Method to determine platinum-palladium and copper-nickel metallogenic trend of basite-ultrabasite laminated massif of archean crystalline shield. RU patent 2506613.
 Method to forecast earthquakes / 2506612Usage: invention relates to the field of seismology and is designed to study forecasting of earthquakes. Substance: surveys are carried out in the territory of a measurement polygon, for instance, urban agglomeration or a critical commercial facility, they determine M - magnitude, and t - time of earthquake by available monitoring surveys with equipment placed within the limits of the territory of the measurement polygon. Monitoring surveys on the measurement polygon are carried out with a network of seismology equipment from at least 4, preferably 10-14, three-component recorders of seismic oscillations, placed from each other at specified distances within the limits of the measurement polygon and simultaneously by equipment to monitor variation of water level in one hydrogeological well, besides, the water level in the hydrogeological well must react to lunisolar tides. Using seismic records from the source of seismic waves - distance earthquakes (at the distance of more than 2°), they establish magnitude of a future earthquake, and on the basis of reaction of a water-bearing horizon in the hydrogeological well to the effect of lunisolar tides they determine the time slot of the medium-term forecast, the start of short-term forecast, and determine the time of earthquake occurrence. The time of start of the time slot of the medium-term forecast is determined by the time t1 - start of stop of the reaction of water-bearing horizon to the effect of the lunisolar tide, and the time of start of the short-term forecast of the earthquake t2 is set on the basis of time of recovery of the reaction of the water-bearing horizon to the effect of the lunisolar tide. The moment of earthquake occurrence to relative to the time t1 is determined according to the dependence t0={[(t2-t1)+1]+(1+/-1)}, where time t0, t1 and t2 is defined in days. |
 System for determining water surface vibrations / 2503980System includes atmospheric pressure fluctuation receivers (microbarographs) 1.i (i= 1, 2, …, n), a comparator circuit 2, a notification system 3, a memory unit 4, first 5 and second 6 correlators, first 3.1 and second 3.2 analogue-to-number converters, first 3.3 and second 3.4 switches, a modulating code former 3.6, a master generator 3.6, a phase-shift keying device 3.7, a power amplifier 3.8, a transmitting antenna 3.0, multipliers 5.1 and 6.1, lowpass filters 5.2 and 6.2, optimal controllers 5.3 and 6.3, controlled delay lines 5.4 and 6.4. A control station 7 has a receiving antenna 7.1, a high-frequency amplifier 7.2, a heterodyne 7.3, a mixer 7.4, an intermediate frequency amplifier 7.5, first 7.6, second 7.7, third 7.11 and fourth 7.12 multipliers, first 7.8 and second 7.13 narrow bandpass filters, first 7.9 and second 7.14 lowpass filters, a recording and analysis unit 7.11, and first 7.15 and second 7.16 phase inverters. |
 Preparation method of structures perspective for prospecting and exploratory oil and gas drilling / 2502089Seismic measurements are carried out by means of a CDP method on the surface area perspective in oil-and-gas-bearing respect. Processing and structural interpretation of seismic data is performed, thus obtaining structural maps of target reflecting horizons. Based on structural maps, additional build-up of two-dimensional networks of target reflecting horizons is performed. As per the received two-dimensional networks of target reflecting horizons and using a trend analysis method, build-up of two-dimensional networks a regional component is performed for each reflecting horizon. A local component is calculated. For cells of the two-dimensional network of the local component the prepared structures are localised for each target reflecting horizon at simultaneous fulfilment of two conditions: first - when the local component is larger than zero, and second - when a zero contour is closed. A sum of local component is defined for all the target reflecting horizons. With that, the local structure is considered to have been prepared for all the target reflecting horizons when the value of sum of local component is larger than zero. For allocated localised structures for each reflecting horizon there calculated is local structure amplitude and local structure surface area. Priority of readiness degree of the structure prepared for prospecting and exploratory oil and gas drilling is determined as per the value of amplitude and surface area of local structure, and namely: the higher the above local structure values, the higher the perspective of prospecting and exploratory oil and gas drilling. |
 Method of hydrocarbon pool proceeding from principle of passive adsorption / 2499285Hydrocarbon gases are sorbed by means of nonexpendable sorbents-collectors in soil bores deep to at least 0.5 m. Note here that said sorbents-collectors at elevation of expected productive beds are located in dense grid with spacing of 250-400 m there between while, outside said elevations in loose grid, of 500-800 m. Samples are analysed to accuracy of 1 picogram to extract at least 150 hydrocarbons. Results of the analysis are compared with reference data. Said data is interpolated in algorithm of training and mapping system with the help of analysis of primary components, discriminate analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Adapted criteria are used to simulate deposit. |
 Method for short-term earthquake prediction / 2497158Optical density of the atmosphere is measured by a group of spaced apart photometers. Measurements are taken in spectral sections with wavelength 340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 1020 nm. The behaviour of change in difference of the weighted average wavelength of the current solar spectrum and a reference solar spectrum is determined. The place, time and magnitude of the possible seismic impact is determined based on the determined behaviour. |
 Apparatus for investigating gas release on ocean bottom / 2494421Apparatus has a bottom container (1) with research equipment, which is equipped with means for hydroacoustic communication (2), radio communication (3) and navigation. The container (1) with research equipment is connected to the vertex of a cone-shaped gas-proof flexible (film-type) casing (5), the lower edge of which is mounted on a ballast metal ring (6), having an asymmetry ballast weight (7). The vertex of the cone of the flexible casing (5) is connected to the container (1) by casing release (4). The casing release (4) has a sealable opening for allowing gas from the top part of the cone-shaped casing (5) into the container (1) during operation of the apparatus at the bottom, preventing entry of water into the container (1) during emergence thereof. |
 Method of evaluating potential of exploration area for detection of diamondiferous kimberlite bodies in diamondiferous areas / 2492511Fault map of a diamondiferous area is constructed based on a system of geologic, tectonophysical, geophysical, geomorphological and other data. The entire area of the diamondiferous area is broken into equal square sub-areas (windows). For each sub-area, a fractal dimension (D) and information entropy (S) are calculated using computer programs that are based on B. Mandelbrot and C. Shannon fundamental algorithms. The set of obtained calculation data is used to construct the distribution pattern of values of the fractal dimension and information entropy in isolines while marking all known diamond deposits thereon. Potential of the exploration area is evaluated by comparing data obtained on said areas with predicted reference values of D and S for said kimberlite area that are typical for known diamond deposits. Local areas similar to areas of known deposits are selected and delineated as prospective for detection of diamondiferous kimberlite bodies based on the reference values of D and S. |
 Investigation method of surface areas that are potentially perspective for root sources of diamonds / 2488854When investigating surface areas that are potentially perspective for root sources of diamonds, correspondence of results of the conducted investigations of surfaces areas to a set of criteria is established. Mineralogical criteria: available minor minerals of diamond - garnets, chrome-spinelides, chrome-diopsides of lherzolite and dunite-harpburgite paragenesis, minerals of eclogite paragenesis, ore minerals, glasses and spherules. Geochemical criteria - diatremes of Tuffisites are fixed with complex lithogeochemical abnormalies both of sidero-lithophylous group and chalcophylic group. Tectonic criteria - within the section there widely spread are elements of thrust and fault tectonics; significant number of diatremes is associated with places of their intersection. Geomorphological criteria - elements of modern relief correspond to elements of thrust and fault tectonics, thus forming intermountain depressions. Geophysical criteria - diatremes are located in surface areas of development of low-resistance zones, negative magnetic field and local abnormalies of gravity field. |
 Method for automatic monitoring and forecasting of tectonic processes with selection of place and time of action on earthquakes and volcanoes / 2488853Test ground is determined for monitoring of tectonic processes. Wells are drilled and cased with plastic pipes. Then, an open shaft is drilled, which is located below zone of intensive surface water exchange and below the depth of constancy of seasonal temperatures, mainly in a lithologically consistent mass of dense (crystalline) mined rocks on the test ground. A measuring device is installed into the open shaft and the well is filled with viscous clay mud the heat conductivity of which is equal to heat conductivity of mined rocks at the measurement interval. Besides, the device is capable of automatic measurement at the specified time pitch of temperature gradients, transmission of measurement data to a surface unit and then to the investigation centre. There calculated as function U(τ) in real time (τ) is dependence of parameter U=gradT/gradT0 as ratio of the measured temperature gradient and its value during periods that are aseismic for earthquakes or inactive for volcanoes. Trend of the function is processed and forecast using known methods and considering the measured action of the Moon, the Sun and dynamics of atmospheric pressure. Forecast values of the parameter are added to continuously updated maps of the test ground and conclusions on development of tectonic activity are made. As per the data for the well closely located to the occurring earthquake focus on the test ground there continuously analysed is dynamics of the first and the second derivatives of the function trend, and considering their maxima, a favourable moment of external artificial action is determined near the occurring focus. |
 Method of monitoring bulk stress condition of environment in earthquake-prone region / 2487375Invention can be used when monitoring the bulk stress condition of the environment in an earthquake-prone region and forecasting strong earthquakes. According to the disclosed solution, in addition to continuous monitoring of seismoacoustic emission at internal points of the environment, observations are made in frequency and spatially spread channels, and extensive air showers and muons are detected. Correlation of the time of arrival of extensive air showers and muons with the time of arrival of seismoacoustic emission signals is established and localisation of seismoacoustic emission sources is also determined. The bulk stress condition of the environment is determined from amplitude, spectra and repetition frequency of seismoacoustic emission signals in background mode and seismoacoustic emission signals induced by muons. The sign of an approaching earthquake is the behaviour of the amplitude and spectrum of seismoacoustic emission typical for a given region and increase in repetition frequency of seismoacoustic emission signals. |
 Method of inspection of water area at reconnaissance of sunken wood / 2244323Water area is divided into 625 squares by Latin square method. Sunken wood is inspected in 25 non-intersecting squares and results are valid for entire water area. Latin square takes outline of water area being inspected. |
 Method of predicting probability of earthquake / 2244324Specific linear cloud anomalies are selected according to the method. Program realizes algorithm of calculation of fractal dimensions of cloud formation image. Correspondence of shape of identified linear cloud anomaly is estimated relatively reference linear cloud anomaly. Cross-correlation function bandwidth of images of current and reference linear cloud anomalies has to be characteristic of center of earthquake to be traced. |
 Method of screening of abnormal areas of earth radiation / 2244325According to the method dolomite broken stones or granules of synthetic polymers are placed in abnormal areas. Sizes of dolomite broken stones and synthetic polymers varies depending on object to be protected. |
 Hydrocarbon pool prediction method / 2244326Invention relates to geochemical methods of predicting hydrocarbon pools and can be used for local oil and gas prediction on supposedly perspective areas. In conformity with claimed method, samples of subsoil deposits are taken according to profiles crossing area being examined, after which they are calcined to determine calcinations loss. Samples are additionally examined for Eh and pH values, and secondary mineral formation composition. Presence in the depth of non-productive, productive, and water-oil contact zone is judged of from combination of above obtained values in samples. Eh values (taking into consideration corresponding pH values) are marked on the map of subject area according to sampling sites and comparable Fh values are connected by isolines so enabling reveal of non-productive, productive, edge hydrocarbon pool zones, and water-oil contact zone. |
 Global system for determination of probability of forthcoming earthquake / 2247412According to the claimed invention, cloud-cover images of the Earth in the infra-red band by space aids are obtained. Linear cloud anomalies are separated out of them by target designations of the space aids. The reflected luminous flux above the linear cloud anomalies are registered by two reception channels mutually orthogonal in polarization. A synthesized image matrix is formed, and its numerical characteristics are computed. The probability of an earthquake is predicted by the estimated performances. |
| Lithochemical method of mineral resources deposits exploration activity / 2247413 The invention is dealt with the mineralogogeochemical methods of mineral resources deposits exploration activity and is intended for detection of sulphidic mineralization. The method provides, that on a terrain in compliance with the given network from a representative horizon they take samples of eluvial-de-eluvial deposits in the form of gravelly-sand fractions of 200-300 g weight. From a dried material of samples using a double screening by bolters with holes of 2.5-3.0 mm and 0.5-1.0 mm separate a faction of size of (2.5-3.0) + (0.5-1.0) mm, which is exposed to a mineralogical analysis on the contents of chips and a wreckage of chips of sulphidic minerals. Results of the analysis are assessed and on their base a decision is taken on availability of a deposit. The technical result is an increase of content of the elements - indicators in the samples taken within the limits of the deposit and outside it. |
 Method for monitoring of atmospheric pollution and system for its realization / 2248595In the process of monitoring of polluted atmosphere, observation of the sorption layers of the water surface adjoining the serviced area, temperature, saltiness of the water basin are performed. Claimed also is a system for monitoring of atmospheric pollution, including a monitoring center with means for plotting the charts of atmosphere pollution fields, connected with its input and output to the atmosphere purity monitoring posts and the means of meteorological support, computing means of the forecast of scenarios, complex of laboratory examinations of sorption layers, complex of remote monitoring of the water surface with means of recognition of sorption layers. |
 Method for estimation of ecological state of subterranean waters / 2253883Method includes drilling surveillance and/or prospecting hydraulic-geological wells. Natural hydraulic-geological, hydraulic-chemical data are gathered and analyzed, concerning technogenic objects. Maps are built. Hydraulic-chemical data are used to build additional maps of hydraulic-geochemical heterogeneousness points of waters for each water-bearing level and technogenic objects waters. Mutual synchronization of maps is performed. Pollution source is detected as well as migration routes of polluting substances by calculation value of relative entropy. Estimation of level of ecological state of underground waters is performed. |
 Method of predicting parameters of earthquake / 2254599Method can be used for monitoring of environment. According to the method images of seismic center can be received from two polarization mutually orthogonal receiving channels. Synthesized image array if formed from pixel-to-pixel relation of signal amplitudes in polarization channels. Area of relief of synthesized array is calculated in relation to geometrical area of photograph and changes in the relation are traced by means of set of photographs made. Parameters of earthquake are predicted from numerical characteristics of relation to be traced. |
 Method for predicting earthquake parameters / 2255356According to method, characteristics of magnetic H and electric E fields of surface-adjacent space are measured using separate sensors, mounted on spacecraft, at ascending and descending coils. Synthesized measurements matrix H×E is formed and dispersion ς2 of resulting vector R is calculated as well as its fractal dimension D. change of fractal dimension is tracked to series of measurements. Constant conditions of tracked process are determined, time constant T and final value D0. earthquake parameters are predicted as: strike time ts=4.7T, magnitude lg ty[day]≈0.54M-3.37, and hypothetical center as point of intersection of vectors of descending and ascending coils. |
FIELD: measurement equipment.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of complex determination of metallogenic trend of basite-ultrabasite laminated massifs of Archean crystalline shields and may be used for separate prediction and searching for industrial objects of platinum-metal and copper-nickel mining materials. Substance: relation is established between genesis of laminated massif with geodynamic environment of rifting. Samples are taken, analysed, and substantial and mineralogical composition of petrographical varieties of rocks along the cut of the massif. Sections of most contrastive composition of magmatic series lamination and borders are identified. Concentration of isotopes U, Pb, Sm, Nd is measured in minerals and rocks of analysed samples. Absolute ages of rock varieties are calculated, as well as total duration of formation of laminated massif and value of an isotope indicator of massif rocks. Produced data is compared with indicator values of ages and duration of formation of laminated massif, and also values of the isotope indicator. A conclusion is made on prospectivity of the tested laminated massif for platinum-palladium or copper-nickel metallogenic trend. Additionally on the basis of data of geophysical research with account of the composition of depth crustal xenoliths and age of depleted matrix, they estimate the composition of the lower crust and the upper mantle for availability of the granulite-basite layer in the crust base. This layer creates favourable conditions for preliminary concentration of metals of the platinum group and is characterised by speed of longitudinal waves on the border of transition from the crust to the mantle Vp=7.7-7.1 km/s. Further they determine the mode of rifting development on the basis of the criterion of margin or continental type. At the same time formation of the basite-ultrabasite massif at the initial stage of the continental rifting testifies platinum-palladium metallogenic trend, and on the completing stages of rifting of margin type - copper-nickel metallogenic trend. Duration of the laminated massif formation is calculated with differentiation into ore and barren magmatic stages. Age intervals are determined for formation of ore mineralisation of platinum-palladium or copper-nickel metallogenic trend. Produced data is compared with indicator values of duration of massif formation with account of the fact that for platinum-palladium ore mineralisation with incidentally extracted Ni, Cu, Au, Co, Rh the indicator values of duration of formation are assessed as 2530-2420 million years, at the same time magmatic ore-bearing phases at the Baltic shield have the age of 2490±10 million years, 2470±10 million years, 2450±10 million years, and for the massif with copper-nickel mineralisation with incidentally extracted Co, S, platinum group metals, Se, Te, the indicator values of formation duration are in the range of 2200-1980 million years with the main ore phase, having the age of 1980±3 million years. The conclusion on prospectivity of the tested basite-ultrabasite massif for platinum-palladium or copper-nickel metallogenic trend is made with account of localisation of mineralisation of contact type in the lower series along the cut, mineralisation of rift type - at the border of series-megacycles with replacement of chemical composition of magmas, and mineralisation of offset type - in tectonic abnormalities in the thickness of country rocks.
EFFECT: higher efficiency and reduced resource intensity of definition of metallogenic specialisation of laminated massifs of basite-ultrabasites at early stages of geological survey of subsoil.
3 cl, 1 dwg
The invention refers to the comprehensive definition of metallogenic specialization basic- striped arrays Archean crystalline shields, in particular, the methods of separate forecast and search of industrial objects and copper-Nickel raw material, and can be used when planning a reproduction of mineral resources base of platinum group metals and non-ferrous metals.
Many of the proven reserves of strategic types of minerals, such as elements of the platinum group (PGE), gold, copper, Nickel, cobalt and others, connected with the basic- arrays, located mainly within the Precambrian shields. Arrays basites-rocks on ultrabasites, differentiated by their material-structural characteristics, the time of formation, ore specialization and scale of manifestations. Each of geological-industrial types of mineralization associated with basic- arrays, has its own peculiarities of the geological structure and localization, which determine their individual approaches to the search for and exploration, including the well locations and mining, as well as the choice of the density of exploration network. Reliable justification metallogenic specialization striped arrays basic-ultrabasic rocks on ultrabasites in the early stages of geological study improves efficiency and reduces costs time, labor and financial resources reproduction of mineral resources base of strategic minerals.
Known method for determining the platinum-palladium and copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization basic-ultrabasite fiber array Archean crystalline shield (see the guidelines on the application of the Classification of reserves and resources of solid minerals. Nickel and cobalt ore. - M: FSI SRC, 2007, 36 C.)based on establishing analogies with known deposits and grouping promising geological bodies and structures in ore blocks, districts and the province according to the similarity of structurally-material characteristics of the arrays that are located geographically close. The method includes determination of the similarity of Geology, material composition and structure of search of objects with known ore deposits and manifestations, advanced search, geophysical and geochemical anomalies corresponding clusters in the massive sulfide ore, anchor drilling exploratory wells and in case of detection of ore intersections - the gradual extension of the exploration network of wells and mining along the strike and fall according to the principles of the stage and consistent drill exploration.
The disadvantage of this method is the relatively low efficiency, big carrying capacity and higher negative environmental impacts due to mass application of drilling and mining equipment for the advanced search of the first ore intersections and confirmation metallogenic specialization, defining features of spatial distribution and density of exploration network. In addition, type platinum palladium ores is not reflected in the notable geophysical and geochemical anomalies, which complicates the determination of the places of pledging support exploratory wells.
Known also adopted as a prototype method of determination of platinum-palladium and copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization basic-ultrabasite fiber array Archean crystalline shield (see Mitrofanov .. Search indicators of new industrial fields rhodium-platinum-palladium, cobalt-copper-Nickel and chromium ores of the Kola Peninsula / .. Mitrofanov // Russ. Geology. - 2006. - №4. - P.3-9), which is based on sorting basic- arrays Kola region from isotopic-geochemical and geological indicators. All of these arrays, unlike Archean rocks of similar composition, and associated with a plum-rift tectonics, manifested in this region 2530-1980 million years ago. The known method includes determination of the Genesis of the basic- striped arrays with geodynamic conditions of rifting, sampling, analysis and definition of the real and mineralogical composition of all the varieties and lots of rocks on a section of an array with the allocation of the plots of most of the contrast of the stratification structure and boundaries of magmatic series, the concentration of the isotope U, Pb, Sm, Nd in minerals- with the calculation of the absolute ages types of the rocks, the total duration of the basic- striped arrays and isotopic values of the indicator Epsilon nd(T) rocks of the array and comparing the data with indicator values ages and the duration of the fiber array, and the isotopic values of the indicator Epsilon nd(T) and the formulation of output about the prospects of the test stratified array on the platinum- or copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization. Based on these indicators are defined potentially bearing basic- arrays of plum-magmatic early Proterozoic series. After that, the goal is the determination of their more specific metallogenic specialization.
The disadvantage of this method is its relatively low selectivity by the adjacent time intervals, wide range of time education without differentiation on ore and phase, the limitation, specificity and selectivity of indicators and prognostic and prospecting features, as well as the lack of forecast on the localization of ore deposits in the striped arrays. All this reduces the efficiency of determination of metallogenic specialization when searching for platinum palladium and copper-Nickel ores.
The present invention is directed to achievement of the technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency and reducing the resource intensity definition metallogenic specialization striped arrays basic-ultrabasic rocks on ultrabasites in the early stages of geological exploration by increasing the number and refinement of indicators and prognostic and prospecting features of the platinum- or copper-Nickel industrial mineralization.
The technical result is achieved by the method of determination of platinum-palladium and copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization basic-ultrabasite stratified array Archean crystalline shield, which includes the communication of the Genesis of fiber array with geodynamic conditions of rifting, sampling, analysis with determination of the real and mineralogical composition of petrographic varieties of rocks on a section of an array, land most of the contrast of the stratification structure and boundaries of magmatic series, the concentration of the isotope U, Pb, Sm, Nd in minerals and rocks analyzed samples with the calculation of the absolute ages of varieties of rocks, the total duration of the fiber array and the value of isotopic indicator Epsilon nd(T) rocks of the array and comparing the data with indicator values ages and the duration of the fiber array, and the isotopic values of the indicator Epsilon nd(T) and the formulation of output about the prospects of the test stratified array on the platinum- or copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization, according to the invention, advanced on the basis of data of geophysical research of the deep-crustal xenoliths and age depleted mantle tDM carry out the assessment of the structure of the lower crust and upper mantle on the presence in the basis of bark -basaltic layer, which creates favorable conditions for preliminary concentration of metals of platinum group and is characterized by the speed of longitudinal waves at the boundary of the transition from the crust to the mantle Vp=7,7-7.1 km/s, determine the mode of development rifting on the grounds of the border or the continental type, with the formation of the basic-ultrabasite array on the initial stage of continental rifting indicates platinum-palladium metallogenic specialization, and in the final stages of rifting of the border type - of copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization, the calculation of the duration of the fiber array lead with differentiation on ore and magmatic stage and determination of the age intervals of formation of ore mineralization of the platinum-palladium or copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization, comparison of the obtained data with indicator values for the duration of the array is made with consideration for the platinum-palladium ore mineralization with in passing recoverable Ni, Cu, Au With, Rh indicator duration values formation is estimated at 2530-2420 million years, with magmatic bearing phase on the Baltic shield of age 2490±10 million years, 2470±10 million years, 2450±10 million years, and for an array with copper-Nickel mineralization with along the way arising From, S, PGM, Se, Te indicator duration values formation are in the range 2200-1980 million years with the main ore phase with age 1980 to + / -3 million years, but a conclusion about the prospect of the test basic-ultrabasite array on the platinum- or copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization make taking into account localization mineralization contact type in the bottom of the profile series, mineralization reef-type - on the border series-MHz with a change of the chemical composition of the magma, and mineralization offset type in tectonic violations in the thickness of the enclosing rocks.
The achievement of a technical result also contributes to the fact that on the basis of data petrological studies further define the terms and conditions imposed metamorphism, the establishment of conditions of metamorphism above conditions-temperature amphibolite facies restricts the use of search of signs and indicators in relation to mineralization, and the establishment of conditions of conflict of metamorphism indicates the search copper-Nickel ores inside basic-ultrabasite array and offset localization.
Achieving the technical result is also that in the analysis of samples additionally determine the isotope concentrations Sr 87, 86 Sr, 3He, 4He, 187 Os, 188 Os, calculate the isotopic ratios I Sr = 87 Sr/ 86Sr, 187 Os/ 188 Os, 3He/ 4He and compare them with indicator values, having for an array with platinum-palladium mineralization values respectively 87 Sr/ 86 Sr=0,702-0,705, 3He/ 4He=n·(10 -5-10 - 6 )where n is a natural number from 1 to 9, as for array with copper-Nickel mineralization values 87 St/ 86 St=0,703-0,704, 187 Os/ 188 Os=0,935 ħ 0.03.
The essence of the method is based on hierarchically structured sequence of implementation of geological-geophysical, petrographical, petrological, and isotopic-geochemical studies. Studies are conducted on a limited number of samples of rocks, ores, taken from the surface or from the core of boreholes, with the resulting definition of the main metallogenic specialization of layered mafic intrusions on a complex of geodynamic, petrological, and isotopic geochronology signs and indicators. Application of the proposed method allows to reduce considerably the amount and speed up the prognostic and prospecting works in both area and number of objects, as well as to substantiate the expediency of setting of detailed geological exploration with the purpose of increase of the mineral base platinum palladium (Pt-Pd) or copper-Nickel (Cu-Ni ores.
In the basis of the invention is a concept according to which the results of the manifestation of the stereotypical geological processes from the birth of magma to its implementation and crystallization in close and similar conditions are not always . That is, arrays basic - ultrabasic composition, formed in similar geological conditions and having similar features of the structure and material composition of the rocks, can carry different ore mineralization or even be empty. Among the main factors, influencing the final result, concern, first of all, mantle position source. When this is especially favorable intermediate layer at the crust-mantle, causing the accumulation in the fertile magma and elements, including platinoids. Besides, the important peculiarities of geodynamic regime basaltic plume in the rift bends and localization of magmatic tumor, as well as a sequence, duration and direction of magma crystallization, which result in the concentration and the form of finding useful components, that is determined by the ratio of a number of marking isotopes, U-Pb, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and other This should also take into account the variability of magmatic and hydrothermal processes, caused by both natural fractionation and impoverishment or enrichment of initial components as a result of crystallization and/or contamination magma - mixing mantle of the root sources of the substance and the evolution and cycles of opening/closing system in relation to the mantle sources. All these features are fixed quite numerous parameters and characteristics: the degree of differentiation of the structure, and variations in the chemical and petrological composition of the different groups and bodies, their , isotope ratios and mantle indicators Epsilon nd(T), tDM, 87 Sr/ 86Sr, 187 Os/ 188 Os, 3He/ 4He and others, as well as the content and proportions of rare and dispersed elements.
Indicator Epsilon nd(T) corresponds to the primary Nd isotopic composition of the breed at the moment of time T is the difference between primary isotope ratio 134 Nd/ 144 Nd received by breed, and isotope ratio in the model uniform tank - CHUR (chondritic uniform reservoir). Indicator age depleted mantle tDM is a characteristic of the isotopic composition of rocks and is a model Sm-Nd age.
All of the proposed indicators metallogenic specialization mafic Intrusive arrays Pt-Pd and Cu-Ni ore, can be used mainly for geological situations of early Precambrian crystalline shields. In Russia, the Baltic States (), Voronezh, and other ancient blocks.
In the basis of the proposed method of determining the Pt-Pd or Cu-Ni main metallogenic specialization basic-ultrabasite array Archean crystalline shield is consideration of the following factors:
- ribbons and comprehensive basic- intrusions with the formation of, respectively, pyroxenite-- and - rock series;
- deep character for platiniferous basites Fedorovo-Pansky type and isotopic characteristics of Cu-Ni ore-bearing arrays Pechenga type defined, mainly, isotope indicators Epsilon nd(T) and I Sr = 87 Sr/ 86Sr
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the research and the use of search criteria in determining the platinum-palladium and copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization basic- striped arrays.
In result of the research was developed efficient system of forecasting and prospecting features and indicators of conditions of formation of complex industrial mineralization: platinum-palladium with in passing recoverable Ni, Cu, Au, With Rh (see Table 1) and sulphide copper-Nickel with along the way arising From, S, PGM, Se, that, and The other (see Table 2). These criteria allow the very early stages of geological works define these Pt-Pd or sulphide-Cu-Ni specialization mafic layered arrays crystalline shields, which is especially important for the design of metallurgical industrial enterprises.
According to Tables 1 and 2 bathrooms feature prognostic and prospecting features for differences in metallogenic characteristic Pt-Pd and sulfide Cu-Ni : geophysical, structural, geodynamic condition, real, isotopic-geochemical characteristics, geochronological feature, metamorphism
Conformity of the specific characteristics of the investigated object to any of the signs and indicators listed in Tables 1 and 2 reflects the combination of the whole complex of favorable geological, geophysical and petrological conditions conducive to industrial scales and concentrations of ore bodies with Pt-Pd specialization or sulfide with cu-Ni specialization types.
However, non-compliance or substantial deviation from the above aggregate of features and indicators fundamentally denies the possibility of detection in the studied geological array of elevated concentrations of elements and minerals, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, and other, however, leads to very low probability of finding in the present array of commercial hydrocarbon deposits Pt-Pd or sulfide Cu-Ni ore types. This does not prevent the possibility of localization within the studied geological array of deposits and occurrences of other strategic minerals: titanium-vanadium, chromium and other types of ores.
Thus, the proposed method allows to determine the main metallogenic specialization basic- array Archean crystalline shield and can be used for substantiation of metallogenic forecast, priority ranking and optimization of resource costs of geological exploration of the subsoil. Method allows you to quickly diagnose and to rank basic- arrays on the main metallogenic specialization of perspective for the formulation of detailed exploration works at low sulphide Pt-Pd complex ores; promising for statement of exploration for sulfide Cu-Ni complex ores; unpromising for the formulation of the exploration works at the low sulphide Pt-Pd complex ore and/or sulfide Cu-Ni complex ores with a probability of detection of other types of ores of strategic minerals. The proposed method can be used for planning of reproduction of mineral base of platinum group metals and non-ferrous metals.
The above features and advantages of the proposed method can be illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1. The determination of metallogenic specialization plots Fedorovo-Pansky complex, including arrays Fyodorova Tundra, Western Lords (), and array . For these arrays as a result of comprehensive research identified:
- presence at the depth of areal layer geophysical characteristic Vp=7,7-7.1 km/s;
- structural position of the arrays in contact Foundation and rift troughs;
- ore bodies in the basal contact or reef deposits arrays;
- basic formed at the initial stage of continental rifting;
- multiple pulsating introduction of high-mg and magmas with the differentiation of rocks from pyroxenites, gabbro-norites to anorthosites;
- deep mantle source of fertile magmas, originally enriched ore and elements, which manifests itself in such isotopic , as Epsilon nd(T)=(-1)-(-3), I Sr = 87 Sr/ 86 Sr=0,702-0,705; 3He/ 4He=(3-5)·10 -5
- calculated indicator age depleted mantle tDM - Archaean, that indicates the duration of the evolution of the source of magma;
- age of formation of the studied arrays is in the range 2530-2420 million years with the ages of the individual magmatic ore-bearing phases 2490±10 million years, 2470±10 million years, 2450±10 million years;
- metamorphism in known deposits weak or unmanifest.
The above-mentioned characteristics fully correspond to the predictive search criteria and indicators of conditions of formation of Pt-Pd with the passing recoverable Ni, Cu, Au With, Rh complex industrial mineralization (see table 1). Conducted exploration posting monitoring wells revealed the presence of industrial Pt-Pd with the passing recoverable Ni, Cu, Au With, Rh mineralization and allowed to explore and approve the State Commission on mineral reserves (GKZ) of the Russian Federation reserves the three major fields, including the largest in Europe Fedorovskoe Deposit.
Example 2. The determination of metallogenic specialization group of industrial Cu-Ni deposits containing small intrusions of localized in the Pechenga structure. For these arrays as a result of comprehensive research defined:
- in-depth local gravitational anomalies with a concentration of them in the narrow linear zones;
arrays are located in a narrow area of the top of the cuts Palaeoproterozoic rocks; ore is located in the basal contact intrusions and in vein bodies;
- basic formed in the period of change of land-locked rifting mode early spreading;
- characteristic of gabbro- composition subvolcanic and igneous bodies;
- source of depleted magma to isotope indicators Epsilon nd(T)=(+0,5)-(+4), I Sr = 87 Sr/ 86 Sr=0,703-0,704; 187 Os/ 188 Os=0,935±0,03 (single definition);
- calculated indicator age depleted mantle tDM can be as Archaean and the early Proterozoic;
- age basites is in the range 2200-1980 million years and not older;
- manifested collision metamorphism, leading to the formation ore bodies, both within the ore-bearing rocks and offset locations.
These performances are predictive search criteria and indicators of conditions of formation of sulfide Cu-Ni with along the way arising From, S, PGM, Se and The complex industrial mineralization (see Table 2). The results of retrospective and current exploration fully support this conclusion. All known deposits and manifestations associated with arrays basic-ultrabasic rocks on ultrabasites of this type have a strong copper-Nickel specialization with a minimum content of platinoids (less than 0.3 g/t).
From the above description and Examples show that the proposed method allows effectively platinum- and sulfide copper-Nickel main metallogenic specialization striped arrays in the Eastern part of the Baltic shield in Finland and on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia. Results can be used in Russian prospecting and geological studies on the Voronezh crystal massif, on , the Aldan, and Anabarskiy crystalline shields Siberia. The proposed method does not require the early stages of exploration mass use of expensive and supporting environmental risks mine workings and wells. The use of indicators metallogeny basic-ultrabasic rocks on ultrabasites, indicating nature and magnitude of the manifestations of magmatic and ore-forming processes, increases efficiency and degree of rationality in exploration, specifies the action to the target trait optimizes search and exploration network and model greatly simplifies establishing the localization of ore bodies and reduces the amount of exploration, and minimises the negative impact on the environment. Achieved the technical result consists in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of metallogenic forecast, reducing the cost and environmental risks of exploration.
intrusions have in their structure from 2 to 5 or more units-natural layered series of varieties to less basic - .
Distribution of mineralization to the most contrasting series of alternation of thin interlayers of rocks of different composition - leiko - and gabbro, norites, anorthosites, , various and varying textures (for example, varitextured gabbro), leucocratic differences (leucogabbro, anorthosites, «Sika gabbro»), variously grained, and pegmatoid rocks with magmatic relationship.
All known field of reef types are confined to the borders MHz, which tend to reflect the change high on magma.
Characteristically intense manifestation of rock complexes of deep recovery of fluids, enriched connections, F, Cl, H, and other
Mineralogical factors: communication with IPY scattered sulfide mineralization, abnormally high concentration of platinoids in sulfides. The coefficient of the distribution of platinum metals between silicate and sulfide melts reaches 100,000 or more.
5Isotopic-geochemical characteristics
Deep mantle source magmas, originally enriched ore components (fertile source) and elements, which manifests itself in such isotope indicators as Epsilon nd(T) - small negative values from -1 to -3, I Sr = 87 Sr/ 86 Sr=0,702-0,705, 3 He/4 4 He=n·(10 -5 -10 -6 ), where n is a natural number from 1 to 9.
Source of magma and ores, different from sources ridges and subduction zones.
6.Geochronological feature
The intraplate mafic extensive eruptive province with
platinum-as palladium deposits (East Scandinavian on (Baltic) shield, the East Sayan - on the ledge of the Foundation of the Siberian platform, - on the Canadian shield) are formed in the early epochs of the destruction of the supercontinents, more often, on a geochronological border "Archaea - " 2600-2400 million years ago. To the East Scandinavian province is the age of the - beginning : 2530-2400 million years. Ore-magmatic systems of developing long-term and pulsation (phase 2490±10 million years; 2470±10 million years; 2450±10 million years) with the change magmas on , and their ore specialization - from CR and Cu+Ni to Pt+Pd and Ti+V.
7.Metamorphism
Well-known industrial fields are located in the regional rocks.
In a regionally metamorphosed layered mafic complexes are known only Pt-Pd ore.
There is evidence that the excess of the RT parameters-temperature conditions amphibolite facies leads to the depletion of ore mineralization.
Table 2 № itemName of characteristic search
Parameters
1.Geophysical
Availability according to the Geophysics local gravitational anomalies with a concentration of them in the narrow linear zones.
The rise of the boundaries of the Moho discontinuity with 40-42 km framed up 39-38 km in structures.
2.Structural
Regional: long narrow belt in the overall composite ensemble Paleoproterozoic orogens crystalline shields (for example, structure). Bearing Intrusive bodies in the upper part of the section volcanogenic-sedimentary formations of early Palaeoproterozoic rocks.
Local ore is located in the basal contact , vein bodies, including in offset localization.
3.Geodynamic condition
processes and magmatism of localized in space and time, in the period of change of geodynamic regime from Midland rifting (opening in an ensialic) on early spreading () type.
Formation basic- arrays happens at the final stage of continental rifting.
4. MaterialPrimary magma and spectrum is close to the type of basalt mid-Atlantic ridge (Б).
Products magma, enriched Fe and Ti, form a single volcano-Pluto-technical series rocks. For Intrusive ore bodies is characteristic of gabbro- composition, and conditions crystallization, wide differentiation of rocks with the formation of number: -clinopyroxenite-gabbro- gabbro.
1. Method of determination of platinum-palladium and copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization basic-ultrabasite fiber array Archean crystalline shield, including communication of the Genesis of fiber array with geodynamic conditions of rifting, sampling, analysis with determination of the real and mineralogical composition of petrographic varieties of rocks on a section of an array, land most of the contrast of the stratification structure and boundaries of magmatic series, the concentration of the isotope U, Pb, Sm, Nd in minerals and breeds of analyzed samples with the calculation of the absolute ages of varieties of rocks, the total duration of the fiber array and the value of isotopic indicator Epsilon nd(T) rocks of the array and comparing the data with indicator values ages and the duration of the fiber array, and the isotopic values of the indicator Epsilon nd(T) and the formulation of output about the prospects of the test stratified array on the platinum- or copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization, characterized in that the further on the basis of data of geophysical research taking into account the composition of deep-crustal xenoliths and age depleted mantle tDM provide an assessment of the structure of the lower crust and upper mantle at presence at the base of the crust -basaltic layer, which creates favorable conditions for preliminary concentration of metals of platinum group and is characterized by the speed of longitudinal waves at the boundary of the transition from the crust to the mantle Vp=7,7-7.1 km/s, determine the mode of development rifting on the grounds of the border or the continental type, with the formation of the basic-ultrabasite array on the initial stage of continental rifting indicates platinum-palladium metallogenic specialization, and in the final stages of rifting of the border type - of copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization, the calculation of the duration of the fiber array lead with differentiation on ore and magmatic stage and determination of the age intervals of formation of ore mineralization of the platinum-palladium or copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization, comparison of the obtained data with indicator values for the duration of the array is made with consideration for the platinum-palladium ore mineralization along the way recoverable Ni, Cu, Au With, Rh indicator duration values formation is estimated at 2530-2420 million years, igneous-bearing phase on the Baltic shield of age 2490±10 million years, 2470±10 million years, 2450±10 million years, and for an array with copper-Nickel mineralization with along the way arising From, S, PGM, Se, The indicator values for the duration of the lie in the interval 2200-1980 million years with the main ore phase with age 1980 to + / -3 million years, but a conclusion about the prospect of the test basic-array ultrabasite the platinum- or copper-Nickel metallogenic specialization make taking into account localization mineralization contact type in the bottom of the section for the series, mineralization reef-type - on the border series-MHz with a change of the chemical composition of the magma, and mineralization offset type in tectonic violations in the thickness of the enclosing rocks.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the further define the terms and conditions imposed metamorphism, the establishment of conditions of metamorphism above conditions-temperature amphibolite facies restricts the use of search of signs and indicators in relation to mineralization, and the establishment of conditions of conflict of metamorphism indicates the search copper-Nickel ores inside basic-ultrabasite array and offset localization.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the analysis of samples additionally determine the isotope concentrations Sr 87, 86 Sr, 3He, 4He, 187 Os, 188 Os, calculate the isotopic ratios I Sr = 87 Sr/ 86Sr, 187 Os/ 188 Os, 3He/ 4He and compare them with indicator values, having for an array with platinum-palladium mineralization values, respectively: 87 Sr/ 86 Sr=0,702-0,705, 3 He/ 4=n·(10 -5 -10 -6 ), where n - integer from 1 to 9, as for array with copper-Nickel mineralization values 87 Sr/ 86 Sr=0,703-0,704, 187 Os/ 188 Os=0,935 ħ 0.03.