Resonance slotted waveguide antenna. RU patent 2504873.

IPC classes for russian patent Resonance slotted waveguide antenna. RU patent 2504873. (RU 2504873):

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Waveguide line, on one wall of which there are radiating elements and at the end of which there is a tuning element, includes phase-shifting devices mounted between radiating elements and between a radiating element and the tuning element, and communication elements connected to the waveguide, wherein the phase-shifting devices change the phase of the transmitted microwave signal in a wide range depending on its power level.

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: waveguide line, on one wall of which there are radiating elements and at the end of which there is a tuning element, includes phase-shifting devices mounted between radiating elements and between a radiating element and the tuning element, and communication elements connected to the waveguide, wherein the phase-shifting devices change the phase of the transmitted microwave signal in a wide range depending on its power level.

EFFECT: wide operating frequency range without deterioration of the directivity index and matching the antenna while maintaining the direction of the main directional lobe, as well as low cost and high technological effectiveness.

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The invention relates to the antenna technology and can be used when creating antenna systems in the radionavigation and radiolocation.

When creating a variety of radionavigation (radar) devices task is to create antennas operating in two different bands, such as antennas secondary radar systems intended for air traffic control, and in one range is transmitted signal, another party. The antenna must have a small weight, low cost and high manufacturability and withstand heavy mechanical loads. These are the properties of resonant waveguide-slotted antenna, made on the basis of waveguides, resonators or strip line. (Antennas and microwave device. .., .., ... Edited by Professor ... M., Radio and communication, 1994.).

So, in a remote analogue of the claimed invention - resonant waveguide-slot antenna containing the rectangular waveguide in one of walls of which are made emitting slit, and short-circuited the piston, located at the end of the antenna, the distance between the slits multiple of half of length of a wave in a waveguide. (VHF antenna. .3., .., ... H. 2. M., Communication, 1977.) is provided by a low weight, low cost, high manufacturability.

However, this antenna is inherent drawback: since each gap separately) is not agreed with waveguide, all reflected from the cracks waves are at the antenna input reflection coefficient system becomes large. This mismatch can be compensated at the antenna input using the settings (usually short piston), but when small changes in the frequency coordination broken and, therefore, the antenna will remain narrowband. (Antennas and microwave device. .., .., ... Edited by Professor ... M., Radio and communication, 1994.). And when you change the frequency of changing not only the coordination of the antenna, but other parameters. At frequencies other than the resonance, the distance between the emitters is not equal to half the wavelength and therefore cracks in antenna excited unevenly and that leads to a distortion of the beam. Extension of the strip is possible by reducing the number of gaps (VHF Antenna. .3., .., ... H. 2. M., Communication, 1977.), but this inevitably leads to the increase of width of the main directional lobe, which is highly undesirable. Wide directivity diagram does not provide high resolution angular coordinates, and to provide the required service area, increase the width of the main directional lobe leads to the need to increase the power output of the transmitter, increases the sensitivity of the receiving equipment. All this leads to significant complication of the entire product and to increase its value. In addition, it is impossible to provide approval if the antenna is designed to work in two widely separated by frequency bands.

More close analog chosen as a prototype due to the similarity of the performed technical problem is waveguide-slit antenna (.. USSR №1171887, H01Q 13/10,1985), containing the rectangular waveguide in one of walls of which are made emitting slit, the causative agent of fashion Hoi, absorbing load resonator installed outside a rectangular waveguide and connected with it bore communications, semiconductor switch installed inside a rectangular waveguide between the absorbing load and the last radiating slit on the distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength in a rectangular waveguide, corresponding to the position of the beam along the normal to the axis of the antenna, detector, housed in a three-dimensional cavity, and amplifier limiter, the detector, power limiter and a semiconductor switch connected in series.

This antenna has more broad wave-band, as the antenna is consistent not only at the frequency corresponding to the position of the beam along the normal to the axis of the antenna, but at other frequencies, but if you change the frequency changes the direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern. This makes it impossible to use the antenna to solve the problems of providing health systems secondary radar. In secondary radar systems to ensure their performance need to antenna at different frequencies, at least, had one and the same direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern.

The technical result of the invention - expansion of operating frequency range without worsening of the directed action and coordination of the antenna while maintaining the direction of the main directional lobe, as well as low cost and high technology.

This technical result is achieved by the line, on one of the walls which are radiating elements, and at the end - setting item, introduced devices installed between the radiating elements and between the radiating element and the element settings, and device in a wide range change the phase of the transmitted microwave signal depending on the level of its capacity.

There are devices that use difference when working power levels of incoming microwave signals (Lebedev I.V., A.S., Merchant E.I. Solid-state microwave limiters problems and solutions (review). Izv. universities MB and SSO USSR. Electronics, 1985, V.28, n 10). However, these devices perform or protection of receiving devices from a powerful signal (microwave delimiters), or accession (switch) input device to one of its outputs (for example, switches reception - transmission), i.e. perform a technical task.

There are devices that change in wide limits phase passing microwave signal (microwave phasers and switches. Features of creation of the p-i-n diodes in the integrated design. G.S., I.B., Serebryakova EA - M, Radio and communications, 1984). However, in all known phase-shifting devices phase change occurs not due to the difference in levels of passing power, and by the external Manager's low-frequency signal and does not depend on the level of passing power. The use of external managers of low-frequency signals for reception of necessary phase shift passing microwave signal leads to the increase of mass and size parameters, increase energy consumption, reduction of reliability, deterioration of technology, increase the cost of the antenna.

Hence, the above design features of these devices or applied in it for any other purpose or lead to the increase of mass and size parameters, increase energy consumption, reduction of reliability, i.e. they may not provide the work of the waveguide-slot resonant antenna at two different frequencies while maintaining a low cost and highly flexible antenna.

It allows to make a conclusion on compliance of the claimed invention, the criterion of patentability of «inventive step».

Figure 1 shows the proposed waveguide-slit antenna.

Waveguide-slit antenna contains line 1, on one of the walls which are radiating elements 2, at the end of a surge line is setting item 3 (closed piston) and device 4, set in between the radiating elements 2 and device 5 between the radiating element 2 element and settings 3 (squirrel-cage piston), and related waveguide 1 elements of communication 6.

Waveguide-slit antenna operates in the following way. For definiteness, we consider the work of waveguide-slot antenna with longitudinal slots (radiating elements 2), located on one side of the centre line of the wide side of the waveguide 1. device 4, 5 can be performed in various ways, for example, the diagram of passing Phaser on SHF diodes. (SHF phasers and switches. Features of creation of the p-i-n diodes in the integrated design. G.S., I.B., Serebryakova EA - M, «Radio and communications, 1984, p.25). A characteristic feature of the proposed phase shifter from phasers, described in this work, «microwave phasers and switches. Features of creation of the p-i-n diodes in the integrated design. G.S., I.B., Serebryakova EA - M, Radio and communications, 1984., is the lack of control circuits and the mandatory use as switching elements limiting diodes (type 2557 and others) instead of switching diodes (type 2542 and others). This type device 4, 5 can be joined with a waveguide 1 communication elements 6, made, for example, in the form of probe transitions. (Lens design, scanning, full-range antennas and feeder devices. Zhuk-MS and .Б. Meters, Energy, 1973, C. 406).

Consider the transfer mode. In transmit mode, the antenna receives the signal of high power at a certain frequency. When passing a signal of high power (transmission mode) diodes in phase-shifting devices 4, 5, associated with a waveguide 1 communication elements 6, under the influence of powerful RF signal (without an external signal control) are opened. device 4 (Salmo Phaser) with open diodes provides for the frequency of transmission at this distance between the radiating elements 2 phase shift equal to 360 degrees. When the phase shifts between the radiating elements 2 is equal to 360 degrees radiating elements 2 (gap) initiated in phase, which corresponds to the direction of maximum radiation is normal to the axis of the antenna. device 5, installed between the radiating element 2 element and settings 3, gives the phase shift that is required to compensate for misalignment at the antenna input. The direction of the main directional lobe transfer mode normal to the axis of the antenna.

Consider the receive mode. In receive mode on the antenna receives the signal of low power with frequency different from the frequency of a signal in transmit mode. When passing a signal of low power (receive mode) diodes in phase-shifting devices 4 closed. Passing Phaser closed diodes provides the phase shift at the reception, other than transmission frequency and at a given distance between the radiating elements 2 phase difference signal on these elements is also equal to 360 degrees. When the phase shifts between the radiating elements 2 is equal to 360 degrees RF signals radiating elements 2 (cracks) as well as in the mode of transmission, are synchronous. The direction of the main directional lobe in receive mode also normal to the axis of the antenna.

device 5, installed between the radiating element 2 element and settings 3, gives the phase shift that is required to compensate for misalignment at the antenna input.

Choosing the phase shifts, which gives device 5 in both (transmit and receive), you can compensate for misalignment at the input of the antenna in the transmission mode and receive mode. Thus there is an additional degree of adjustment due to selection of the phase changes in this device 5.

Thus, the proposed waveguide-slit antenna operates in two different frequency bands without deterioration of coordination and coefficient of directed action, the direction of the main directional lobe in both modes equally (normally axis antenna), and also has a low cost and high adaptability to manufacture first of all, because there are no external control low-frequency signals for reception of necessary phase shift passing of microwave signals, the need and the use of which leads to the increase of mass and size parameters, increase energy consumption, reduction of reliability, deterioration of technology, increase the cost of the antenna

Waveguide-slit antenna, with other radiating elements 2, for example, made in the form of longitudinal slits, located on either side of the centre line of the wide side of the waveguide 1, transverse cracks and other works similarly. Additionally, in a waveguide-slot antenna is often used rocket vibrators to obtain the longitudinal component of the field. Jet vibrator is a metal rod, screwed in a waveguide (VHF Antenna. .3., .., ... H. 2. M., Communication, 1977.). In this case, the additional use of the rod as a communication elements 6 for phase-shifting device 4, 5, while retaining the possibility of individual adjustment radiating element 3.

device 4 can be performed not only in the scheme of passing Phaser, but other schemes (Antennas and microwave device. ... M., Vysshaya SHKOLA, 1988.).

An additional positive result of this technical solution is that the distance between the radiating elements 3 can be not a multiple of half of length of a wave in a waveguide. This allows you to create antenna with certain parameters (level near or distant lateral petals etc)

You can also create a waveguide-slot antenna is not only the rectangular waveguide, but on the other transmission lines, for example the strip. (Antennas and microwave device. .., .., ... Edited by Professor ... M., Radio and communication, 1994.).

Use of this invention allows you to create a waveguide-a slot antenna with a wide working range of frequencies without deterioration of coordination and to preserve the low cost and high technology.

Waveguide-slit antenna containing line, on one of the walls which are radiating elements, setting item located at the tip of the surge line, characterized in that introduced device, set in between the radiating elements, as well as device fitted between the radiating element and the element settings, and associated with a waveguide elements of the device in a wide range change the phase of the transmitted microwave signal depending on the level of its capacity.