Shallow tunnel in soft water-saturated ground conditions. RU patent 2504618.

IPC classes for russian patent Shallow tunnel in soft water-saturated ground conditions. RU patent 2504618. (RU 2504618):

E02D29/045 -

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Section of pedestrian underpass / 2493327
Section of a pedestrian underpass comprises a bearing shell of a double-row tunnel with pedestrian roads, and also a unit of bearing shell unloading from power stresses. The bearing shell of the double-row tunnel includes two metal pipes formed by cylindrical surfaces of rotation of identical radius, and the pipes are arranged in parallel to each other, and also includes a support concrete slab arranged in the lower part of metal pipes and rigidly connected to them, and this slab forms pedestrian roads in the lower part of metal pipes and is equipped with metal insulation on the upper section between metal pipes fixed to the latter. Side walls of the specified metal pipes of the bearing shell that face each other are each made at least with two openings communicating cavities of metal pipes between each other. The specified unit of the bearing shell unloading from power stresses includes concrete pylons with side walls, formed by cylindrical surfaces of rotation with curve equal to curve of metal pipes, arranged at the ends of the latter, and at least one concrete pylon in the middle part of metal pipes between the specified openings in their side walls and coupled with the latter, and also comprises an arched spacer metal belt formed by the cylindrical surface of rotation, arranged symmetrically at both sides between both metal pipes in their upper part and rigidly fixed by their longitudinal edges with side walls of both metal pipes. Concrete pylons are equipped with metal insulation coupled with their end walls and upper side walls and fixed to metal pipes, and are rigidly connected to the specified support concrete slab, the specified arched spacer metal belt and side walls of metal pipes, forming together with them a solid frame.

Method for underground structure erection / 2489550
Method for underground structure erection includes arrangement of walls in soil along the pit contour, stage-by-stage soil excavation, arrangement of a slab with support against walls and dismountable inventory structures, concreting of a foundation slab, with subsequent erection of capital vertical bearing structures, fixation of slabs on them and dismantling of inventory structures. Between walls arranged along the pit contour in soil they first partially excavate soil, then an inventory structure is installed with a support against soil and walls. A slab is arranged with support against the inventory structure and walls, afterwards soil under the inventory structure is extracted. Additional struts are mounted into a thrust between walls and units of the inventory structure, afterwards the remaining part of the pit soil is excavated, the foundation slab is concreted. Then the bearing vertical walls and/or pillars are installed, the slab is rested against them, and inventory structures and struts are dismantled.

Method for construction of underground structure / 2486318
Method for construction of an underground structure includes formation of two rows of fencing elements in soil between the erected structure and the existing one, and one of these rows is made in the form of an interlocking fence for the depth that is not less than the depth of the erected structure, and assembly of the erected structure under protection of the fencing elements. The second fencing element is installed along the external contour of the erected structure and is also made in the form of the interlocking fence for the depth equal to the depth of the first fencing element, and as the soil is being mined, the fencing elements are tightened with each other by anchors, at the same time the anchors are arranged at different angles to the planes of the fencing elements.

Method to erect section of adjacency between running tunnel of subway line under construction and running tunnel of existing line / 2460848
Method to erect a section of adjacency between a running tunnel of a subway line under construction to a running tunnel of an existing line includes erection of adjacency structures by making vertical walls from secant bored piles of the tunnel of the line under construction at both sides of existing tunnels, mining a pit with soil excavation, installation of struts from steel pipes with the possibility to ensure their resting against walls from secant bored piles, erection of a solid embracing cover with the possibility to ensure its resting in indents arranged on erected walls from secant bored piles, and with dismantling of a vertical wall of tunnel lining of an existing line at the side where a line under construction adjoins. Upon erection of a solid embracing cover, inside the tunnel of the existing line at the side where the tunnel of the line under construction adjoins, indents are cut in a track concrete with a rated pitch along axes of sleepers with width of more or equal to 650 mm, length equal to the width of the existing running tunnel and depth to the top of reinforcement frames of the tunnel tray. On the bottom of the indents a strengthening reinforcement is installed with length to the walls from secant bored piles, as well as a metal insulation along the indent width, which is rigidly joined with a tray by means of anchors with a pitch of 500 mm with subsequent concreting with the possibility to ensure shoulders for welding to the sheets of metal insulation of the adjacent indent. Metal insulation is brought out to the walls from secant bored piles with subsequent closure of insulation along the inner contour of adjacency and erection of a protective wall along the metal insulation. Then the track concrete is laid, as well as a rail sleeper grid on the adjacency section, afterwards backfilling with sand soil is carried out.

Underground facility lining / 2457332
Underground facility lining has a spatial reinforced woven frame corresponding to an underground facility contour and concrete. At the same time the spatial reinforced woven frame comprises closed external and internal contours connected to each other by two external circular elements. Besides, the frame also comprises internal solid partitions forming tight chambers, where internal partitions with arranged holes are located. Tight chambers are equipped with valves connected to the inside of the underground facility. Besides, for each tight chamber one valve is installed for filling with air, and the other one - for its filling with concrete. The spatial reinforced woven frame may be arranged from a waterproof high-strength fabric reinforced with aramide fibres.

Method to construct multistorey underground structures under complicated engineering-geological conditions / 2417285
Method to construct multistorey underground structures in weak water-saturated soils in districts of existing development, including arrangement of vertical walls, arrangement of floor ceilings and subsequent removal of soil from the foundation pit, differing by the fact that position of vertical walls is reliably fixed in their lower part with a concrete diaphragm laid at the bottom of the foundation pit without extraction of soil; in the upper part the vertical walls are fixed with spreader beams laid onto soil foundation at the elevation of upper ceiling of the structure along the external contour of the foundation pit, and a frame installed along the external contour of the foundation pit onto soil foundation also at the elevation of the upper ceiling; spreader beams, in their turn, are supported with a system of horizontal longitudinal and transverse beams, which are mounted at the level of the ceiling, afterwards the soil mass is removed from the foundation pit to the elevation of the ceiling of the lower floor; at the level of the lower floor the similar technological operations are carried out to arrange spreader beams and a system of longitudinal and transverse beams that support spreader beams; afterwards the soil mass is removed to the level of the ceiling of the next floor below, and all technological operations are repeated; finally the soil mass is removed from the foundation pit to the diaphragm that closes the foundation pit bottom, afterwards the diaphragm surface is levelled, and ceilings are assembled, in the "bottom-up" order.

Lining of underground structure from reinforced metal blocks / 2378456
Lining of underground structure from reinforced metal blocks comprises internal metal insulation with stiffening ribs and concrete. Reinforced metal blocks are made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, which consists of metal sheet, working armature rods welded to it with length by 20 mm less than length of metal sheet and stiffening ribs in the form of two or more diagonal metal trusses, upper belt tops of which are located in the same plane, and armature lattice made of longitudinal armature rods, with number equal to doubled number of trusses and cross armature rods with pitch equal to pitch of truss diagonal, at the same time tops of upper belts of trusses serve as support elements for fixation of armature lattice on them, and arranged so that metal sheet, welded working armature rods, diagonal trusses and longitudinal rod armature of lattice fixed on tops of truss upper belts, create lower and upper diaphragms of vertical rigidity of reinforced metal block, transverse armature of grid creates upper diaphragm of horizontal rigidity, and metal sheet - its lower diaphragm. Length of longitudinal rods of lattice exceeds length of metal sheet on each side by value 1, and created extensions of longitudinal rods are bent according to radius, equal to distance between metal sheet and armature lattice h, and from one side at least half inserted into tubular cartridges with length of 10-20 diametres of armature rods, which are bent in the form of knee along the same radius as longitudinal armature rods, having holes in middle part of length for filling of fast-hardening cement-sand solution and equipped with fastening bolts. Cross rods of armature lattice, length of which on each side is equal to width of metal sheet, on one side at least half inserted into tubular straight cartridges, equipped with fastening bolts and holes in a manner similar to bent cartridges. Exceeding of length of longitudinal rods of lattice over length of metal sheet 1 is identified using given dependence.

Method for reinforcement and device for reinforcement of structure from corrugated steel sheets / 2378455
Method for reinforcement of structure from corrugated steel sheets with application of shell located on surface of corrugated steel sheet, in which the following stages are executed: stage of anchor bolt installation, in which hole is created for insertion of anchor bolt on surface of corrugated steel sheet, and anchor bolt is installed in hole for insertion of anchor bolt so that upper end of anchor bolt protrudes over surface of corrugated steel sheet by specified height. Stage of armature rod installation, in which armature rod is fixed to anchor bolt, which protrudes over surface of corrugated steel sheet, with application of wire sections. Stage of curb assembly, in which curb is attached to anchor bolt with application of nut so that armature rod located over surface of corrugated steel sheet is closed with this curb. Stage of concrete filling, in which concrete is filled inside curb arranged on surface of corrugated steel sheet. Stage of curb dismantling, in which curb is removed after concrete filled inside this curb hardens. Besides on stage of curb assembly, the following operations are carried out: placement of seal between curb arranged on surface of corrugated steel sheet and mentioned surface of corrugated steel sheet, and reinforcement of curb arranged on surface of corrugated steel sheet, using support rod, at opposite ends of which there are areas with internal thread, onto which according fastening nuts are screwed.

Formwork for constructing reinforcing covering of construction made from corrugated steel plates / 2375523
Invention refers to construction industry, and namely to formwork for developing reinforcing covering of the construction made from corrugated steel plates. That formwork installed on one surface of corrugated steel plate and forming the reinforcing covering after inner space of formwork is filled with concrete and hardening of the filled concrete, which contains a lot of individual formworking panels, each of which includes rectangular front part of the panel and two side parts of the panel, which are made as an integral part of front panel part and located along opposite edges of the above front part throughout its length; at that, a lot of individual formworking panels are attached in series to corrugated steel plate by means of many anchor bolts and nuts along external surface of corrugated steel plate in its longitudinal direction.

Method of constructing tunnel under traffic arteries for organising traffic intersections at cross-roads / 2375522
Invention refers to underground construction and can be used for building large tunnels under traffic arteries for organising traffic intersections at cross-roads, as well as at railway crossings. Method of constructing tunnel for organising traffic intersections at cross-roads, which are formed with traffic arteries located at one and the same level, involves horizontal drilling performed in series and in steps by pre-installing a portal frame with conductor guides along external outline of tunnel for drilling leading wells of small diametre. The method is implemented so that after drilling of leading wells is completed, the end of the boring tool of small diametre is connected to the end of boring tool of large diametre, which is placed in casing pipe. Boring tool of large diametre is moved in the leading well after the boring tool of small diametre together with casing pipe, which is left in the well after drilling is completed, and boring tools are removed. After the required number of casing pipes is fixed along the outline of portal frames, soil is removed from cavity and it is filled with concrete mixture. In secondary traffic artery, by using slurry wall method, there reinforced are installation places of portal frames and ramps are made, which provide the access to organisation of works on construction of tunnel under the main traffic artery. Then upper tunnel covering is installed, after that, side tunnel walls are made by means of the above described method, then wall in the soil which covers tunnel portal is demolished, and soil is removed from the whole internal space of tunnel.

Method of underground structure erection / 2245427
Method involves building enclosing walls, two-stage foundation pit excavation, wherein the first stage includes anchoring of enclosing walls with cross-pieces; and assembling frame. Additionally installed within contour defined by enclosing walls is sheet-pile enclosure. Cross-pieces are arranged between enclosing walls and sheet-pile enclosure. The first stage of foundation pit excavation is performed in thrust support between enclosing walls and sheet-pile enclosure and then contour frame members are mounted in developed pit area. The second stage of foundation pit excavation includes developing inner pit part after which frame erection is completed.

Shallow tunnel formed in permafrost ground / 2275471
Tunnel comprises trench in which load-bearing enclosing structure partly submersed in ground below natural ground surface is arranged. The enclosing structure defines space for transport passage structure location. Nonfrost-susceptible ground layer is arranged under the passage structure. Total height of the nonfrost-susceptible ground layer between passage structure bottom and lower trench surface is to be not less than season thawing depth. Ground prism is created above natural ground surface having axis coinciding with tunnel axis. Width B of ground prism determined along trench top, ground prism width Bp, ground prism height he at edges thereof and ground prism height ha along structure axis are determined from given correlations.

Shallow tunnel formed in permafrost ground / 2275472
Tunnel comprises trench in which load-bearing enclosing structure partly submersed in ground below natural ground surface is arranged. The enclosing structure defines space for transport passage structure location. Tunnel built in permafrost ground comprises longitudinal embankment having axis coinciding with longitudinal tunnel axis and defining combination of trapeze and triangle located above trapeze in cross-section. Triangle base coincides with upper trapeze base. Above load-bearing enclosing structure is arranged within the bounds of longitudinal embankment and back-filling ground below natural ground surface and may partly project over the embankment and back-filling ground. Nonfrost-susceptible ground layer is arranged under the passage structure. Total height of the nonfrost-susceptible ground layer between passage structure bottom and lower trench surface is to be not less than season thawing depth. Width B thereof is determined along trench top. Trapeze height ht, maximal ground embankment height he along passage structure axis, upper trapeze base width Bu, total ground embankment width Be are determined from given correlations.

Method of tunnel piercing under railway embankment / 2339767
Invention refers to underground excavations and can be used for big-section transport tunneling under railway embankments as well as for conduit pipes' construction under railway embankments. Method of tunnel piercing under railway embankment includes boring of a number of wells along the outline of tunnel being constructed with subsequent concreting and soil removal from outline resulted from boring process. Wells are bored step by step in horizontal plane, with portal frames with conductor guides preinstalled on two sides of embankment slopes along their external outline. Leading small well is bored by means of determining boring direction by hole provided in conductor. After the leading well is bored, end of small boring tool is hinged to end of big boring tool arranged in casing pipe. Big boring tool moves in leading well behind small boring tool together with casing pipe, which is installed in well after boring is completed, and boring tools are removed. After required number of casing pipes is installed along outline of portal frames, soil is removed from their cavity and they are filled with concrete mix. Soil is removed from outline formed by continuous rows of casing pipes along the whole section and throughout the length of tunnel.

Earthquake-proof tunnel / 2353731
Invention is related to construction of tunnels and may be used in creation of earthquake-proof tunnel design. Earthquake-proof tunnel consists of rigidly fixed metal and elastic, for instance, rubber, elements installed one after another, at that elastic elements are made of two types: autonomous longitudinal rectangular in shape, equal in length to metal element and in width also equal to width of metal element with symmetrically arranged holes in number equal to number of fixtures in metal elements of tunnel and round in external diametre equal to external diametre of tunnel and by thickness that makes 1.618 of metal element end height and holes with identical pitch, which are located in transverse plane and along axis of elastic element symmetry and in number equal to number of fixtures installed in metal elements of tunnel. At the middle of every half-wave of average length of earthquakes wave observed in this area, under their maximums compensators are installed, which consist of elastic material with length of 1.618 Lm, where Lm is longitudinal size of metal element arranged in the form of ring with symmetrically installed holes in its ends with identical pitch at ring end surface, and two springs are installed inside these holes: one compression spring of the largest diametre, and inside of it - tension spring with two horizontal threaded ends fixed by nuts on opposite ends of tunnel metal elements with a close fit. Similar springs are installed also in holes of autonomous longitudinal rectangular elastic elements.

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: shallow transport tunnel in soft water-saturated ground is formed by waterproof lining. Tunnel lining is a superstructure supported by piles installed in soft ground with a definite pitch. Pile ends rest on lower layer of ground base with high strength properties. Inertia and braking loads are absorbed by additional cross-links formed by ties with ground anchors buried in underlying ground layer with high strength properties.

EFFECT: stress and deformation stabilisation in soft ground base, enhanced reliability of shallow tunnel structures.

2 cl, 2 dwg

The invention relates to the construction, rather, to the construction of tunnels.

Known deep tunnels, which lay at the weak upper layers of the sustainable soils at great depths (A.N. , A.B. Fadeev, Underground constructions of industrial and civil construction. Ed. Kazan University, 1993, p.30, 2.11). Design of deep tunnels and construction technology is well known and successfully used now. However, the construction of deep tunnels requires much labour and materials, in addition the relationship of deep tunnels with the surface by using escalators or lifts, which are complex mechanisms, the reliability of which can be ensured only costly operation. Power supply systems and ventilation of deep tunnels also represent a complex and rather expensive system.

Also known tunnels shallow A.N. , A.B. Fadeev, Underground constructions of industrial and civil construction, Ed. Kazan University, 1993, p.31, .2.13). Tunnels shallow represent less complex underground structures, for the operation of such tunnels are not required escalators and powerful ventilation systems, in addition, expands the scope of application of the tunnels, not only the possible construction of the metro tunnels, but tunnels for the high-speed tram, motor transport, and also for device communication tunnels.

However, the city, which apply the tunnels, as a rule, are located in close proximity to water bodies. The coast and the areas adjacent to them, educated strata of the weak water-saturated soils with low strength often under the influence of vibration and dynamic loads , , lose their strength and are easily deformed.

Thus, we can conclude that the construction of transport tunnels shallow is the most promising direction in only at the decision of problems of stability of the Foundation.

Currently to improve the sustainability of soil there are various versions: freezing, backfill (injection of cement, bitumen, synthetic skol etc).

However, the freeze has a high cost, significantly increases labor costs and may not be held for a long time for the entire period of operation of the facility, and backfill has a local effect and powerful layers of weak soils can not be used. The closest design solution that can solve the problem of reliability of tunnels shallow, is to design a skeleton of a building, erected near existing buildings (Rospatent's Decision to grant a patent under the application №2009129347/03 (040845), filing date 29.07.2009, Author of White A.G. and others). The design of the frame of the building is formed piling grounds and load-bearing console structures, Pile-stands placed in a hollow pipe, installed in the upper weak water-saturated ground base, and the space between the outer surface of the pile-racks and the inner surface of the hollow tubes compensators, with piles-rack bottom ends are based on the underlying layer of the soil Foundation with high physical-mechanical properties. Frame of the building is reinforced farms.

However, the present design can not be applied for construction of road tunnels is shallow, because development is not taken into account the influence of dynamic loadings arising at movement of transport vibration, inertia, and brake load). It should also be noted that the dynamic loads can lead to weak water-saturated soils and unpredictable precipitation soil base.

Thus, at present there is no satisfactory technical solutions for the reliable construction of tunnels shallow in the weak water-saturated soils therefore proposes a new design in which the lining of the tunnel is a span structures forming the flyover and piles stands, which were placed into a hollow pipe, installed in the upper low ground base, and the space between the outer surface of the pile-racks and the inner surface of the hollow tubes are sealed compensators, with piles-rack their lower ends are based on the underlying layer with high physical and mechanical characteristics; pile-stands for the perception of dynamic loads combined cross-forming geometrically unchangeable the system, supported upper ends to the upper parts of the piles, front, and bottom ends to ground anchors, which are fixed in the ground base with high physical-mechanical properties. Spans trestle additionally rely on thermo and Foundation laid directly on the ground, resulting in reduced level of dynamic loads on weak ground Foundation, so that does not happen soil.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where 1 is a schematic diagram of the tunnel shallow section a-A): 1 - span structure formed from the tunnel lining and forming a ramp, which relies on piles-

placed in a hollow pipe - 3 and buried in the ground Foundation ruggedized 4, with a hollow pipe - 3 placed only in the low layer of the soil Foundation -5, and the space between the outer surface of the pile 2 and the inner surface of a hollow tube 3 sealed compensators - 6; for the perception of the inertial and brake stress in the longitudinal and transverse direction installed (figure 2, section b-B) cross-links with ground anchors 7; which are sealed in the ground base increased strength 4; superstructure 1 additionally, based on thermo and base 8, which prevents weak soil Foundation - 5 under vibration from the traffic, in addition, superstructure - 1 optional relies on an elastic Foundation.

Thus, the objectives set during the development of the new construction of the tunnels is shallow, mostly solved.

It should be noted that the arrangement of pile bearing spans is a relatively simple and well-known technological operation (see, eg, A.S. Silin, N.M. Glotov, V.I. Karpinsky, the Foundations of the bridge abutments made of precast reinforced concrete. Ed. Transport, M. 1954). Now for the weak water-saturated soils are developed and applied new constructions and technologies for device of pile bases in the existing conditions of dense construction (see, for example, R.A. Mangushev, A. I. Osokin, geotechnics St. Petersburg, Ed. Association of building universities, M. 2010).

It should also be noted that the construction of transport of deep tunnels under the powerful weak soils, for construction of escalators or lifts not only costly, but it is difficult geotechnical problem, especially in the conditions of existing buildings.

The proposed tunnel design stabilizes the stress and strain of weak soil Foundation for construction in seismic areas, as the design elements will strengthen the Foundation as indirect fittings.

Also proposed design can be used in permafrost regions, since the thawing of frozen soil Foundation would not go to the emergency situation, and any rainfall ground can be completed backfilling of quality -gravel mixture.

1. Transport tunnel shallow in the weak water-saturated soils, formed waterproof , wherein the lining of the tunnel is a superstructure, which relies to a step on the piles installed in a weak field, the pile their tips are based on the underlying layer the subgrade with high strength characteristics, and for the perception of inertial and brake loads are installed cross-links, educated rods with ground anchors, closed up in the underlying layer of the soil with high strength properties.

2. Transport tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower plane of the lining of the optional elastic relies on vibro - and device.