Sensor for continuous monitoring of wire insulation. RU patent 2505830.

IPC classes for russian patent Sensor for continuous monitoring of wire insulation. RU patent 2505830. (RU 2505830):

G01R31/14 - Circuits therefor

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Sensor has a housing inside of which there is a conducting working element, a cap, a heating source with gradually variable power, a heat sensor, a cover pipe, a circuit for controlling power of the heating source, a support with a platform and a movable support. The working element used is gallium.

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FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: sensor has a housing inside of which there is a conducting working element, a cap, a heating source with gradually variable power, a heat sensor, a cover pipe, a circuit for controlling power of the heating source, a support with a platform and a movable support. The working element used is gallium.

EFFECT: high sensitivity, longer service life and high reliability.

2 dwg

The invention relates to the technology of electrical tests and can be used to control the quality of the insulation of the wires.

There is a method of control of defective insulation of wires, described in [1].

In the above-mentioned method as a sensor for continuous monitoring of isolation of wires use two felt plate submerged in an electrolytic solution of sodium sulfate Na 2 SO 4 in the water (concentration of 30 g/l).

Between residential wire and a solution is connected to an electrical circuit, apply a test voltage of direct current (50 to + / -3) In open circuit. According to this way through this sensor depends on the integrity of the insulation, which is expressed as the number of point damage to the insulation of the wire, recorded using electrical testing device.

Point of damage to record the relevant relay with a counter. Counter to sound if the resistance of wire insulation less than 10 ohms for a period of not less than 0.04 C. the Counter should not be triggered if the resistance of 15 ohms or more. Chain for the definition of damage should work with the speed of operation (5±1) MS, providing for registration with the frequency (500±25) damage per minute when pulling the wire without isolation.

Lack of the sensor is that, firstly, electrolytic composition during operation can change your focus, and its conductivity depends on temperature control, that entails a change in the resistance of the contact point between the sensor damage and affect the accuracy and informative control. In addition, the sensitivity of the sensor is low, so it is used only for checking the insulation of thin wires, diameter does not exceed 0, 5 mm

Closest to the claimed is sensor for continuous monitoring of the insulation of the wires as described in [2].

Sensor prototype contains the expansion element that generates the clip, heater, conducting elastic crimping, light source, photoelectric Converter, controlled wire, current - voltage Converter, controlled current source, and the expansion element is located inside the bore clips, crimp is inside hole in the expansion element, source and transmitter are located inside the cage on different sides of crimping, and the output of the Converter connected to the input of the Converter, the output of which is connected to the input source, the output of which is connected with the inlet of the heater.

The disadvantage of the sensor is the complexity of its design, low reliability and durability, low accuracy and sensitivity.

The technical problem, the solution of which directed the present invention consists in simplifying the construction, improve reliability, durability, sensitivity and accuracy of control.

The task is solved by a sensor for continuous monitoring of isolation of wires, containing a body, inside of which is conducting the work item, additionally introduced a cap, warming source with a smoothly changing power sensor, casing pipes, regulatory scheme capacity of a heating source hour front platform and mobile hour front, and as a work item is taken gallium, and the body and cap made of their thermally conductive material (copper) in the form of inverted in the vertical plane by 180 degrees with each other rectangular vessels, the perimeter of which is in the upper front part of the building and in the lower part of a cap made of the same configuration flanges, with external dimensions of flanges are the same, the inner flange size cap smaller than the inner flange size of the hull, in case flange turned drilled into which you inserted the seal, housing and cap are identical in configuration, but the volume of the inner cavity of a cap V 1 more volume V 2 inner space of the body, with a volume of V 1 completely filled gallium, flanged housing and cap attached to each other fasteners in the walls of the body are drilled through axial hole, around the outside of the housing are made grooves, into which are inserted sealing cuff, from opposite sides of the outside of the parties to the sensor body attached two tubular axes having with one of the end faces of the mounting flanges, and with other ends of the flanges-limiters, mounting flanges tubular axes fasteners attached to the body, sealing cuff are between the body and flanges tubular axes, the inner diameter of the tube axis corresponds to the diameter of the drilled holes in the housing and outer diameter of these axes correspond to the holes in the rack with the platform and the mobile front, one tube axis is a hole rack with the platform and the other tube axis is a hole rolling racks, hole in the front with a base alignment hole in the mobile front, flanges - limiters tubular axes are located behind the holes mentioned racks, the lower end of the rolling racks located in the groove platform rack platform and can move in a longitudinal direction are located inside the slot guides, to the top of the front of the platform is fixed a pipe, made of copper, inside the pipe by its Central axis attached to the rack with the platform Chuck in which screwed heating source with smoothly varying capacity, to the outer side of the hood one of the ends is attached pipe casing, internal diameter of which correspond to the outer diameter of a tube attached to the upper part of the stand to the platform, and the axis of rotation mentioned tubes match, pipe casing is supplied with threaded locking mechanism, opposite side of the body of the casing pipe is located slot into which you inserted the sensor, the output of which is connected with the input of the regulation schemes capacity of a heating source, the output of which is connected to the input of a heating source smoothly variable thickness.

Figure 1 And In the design of the proposed sensor. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the sensor. Figure 1 and figure 2 are used for the explanation of the principle of the sensor.

After that move the movable rack 14 the guides in the slot 20 rack platform 10 and tubular axis 6 and 9 in the longitudinal direction (to the right), then turn the sensor with a cap on 180 degrees about axes 6 and 9. Flanges - limiters 21 and 23 are located behind the holes 11 and 15 racks at a distance sufficient to pipe casing 13 you can place it on the pipe 16. Mobile rack 14, axis 6 and 9 and rigidly connected with them housing 1 and cap 2 move (to the right) and axis 6 and 9 rotate 180 degrees. These longitudinal and rotational movement occurs until the pipe 16 will not enter into tubular casing 13 and sensor will take the position shown in figure 1 Century In this position cap 2 is at the top, and the case 1 at the bottom. Gallium 5 in the solid state is also at the top of the housing 1 inside the hood 2. Because gallium 5 is in the solid state, the internal dimension flange 4 cap 2 less than the inner diameter of the flange 3 buildings, gallium 5, resting in a educated shoulder, not falls down.

After the establishment of the sensor in the position shown in figure 1 In the input schema 25, regulation capacity of a heating source (figure 2), serves AC voltage 220 V

The heating source 17, with adjustable power is switched on at full power, as provided in the scheme 25. Thermal energy from the heat source 17 begins to warm the space around itself, which includes pipes 16, pipe casing 17, cavity casing 17 and housing cap 2. When reaching the cap 2 temperature 302,93 To (29,8 OC) gallium begins to melt and drip into the cavity of the body 1. Since the volume V 1 gallium (the inner cavity of the cap 2) more volume V 2 of the body cavity 1, melted gallium completely fill the volume of the housing 1 and controlled wire 12 covered with a layer of liquid gallium 5. After that, you can start control. Upon completion of the control the sensor again is translated in the position shown in figure 1 A. of the housing 1 drains into the cap 2. When you disable a heating source 17 gallium 5 freezes in cap 2. The sensor is to be prepared for the next stage of control.

Diagram 25 regulation capacity of a heating source (figure 2) is designed to maintain a stable temperature inside the sensor, slightly exceeding the melting temperature of gallium. Warming up gallium occurs continuously in a strictly defined temperature as follows. Power element (thyristor VS1) managed by method. To turn on the heating element 3 working at full capacity. As the temperature rises in molding cage 1, the power of the heating element 3, gradually decreases. In operating mode, when you reach the desired temperature, the value of which must exceed the melting point of gallium, set thermodynamic equilibrium in which the amount of heat obtained from the heating element 3, becomes equal to the total amount of heat in the environment. Assignment elements of circuits of the thyristor regulator. Transistors VT1, VT2 form similar unijunction transistor. Diode VD9 included in the opposite direction, performs the role of thermode of 5, which is installed under the molding clip 1. When the temperature is less labor, the resistance of the temperature sensor 5 large transistor VT3 is closed and has no effect unijunction transistor. Thyristor opens at the beginning of each half-voltage network. The initial heating element 3 is enabled at full capacity. When the temperature in the molding cage, the resistance of the temperature sensor VD9 decreases, transistor VT3 goes to the conducting state and begins to shunt the integrating capacitor C1. Time charge increases, similar unijunction transistor (VT1, VT2) begins to tune some time later. Time of the on condition thyristor VS1 becomes smaller, the power of the heating element is reduced. When reaching the operating temperature in the bell and the sensor housing transistor VT3 will be almost fully opened and the time of the on condition thyristor is reduced to the minimum the power of the heating element 4 also reaches the minimum values. The heating element will give inside the sensor so much energy, how much of it is lost to the environment. Such a state of thermal equilibrium will persist indefinitely. If the temperature in the sensor begins to drop, the resistance of the temperature sensor VD9 increase resistance collector-emitter transistor VT3 is becoming more integrating capacitor starts to charge faster, similar unijunction transistor and thyristor will open before the heating element 3 will be longer connected to the network and the amount of allocated a heating element of the heat becomes more. This process will go on until the temperature rises to working value. If the temperature starts to rise above the range of working temperature, the resistance of the temperature sensor becomes even less transistor VT3 is opened completely and shuntiruet integrating capacitor C1. Thyristor VS1 off, and the heating element is disconnected from the network. When the temperature drops, the process will go in the opposite direction. The variable resistor sets the value of R6 working temperature inside the sensor. Zener diode VD8 stabilizes the analogue unijunction transistor. If it be deleted, accuracy of maintenance of temperature in the sensor becomes equal ą1.5 C, which is obviously undesirable. Diode VD5 protects transistors VT1, VT2 from the breakdown. Consistently included stabilitrons VD6, VD7 can be replaced by one , whose stabilization voltage is equal to the sum of the voltage stabilization VD6 and VD7. Resistor R3 specifies the voltage opening analogue unijunction transistor. The initial setup instead include a variable resistor 20 kOhm Zener VD8 also temporarily disable. Achieve stable operation of the temperature controller in production mode. Disable the controller, measure the resistance of a variable resistor, and instead connect the fixed resistor of such value. This operation is the most responsible, and it may need to repeat several times to pick up R3, can be also need to specify the value of the resistor R2. Transistor VT3 must have a gain-current & beta=60-100. Large values of amplification coefficient make thermostat too sensitive, and even minor fluctuations in heat flow sensor change the mode of its work: he becomes the «swing». Smaller values of the coefficient reduce the accuracy of temperature maintenance. An example of a specific implementation.

Sensor for continuous monitoring of isolation of wires, containing a body, inside of which is conducting the work item is characterized in that it additionally introduced a cap, warming source with a smoothly changing power sensor, pipe casing, regulatory scheme capacity of a heating source hour front platform and mobile hour front, and as a work item is taken gallium, and the body and cap made of their thermally conductive material (copper) in the form of inverted in the vertical plane by 180 degrees with each other rectangular vessels, the perimeter of which is in the upper front part of the building and in the lower part of a cap made of the same configuration flanges, with external dimensions of flanges are the same, the inner flange size cap smaller than the inner flange size of the hull, in case flange turned drilled into which you inserted the seal, housing and cap are identical in configuration, but the volume of the inner cavity of a cap V 1 more volume V 2 inner space of the body, with a volume of V 1 completely filled gallium, flanged housing and cap attached to each other fasteners in the walls of the body are drilled through axial hole, around the outside of the housing are made grooves, into which are inserted sealing cuff, with opposite external sides of the case are attached two tubular axes having with one of the end faces of the mounting flanges, and with other ends of the flanges-limiters, mounting flanges tubular axes fasteners attached to the body, sealing cuff are between the body and flanges tubular axes, the inner diameter of the tube axis corresponds to the diameter of the drilled holes in the housing and outer diameter of these axes correspond to the holes in the rack with the platform and the mobile front, one tube axis is a hole rack with the platform and the other tube axis is a hole rolling racks, flanges limiters tubular axes are located behind the holes mentioned racks, hole in the rack with the platform alignment hole in the mobile front, the lower end of the rolling racks located in the groove platform rack platform, and given him the ability to move in a longitudinal direction are located inside the slot guides, to the top of the front of the platform is fixed a pipe, made of copper, inside the pipe by its Central axis attached to the rack platform Chuck in which screwed heating source with smoothly varying capacity, to the outer side of the hood one of the ends is attached pipe casing, internal diameter of which correspond to the outer diameter of a tube attached to the upper part of the stand to the platform, and the axis of rotation mentioned tubes match, pipe casing is equipped with screw lock the opposite side of the body of the casing pipe is located slot into which you inserted the sensor, the output of which is connected with the input of the regulation schemes capacity of a heating source, the output of which is connected to the input of a heating source smoothly varying capacity.