Ink jet printing with function ink with nanoparticles. RU patent 2505416.

FIELD: printing industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method and device for applying ink to the carrier (14), comprising a nozzle (20) defining an outlet of ink. Part of the nozzle is electrically conductive. The first voltage source applies a first potential (V1) to the outlet nozzle (20). One or more auxiliary electrodes are located near the outlet nozzle (20), and the second voltage source applies a second potential (V2) to the auxiliary electrodes. The device comprises a piezoelectric or thermal actuator for ejecting ink from the nozzle (20) towards the target area on the carrier (14), the ink comprises a liquid diluent (10) and pigment particles (12) dispersed in the diluent. At least pigment particles (12) are electrically charged, usually due to the applied potentials. In one version of the invention, the auxiliary electrode is located coaxially around the electrode formed by the nozzle (20). In another version of the invention, the auxiliary electrode is located behind the nozzle (20) on a common axis with the electrode formed by the nozzle.

EFFECT: providing concentration of the pigment particles in the target area so that a certain number of pigment particles is deposited in the target area having a higher concentration than the concentration of the pigment particles in the ink.

28 cl, 6 dwg

The technical field

The invention relates to a method of inkjet ink containing nanoparticles, and a print device to carry out this way.

The level of technology

Method and device, in particular, but not exclusively, intended for printing functional ink used in electronics that require high density particles and small topological size of the printed image.

Printing on the basis of functional ink has a long tradition in the field of electronics. For example, based ink pigments used for screen printing impressions of interconnection and resistors in the circuit boards of the printed circuit. In these areas used pastes for thick-film technology consist of diluent (binder), pigments silver and carbon, respectively, and pigment particles have a size in the nanometer range. More recent developments are routed to print not only the passive component of the scheme, but also of active components. One example is the disclosure of printed nanoparticles of silicon in International patent application WO 2004/068536 from the present applicant, providing semiconductor layers in devices such as solar cells and transistors.

Traditionally, the majority of functional materials printed using a standard printing technology, such as screen printing and flexography, both require manufacturing of master-models (for example, stencil, or printed form) for each of the printed image. Usually considered preferable to use a digital printing methods, such as inkjet printing, due to their flexibility and high precision in space. However, to prevent clogging of nozzles for inkjet printing requires relatively dispersed solutions and ink particles with low viscosity. This makes way unacceptable for some uses in electronics, where the high density of the particles must be in a certain position on the media (substrate) used to achieve the required functionality of the printed image.

With regard to the deposition of small topological elements, known inkjet printing based solutions containing nanoparticles, which provide functional properties of printed patterns. Most often use a conductive ink jet printing prints schemes using conductive nanoparticles, for example, silver nanoparticles dispersed in ink. In such usages of thermal treatment receive low resistance with the effect of removal of dispersant and with subsequent sintering nanoparticles. Later development of the deposition of functional layer is jet printing on the basis of transparent conductive oxide nanoparticles, in which the structure of the image and seal particles regulate the processing of electromagnetic radiation in the process of drying.

Another way to increase the accuracy of image formation in printed structures inkjet printing, consisting of functional ink, including ink containing nanoparticles, is inkjet printing described Jang-Ung Park and other Nature, vol.6 (2007). In this case, the resolution of the printed image is strengthened by the electrostatic field applied to nozzle device for inkjet printers, which creates and regulates the movement of droplets discharged from the nozzle. However, inkjet printing does not affect the density or the arrangement of the particles in the printed structure and require post processing to achieve the required properties.

In some areas of functionality besieged layer containing particles in General and nanoparticles in particular, shall ensure to the circuit of connection of these particles. To achieve compactness of these layers Tuck in GB2355338 revealed modification electrophoretic deposition for displays with autoelectronic emission. This work describes the rapid deposition of particles of a dilute solution of a binding material with the help of the applied electric field. The amount of resin in solution accurately calculated, so that after evaporation of the solvent residue remains in place on the bottom of the microscopic holes. As for the other traditional methods of electrophoretic deposition used for coating of the bath with a solution for the lack of the formation of the image or the regulation of the flow of fluid in the course of the process.

The essence of the invention

Proposed in the invention of the method of applying the ink onto the media includes:

making inks containing liquid thinner and pigment particles dispersed in diluent, at least pigment particles are electrically charged;

application of the first potential output nozzle for ink;

the application for at least a second potential to one or more auxiliary electrodes, located near the exit nozzle, and

emission drops of black ink out of the output nozzle towards the target zone on the media

the output configuration of the nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes and the value of the first and second potentials choose to provide concentration of pigment particles in the target area and thereby deposition certain amount of pigment particles in the target area, which has a higher concentration than the concentration of pigment particles in the ink.

Pigment particles have permanent or induced charge. In the latter case, the charge on the particle can be established attached potentials.

Way preferably intended for use of the attached capacity to ensure electrophoretic movement pigments during the deposition process for the concentration of pigment particles in the target area.

Furthermore, the method is preferable intended for use attached potentials for generating forces on the liquid diluent ink for scattering liquid diluent from the target zone.

One or more auxiliary electrodes placed near the exit nozzle, placed coaxial around the electrode, educated nozzle.

Media support certain capacity during the release of droplets of ink from the nozzle in the direction of the target zone.

Preferably, media support, given the potential of the earth.

Preferably, the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes at least equal to the difference between the exit nozzle and a carrier.

In a preferred embodiment of the method presented in the invention, the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes is in the range from 1 to 100 V

Proposed in the invention of the method includes the placement of at least one auxiliary electrode for a total axial line with the electrode, educated nozzle

In one variant of the method proposed in the invention additional substrate for media support in certain capacity.

Preferably, substrate support capacity of the earth.

In one embodiment, a substrate is placed by the carrier, i.e. the carrier is placed in between the nozzle and the substrate.

In another embodiment, the substrate is placed between the carrier and the nozzle.

If at least one auxiliary electrode is placed by the carrier, the nozzle and the specified at least one auxiliary electrode for carrier are moving relative to the carrier, and the movement of the nozzle and at least one auxiliary electrode is synchronized.

In another embodiment, the number of electrodes and corresponding holes in the substrate support in absolutely fixed positions.

In another embodiment, the nozzle and auxiliary electrodes support in a fixed position and media moves relative to them.

Preferably, the potential of the auxiliary electrode support level, which mainly attracts charged nanoparticles, what is the potential of the nozzle.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention of the potentials on the auxiliary electrode and nozzle support at a higher level than the ratio of the radius of the hole in the surface near the auxiliary electrode and the radius of the nozzle.

In addition, according to the present invention, a device for the deposition of ink on the media, including:

nozzle, identifies the output for ink, with at least part of the nozzle is conductive;

the first source voltage for the application of the first potential output nozzle;

one or more auxiliary electrodes placed near the exit nozzle;

a second voltage source for the application of the second potential to one or more auxiliary electrode; and

funds for the emission of ink from the nozzle in the direction of the target zone on media containing liquid thinner and pigment particles dispersed in diluent, at least pigment particles are electrically charged;

nozzle configuration and one or more auxiliary electrodes and values of the first and second potentials choose to provide concentration of pigment particles in the target area and thus deposition certain amount of pigment particles in the target area, which has a higher concentration than the concentration of pigment particles in the ink.

In one embodiment, one or more auxiliary electrodes placed near the exit nozzle, placed coaxial around the electrode, educated nozzle.

Voltage sources have to maintain the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes at least equal to the difference between the exit nozzle and a carrier.

Preferably, sources of power have to maintain the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes in the range from 1 to 100 V

Voltage sources have to maintain the capacity of the auxiliary electrode for level, which mainly attracts charged nanoparticles, what is the potential of the nozzle.

Preferably, sources of power have to maintain a higher level of the potentials on the auxiliary electrode and nozzle than the ratio of the radius of the hole in the surface near the auxiliary electrode and the radius of the nozzle.

The present invention relates to a method for the separation and seal of pigment particles in the course of inkjet printing by combining electrophoretic and electrohydrodynamic effects, which are achieved by the application of non-linear and inhomogeneous focusing electric fields. Two objectives of such a process first is to ensure printing of small areas with high packing density of particles and secondly receive high-resolution images with low topological size. Private areas of use are printing of electronic components and circuits that require dense layers semiconductor nanoparticles. Embodiments of the invention disclosed in this application, in addition, include specific aspects of printing systems required for proper electric fields. These options are described with reference to two preferred option for practicing the invention.

For such use ink considered as consisting of two components, a pigment which consists of small particles, and diluent which constitutes a liquid consisting of a binder and solvent and any other appropriate liquid or soluble additives, such as surfactants, wetting funds or sikkativy. Preferably, pigment particles represent nanoparticles with the characteristic size from 1 nm to 1 micron, although you can use and large particles. When inkjet usually find that the pigment must be uniformly dispersed in diluent without agglomeration, and that the viscosity of the ink should be relatively low to prevent clogging the print nozzles.

As a rule, these considerations are incompatible with the properties of printing layers of electronic materials, which should be highly nano particles agglomerated to ensure the charge transfer between the individual particles. Therefore, additional treatment stage, such as agglomeration or pyrolysis of a binding material, to ensure appropriate communication between the particles. If the particles can be connected in the printing process and separate from most of the diluent, subsequent phases can be avoided and such elements may be directly printed. In the method and the device proposed in the present invention, this is achieved by a combination of electrophoresis to move a pigment and for the distribution of the liquid phase drops.

Brief description of drawings

1 shows a schematic sectional chart nozzles for spray ink in accordance with the first variant of the invention, including coaxial tubes;

figure 2 shows the schematic sectional chart nozzles for spray ink in accordance with the second variant of the invention, includes a single tube and associated needle electrode;

figure 3 shows a schematic illustration of the transistor control structure created using the principle of the invention;

figure 4 shows a graph that compares the characteristics of the source-drain transistor obtained by using the invention in a way, with characteristics similar transistor obtained without the use presented in the invention of a method;

figure 5 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the device jet printing in accordance with the option of carrying out the invention;

figure 6 shows a photograph of droplets of ink containing silicon nanoparticles deposited from a nozzle on a paper filter, electric potential, attached to the nozzle, in accordance with the principle of the invention and the method of level of technique.

Preferred embodiments of the invention

Although, as mentioned, electrophoretic deposition and inkjet printing is well known, but a combination of both methods in the same process is paradoxical and unusual to achieve this goal. The method is based on the fact that the pigment particles must carry a certain charge, and the diluent shall bear the opposite charge or remain neutral. These charges may be permanent or induced by the use of electric potentials during the printing process or power of the printhead.

In the situation where both particles and diluent are charged, the applied electric field will cause the absolute motion of particle and fluid. If the particles are charged and thinner, despite the fact that the electric field will not affect liquid thinner, solid all will feel on itself this influence. However, in both cases will be observed relative motion of both components with a concentration of pigment in a certain area. Preferably, the concentration of particles should be observed in the heart drops, directly in line with the axis of the nozzle for the release of ink. For this to happen, the electric field should have radial component in the space between the nozzle and the carrier. Therefore, depending on the charge of particles, the electric field should be divergent or convergent as we approach drops to the media. How this provision is achieved, described with reference to the following preferred embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 schematically shows the device in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, including the structure of the nozzle for the release of ink. The device includes tools (not shown in this drawing) for ejection of ink from the nozzle, which may use, for example, thermal or piezoelectric technology, as is well known to specialists in the field of inkjet printing. Ink, including liquid diluent 10 and nanoparticles pigment 12, print on the media 14. Nanoparticles pigment must carry a certain electric charge, which is negative for the goals pursued in this example. Liquid diluent may be neutral or carry a negative charge, which in this case is positive. Charge may be received as a result of natural division of charge in ink or can be induced by the application potential V 1 to the first internal tube 16 of two coaxial dielectric tubes 16 and 18. Tube 16 serves as an electrode determines the nozzle 20 of its lower end for submission of ink to the media.

Potential V 1 opposite charge nanoparticles and to the aim pursued in the example is positive. Believe that the media 14 forms plane that preferably has a capacity of land. This usually occurs when the device itself is conductive or consists of a thin dielectric material that is installed on conducting holder. In the case of thick layers of insulating media allow you to use a number of known methods to maintain a constant potential.

Second external coaxial tube 18, which extends under the lower end of the nozzle 20, support potential V 2 , and it serves as an electrode Wehnelt. Potential V 2 must be such as to repel charged nanoparticles, and in this case it is negative. In other modification of this variant of the invention, to create the electric field, besides, use a number of such coaxial electrodes. Alternatively, one of the electrodes has the form of a flat plate with a hole which is coaxial with respect to other electrodes, and is located between the carrier and the nozzle 20.

On the right half of figure 1 shows the potential and electric field arising in a similar situation. Immediately below the nozzle 20 electric field E 1 , which arose under the influence of the applied potential V 1 , lines up with the axis of the nozzle 20 and sent to the media and thus does not affect the trajectory of liquid ink, coming out of the nozzle, or nanoparticles pigments inside them. However, a short distance from the centre of particles undergo electrophoretic displacement in the direction of the nozzle axis due to the influence of transverse components of a divergent on the radius of the electric field E 2 , which arose under the influence of the applied potential V 2 . For the emergence of highly divergent electric field potential difference between V-2 and V 1 must be at least equal to the difference between the V 1 and bearer for the same distance. If the liquid diluent bears the opposite charge, he feels the electrohydrodynamic radial outward. The end result is the concentration of particles immediately under the nozzle with a much higher ratio of particle/diluent (or particle/binder), than in the original mixture of ink.

Thus, to the coaxial electrodes 16 and 18 shall make the opposite electrical potentials for the formation of a nonuniform electric field, which directs the pigment particles radially inward towards the center of the zone in print and focuses them with the help of technology, electrophoresis, while the liquid diluent simultaneously outward from the centre of the printing area. As can be seen from the examples, to provide intensive separation of motion of particles of the required electric fields order volt on microns. Consequently, the typical values of V 1 and V 2 will be in the range from 1 to 100 In and preferably in the range from 5 to 50 Century

In this embodiment, the electric field should penetrate through the media 14. Therefore, prefer relatively thin dielectric media. Needle electrode 24 may be the only component mounted on a stand, and moving mechanical means, following position the printhead, including nozzle 16. Alternatively, in the holes at fixed positions can mount the number of such electrodes and bringing their potentials. Another option is to preserve the fixed positions of the electrode and nozzle and ensuring the movement of the carrier. In all these cases is not necessary to use the connection plate 26 for simultaneous support of the media and the definition of its position and increasing convergence of the electric field in the print position. Alternatively, in the case of a thick layer media, the connection plate can be placed between the carrier and the nozzle. As shown, the backplane has a hole with a radius r 2 and the tip of the needle electrode 24 is located in the centre or near the center of this hole.

In this case, when negatively charged pigment particles 12 positively charged diluent 10 potentials V 1 and V 2 are positive, and V 2 preferably more V 1 , and the connection plate 26 support, given the potential of the earth. As in the first variant of the invention, the influence of electric field obtained in a similar way, is the samples in the electrophoretic displacement of the particles inside the center of the zone in print and action outer forces on the liquid phase, caused by the transverse component of a divergent electric field E 3 . As described in the following example, the option of carrying out the invention will function as foreseen, when all the potentials V 2 greater than or equal to the potential of the connection Board, however the second electrode will have more impact if the ratio of its magnitude (V 2 ) to the value (V 1 ) the first electrode is greater than the ratio of the radius of the hole (r 2 ) radius of the nozzle (r 1 ). Ideally, this relationship must be V 2 /V 1 >2r 2 /r 1 .

Simplified schematic diagram in figure 5, is not designed to scale shows the major components of a variant device inkjet presented in the invention. Figure 5 tank 40 contains a certain amount of ink 42, which include liquid diluent 10 and nanoparticles pigment 12, as described above. Tank 40 connected nozzle 20, some of the lower end of the conductive inner tube 16, surrounded by a coaxial cable of the external tube 18 as described above with reference to figure 1. In internal tube 16 is piezoelectric or thermal actuator 44, connected with the control scheme 46 through Windows Explorer 48. Manner known to the specialists, short electric impulse is transmitted to the actuator 44, causing instant deformation (in the case of a piezoelectric actuator) or heating and evaporation of a small amount of liquid diluent 10 ink (in the case of thermal actuator) and thus the emission drops 50 ink from the nozzle 20 defined by the open end of the tube 16.

As can only be increased detail in figure 5, the distribution of nanoparticles pigment 12 in the liquid diluent 10 is essentially homogeneous, and thus the distribution of nanoparticles inside drops of 50, as it appears from the nozzle, essentially homogeneously. However, due to the influence of electric fields, educated potentials V 1 and V 2 , attached to the tubes of 16 and 18, respectively, from the corresponding voltage sources, nanoparticles pigment 12 concentrate towards the center of the drops as it is falling, as shown in falling drop of 52.

Example 1

In the prior example modeled the impact of the inclusion of electrophoresis in the process of inkjet printing with the use of separate drops deposited manually on control structure, as shown in figure 3. The structure was formed on 30 media, including polymethylmethacrylate, and took the form of a field-effect transistor (FET Field Effect Transistor), has electrode source 32, electrode flow 34 and electrode shutter 36, deposited onto a thin dielectric layer 38.

To create the structure of the transistor were obtained diluted viscous ink without a binder by the dispersion of nanoparticles of silicon triple distillation. Silicon nanoparticles were obtained grinding in accordance with the process described in a patent application, South Africa 2008/02727, entitled "Method for obtaining stable oxygen semiconductor nanoparticles". To ensure charge on the particles, was attached to the potential difference in the three volts between the electrodes of the source and shutter. Electrophoretic particle displacement in the direction of the positive electrode showed that the charge on the particles was negative.

Figure 4 shows the characteristics of the source-drain two transistors (i.e. identical transistors, obtained with the applied potential, and without him in the process of deposition) for different applied potentials shutter. The lower curve is constructed for the transistor, obtained without application potentials and the upper curve - for the transistor, obtained in accordance with the method offered in the invention.

The first major difference is that the electric current drain-source in the transistor containing condensed nanoparticles, more than ten thousand times greater than the corresponding currents in the layer besieged without applied electric field. Secondly, such an increase was observed in current drain-source that has been diverted application bias voltage on the gate.

Example 2

Was created macroscopic model described above, the second option of carrying out the invention with the purpose of research electrophoretic and electrohydrodynamic effects during the deposition of droplets. In this model steel needle 23 caliber (0.6 mm), which represents a single tube 16 figure 2, was 1.5 mm above the solid aluminum rear wall, supported at a potential of land. This configuration is equivalent to fixing the potential V 2 on the sub needle electrode 24 and substrate 26 at a potential of land. Therefore, the resulting electric field was homogeneous along the axis of the nozzle and was defeated at radial distances larger than the radius of the nozzle to actually more reminding the configuration of the field, shown in figure 1, than in figure 2.

Diluted ink low viscosity without a binder were obtained dispersion of nanoparticles of silicon triple distillation. Silicon nanoparticles were obtained grinding silicon p-type in accordance with the process described in a patent application, South Africa 2008/02727, entitled "Method for obtaining stable oxygen semiconductor nanoparticles". The bad absorbing media, such as plain office paper, the drops of one size deposited under this system, remain in liquid form within a few tens of minutes, making it possible redistribution of component parts in the ink. Therefore, to examine the distribution of material deposition of droplets rather than a separation of movement nanopowder silicon in a stationary fluid on the media is used as a material carrier of filter paper with a high absorption capacity.

Application of negative potential in 1.5 kV to the needle during the deposition induced as electrohydrodynamic impact on liquid thinner and electrophoretic movement of nanoparticles of silicon relatively liquid. Both these impacts are illustrated in figure 6, which is a photo of dried droplets of ink, deposited with the application of an electric field and without it. Without the application of an electric field drop (1) is large, and besieged material evenly distributed. When the needle is attached to an electric potential, aqueous diluent and, consequently, a drop attracted to the media, which leads to the formation of smaller drops the needle tip. However, more importantly, the radial component of the electric field causes electrophoretic motion of particles in a drop during the deposition and concentration of solid material in the heart drops (2).

Due to the large size of the experimental model of the needle and have put a high electric potential in comparison with that required in two variants of the invention. Nominal electric field strength required for electrophoretic motion of particles in both examples, is of the order of 1 kV/mm At scaling up the actual sizes of the two embodiments of the invention will require potential difference between V-2 and V 1 and land in the range from 1 to 100 In and preferably in the range from 5 to 50 Century

1. Method of applying ink to the media, including: making inks containing liquid thinner and pigment particles dispersed in diluent, with at least pigment particles are electrically charged; the application of the first the capacity of the output nozzle for ink; the application for at least a second potential to one or more auxiliary electrodes, located near the exit nozzle; release of droplets of ink from the output nozzle towards the target zone on the media, and one or more auxiliary electrodes placed with the possibility of application of an electric field to a drop of ink, coming out of the nozzle, and the configuration of the output nozzle, one or more auxiliary electrodes and the value of the first and second potentials choose the software electrophoretic concentration of pigment particles in towards the center of the ink drops emerging from nozzle, as its fall, and thus deposition certain amount of pigment particles in the target zone with a higher concentration than the concentration of pigment particles in the ink.

2. The method according to claim 1 in which the pigment particles are standing charge.

3. The method according to claim 1 in which the pigment particles are induced charge.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein use the attached potentials for the emergence of a radial, inward electrophoretic movement pigment during the deposition process to ensure concentration of pigment particles in the direction of the center of a drop of ink and, respectively, in the target area.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein use the attached potentials for generating forces on the liquid diluent ink droplets for the dispersion of liquid diluent from the target zone.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more auxiliary electrodes near the exit nozzle located coaxially around the electrode, educated nozzle.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the media support in certain capacity of the release of droplets of ink from the nozzle in the direction of the target zone.

8. The method according to claim 7, in which media support the potential of the land.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes at least equal to the difference between the exit nozzle and a carrier.

10. The method of claim 9, in which the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes is in the range from 1 to 100 V

11. The method according to claim 1, comprising the location of at least one auxiliary electrode for carrier on a common axis with the electrode, formed by a nozzle.

12. The method according to claim 11, in which the use substrate for the media, which support certain capacity.

13. The method according to paragraph 12, in which the substrate support capacity of the earth.

14. The method according to paragraph 12, in which the substrate is placed by the carrier, and the media is placed in between the nozzle and the substrate.

15. The method according to paragraph 12, in which the substrate is placed between the carrier and the nozzle.

16. The method according to claim 11, in which the nozzle and mentioned at least one auxiliary electrode for carrier perform moving relative to the carrier, and the movement of the nozzle and at least one auxiliary electrode is synchronized.

17. The method according to claim 11, in which a number of electrodes and corresponding holes in the substrate support in absolutely fixed positions.

18. The method according to claim 11, in which the nozzle and auxiliary electrodes support in a fixed position and media moves relative to them.

19. The method according to paragraph 12, in which the potential of the auxiliary electrode support level, which mainly attracts charged nanoparticles, what is the potential of the nozzle.

20. The method according to .19 in which the potentials on the auxiliary electrode and nozzle support at a higher level than the ratio of the radius of the hole in the surface near the auxiliary electrode and the radius of the nozzle.

21. Device for applying the ink on the substrate, including: nozzle, forming the output for ink, and at least part of the nozzle is made of conductive; the first source voltage for the application of the first potential output nozzle; one or more auxiliary electrodes placed near the exit nozzle with the possibility of application of an electric field to a drop of ink, coming out of the nozzle; a second voltage source for the application of the second potential to one or more auxiliary electrode; means for the disposal of droplets of ink from the nozzle in the direction of the target zone on the media containing liquid thinner and pigment particles dispersed in a solvent, with at least pigment particles are electrically charged, the configuration of the nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes and the value of the first and second potentials chosen with the possibility of providing electrophoretic concentration of pigment particles in the direction of the centre of ink drops emerging from nozzle as its fall, and thus deposition certain amount of pigment particles in the target zone with a higher concentration than the concentration of pigment particles in the ink.

22. The device according to item 21, in which one or more auxiliary electrodes near the exit nozzle placed coaxial around the electrode, educated nozzle.

23. The device according to article 22, in which sources of voltage placed to maintain the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes at least equal to the difference between the exit nozzle and a carrier.

24. The device 23, in which sources of voltage placed to maintain the potential difference between the output nozzle and one or more auxiliary electrodes in the range from 1 to 100 V

25. The device according to item 21, including at least one auxiliary electrode is located behind the nozzle, on the common axis with the electrode, educated nozzle, so that the media is between nozzle and at least one used the auxiliary electrode.

26. The device according to section 25, in which the substrate used for the media, which support certain capacity.

27. The device .26, in which sources of voltage placed for maintaining capacity of the auxiliary electrode for level, which mainly attracts charged nanoparticles, what is the potential of the nozzle.

28. The device according to item 27, in which sources of voltage placed to ensure the maintenance of potentials on the auxiliary electrode and nozzle at a higher level than the ratio of the radius of the hole in the surface near the auxiliary electrode and the radius of the nozzle.