δ1 (time Tn), the opening of the gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen make more than at time Tm, thereby giving hydrogen (operation valve opening). Thus, the gas pressure higher than the pressure at time Tm, thus causing a given difference in pressure (p-p-pressure) Δ2 (point in time). Then, in a moment of time Tr, supply of hydrogen stop valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation closing of the valve). Then set the time interval to receive the specified pressure difference (p-p-pressure) Δ3, thereby ensuring that the differential pressure. Here is preferable, if the lower limit of pressure upon receipt of the pressure difference Δ3 set at the lower limit of pressure upon receipt of the pressure difference Δ1. Then, after receipt of the pressure difference Δ3 (time Tq), hydrogen is served by the valve 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen (operation valve opening). At this time, preferably, if hydrogen is served with the same degree of opening, as at time Tm. Then, at time Tr, pressure returns to the same pressure as at time Tm. After the time Tr doing the same profile changes of pressure, as the Tm. Even when perform these operations, high speed flow instantly called, thereby keeping the production of liquid water.

With the above structure, the first profile changes of pressure, with a small scale pressure, is used in addition to the second profile pressure changes, providing the possibility of shaking gas the fuel electrode 67 without application of large stresses to the individual fuel block element 1 of the fuel cell. When this gas is the fuel electrode 67 can be made uniform. Thus the deterioration of unit 1 fuel elements attributed to partial decrease of the concentration of hydrogen, may be prevented. In addition, ensuring the second profile to changes in pressure can produce liquid water, and the like, which cannot be released with the first profile changes in pressure. Can be prevented deterioration of unit 1 fuel elements attributed to liquid water.

Besides, the system is 100 fuel cell of the first variant of the implementation uses a closed system, which is limited to the exhaust gas fuel electrode and produced from the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel cells. With the above structure of impurities probably reduce the concentration of the hydrogen gas flow in the channel side of the fuel electrode 67. However, the implementation of the above control may make gas the fuel electrode 67 homogeneous.

In addition, according to the first version of the implementation of the controller 40 performs a second profile changes pressure after the execution of the many first profiles pressure changes. With the above structure of the frequency of application of large stresses to the individual item block 1 fuel cells may be lowered when combined perform shaking gas and release of liquid water on the side of the fuel electrode 67. In addition, as the frequency of execution of the first profile pressure changes, which carries out the agitation of the gas is high, shaking out of gas could be effectively met, even when the generation is performed continuously. In this case, as shown in figure 9, even when the generation is performed continuously, the current value of the surface energy generation is essentially the same, and can thus prevented the fall of the current at output side of the channel of the gas flow and the current density on the input side of the channel flow.

In addition, according to the first version of the implementation of the controller 40 will stop the flow of hydrogen in block 1 of the fuel elements in the state when generating unit 1 fuel elements is done by hydrogen supply at the specified working pressure, moreover, in the condition, when the pressure of hydrogen fuel electrode 67 reduced by a specified scope pressure (Δ1, Δ2), the controller 40 re-enters the supply of hydrogen, thereby changing the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67. With the above structure, valve 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen can easily make the change in pressure, so that may be realized by a simple control system.

Besides, the system is 100 fuel cell, first of all variants of this channel L2 duct of exhaust gas fuel electrode, containing part 12 and blow-off valve 14. In this case, which comprises part 12 functions as the seat (capacity Rs: is described below on fig.20) for the storage of waste gas fuel electrode from the fuel electrode 67, i.e. nitrogen or liquid water. Thus, although the system is 100 fuel cell is essentially a closed character, opening the purge valve 14 as necessary may also issue impurities (such as nitrogen, which is relatively growing) outward. That is, nitrogen leakage is called to remove the difference of the partial pressure of nitrogen. However, when the concentration of hydrogen is necessary to preserve the value of greater or equal to the specified value on the side of the fuel electrode 67, flow rate corresponding to the magnitude of leakage shall be released to the outside. The flow value in this case is small enough, and, thus, unlikely to occur influence on the change of pressure, necessary for shaking gas in the fuel electrode 67, and, additionally, dilution off gas electrode 34 oxidant can be accomplished easily. However, the total pressure side of the fuel electrode 67 may increase, so that may be the generation, even when the partial pressure of nitrogen comes to equilibrium. In this case, may be adopted by a simple closed system.

In addition, when you stop supply of hydrogen, the speed with which reduces the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67, is determined by the capacity of the flow channel in block 1 of the fuel cell. When a rapid reduction of pressure is undesirable because of the requirements related to the control system 100 fuel cell, capacitance change of the flow channel L1 supply of hydrogen in unit 1 fuel cells or capacity of the host part 12 of the flow channel L2 waste gas fuel electrode can adjust the time of the change of pressure.

The second variant of the invention, the

Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the way of the control system 100 fuel cell according to the second variant of the implementation of the present invention, more specifically, showing the working procedures of method for hydrogen fuel electrode 67. Controller 40 performs the processes shown in the block diagram.

First, at the stage 1 (S1) controller determines the working conditions of unit 1 fuel cells. Working conditions determined in this phase 1 include workload unit 1 fuel elements, the operating temperature of the unit 1 fuel elements and the operating pressure of unit 1 fuel elements (pressure electrode 34 oxidant). As from outside the vehicle the required power is determined by the speed of the vehicle or acceleration at the initial stage, the required power devices and the like can be calculated workload unit 1 fuel cells. In addition, the operating temperature of the unit 1 fuel elements can be determined using the sensor 43 temperature. With regard to the working pressure of unit 1 fuel elements defined standard value regardless of the workload is determined in advance, or adjustable values respectively workload are pre-installed. Therefore, can be defined working pressure of unit 1 fuel elements on the basis of these values.

In phase 2 (S2) controller 40 determines changes to working conditions, defined in this point in time, with respect to working conditions, were found previously. When this definition is positive, that is, where the working conditions have changed, the program proceeds to the next stage 3 (S3). Meanwhile, when the definition of phase 2 is negative, that is, where the working conditions have not changed, the program skips step 3, thereby turning to stage 4 (S4).

Phase 3 controller 40 sets the profile of the pressure changes on the basis of working conditions. As described under the first scenario the implementation, controller 40 performs many of the first profiles pressure changes required for shaking gas, and then performs a second profile pressure changes, required for the issue of liquid water. Repeating the first and second profiles pressure changes as a single set, the controller 40 performs the supply of hydrogen. Thus, when submitting, including the change in pressure, the amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode 67 respectively pressure changes, changes pulsating way, investing, thus, the repeated load the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2, which act as voltage. Then, in the place where the transverse leak from the electrode 34 oxidizer is a small, preferably when the number of hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode 67 corresponding to the above, the change in pressure, is a small, thereby reducing the load attached to a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2. Meanwhile, in the place where the transverse leak large, preferably definitely perform the change in pressure, pulsating by changing the amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode 67 respectively to change of pressure, thus implementing, shaking out of gas and liquid water.

Typically, the smaller workload unit 1 fuel elements, the lower the operating temperature of the unit 1 fuel elements, and the lower the operating pressure of unit 1 fuel elements (more specifically, the working pressure of the electrode 34 oxidant); the smaller the transverse nitrogen leakage. Then, when the working conditions have changed accordingly any of these cases, the amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode 67 changing the pressure decreases. Conversely, the more workload unit 1 fuel elements, the higher the operating temperature of the unit 1 fuel elements, and the higher working pressure of unit 1 fuel elements (more specifically, the working pressure of the electrode 34 oxidant); greater is the value of the transverse nitrogen leakage. Then, when the working conditions have changed accordingly any of these cases, increases the amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode 67 changing pressure.

To install a small amount of hydrogen is supplied to the fuel electrode 67 changing pressure, basic control profiles should be modified as follows.

As the first control method, as shown in figure 11, the closing time T gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen establish more than the time of closing of valve basic verification profile. In other words, a basic checklist profile should be modified so that the runtime changes pressure establish anymore.

As a second control method, as shown in fig.12, pressure difference (p-p-pressure) Δ11, Δ21 profile control pressure set less than the difference of the pressure (p-p-pressure) Δ1, Δ2 profile pressure control baseline control profile.

As the third control method, as shown in fig.13, the frequency of execution of the second profile pressure changes (required for release of liquid water) relative to the first profile pressure changes (required for shaking gas) is reduced in comparison with the frequency of performance of the second profile changes pressure basic verification profile.

In contrast, in the case of establishing a large amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode 67 respectively pressure changes, each of the methods of control from the first to the third should be regulated in the opposite direction.

Accordingly changed the work environment, the controller 40 modifies the basic control profile on the basis of any means of control from the first to the third or their combinations. The controller then 40 sets this modification of the control profile as the current control profile.

In step 4 controller 40 performs the supply of hydrogen on the basis of the control of the profile that is installed currently.

At stage 5 (S5) controller 40 determines whether the system's work 100 fuel cell. More specifically, the controller 40 determine whether there is a shut-off signal input from the ignition switch. When this definition is positive in step 5, i.e. when the system work 100 fuel cell should be complete, current control ends. Meanwhile, when this definition is negative in step 5, i.e. when the system work 100 fuel cell should not finished, the program returns to the processes in step 1.

As described above according to the second variant of implementation for the system of 100 fuel cell, the hydrogen supplied to the fuel electrode 67 respectively pressure change, establish a small based on the system conditions 100 fuel cell. With the above structure, although the agitation of the gas and liquid water fuel electrode 67 running, you can reduce repetitive load on individual fuel cell unit 1 fuel cells.

The third variant of the invention, the

The following information describes the system 100 fuel cell according to the third variant of the implementation of the present invention. The structure of the system 100 fuel cell according to the third variant of implementation similar to the structure according to the first and second variants of implementation, and repeated explanations are omitted, and differences, mainly, are described below.

Controller 40 manages 100 fuel cell as follows. Controller 40 delivers air and hydrogen in unit 1 fuel cells, thus doing the generation with the help of unit 1 fuel cells. In this case the controller 40 delivers air and hydrogen so that the pressure of each of air and hydrogen, which are served in unit 1 fuel elements, becomes the specified working pressure. This working pressure establish, for example, as a certain standard amount, regardless of the capacity generated by unit 1 fuel cells, or set a value, the variable accordingly capacity generated by unit 1 fuel cells.

According to the third variant of implementation, with regard to the supply air to the electrode 34 oxidant controller 40 performs pressure control respectively specified operating pressure. Meanwhile, with regard to the supply of hydrogen fuel electrode 67, controller 40 controls the flow-stop hydrogen respectively control profiles for the implementation of the growth-pressure drop in the range between the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of pressure P2. Then, the controller 40 repeats respectively a reference to the profile shown in figure 14, the supply of hydrogen fuel electrode 67, periodically changing the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel cells.

More specifically, when the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 reaches the upper limit pressure P1 and the hydrogen concentration is sufficient for the execution of generation, supported on the fuel electrode 67, controller 40 regulates the valve 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen at a minimal degree of opening, stopping the flow of hydrogen in block 1 of the fuel cell. As of unit 1 fuel elements through the device of 30 selection of output power controller 40 continues to take the load current, corresponding to the load, the system requires 100 fuel cell, hydrogen is consumed by the reaction of the generation, reducing the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67.

The upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 respectively established on the basis of, for example, the specified working pressure. You can continuously monitor the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel elements, referring to the values determined by the sensor 41-pressure hydrogen. In addition, to increase pressure preferably when the hydrogen pressure on the side of upstream from the gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen set high enough in advance to increase growth rate pressure as possible. For example, the period of increased pressure from the lower limit of the pressure P2 to the upper limit of the pressure P1 set in the range from 0.1 seconds to approximately 0.5 sec. Meanwhile, the time interval from the upper limit of the pressure P1 to the lower limit of pressure P2 is in the range from 1 sec to about 10 seconds, but the specified time depends on the upper limit of the pressure P1, the lower limit of the pressure P2 and current value, selected from unit 1 fuel elements, i.e. the speed of spending hydrogen.

When controlling the supply of hydrogen, which includes the specified periodic growth-pressure drop, as one of the signs of the third variant of implementation, the first time saving TP1 and the second time to save TP2 to maintain the pressure on the fuel electrode 67 respectively, while the upper limit pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 can be set in the control profile. Controller 40 can be set the first time the conservation of TP1 and the second time to save TP2 in the range from zero to a predetermined value.

As shown in fig.15, the first time saving TP1 is a time for keeping the pressure on the fuel electrode 67, with an upper limit pressure P1, before the first process of reducing the pressure on the fuel electrode 67 of the upper limit of pressure P1 to the lower limit of pressure P2. More specifically, in the condition, when the pressure on the fuel electrode 67 decreased to the lower limit of the pressure controller 40 regulates the opening Ot gate 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen to the maximum degree of opening O1, re-starting the pressure in the unit 1 fuel cells, thereby increasing pressure on the fuel electrode 67. In the condition when the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 reaches the upper limit pressure P1, controller 40 reduces the degree of opening Ot gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen from the maximum degree of opening O1 up to the set degree of opening, thereby maintaining the pressure on the fuel electrode 67, with an upper limit pressure P1. Then, in the condition, when the first time saving TP1 expire from the moment at which the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 reaches the upper limit of the pressure controller 40 regulates the opening Ot gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen at a minimal degree of opening O2, thus stopping the flow of hydrogen in unit 1 fuel electrodes.

In contrast to the above, as shown in fig.16, the second time maintaining the TP2 is a time to keep the pressure on the fuel electrode 67 at lower limit pressure P2 before execution of the second process of increasing the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 from the lower limit of the pressure P2 to the upper limit of the pressure P1. More specifically, in the condition, when the pressure on the fuel electrode 67 reaches the upper limit pressure P1, controller 40 regulates the opening Ot gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen at a minimal degree of opening O2, stopping the pressure in the unit 1 fuel cells. In the condition when the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 is reduced to the lower limit of the pressure P2, controller 40 increases the degree of opening Ot gate 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen from a minimum degree of opening O2 up to the set degree of opening, thereby maintaining the pressure on the fuel electrode 67 at lower limit pressure P2. Then, in a state where the second time saving TP2 expired from the moment at which the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 reaches the lower limit of the pressure controller 40 regulates the opening Ot gate 11 adjusting the pressure hydrogen to the maximum degree of opening O1, thereby re-starting the supply of hydrogen in block 1 electrodes of fuel, increasing the pressure on the fuel electrode 67.

Fig.17 represents explaining the image displaying a load corresponding to each of the first time saving TP1 and the second time to save TP2. For example, in the case of low load (e.g. selection of the load current is approximately 1/3 of rated load current) as the field of system operation 100 fuel cell, each of the first time saving TP1 and the second time to save TP2 set to zero. Then, in the case of the intermediate load (e.g. selection of the load current of more than approximately 1/3 to less than approximately 2/3 of the project load current) first time saving TP1 set to zero, whereas the second time saving TP2 increase with increasing load from scratch as a starting point. In addition, in case of high load (e.g. selection of the load current is greater than or equal approximately 2/3 of the project load current) first time saving TP1 increase with increasing load from scratch as a starting point, whereas the second time saving TP2 establish permanent. Thus, the controller 40 can define the first time saving TP1 and the second time to save TP2 respectively as of load. In other words, respectively load controller 40 can choose whether to keep pressure on the fuel electrode 67, with an upper limit pressure P1 or at lower limit pressure P2.

As described above, according to the third variant of implementation, as shown in fig.17 when the required burden is high (load current)controller 40 increases the magnitude of the supply of hydrogen in the period of fulfillment of one control profile compared with when the required load is low (load current is small). In this work area, as high load, the value of the supply of hydrogen is likely to be large. Therefore, to ensure the supply of hydrogen can be increased by a number of performances growth-pressure drop corresponding to one control profile. However, according to the third variant of the implementation of the magnitude of the supply of hydrogen in the period of fulfillment of one control profile increases, thus increasing the number of performances growth-pressure drop in unit time can still be mitigated. In this case, the voltage applied to the unit 1 fuel cells or associated with hydrogen components can be removed, so that it can be prevented deterioration of 100 fuel cell.

In addition, according to the third variant of implementation, as shown in fig.16, the first time saving TP1 to keep the pressure on the fuel electrode 67, with an upper limit pressure P1 before the first process and the second time to save TP2 to keep the pressure on the fuel electrode 67 at lower limit pressure P2 to the implementation of the second process can be installed in the control profile. The higher the required load, the longer the controller 40 sets the first time saving TP1 or second time maintaining the TP2. When the load demand is high, the value of the hydrogen consumption increases, thereby increasing the rate of decrease of pressure in the first trial. However, according to the third variant of implementation, the greater the required load, the longer establish the first time saving TP1 or second time maintaining the TP2. The period from the time at which the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 reaches the upper limit pressure P1, before the time at which the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 returned from the lower limit of the pressure P2 to the upper limit of the pressure P1 can be set longer. That is, setting a long first time saving TP1 and the second time to save TP2 can extend the period of execution of one control profile, thus preventing the increase in the number of performances growth-the fall of pressure in a unit of time. In this case, the voltage applied to the unit 1 fuel cells or associated with hydrogen components can be removed, thus preventing the deterioration of 100 fuel cell.

In particular, preferably, when, the higher the required load, the longer the controller 40 sets the first time saving TP1. When the required load increases, it is difficult to ensure the partial pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67. Therefore, the establishment of a long first time saving TP1 for the upper limit pressure P1 can cause effect that the partial pressure of hydrogen can be attained even when the load demand is high.

In addition, as shown in fig.18, the partial pressure of hydrogen can be provided as follows: the higher the concentration of impurities, such as the concentration of nitrogen in the fuel electrode 67 (namely, immediately after system startup 100 fuel cell), the longer establish the first time saving TP1 to save the upper limit pressure P1. In this case, the longer is the time to re-start the system 100 fuel cell after the stop, the higher the concentration of inactive gas in the fuel electrode 67. So the first time saving TP1 to save the upper limit pressure P1 can be done variables by measuring the period of shutdown 100 fuel elements or by measuring the concentration of nitrogen in the fuel electrode 67 when the system starts, 100 fuel cell.

In addition, the system 100 fuel cell, which uses idle (or low speed), which at low load and similar temporarily stops the generation of unit 1 fuel cells and allows movement through the secondary battery power, the concentration of nitrogen in the fuel electrode 67 is high, even after the return of idling (or small of course). Then, also in this case, the first time saving TP1 can be set long.

The fourth variant of the invention, the

The following information describes the system 100 fuel cell according to the fourth draft of the implementation of the present invention. The structure of the system 100 fuel cell according to the fourth draft of the implementation similar to the structure in accordance with the variants of the implementation from the first to the third, so repeated explanations will be omitted. According to the fourth draft of the implementation describes how to set the upper limit pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2.

The first way to install

As for the first installation method, the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 can be set accordingly load current. Based on the vehicle speed, intensity accelerating driver and information about the secondary battery controller 40 identifies the target power generating unit 1 fuel elements as required load for the system of 100 fuel cell. Based on the target power generation controller 40 calculates the load current of which is the current value taken from unit 1 fuel cells.

Fig.19 is a descriptive image indicates the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 relative to the current load Ct. Working pressure Psa for the filing of a reactive gas necessary for the selection of load current Ct of unit 1 fuel cell can be determined by experiments or simulations due to the characteristics of the system 100 fuel cell, such as unit 1 fuel cells, hydrogen system, air system and the like. Cr fig.19 denotes the design load current Cr (as well as on fig.20(b)).

To supply air to the electrode 34 oxidant working pressure Psa set as the target operating pressure.

In contrast, for the supply of hydrogen fuel electrode 67 upper limit pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 respectively established on the basis of working pressure Psa. The upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 establish so that than higher is the current load of Cr, the greater the pressure difference between the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of pressure P2, that is, the greater the extent of pressure changes in the operation of the gas supply.

With the above structure, the higher the required load, the more can be increased value of the supply of hydrogen in the period of execution of one control profile. While this may be prevented by increasing the number of performances growth-vigil of pressure in a unit of time. This may prevented the deterioration of 100 fuel cell.

The second way to install

As the second installation method, the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 can be set, because of security reasons generating unit 1 fuel cells. In the case of low load, that is, when the load current is small, the difference in pressure between the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of pressure P2 set so it was relatively small, for example, approximately 50 kPa. In this case, the average concentration of hydrogen in the individual fuel cell is approximately 40%. In contrast, in the case of high load, that is, when the load current is great pressure on each of the parties electrode 34 of the oxidant and fuel parties electrode 67 should, in General, increase as the increase of gas pressure can increase the efficiency of generation. In addition, the difference in pressure between the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of pressure P2 set on approximately 100 kPa. In this case, the ad unit 1 fuel elements working at a mean concentration of hydrogen approximately 75% in individual cells.

Fig.20(a) and 20(b) are illustrative images, schematically showing the capacity of the Rs side of the fuel electrode 67 and capacity Rt enclosing part 12 in block 1 of the fuel cell. For example, in the case where the upper limit of the pressure P1 is set to 200 kPa (absolute pressure)and the lower limit pressure P2 is set to 150 kPa (absolute pressure), the pressure P1/P2 between the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of pressure P2 is about 1,33. In this case, as shown in fig.20(a), pressure, increasing from the lower limit of the pressure P1 up to the upper pressure P2, makes it possible influx of additional hydrogen to approximately 1/4 capacity (more specifically, the capacity of unit 1 fuel elements and the capacity of the host part 12) fuel system (=hydrogen system), i.e. up to 50% of unit 1 fuel elements (hereinafter, this state is expressed as the ratio of exchange of the hydrogen 0,5 (see fig.20(b)).

In the case of low load speed hydrogen consumption is low, so that the ratio of exchange of the hydrogen order specified level can perform generating unit 1 fuel cells. In this area, for example, the concentration of hydrogen mean waste gas hydrogen electrode is approximately 40%. In contrast, in the case of high load ratio of pressures P1/P2 (for example, 2 or greater), in which all the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel elements is replaced by hydrogen is preferred, i.e. the ratio of exchange of the hydrogen preferably approximately 1. Although the concentration of hydrogen produced preferably supported low hydrogen concentration, the greater or equal to a specified value, is necessary for stable implementation generation (for example, about 75% or more, if necessary), as the speed of hydrogen consumption is high.

In the above cases to adjust the concentration of hydrogen vent valve 14 separates channel L2 duct of exhaust gas fuel electrode. With such a small amount of gas (flow rate) can continuously or periodically released from the purge valve 14, which does not preclude the filing of hydrogen corresponding to the periodic increase-pressure drop. As the gas (flow rate)and produced from the purge valve 14, is insignificant, and this gas is diluted exhaust the cathode (the off-gas) and then safely released from the system. Opening the purge valve 14 runs for the release of substances (nitrogen or steam) from the fuel electrode 67, but hydrogen is mixed in the fuel electrode 67. Therefore, preferably effectively releasing admixture by preventing the release of hydrogen.

Then, according to the fourth draft of the implementation, when filing a hydrogen vent valve 14 is installed in the open state, corresponding to the process pressure increases the hydrogen from the lower limit of the pressure P2 to the upper limit of the pressure P1 (the second process), opening the blowing valve 14 (the process of purging). More specifically, the controller 40 continuously monitors the pressure in the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel elements, and then sets the blowing valve 14 in the open state of the moment of time when continuously controlled pressure reaches the lower limit of the pressure P2; in addition, the controller 40 sets the blowing valve 14 in the closed status of the moment of time when continuously controlled pressure reaches the upper limit pressure P1 (basic control profile). When this gas with a low concentration of hydrogen popped in defining part 12 of unit 1 fuel cells, and then a gas with a low concentration of hydrogen is produced from the host part of the 12 using the purge valve 14 before a gas with a high concentration of hydrogen reaches the purge valve 14. Can be effectively released a lot of impurities.

However, the management of opening-closing of the purge valve 14 is not limited to these basic profile. Provided that the blow-off valve 14 installed in the open state, including, at least, the process of increasing pressure from the lower limit of the pressure P2 to the upper limit of the pressure P1 (the second process), the control of opening and closing the purge valve 14 is sufficient. Therefore, the time blowdown valve 14 closed state can also be changed at a moment in time that is later than the moment of time (hereinafter referred to as the "base time closing"), the pressure of hydrogen reaches the upper limit pressure P1. For example, in view of the speed of diffusion, the boundary between the high concentration of hydrogen and low concentration of hydrogen can be defined as a continuous surface for a short time. Then, with regard to unit 1 fuel elements and the host part of the 12 during the operation of hydrogen supply, the amount of time that the boundary surface (called the hydrogen front) to achieve and what position reaches the boundary surface, in advance determined by experiments or simulations. Then, while the boundary surface reaches the purge valve 14, time blowdown valve 14 closed state may stay longer than a basic point in time of closing.

In addition, there is no need to processing for each performance of a test profile, more specifically, for each process, the increase in pressure (the second process). For example, in a condition where the concentration of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67 reaches a value of less than or equal to a given threshold definition, blow-off valve 14 can be opened according to the subsequent process pressure increases.

In addition, because liquid water is also seen as a factor for violations reaction generation, liquid water can also be produced. However, compared to the presence of inactive gas, the time at which liquid water is affected is longer. Therefore it is preferable to perform manipulations with the release of liquid water once for the set of periodic operations growth-pressure drop or set time intervals instead of each periodic operation of growth-pressure drop. Enough, that liquid water is to be removed from the inside of unit 1 fuel cells. Therefore, production of liquid water of unit 1 fuel elements in defining part 12 should be considered. In this case, as it is necessary to increase the flow velocity, the pressure difference between the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of pressure P2 preferably of approximately 100 kPa.

Besides, from the point of view of the upper limit of pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2, the following additional options can be set in addition to the previously described way change the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 respectively the required load.

First, as the first secondary method, the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 can be set accordingly admissible pressure difference between the electrode 34 of the oxidant and fuel electrode 67 in a fuel cell.

In addition, as the second additional way, in the system of 100 fuel cell to perform processing for the release of inactive gas, accumulated on the fuel electrode 67, the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 may be limited so as to ensure a minimum pressure for reliable purging.

In addition, as the third supplementary way, the upper limit of the pressure P1 establish greater than the higher concentration of nitrogen (concentration of impurities) on the fuel electrode 67, and the lower limit pressure P2 set to a small value in a state where it is expected that the number of remaining liquid water and the quantity of liquid water generation fuel oxidizer 67 will be great. The big difference of pressures already achieved when it is determined that liquid water remains, thus allowing to reliably perform the release of liquid water.

In addition, as of the fourth supplementary way in the area where the amount of liquid water remaining in block 1 of the fuel cell, it is assumed large, as shown in fig.21, the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 is set to allow relative pressure (P1/P2) between the upper limit of the pressure P1 and the lower limit of pressure P2 be temporarily large (P1w/P2w). Scope pressure Δ2 (=P1w-P2w), necessary for release of liquid water in the fuel electrode 67, is greater than or equal than 100 kPa; and the scope of pressure Δ2 (=P1-P2) for the release of inactive gas in the fuel electrode 67 is, for example, greater than or equal to 50 kPa. As stated above, since two of the magnitude of pressure differ from each other, the upper limit of the pressure P1 and lower limit pressure P2 set as described above due to the release of liquid water.

In addition, when the state of generation can become unstable due to temporary increase of the current, selected from unit 1 fuel cells that occurs in this region, where the voltage of unit 1 fuel cells is reduced, or when the charge level of the secondary battery to save the selected current is high, can be used another way to increase the rate of fall of pressure instead of a way to increase bleed current.

As another way to increase the rate of fall of pressure, for example, should increase the flow rate of exhaust gas fuel electrode, produced from the purge valve 14. In addition, the speed, the pressure drop can grow by increasing the capacity of the fuel electrode 67. As a way to increase the capacity of the fuel electrode 67, the reference level of liquid water in the fuel electrode 67 reduce, thereby releasing liquid water in the fuel electrode 67.

Additionally, as a means of determining the number of remaining liquid water in the fuel electrode 67, can be considered a method of definition by the accumulation of load current, based on that sign, that the value of the generation of liquid water is essentially proportional to the load current. In addition, the number of remaining liquid water may be determined according to the time elapsed from the moment of the execution time of the release of liquid water earlier. Furthermore, by measuring the voltage of a fuel element, you can define, on the basis of the voltage of the fuel cell, which is abnormally decreased, the number of remaining liquid water is great. In addition, in determining the amount remaining liquid water temperature of cooling water for cooling unit 1 fuel cells can be used to adjust the number of remaining liquid water. The reason for this is that even when the load current is the same, the lower the temperature of the cooling water, the more the quantity of liquid water. Similarly, the number of pressure pulsations or the amount of air cathode can also adjust the number of remaining liquid water.

The fifth variant of the invention, the

Further describes a system of 100 fuel cell according to the fifth variant of the implementation of the present invention. According to the third variant of the implementation of the typical workflow execution generation respectively load current in block 1 of the fuel cell. Meanwhile, according to the fifth variant of the implementation of the described this process when starting and stopping the system 100 fuel cell. The structure of the system 100 fuel cell according to the fifth variant of implementation similar to the structure in accordance with the variants of the implementation from the first to the fourth, and repeated explanations omitted and describes mainly the differences.

The startup process

First describes the startup process 100 fuel cell. When, after stopping the system 100 fuel cell unit 1 fuel elements, the status remains as he is, instead of instant start gas with a low concentration of hydrogen fills the fuel electrode 67. In case of start of system 100 in the state gas with a low concentration of hydrogen to produce the fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel cells. Therefore, a gas with a high concentration of hydrogen must immediately submit tank 10 with given initial upper limit pressure, thereby increasing the gas pressure in the fuel electrode 67. In this case, the blow-off valve 14 also installed in the open state. Thus, can be accelerated passage of the hydrogen front, which represents the boundary surface between the gas with low concentrations of hydrogen and gas with high concentrations of hydrogen, and hydrogen front can also forced her way through the fuel electrode 67.

Then, before the time at which the hydrogen front reaches the purge valve 14, valve 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen and blow-off valve 14 set out in the closed state, thereby performing the generation and use of hydrogen, thus reducing the pressure of hydrogen in the fuel electrode 67. Then, when the pressure of hydrogen reaches the specified initial lower limit pressure, hydrogen pressure increases again until the specified initial upper limit to the pressure. Then repeat the procedure described growth-pressure drop until the concentration of hydrogen fuel electrode 67 unit 1 fuel cells do not reach the set average concentration of hydrogen.

Additionally, the actual vehicle, as may be the case, starts to move during a period when running the above initial process. In this case, can be used output power installed the secondary battery.

The process of stopping

Now describes how to stop system 100 fuel cell. As the opening scene after stopping the system 100 fuel cell is expected low temperature environment. In this case, when liquid water is present in block 1 of the fuel elements, the valve 11 adjusting the pressure of hydrogen valve 13 release of the water, blowing valve 14 and similar when the system stops 100 fuel cell cooled, and are unable to start the system 100 fuel cell. Therefore, you must perform the removal process liquid water when the system stops 100 fuel cell. First, the air must be submitted to the electrode 34 oxidant, performing generation in a state of low load. On the side of the fuel electrode 67 operations growth-drop the pressure necessary to perform per control profile, as in the third embodiment. In this case, for example, with an upper limit of pressure P1 200 kPa (absolute pressure) and lower limit pressure P2 101.3 kPa, sufficient quantities should be set in advance for release of liquid water from the fuel electrode 67. In addition, the number of retries operations growth-pressure drop sufficient for release of liquid water should find out in advance with the help of experiments or simulations. On the basis of such quantities should repeat a growth-pressure drop. On this generation ends.

Then, when the valve 13 issue of water prescribed in the open state, perform the release of liquid water of unit 1 fuel elements in defining part 12. Then use the energy that was obtained immediately before the operation of the issue, to perform a heating device such as a heater and after such transaction output, thereby warming the blowing valve 14 and valve 13 issue of water, drying released liquid water.

According to the fifth variant of implementation in the system 100 fuel cell process of stopping provides at the start of the process at the start of may issue of the admixture is more preferable than hydrogen.

Full content of the priority application JP 2008-298191 (21 November 2008) and JP 2008-302465 (dated 27 November 2008) incorporated here by reference to exclude translation errors or missing parts.

As described above, the contents of the present invention has been described on the basis of the implementation options. However, specialist in the art should be obvious that this invention is not limited to the described variants of implementation, and it may be different modifications and improvements.

Industrial applicability

According to the present invention, on the basis of first profile changes in pressure to perform pressure changes when the first span of pressure, fuel gas pressure on the fuel electrode is changing periodically, thereby allowing you to mix gas the fuel electrode. Gas is the fuel electrode may be uniform.

1. Fuel system element containing: fuel cell, made with the possibility of generating electricity through the implementation of the electrochemical reaction between the gas-oxidant applied to the electrode oxidizer and fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode system supply of fuel gas, made with the possibility of supply of fuel gas to the fuel electrode of a fuel cell; the device for selection of the output power, made with the possibility of selection of the output power from the fuel cell; and the controller, made with the possibility to control the device for selection of the output power to foreclose from the fuel cell power output corresponding to the required load, which is required for the system of the fuel cell, and management system for supply of fuel gas to supply fuel gas fuel electrode thus, to change the fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode with a specified range of pressure changes, the controller is designed with the possibility of installing the range of variation of pressure so that the range of change of pressure in the case when the requested load is large, exceeded the range of change of pressure in the case when the requested the load is low.

2. The system of claim 1 in which the controller is made with the possibility of installing the operating pressure of the fuel cell in such a way that the higher the required load, the greater is the working pressure.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, in which the controller is made with the possibility of setting an upper limit to the pressure of the lower and upper limit of fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode on the basis of a working pressure of the fuel cell and changes of fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode between the upper ultimate pressure and lower limiting pressure, and thus to change the fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode with a specified range of the pressure changes.

5. System of a fuel element, containing: a fuel element, made with the possibility of generating electricity through the implementation of the electrochemical reaction according to the load on the system of the fuel element between the gas-oxidant applied to the electrode oxidizer and fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode, and consumption of fuel gas in the fuel electrode; fuel gas system, which includes: - system for supply of fuel gas, made with the possibility of supply of fuel gas to the entrance of the fuel electrode of a fuel cell; - accommodating device located on the output side of the fuel electrode of a fuel cell; and - blow-off valve, located on the output side of the fuel electrode of a fuel cell; and the controller increase/decrease pressure, made with the possibility of increase of fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode under increasing load while running the system for supply of fuel gas to increase/decrease of fuel gas pressure in the fuel electrode with a specified range of increase/decrease of pressure at a given load, in case when the load is high, the controller increase/decrease the pressure sets great range increase/decrease the pressure compared to the case when the load is low.