Dielectric insulation medium. RU patent 2504033.

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to a dielectric insulation medium, which contains fluorine ketone in gas condition, not necessarily with air or at least an air component as a carrier gas, which may be used for insulation of high-voltage equipment, in particular, distribution devices and transformers. The proposed insulation medium is characterised by the fact it contains fluorine ketone, having from 4 to 12 atoms of carbon, with a boiling point, at least - 5°C. Also the medium or high-voltage distribution device is proposed, in which the proposed insulation medium contained in the insulating space, is distributed in it in accordance with the temperature gradient.

EFFECT: increased extent of insulation protection of electric equipment without increase of gas and without negative effect of gas at environment.

52 cl, 9 dwg

The present invention relates to the dielectric insulation environment and the application of in such insulation environment, to the apparatus for generation, distribution or use of electrical energy and the method of determining the size of the independent claims.

Dielectric insulating environment in liquid or a gaseous state typically used for electrical insulation active part in a wide variety of electrical devices, such as switchgear (switchgear and transformers.

The prisoners in the metal distribution devices of intermediate or high-voltage, for example, electrical active part is placed in housing, which forms an insulating space containing insulating gas is usually under the pressure of several bar and separating the body from the power of the active part, not allowing electrical current to flow through it. Thus, detainees in the metal switchgears provide much more spatially efficient design than switchgears, which are mounted on the outside and isolated only by the surrounding air. When interrupting the current in the high voltage switchgear insulating gas advanced functions as a gas extinguish the arc.

Commonly used insulating gases with high characteristics of isolation and switching to have had some effect on the environment at allocation in the atmosphere. Still with a high global warming potential (GWP) of these insulating gases coped by strictly controlling leakage of gas in the equipment of gas-insulated switchgear and a very thorough treatment of gases. Traditional environmentally friendly insulating gases, such, for example, the dry air or CO2 , have a very low performance in isolation, so that the gas pressure, and/or insulation distance should be increased.

For the above reasons, in the past, efforts were made to replace these traditional insulation gases suitable deputies.

For example, WO 2008/073790 reveals dielectric gaseous compound, which - among other features - has a boiling point in the range of approximately -20 C to about -273°C, which is , preferably not exhausting ozone and which has a GWP is less than approximately 22200. More specifically, WO 2008/073790 reveals a number of different compounds that do not fall under the General definition of chemical.

In addition, US-A-4175048 refers to the gaseous insulator, containing compound selected from the group and and EP-A-0670294 discloses the use of as dielectric gas.

EP-A-1933432 refers to (CF 3 (I) and its use as an insulating gas distribution device with gas insulation. In this regard, this document indicates that for insulating gas important requirements are and dielectric strength, and the characteristics of the interruption. CF 3 I has, according to the EP-A-1933432, GWP, equal to 5, and thus is considered providing relatively low environmental load. However, due to the relatively high boiling point CF 3 I (-22°C) offers gas mixtures with CO 2 . In addition, net 1-gas has about the same insulating characteristics as traditional insulation environment with high characteristics of isolation and switching, so that the proposed gas mixtures have about 80% of the specific insulation characteristics of a pure traditional insulating medium that must be offset by an increase in pressure filling and/or high insulation distance.

Hence, there is a continuing need in insulating environment, which has an even smaller environmental load than 1, and no increase in the gas pressure, and/or insulation distances higher than current conventional units.

Because of this, the task of the present invention is to provide an insulating medium that has a lower GWP, but has at the same time, comparable or even superior insulation properties in comparison with the known insulating fluids without increasing the gas pressure, and/or insulation distances above values used today.

This problem is solved with the help of insulating medium on suitable independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are given in dependent claims.

This invention is based on the unexpected opening of the fact that through the use of , has from 4 to 12 carbon atoms can be obtained insulation environment with high insulation, in particular, a high dielectric strength (or breakdown field strength), and very low global warming potential (GWP).

In General, according to the present invention has a common structure

where R1 and R2 are at least partially fluorinated chain, and the mentioned circuits are independent of each other linear or branched out and have from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. This definition covers both perfluorinated ketones and ketones.

In General, used according to the present invention, has a boiling point of at least -5 degrees C at the ambient pressure, which is clearly contrary to instructions of the technology and, in particular, WO 2008/073790, which provides for the boiling point of -20 C or below as an essential feature of the appropriate dielectric connection.

Preferably, has 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms and is most preferable to 6 carbon atoms (also referred to as C6-). As stated above mentioned C6- can be (with a molecular formula of C 6 F 12 O) or .

When applying insulation environment can be in liquid or a gaseous state. In particular, the insulating environment can be a two-phase system containing and in liquid and gaseous state. More specifically, insulating medium, sprays, drops containing , dispersed in the gas phase, containing in a gaseous state.

For many applications it is preferable that an insulating medium containing insulating gas containing this under operating conditions. This, in particular, in the case of insulating medium used for high-voltage switching in the corresponding distribution device.

If you are using insulating gas, it can also be a gas mixture, which in addition to ignitable air or at least one component of the air, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ) and nitrogen (N 3 ), as a buffer or a carrier gas. Alternatively, insulating gas can practically consist of .

The insulation properties of insulating gas and, in particular, its breakdown field strength may be governed by temperature, pressure and/or composition of the insulating medium. If you are using a two-phase system, containing and in liquid and gaseous state, the temperature increase leads not only to increase the absolute pressure, but also to increase the concentration in the insulating gas the more high vapour pressure.

It was found that for many applications, insulating gas, such as use in a range of medium voltage sufficient mole fraction of, i.e. the ratio of the number of molecules to the number of molecules of the other components of the environment (usually a gas carrier or a buffer gas), and hence, sufficient breakdown field strength can be achieved even at very low temperatures, for example, to about -30 C or even -40 C, without additional measures, such as an external heat and evaporation.

If desired a higher concentration of in the insulating gas, to increase the field strength of the breakdown, which may be the case, in particular, in the case of high-voltage applications, pressure, composition and/or temperature insulating medium can be adapted accordingly. How to display the options required to achieve the desired breakdown field strength will be further shown as an example in the context of the figures below.

Dielectric insulation environment according to the present invention can be used in any device for generation, distribution or use of electrical energy, particularly in switchgear or parts thereof and/or component.

For high-voltage switching, for example, of particular importance is the terminating the ability (or the ability to extinguish the arc) insulating medium. Unexpectedly it was revealed, that the environment according to the present invention, not only has a comparable or even better the insulation capacity compared with the foregoing traditional insulating fluids, and sufficient ability to extinguish the arc. Without any intent to be bound by theory, we believe that this ability to extinguish the arc can be at least partially attributed to the recombination of dissociation products inside the arc chute region, mainly (CF 4 ), which is well known as a highly effective environment extinguish the arc.

Among the preferred with 6 carbon atoms, -2--3-he was especially preferred due to its high insulating properties and exceptional low GWP.

-2--3-one (also called 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5--4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-, PERFLUORO-2-methyl-3- or CF 3 CF 2 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 ) previously considered useful only for other applications, namely the handling of molten reactive metals (as specified in the WO 2004/090177), cleaning of steam reactor (as specified in the WO 02/086191) and in the systems of extinguishing the fire, or in liquid form for cooling electronic systems, or Rankine process in small power plants (as indicated in the EP-A-1764487).

-2--3-it is transparent, colorless and almost odorless. Its structural formula is described as follows:

-2--3-it is the average lifetime in the atmosphere for about 5 days, and its GWP is only around 1. Moreover, its potential ozone depletion (CIP) is a null-value. Thus, the load on the environment is much less than traditional insulation gases.

In addition, -2--3-it is non-toxic and demonstrates outstanding limits of safety for people. This contrasts with with less than 4 carbon atoms, such as (or ), which are usually toxic and very reactive.

-2--3-he has a boiling point of 49.2°C at 1 bar. Pressure of steam, i.e. the vapour pressure is in equilibrium with its phases, is approximately 40 kPa at 25 C. Given the high vapour pressure -2--3-it can generally be obtained insulating gas field strength breakdown, sufficient for many applications, in particular, in the range of medium voltage, at very low temperatures down to -30 C C.

If insulation environment represents the insulating gas, as it is preferable, for example, in the case circuit breaker high-voltage switchgear, -2--3-it can also be provided for in the gas mixture, which preferably additionally contains air or at least one component of air acting as a carrier gas, or a buffer gas. Alternatively, insulating gas can practically consist of -2--3-one.

On the basis of the detected fact that at a temperature of 550 C or above -2--3-it decomposes very reactive fluorocarbon compounds, having smaller number of carbon atoms, it is preferable that the insulating gas contains sufficient oxygen (O 2 ), which formed fluorocarbon compounds can react to form inert compounds such as, for example, CO 2 .

According especially preferred option for the implementation of the present invention, the mole fraction of , in particular -2--3-one, in the insulating gas is at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, more preferably, at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, it is most preferable to at least 15%. These preferred molar shares belong to some given standard or the working condition. When deviating conditions of the mole fraction of may also vary from those preferred values.

The importance of insulating medium containing -2--3-he molar fractions of at least 1% or 2% accordingly, based on the detected fact that the insulating gas with the molar shares can also be obtained at very low temperature conditions up to -30 C to 2% and up to -40 degrees C for 1% and that the insulating gas has sufficient dielectric strength, for example, for medium voltage apparatus, such as switchgear, medium voltage gas-insulated switchgear, which work under the pressure of insulating gas approximately 1 bar and, in particular, less than 1.5 bar.

As will be further illustrated with examples, the insulating capacity of the insulating gas having share -2--3-she at least 15%, even higher (at 1 bar)than traditional insulating gases. This option implementation, therefore, is especially preferred.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide improved dielectric insulation and improved electrical devices containing described above insulation environment. This problem is solved according to an independent claim for the application of the above for dielectric isolation and, in particular, to extinguish the arc, and according to an independent claim for an apparatus containing the above . Preferred options implementation disclosed and claimed in the dependent claims.

Therefore, in addition to the above described insulation environment, the present invention additionally refers to a unit for generation, distribution and use of electrical energy, containing housing forming insulation, space, and electricity active part, located in the isolation space. This separation space that contains the electrical environment described above.

The term "or" in the expression "apparatus for generation, distribution or use of electrical energy" in this context is not to be understood as excluding combinations, and should be read as "and/or".

Also the term "electrical active part" in this context should be interpreted widely, including Explorer, design wires switch (switch), conductive component, pulse discharger (surge arrestor) and the like.

In particular, the apparatus of the present invention includes switchgear, in particular, enclosed in a metal (or other) cover switchgear with air or gas insulation, or part and/or component, in particular, bus, enter, cable, gas-insulated switchgear, cable gland, current transformers, voltage transformers, pulse discharger, earthing switch, disconnect switch, load switch and/or circuit breaker.

Switchgears, in particular, distribution devices of gas-insulated switchgear (GAD) or, in other words, switching equipment with gas-insulated switchgear, well-known to specialists in a given field of technology. An example of a distribution device for which the present invention is particularly well suited, shows, for example, the EP-A-1933432, paragraphs [0011]-[0015], the contents of which are included here by reference.

Preferably, when this unit is a switch in particular, earthing switch (for example, high speed ground switch, disconnect switch, load switch or circuit breaker, in particular, medium voltage circuit breaker, circuit breaker generator and/or high voltage circuit breaker.

According to another preferred option for the implementation of this unit may be a transformer, in particular, distribution transformer or power transformer.

According to other variants of realization of this unit can also be, for example, rotating electrical machine, generator, motor, drive, semiconductor devices, computing machine, device power electronics and/or their components.

This invention, in particular, refers to a unit of intermediate or high voltage (medium or high voltage). When used herein, the term "average voltage" refers to a voltage in the range from 1 kV up to 72 kV, while the term "high voltage" refers to the voltage of more than 72 kV. Use in a range of low voltage below 1 kV are also possible.

To set the appropriate parameters on the value required for achieving the desired breakdown field strength, the product may contain control unit (also called "control system fluid medium") to regulate individually or in combination composition - in particular, the chemical composition or physical phase composition, such as the two-phase system of gas/liquid-and/or temperature insulating medium, and absolute pressure, the density of the gas, the partial pressure and/or partial density gas insulating medium, or at least one of its components, respectively. In particular, the control unit can contain heater and/or evaporator to regulate vapour pressure according to the invention. The evaporator can be, for example, ultrasonic vaporizer or may contain spray nozzles to spray insulating medium in the device.

In the example implementation for high-voltage applications of partial pressure can be provided in isolating environment by heating and/or evaporation, so that the partial pressure of is maintained at a pressure of at least 0.6 bar tire distribution of means of gas-insulated switchgear (GAD) or transmission lines and gas-insulated switchgear (GPEI), corresponding to traditional insulation distances (with approximate required tensions field for about 300 kV/cm) and traditional levels of pressure, for example, approximately 4 bar. Accordingly, in the high voltage circuit interrupter is activated heating and/or evaporation must be adapted so that the partial pressure of is maintained at a pressure of at least 0.9 bar corresponding to traditional insulation distances (with approximate required tensions fields of approximately 440 kV/cm) and traditional levels of pressure, for example, about 6 bar.

Figure 1a shows a graphical representation of the breakdown field under reduced pressure isolating protection according to the present invention, as a function of molar share -2--3-she compared with the field of the breakdown of traditional insulation gases;

Figures 1b and 1c show the absolute pressure insulating medium as a function of the partial pressure of -2--3-one;

Figure 2 shows a graphic representation of the vapor pressure -2--3 as a function of temperature;

Figures 3a, 3b, 3c show for different levels of concentration, i.e. mole fraction, -2--3-in the air as a carrier gas, the corresponding values of pressure and temperature at which this is achieved by approximate breakdown field strength 440 kV/cm and 50 kV/cm;

Figure 4 shows a purely schematic representation of the high-voltage switchgear gas insulated according to the present invention, contains a temperature control unit; and

Figure 5 shows a purely schematic representation of the high-voltage switchgear gas insulated according to the present invention, contains the control unit fluid environment.

To measure the breakdown field strength insulation protection according to the present invention, the test vessel containing -2--3-one (Novec 649, available from SM), were placed to about 140 mbar, and this pressure is then increased by the addition of the ambient air as a buffer gas up to approximately 5 bar. For selected mole fraction -2--3-one in the resulting insulating gas field strength breakdown defined in the device with electrodes of a needle plate when applying a DC voltage.

As shown in fig.1, breakdown field strength at reduced pressure for insulating medium according to the present invention, the increases linearly as a function of increasing molar proportion according to the present invention, selected here to constitute a -2--3-one. When the molar fraction above 15% insulation environment according to the present invention has a voltage higher than most traditional insulating gas according to the level of technology.

Fig.1b and 1c show the absolute pressure of the filling insulating medium according to the present invention, as a function of molar proportion according to the present invention, selected here to constitute a -2--3-one. Fig.1b and 1c received from fig.1 choice valid field strength of the electrical apparatus, conversion of the abscissa axis (y) fig.1 by dividing the valid values of the field strength and appeal of the values obtained, to come to a scale of absolute pressure and, hence, the curve absolute pressure, and multiplying ordinates (x-axis) on the curve absolute pressure to come to a partial transformer has pressure according to the invention, here preferably -2--3-one. Valid field strength chose component as an example 440 kV/cm fig.1b and 50 kV/cm fig.1.

Figure 2 shows the vapour pressure -2--3 as a function of temperature. This (absolute) pressure of an insulating gas is to be selected so that, in view of the partial pressure of the gas (specified minimum operating temperature according to figure 2), we got the desired field strength of the breakdown.

Also, operating temperature can be determined for the breakdown field strength and absolute pressure in the system. For example, the field strength of the breakdown in 440 kV/cm at an absolute pressure of 2.5 bar is achieved according to figure 1, with the molar fraction -2--3-one of 0.5. The partial pressure of -2--3-one in the insulating gas is 1.25 bar. According to figure 2 is the partial pressure is obtained at a temperature of 56 degrees C.

From the figures 1b and 1c in conjunction with figure 2 can be deduced way of choosing the parameters of insulating medium, such as the absolute pressure filling, the mole fraction of, or the partial pressure of , and control fluid medium, in particular, heating and/or evaporation of liquid-phase , and/or management of the reserve fluid liquid-phase .

This method contains stages:

- definitions for the electrical apparatus permitted intensity of the electric field of the desired insulating medium and minimum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium,

- determination of the breakdown field strength at reduced pressure desired insulating medium as a function of molar proportion according to the invention (see, for example, fig.1), hereinafter preferably with 6-9 With atoms, and more preferably -2--3-one, and on the permissible field strength curve absolute pressure insulating medium as a function of the partial pressure of (see, for example, or fig.1b fig.1),

- select the desired absolute pressure filling insulating medium (which is usually set some standard conditions and may be based, for example, the design and/or operational constraints electric apparatus),

- definition of the curve absolute pressure minimum required partial pressure , and the curve pressure steam appropriate temperature evaporation , and

- definition above this evaporation temperature minimum operating temperature desired insulating medium, and

- if the evaporation temperature below the minimum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, providing a system of control fluid medium, in particular, the means for heating and/or evaporation and/or control stock of liquid-phase fluid , to maintain the partial pressure above the required minimum partial pressure.

Additional detailed example is shown in figure 1 with figure 2 for medium voltage apparatus, which relates to this level of stress, from which can be deduced permissible, the electric field of the desired insulating medium (for example, 50 kV/cm), relating to environmental temperatures, from which can be deduced minimum permissible operating temperature desired insulating medium (for example, - 25oC). According to figure 2, the extrapolated to-25oC, the partial pressure of invention is here as an example -2--3-one, at 25oC is approximately 0,025 bar that according to figure 1, with approximately 0.95 bar absolute pressure filling. This is below the limit (for example, depending on the device) pressure filling, for example, 1.2 bar, so no active evaporation of liquid not required.

Another rule determining the size refers to the maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, for example, 105 C in the high-voltage or devices. According to figure 2 point 105 C corresponds to the partial transformer has pressure 5 bar that can lead to an absolute pressure exceeding all valid (for example, depend on the device) pressure limits. This should be avoided by limiting the number of available liquid and/or limiting temperature, for example, through active cooling. Therefore, the administration of the reserve volume of liquid and/or maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium should be restricted so that the absolute pressure of the filling is maintained below certain that limit the pressure in the apparatus (the maximum allowable working pressure). The device should thus have a backup volume of liquid and/or means of limiting the maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, so that the absolute pressure of the filling maintained below this limit the pressure in the apparatus.

Fig.3, 3b and 3c additionally show the ratio between absolute pressure filling and temperature insulating gas required to obtain certain this breakdown field strength (=permissible intensity of the electric field here as an example 440 kV/cm and 50 kV/cm, respectively), for different mole fraction M of the invention. It is obvious that the tension field in dielectric insulating gas can be increased by increasing the molar proportion of M , in this specific case -2--3-one, and/or by increasing the total or absolute pressure filling. On fig.3, for example, the field intensity is high breakdown voltage 440 kV/cm is reached at a pressure of about 7 bar and a temperature of about 22 degrees C, and the mole fraction of is 5%. The same breakdown field strength is attained at a pressure of less than 2 bar, but at a temperature of 60 C, and the mole fraction of is 100%.

On fig.3b, for example, the field intensity breakdown of medium voltage of 50 kV/cm is reached at an absolute pressure of approx 0.8 bar and a temperature of about -20 C, and the mole fraction of is 5%. The same breakdown field strength is attained at a pressure of approximately 0.1 bar and a temperature of about 5 C, and the mole fraction of the M is 100%.

Fig.3 again shows the permissible range of parameters for the case of the breakdown field strength high voltage 440 kV/cm Horizontal dotted line between points 1 and 2 is independent of the apparatus of the maximum permissible absolute pressure, here, for example, 6 bar. Vertical dashed line between points 2 and 3 represents the maximum allowable operating temperature here, for example, 105°C. Limiting curve absolute pressure for molar proportion of M=100% stretches between points 4 and 3. Held curve between points 1 and 4 represents the curve absolute pressure as a function of temperature and molar proportion invention here, for example, -2--3-one, taken from fig.3. The restricted area, i.e. the area within the lines connecting consistently point 1-2-3-4-1, specifies the range of valid parameters, namely absolute pressure filling and working temperatures desired insulating medium and molar shares (or, respectively, the partial pressure) of the invention for the selected breakdown field strength or a valid electric field strength.

As stated above, electrical apparatus of the present invention may contain control unit (or "control system fluid medium") to adapt pressure, composition and/or the temperature of the isolating environment.

As an example, high voltage switchgear, containing a temperature control unit, shown in figure 4. Switchgear 2 4 contains a body, forming an insulating space 6, and electrical active part 8, located in the isolation space 6. Switchgear 2 also contains the block 10A of temperature control for the establishment of housing 4, or at least part of the housing 4, switchgear and thus insulating medium contained in insulating space 6, to the desired temperature. Of course, can heat up any other part in contact with the insulation environment to bring insulation environment to the desired temperature. Thus, vapour pressure - and therefore his mole fraction of the insulating gas - and absolute pressure insulating gas can be adapted accordingly. As shown in figure 4, in this implementation, not evenly distributed on an isolating space due to temperature gradient, specified in the insulation space. Concentration thus higher near the walls of the 4' case 4.

Alternative control unit or the control system fluid medium schematically illustrates(a) in figure 5, where the block 10b control fluid medium given the switchgear gas insulated block. According to this control unit, the chemical composition of the environment and, in particular, the concentration it is regulated in the corresponding block of dosing, contained in a block 10b control fluid medium, and the resulting isolation environment is injected or inserted, in particular sprayed in the insulation space 6. In shown in figure 5 variant of realization of insulation environment is sprayed in the insulation space in the form of an aerosol 14, in which the small droplets of liquid dispersed in the appropriate gas-carrier. Aerosol 14 sprayed in the insulation space 6 through nozzles 16, and easily evaporate, thus, resulting in the isolation space of 6 to uneven concentration , more specifically, the relatively high concentration near containing a nozzle 16 of the wall 4' corps. Alternatively, insulating environment, in particular its concentration, pressure and temperature can be regulated in a block 10b control fluid medium to injection into the insulation space. To circulate the gas in the upper wall 4" housing 4 provides additional holes 18, leading to channel 20 in the housing 4 and allowing to remove the isolating environment of isolation space 6. Switchgear with a block 10b control fluid medium, as shown in figure 5, can be combined with a block 10a temperature control, described in connection with figure 4. If a temperature control unit is not provided, there may be condensation . Condensed can be collected and re-introduced into circulation insulating medium.

In the context of the distribution of units shown in figure 4 and 5, we note that the rated load current usually facilitates evaporation due to ohmic heating in the current-carrying conductors.

List of the reference signs

2 - the switchgear

4 - housing

4' - wall of the case

4" - the upper wall of the case

6 - insulation, space

8 - electrical active part

10a - temperature control unit

10b - control unit fluid medium

14 - aerosol

16 - nozzle

18 - hole

M - mole fraction of .

1. Dielectric insulating medium containing insulating gas, and mentioned insulating gas contains the operating environment having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein the has a boiling point of at least -5 degrees C at the ambient pressure.

2. Insulation environment according to claim 1, characterized in that has a common structure R1-CO-R2, wherein R1 and R2 are at least partially fluorinated chain, and the mentioned circuits are independent of each other linear or branched out and have from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

3. Insulation environment according to claim 1, characterized in that has 4 to 10 carbon atoms.

4. Insulation environment according to claim 2, characterized in that has 4 to 10 carbon atoms.

5. Insulation environment according to claim 1, characterized in that has 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

6. Insulation environment according to claim 2, characterized in that has 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

7. Insulation environment according to claim 1, characterized in that has 6 carbon atoms.

8. Insulation environment according to claim 2, characterized in that has 6 carbon atoms.

9. Insulation environment according to claim 7, wherein the is a -2--3-one.

11. Insulation environment on any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the insulating gas is a gas mixture, which additionally contains the air or at least one component of the air, in particular, selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

12. Insulation environment to 10, wherein the insulating gas is a gas mixture, which additionally contains the air or at least one component of the air, in particular, selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

13. Dielectric insulating medium containing insulating gas, and mentioned insulating gas contains the operating environment having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and having the General structure R1-CO-R2, wherein R1 and R2 are at least partially fluorinated chain, and the mentioned circuits are independent of each other linear or branched out and have from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

14. Insulation environment 13, wherein the has a boiling point of at least -5 degrees C at the ambient pressure.

15. Insulation environment 13, wherein the has 4 to 10 carbon atoms.

16. Insulation environment 13, wherein the has 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

17. Insulation environment 13, wherein the has 6 carbon atoms.

18. Insulation environment clause 17, wherein the is a -2--3-one.

19. Insulation environment on any of .13-18, wherein the mole fraction of in the insulating gas is at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, more preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, most preferably at least 15%.

20. Insulation environment on any of .13-18, wherein the insulating gas is a gas mixture, which additionally contains the air or at least one component of the air, in particular, selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

21. Insulation environment .19, wherein the insulating gas is a gas mixture, which additionally contains the air or at least one component of the air, in particular, selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

22. Dielectric insulating medium containing insulating gas, and mentioned insulating gas contains the operating environment , wherein the has 6 carbon atoms.

23. Insulation environment p.22, wherein the has a common structure R1-CO-R2, wherein R1 and R2 are at least partially fluorinated chain, and the mentioned circuits are independent of each other linear or branched out and have from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

24. Insulation environment p.22, wherein the is a ketone C 6 F 12 O, in particular, -2--3-one.

25. Insulation environment 23, wherein the is a ketone C 6 F 12 O, in particular -2--3-one.

26. Insulation environment on any of .22-25, wherein the mole fraction of in the insulating gas is at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, more preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, most preferably at least 15%.

27. Insulation environment on any of .22-25, wherein the insulating gas is a gas mixture, which additionally contains the air or at least one component of the air, in particular, selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

28. Insulation environment .26, wherein the insulating gas is a gas mixture, which additionally contains the air or at least one component of the air, in particular, selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

29. Application on any one of claims 1 to 28 in dielectric insulation environment.

30. Application the clause 29, wherein the insulation medium is also used to extinguish the arc in the electric switch, in particular in the switch low voltage, medium voltage switch or switch for high voltage, in particular circuit interrupter is activated.

31. Apparatus for generation, distribution or use of electrical energy, in particular phone of the middle or high voltage, and mentioned the device contains a body, forming an insulating space, and electricity active part, located in the isolation space, and this separation space that contains the electrical environment featuring as dielectric insulation environment on any one of claims 1 to 28.

32. Apparatus for .31, characterized in that the device is a distribution device, or its part, or component.

34. Apparatus for .31, characterized in that the device is a switch in particular, earthing switch, disconnect switch, load switch and/or circuit breaker.

35. The apparatus according to clause 34, characterized in that the device is a high voltage circuit breaker, having a heating chamber to ensure the effect , and that when the switch operation decomposes to fluorocarbon with a smaller number of carbon atoms in the heating chamber during the phase of self-heating.

36. Apparatus for .35, wherein the has 6 carbon atoms, in particular, is a -2--3-one.

37. Apparatus for .31, characterized in that the device is a transformer.

38. Apparatus for .32, characterized in that the device is a transformer.

39. Apparatus for .31, characterized in that the device is a distribution transformer or power transformer.

40. Apparatus for .31, characterized in that the device is a rotating electrical machine, generator, motor, drive, semiconductor devices, computing machine, device power electronics and/or their components.

41. The device according to any of .31-40, characterized in that it additionally contains a control unit for regulation individually or in combination, composition, temperature, absolute pressure, partial pressure, the density of the gas and/or partial density of gas insulating medium, or at least one of its components, respectively.

42. The apparatus according to paragraph 41, wherein the control unit contains the heater and/or evaporator for regulation of partial pressure and, in particular, to keep it above the required level of partial pressure.

43. The apparatus according to paragraph 41, wherein the block (10a, 10b) contains a control unit (10a) the temperature control contains heating system for the establishment of the housing (4) or at least part of the housing (4), the office of the desired temperature, and/or block (10a, 10b) contains a control unit (10b)control fluid medium for dispensing concentration or injection resulting insulating medium in the device.

44. The apparatus according to item 42, characterized in that block (10A, 10b) contains a control unit (10A) the temperature control contains heating system for the establishment of the housing (4) or at least part of the housing (4) of the unit to the desired temperature, and/or block (10A, 10b) contains a control unit (10b) control fluid medium for dispensing concentration or injection resulting insulating medium in the device.

45. The device according to any of .31-40, wherein the unit has a backup volume of liquid and/or a means to limit the maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, so that the absolute filling pressure is maintained below the specified limit pressure apparatus.

46. The apparatus according to paragraph 41, wherein the unit has a backup volume of liquid and/or a means to limit the maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, so that the absolute filling pressure is maintained below the specified limit pressure apparatus.

47. The apparatus according to item 42, characterized in that the unit has a backup volume of liquid and/or a means to limit the maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, so that the absolute filling pressure is maintained below the specified limit pressure apparatus.

48. The apparatus according to item 43, characterized in that the unit has a backup volume of liquid and/or a means to limit the maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, so that the absolute filling pressure is maintained below the specified limit pressure apparatus.

49. The apparatus according to item 44, characterized in that the unit has a backup volume of liquid and/or a means to limit the maximum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, so that the absolute filling pressure is maintained below the specified limit pressure apparatus.

50. Method of determining the size of the electrical apparatus in any of .31-49, characterized by stages, on which determine for this device valid, the electric field of the desired insulating medium and minimum allowable operating temperature desired insulating medium, is determined by the breakdown field strength at reduced pressure desired insulating medium as a function of molar proportion and valid field strength curve absolute pressure insulating medium as a function of the partial pressure of , - choose the desired absolute pressure filling insulating medium, define the curve absolute pressure minimum required partial pressure , and the curve pressure steam corresponding temperature evaporation and determine, above the evaporation temperature minimum operating temperature desired insulating medium.

51. Method of determining the size of the electrical apparatus in item 50, a subsidiary step, which, if evaporation temperature below the minimum permissible working temperature desired insulating medium, provide control system fluid medium, preferably contains a tool for heating and/or evaporation, and/or control stock of liquid-phase fluid , to maintain the partial pressure above the required minimum partial pressure.

52. Method of determining the size of the electrical apparatus in item 51, characterized in that the control system fluid medium performed on any of .41-49.