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Detection method and apparatus. RU patent 2506631.

Detection method and apparatus. RU patent 2506631.
IPC classes for russian patent Detection method and apparatus. RU patent 2506631. (RU 2506631):

G06F7/58 - Random or pseudo-random number generators
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FIELD: physics, computer engineering.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed method and apparatus relate to electronic detectors which detect changes in ambient electromagnetic background. The main field of application is determining the emotional state of consciousness, entertainment and electronic games with interactive control, equipment for solutions in the field of decorative and designer works, for interior installations and lighting devices. The detection method is characterised by that an initial electric signal is emitted from a noise source which, through amplification and filtration, is converted to a random pulse sequence consisting of high- and low-level voltage pulses, which is converted to a sequence of numerical values; the numerical values from said sequence are sampled over a certain time interval and the detected signal is obtained by analysing the numerical values in the sample, wherein the sequence of numerical values is obtained by calculating over a given time interval the difference between duration of the high- and low-level voltage pulses of the random pulse sequence, and the detected signal is obtained by calculating the variance of numerical values in the sample. The apparatus comprises a noise signal source, three amplifiers, a microprocessor unit which calculates variance and analyses it, two frequency-dependent circuits and a LED indicator.

EFFECT: high sensitivity and reliability of detection.

6 cl, 1 dwg

 

The proposed method and apparatus relate to the field of electronic detectors for registration of change of the electromagnetic background environment. The main scope of application - definition of emotional States of consciousness, entertainment and electronic games with interactive controls, technical means for solutions in the field of decorative and design, interior design, lighting devices and lighting, as well as electronic devices for the detection of situations beyond the existing background.

Human impact on random processes is acknowledged by many researchers. In particular, the report Princeton laboratory for applied research of anomalous phenomena (PEAR), which is actively working in this direction since 1979, has convincingly shown that the effect of intentional exposure of the operator to a random process statistically trustworthy ( about 10-8 for 125 thousand tests), although insignificant in size ( about 0,2%). In the same report States that even the mere presence of the operator in the premises, where the operator does not attempt to influence the result, leads to a shift of the testimony, which is within the 95% confidence level.

In 2005 the company Psyleron, the recipient of the PEAR, the device is created REG-1 - the generator of random events, which produces random events, such coins, but instead heads or tails gives numerical values 1 or 0. Unlike random numbers, built-in PC software, REG-1 produces truly random events that fundamentally impossible to predict or completely described by a finite set of rules. The device showed a small but steady shift of average values at 0.2% in the normal distribution. The volume of the collected statistics allows to speak about the error in the determination of the effect. When this case was used in the simplest scheme of experiment, at which analyzed the only binary probability of presence or absence of a signal at the set time interval. In result it was found the existence of an effect directional changes in average in the distribution of random events. Conclusion: today we can speak about a certain efficiency of electronic detectors, working on the most primitive scheme, at the level of not less than 0.2%.

If you start introduction with applications, are in areas such as entertainment, toys or management), decorative and design of the project, or spheres, limited voluntary nature of the received signal, the only building on the results achieved, we can already count on a significant advantage.

For example, if you create a single element of the interior glow color display, led lighting/lighting or other item that changes its color, with a certain impact on it to be deliberate, or marker on a display screen electronic game will move in in advance or an intention side, or moving the toy will in turn given by the operator side and stop at a given moment - this gives you new that did not take place earlier properties and characteristics usual in the world of things.

Or, for example, if the device will warn about the necessity to check blood pressure, and a real threat to the critical state will have only 1 out of 100, then it will give more than a tangible result, because it's a threat to life. The acceptable risk level accepted in the different calculations, in civilized countries, begins with a size of 10 -6 -10 -5 , so the value of 10 -2 may already be more than impressive for instruments of this kind.

In [2, US Patent US 5830064, «the structure and way to distinguish between events, the total probability of exceeding expectations, and management of output on the basis of this distinction»] describes the principle of operation and the device is a portable electronic device capable of accurate register the intention of the operator expressed in the mental form, intended for use in computer games, moving toys and other managed objects, with a view to making them an extra control implemented without direct muscular contact the operator. This additional non-contact control significantly increases the user interest in electronic games and toys, and in some cases can replace a contact management on non-contact. Including, according to [2], this method can be used for detection of emotional States.

Way, together with the implementing its device, described in [2], based on the generation of a pulse sequence of random values, obtaining on its basis the numerical sequence and then a statistical analysis of the latter.

To obtain a sequence of random values is initially generated two sequences:

- random binary sequence of values (1)based on the source of the noise source and heartbeat, specify the duration of the values in time;

- pseudo-random binary sequence mask (2) (when its generation are also used heartbeats).

The first sequence of forth is inverted in accordance with the second (operation, the equivalent of the exclusive OR))], and the result is a binary random sequence values (3), which is subjected to statistical analysis.

In addition, to perform the statistical analysis of the obtained binary sequence (3) is compiled byte (integer) the sequence (4).

In the statistical analysis calculates the probability characteristics of a random sequence of values of the mathematical expectation and variance, which is then compared with a threshold showing a loss of a chance for the preset limits. As a result of exceeding the threshold is detected event that reflects the state or the intention of the operator.

When compiling a multi-byte sequence, which generally occurs randomly, according to [2], it may cause some permanent displacement capable of adversely affect the result of the statistical analysis. Therefore, to reduce the influence of this factor and «include» additional randomness, you must perform the above-inverting.

Method and device described in [2], chosen as the prototype of the present invention.

Prototype implies the use of the generator of random signal with uniform characteristics of the distribution of power. Its authors insist on the factor of the «randomness» of the signal, meaning that it is evenly and gives the random process, the statistical characteristics of which are susceptible to external influences.

Some of the works shown that this type of signal is weaker sensitivity to external influences in comparison with the signal with the distribution of the coordinates of «power-frequency 1/f, i.e. the density increases in proportion to the reduction of frequency of [3, A.G. . «The low frequency noise is a universal detector weak interactions»].

The use of this type of signal to a much greater degree answer the posed task, rather than a signal used in the prototype.

In addition, a prototype includes a number of necessary actions that require a large number of electronic components for implementation. These include the clock generator pulses required to specify a specific duration of generated pulses, as well as additional sequence generator-masks superimposed on the sequence generated source, to exclude the effects of the displacement of the first order (which may be taken into account in the mathematical analysis by digital filtering). Together, these actions lead to the complication of the electronic circuit of a detector and a substantial increase in power consumption.

Inter alia, one of the forming factors in the task is the withdrawal of the visualization process detection. I.e. it is necessary to indicate the process, for example, to control the colors glow of a luminous element or positional position marker. Analysis of prototype shows that the solution of this problem is beyond its scope.

Given these shortcomings associated with the prototype, the essence of the task and the premise of the present invention, in comparison with the prototype is reduced to the following aspects:

a) increase the sensitivity and, as a consequence - increase of reliability of detection emotional States;

b) increase the efficiency, reduction of mass and size parameters when you create a portable and non-volatile devices detectors;

a) raising awareness at the visualization of process detection emotional conditions in real time.

Thus, the technical result of the invention will be to identify emotional States and their pictorial presentation to the user, with minimum delay, including:

- for the timely detection of situations of harm to others;

- detection of situations of favorable and desirable for the environment.

The subject of the invention is a method of detection and device for its implementation.

The proposed method of detecting consists of a sequence of operations, such prototype - generating electric signal, which is a sequence of values, converting the signal into a sequence of samples perceived decisive device, with subsequent mathematical treatment (analysis).

The problem is solved using the method of receiving signal emotional state based on the identification of States beyond the expected probability, based on generating random pulse signal from the source of the noise signal, convert it into a sequence of numeric values, signal generation emotional state by means of statistical analysis of a sequence of numeric values, distinguished by the fact that random pulse signal is produced by strengthening of the signal received from the source of noise, with simultaneous suppression of high-frequency components of the latter, a sequence of numeric values are obtained by the discrete samples from a random pulse signal, calculate the current value of the variance in the time window t a sequence of numeric values, and an emotional state receive as an offset variance by a certain amount.

The dependence of the distribution of the variance of the detector signal from the prevailing emotional background, indicating the areas of analysis to determine the displacement of the variance, is given in Annex 2 the histograms of the distribution obtained under different (opposite) emotional environments. Thus, to receive the signal of an emotional state, it is necessary to analyze the amount of displacement of the variance in the area («the area of slow decline» or «region»lift), in accordance with the histograms.

As a signal generator is used pulse generator that creates a sequence of pulses with variable duty, not having clearly defined duration at a particular time interval.

Generation of a signal is carried out in the following sequence, as shown in Fig. 1: from the source of the noise signal 1 (Zener diode, resistor generates an electrical signal, the signal is amplified, simultaneously exposed to low-pass filtering with specified frequency parameters, then re increases, turning into a sequence of pulses of high and low voltage level.

Sample random pulse signal is suggested in several different ways (options), which lead to equivalent results:

Variant of the method I: Sampling exercise by analogue-to-digital conversion, at which random pulse signal is converted into a digital sequence of samples X i , which is entered into the solver, for example, the microprocessor, and then the analysis of the received sequence by calculating the sample mean values of i (given a large interval of time T), the current expected M(X i ) (for a specified short time period t) and the current variance S 2 (X i ) (for a specified short period of time t).

Variant of the method II: Sampling is performed by measuring durations of high and low voltage levels random pulse signal, then the measured values are converted into a digital sequence of samples X i converted the readings are entered in a decisive device, after which the calculations of values of C i , M(X i ), as well as the variance S 2 (X i ) as described in section 1.

Variant of the method III: Sampling is performed by measuring the period or accidental frequency of the pulse signal on the given time interval.

Here it should be noted that all mentioned sampling differ from the prototype, which initially get the pulse sequence from which then receive a byte sequence of numbers with a given duration, then enter these numbers in bytes solver and calculate the mean and variance.

In that sense, for the implementation of the proposed method involves far fewer electronic components than in the prototype, and may apply widespread different types of microprocessors.

It should also be noted that for realization of a variant of method 1 sampling, you must perform the analog-to-digital conversion requires the appropriate Converter. This alternative method is most convenient for realization in fixed installations, where as a critical device, you can apply the available computer or laptop with an available analog-to-digital Converter (computer's sound card) for sampling.

The options method II and III are most suitable for the implementation of the method in the mobile miniature, without using any landline decisive device (PC or laptop). As a critical device is suitable simplest microprocessor, with input timer/counter. This solution sampling by means of the timer/counter makes implementation extremely cheap and compact, with minimum power consumption.

As another variant of implementation, visualization detection emotional States can also be made in the form of a moving marker (spots or marks on the screen of the monitor (display), the management of which is made on the basis of calculated statistical values.

This method is implemented in the device shown in Fig. 1, which is the subject of the invention, contains the source of the noise signal 1, having the power input and output, the first 2, 3 second and third 4 amplifiers, each of which has the power input, the first and the second inputs and output, the microprocessor block 5, having signal input, input power, acting in accordance with the designed software, carrying out the calculation of dispersion analysis, individual power source 6 with outlet other than the fact that the microprocessor block 5 additionally contains measuring input for the analysis of the supply voltage from the power source, the microprocessor block 5 additionally contains the first, second, third outputs for control led indicator 7, will also be hosting the first 8 and 9 second frequency-dependent feedback circuit, with the specified cutoff frequencies, each of which has input and output, the led indicator 7, with the first, second and third inputs, also different in that the first entrance of the first amplifier 2 is connected to the output of the source of the noise signal 1, the first entrance of the second amplifier 3 is connected to the output of the source of the noise signal 1, input the first frequency-dependent feedback circuit 8 is connected with the appearance of the first amplifier 2, and the first frequency-dependent feedback circuit 8 is connected with a second entrance of the first amplifier 2, entrance a second frequency-dependent feedback 9 is connected with the release of the second amplifier 3, and the output of the second frequency-dependent feedback 9 connected to the second input of the second amplifier 3, the first entrance of the third amplifier 4 is connected to the output of the first amplifier 2, the second input of the third amplifier 4 is connected to the output of the second amplifier 3, first, second and third inputs led 7 are connected respectively to the first, second and third outputs microprocessor unit 5, and the output of the source of Autonomous power supply 6 is connected to the measuring input microprocessor unit 5.

The described device can have a number of implementations. One of them is a portable device-toy. Functional diagram can be taken from Fig. 1.

The device consists of two interconnected heterogeneous parts. One part of the devices - analog circuit on operational amplifiers 2, 3, with chains feedback 8, 9, allowing to get a random pulse signal, with defined characteristics as described above, at the operational amplifier 4. The second microprocessor unit 5, which functions using a special software, which provides analysis of random pulse signal in accordance with the above mentioned means of obtaining a signal of an emotional state. Random pulse signal from the analog circuit, the output of the operational amplifier 4, served on a discrete entrance microprocessor unit 5, which fetches a given signal generates a sequence of numeric values calculates the current dispersion in the sequence and performs the analysis of its motion, after which generates a control signal 3-component led indicator 7, in accordance with the formula{1}, {2}, {3}, listed in Annex 1. For example, to get a busy signal emotional state, in accordance with bar, contained in Annex 2, Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B, is enough to determine the average, over time, the amount of displacement of the variance in the value pane, referred to as «the region of slow decline». To get a signal to the concentration of the consciousness (Fig. 3A, 3b) must, on the contrary, to the size of dispersion shifted in the opposite area is specified as «an area of recovery». The magnitude of the offset in the first case will be positive - i.e. towards large values of the average, in the second - negative - i.e. towards lower values. The duration of displacement in a particular area will talk about the power of the intensity of emotional influence.

The specified device can be implemented on a widespread and are commercially available budget integrated circuits of domestic and foreign production: operational amplifiers type AD8609 production of Analog Devices or similar, modern high-performance microprocessors MSP430, ARM9 Cortex and other Source of the noise signal 1 in this implementation represents a voltage divider with one arm on the semiconductor element, through which a small current flows the order of several tens of microamps voltage is applied to two identical operational amplifier 2, 3 with frequency-dependent feedback 8, 9, respectively. The received signals are subtracted from each other in the third operational amplifier 4, which output a pulse signal variable frequency mean frequency of which is determined by the cutoff frequencies of a feedback circuit of the first and second operational amplifiers. The resulting pulse signal arrives at the input of the microprocessor, where it is converted into a numeric sequence that is described above statistical processing with the receipt of the mathematical expectation and dispersion, which form the control signals LEDs reflect the detection currently emotional state as described above, representing light multicomponent signals with -width modulation (PWM). For some practical applications, for instance, achieve a state of concentration, it is advisable to use sounder 10 for sound indication detector signal. In this case signal emotional state is converted into audible tone, with high sound tones will correspond to positive displacement of the dispersion, and lower tones - negative offset.

Electronic diagram obtained with the use of these circuits, including microprocessor, consumes within 1 mA, battery 3V. When using common miniature lithium batteries capacity of 200...500 mA (type CR2032, CR2325) service life may be about 200...300 hours, that is, around 10...15 days of continuous operation.

Thus, the implementation of this method in the proposed device is a mobile technical means for the operational control of the emotional experience.

Sources of information

1. Report Princeton laboratory of applied research of anomalous phenomena of Consciousness and Anomalous Physical phenomena (1995). PEAR Technical Note 95004, May 1995.

2. Apparatus and method for distinguishing events which collectively exceed chance expectations and thereby controlling an output. Unated States Patent №5830064 of Nov.3, 1998.

3. A.G. . Audible noise - universal detector of weak influences. Parapsychology and Psychophysics. - 1992. - №5. - P.59-65.

1. A method of obtaining a signal emotional state based on the identification of States beyond the expected probability, based on generating random pulse signal from the source of the noise signal, convert it into a sequence of numeric values signal generation emotional state by means of statistical analysis of a sequence of numeric values, wherein the random pulse signal is produced by strengthening of the signal received from the source of noise, with simultaneous suppression of high-frequency components of the latter, a sequence of numeric values are obtained by the discrete samples from a random pulse signal, calculate the current value of the variance in the time window t a sequence of numeric values, and an emotional state receive as an offset of dispersion on a the value.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discrete random sample from the pulse signal is realized by means of analog-to-digital conversion

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discrete random sample from the pulse signal is performed by calculating the instantaneous frequency.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discrete random sample from the pulse signal is performed by measuring the period of the pulse.

 

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