Method of producing flapping motion and flapping screw to this end

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to propulsors for air and water transport facilities. Method of producing flapping motion by blades of screw fitted on screw hub comprises combining blades revolution about hub axis and about their lengthwise axes. Said blades revolution about their lengthwise axes is effected indirection opposite that of hub rotation and at angular speed equal to that of hub. Flapping screw comprises blades with their lengthwise axes are set in one plane or intercrossed in parallel planes, or intercrossed in planes at crossing angles of 0 to 90 degrees. Proposed screw is equipped with intermittent drive to allow n blade additional turns per one hub revolution in or against hub rotational direction. Said screw may be equipped with extra mechanism for adjustment of blade inclination and/or medium flow guide device.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

18 cl, 9 dwg

The invention relates to propulsion systems for surface and underwater self-propelled transport, and can be used in policebrutality, fans, aeronautical engineering.

The ship's screw along with the advantages there are also serious disadvantages, for example, to achieve maximum efficiency it is necessary to align the screw diameter, pitch, shape, profile and number of the blades, the speed and capacity of the power plant, draft and hull and so that, in practice, quite difficult to observe. Therefore, on small ships, the efficiency of the real screws may be about 45%. In addition, the plane of rotation of the ship propeller is perpendicular to the direction of motion, so the screw has noticeable its own resistance movement. In this regard, fin thruster has elevated advantages to create thrust. The researchers note greater efficiency of flapping propulsion.

The famous "Ship with fin propulsion system" (Patent # EN 2360831 C2 10.07.2009, IPC VN 1/36, published 10.07.2009), in which the propulsion of the ship is the fin is composed of a series of flexible strip surfaces with hard edges that perform the move in the chain coupling that sets the angles of the hard edges tangent to a traveling sine wave that at different points in time forms a geometrically with the one saddle surface with strictly preset speeds deformation of the surface of the flapping wing, for the propulsion of a catenary fin strictly sinusoidal, apply various mechanisms on the basis of the crankshaft, a flexible hinge rod or linear stepper motors. It is assumed that fin thruster will provide the required thrust to maintain a high speed and high maneuverability in difficult and stormy sailing conditions.

The disadvantage of this solution is the complexity of the design of propulsion that requires a large number of joints and sensors for capturing wave as a traveling wave can not only reduce the resistance, but to increase it, so you should have a rather complicated structure in order to adapt to the wave parameters to reduce the resistance. In addition, movement of the fin is performed in a reciprocating mode, which entails a high inertial load and pulse jet impacts on the hull.

Known "Method of movement of the bearing surface in the fluid and the device for its implementation" (EN 2147545 C1; IPC⁷VS 33/00, F03D 3/06; Published: 20.04.2000), selected as a prototype, which is characterized by the fact that "primary"and "angular" movement of the bearing surface carried out evenly throughout the cycle of rotation. A bearing surface with constant the th angular velocity uniformly rotate around its own axis angular rotation. Axis angular rotation rotate with constant angular velocity around the axis of the "primaries" of rotation, a stationary reference system. The ratio of the angular velocities of the "corner" and "flight" of rotation is 1:2. The angle between the vectors of angular velocity is 90-180°. In the first variant of realization of the device for implementing this method, each blade of the propeller wheel is able to rotate around its own axis parallel to the axis of the wheel, and provided with a link-satellite planetary mechanism, and in the second case, each blade of the propeller is such a possibility of rotation around its own axis perpendicular to the axis of the screw, and a link to satellite planetary mechanism. The planetary mechanism ensures compliance to one rotation of the blade around the axis of the wheel or propeller half turn the blade around its own axis. The paddle wheel blade around its own axis rotates in the opposite direction. It is assumed that the technical result from implementation of the invention will improve the performance of devices operating at the specified method.

The analysis described above shows that the rotation of the blade two times slower than the hub in the opposite direction creates the conditions for reducing the effective working area of the blades per revolution due to the CEC the practical changes its angle of attack, means during the rotation of the blade, even when its location parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel (at an angle of inclination α is equal to zero)will not be able to provide efficient to create thrust more than 50%. Tilt the blade to the axis of rotation of the wheel is provided within the angle α from 0° to 90°, which corresponds, according to the invention, the angle between the vectors of angular velocity from 90° to 180°, i.e. when increasing the angle of the blades to the axis of rotation of the wheel, pushing the medium blade will be sent in the axial direction of the mover, which further reduces its effectiveness in the plane of rotation of the wheel and will not provide high efficiency in the axial plane, and with increasing angle of effectiveness will be reduced in the axial direction and perpendicular to it, because effective working surface of the blades in contact with the environment will change from zero to the maximum for every half turn of the wheel, and the contact with the medium to the same will be under the blade pitch angle that will result in sliding of the blade, the bevel of the thread, its dispersion around the thruster and the loss of overall efficiency. The present invention describes the possibility of installation of blades angle to the axis of rotation of the wheel in the interval between 0° and 90°, but the mechanism to have these angles are not disclosed.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the eff is aktivnosti flapping propulsion.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that:

I. a Method of forming Mach mounted on the hub of the propeller blades, combining two blade rotation: (a) the rotational motion of the blades around the axis of rotation of the hub; b) the rotation of the blades around their longitudinal axes in a direction opposite to the rotation of the hub, the screw will be equipped with at least one blade, the longitudinal axis of each blade set with respect to the axis of rotation of the hub with a slope from 0° to 90° in one plane or crossing in parallel or intersecting planes with crossing angles from 0° to 90°, the rotation of the blades operate at a speed equal to the speed rotation of the hub, but in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the hub, if necessary, the screw is equipped with a mechanism of intermittent motion, providing for one revolution of the hub making the n-th number of povorotov blades every 360/n° rotation of the Central gear or drive gear blades on the determined angle, preferably 360/n°, in the course of or against the course of rotation of the hub.

II. Screw mounted on the hub of the blades, combining two blade rotation: (a) the rotational motion of the blades around the axis of rotation of the hub; b) the rotation of the blades around their longitudinal axes in a direction opposite to the rotation of the hub is, when this screw is equipped with at least one blade, the longitudinal axis of each blade is installed with respect to the axis of rotation of the hub with a slope from 0° to 90° in one plane or crossing in parallel or intersecting planes with crossing angles from 0° to 90°, the angular velocity of rotation of each of the blades around their longitudinal axes equal to the speed of rotation of the hub, but rotate in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the hub, the propeller may have additional mechanisms for adjustable inclination of the blades relative to the axis of rotation of the hub and/or intermittent movement of the blades and/or guides devices for streams environment; as a mechanism of intermittent motion mechanism used Maltese cross with n-m number of grooves, whereby one revolution of the hub is made of the n-th number of povorotov blades every 360/n° angle of 360/n° along or against the course of rotation of the hub; as a mechanism of rotation of the blades used planetary gear Ferguson; the blades are made in the plane of the longitudinal section in the form of predominantly axisymmetric rectangular, round or trapezoidal shapes with linear and/or rounded ends; the blades are made in the plane of the cross section in the form of assymmetric the and/or proportional shapes with linear or rounded ends, flat or spatial, for example, biconvex profile segment, icebreaking, aviation asymmetrical or symmetrical, angular, convex-concave segment PLANO-convex, wedge, multiedge, Z - or S-shaped, etc; the device changes the angle of inclination of the blades is accomplished through a gear mechanism with a spherical mesh; the mechanism of retention of spherical gears in mesh is a movable shaped lever-carrier mounted one point in the hinge for rotating the sleeve from the inner or back side of the spherical gear in the center of the moving spherical idler arc, and the second end is also from the back side the rotating hinge bushing mounted in a selected point of the moving spherical intermediate gear, and figured lever-drove through a hinge connected to the planet carrier holding the satellite and the gear shaft rotation of the blade; the mechanism of retention of spherical gears in mesh is a curved guide-drove installed from the working party spherical gears rotating on a Central shaft and moving with linear motion of the intermediate spherical gear around the Central shaft when the sliding hinge intermediate gear mounted on an axis above the Terni at the point which is located on the trajectory of the arc guide is engaged with the guide-planet carrier; a flat blade has a sickle-shaped longitudinal cross-section; a guiding device in the form of contraint and/or centerproperty and/or the annular nozzle; a guiding device in the form of centerproperty equipped figured ledge towards the hub; a guiding device in the form of centerproperty equipped with at least one streamlined edge, or mutually intersecting or parallel sleek edges more than one edge; a guiding device is made in the form of an annular spinning nozzle connected to the end sections of the blades or rotating shafts equipped with hinges established in brackets nozzles; blade sets with arbitrary orientation angle; as a mechanism of rotation of the blades used gear; as a mechanism of rotation of the blades used drive with flexible coupling in the form of a chain, strap or rope; blades mounted on the hub with the possibility of deviation on either the hinge or by its own flexibility.

The invention is illustrated by drawings on which is shown:

Figure 1 - the principle of centrifugal movement.

Figure 2 - how the flapping movement of the blade 2 Mahi.

3 - when the CIP implementation flapping movement of the blade at 4 Mahi.

Figure 4 - schematic of the kinematic scheme of the mechanical drive of flapping propeller with fixed pitch blades.

Figure 5 - schematic of the kinematic scheme of the mechanical drive of flapping propeller with adjustable pitch blades and mechanism of intermittent motion.

6 is a principal kinematic scheme of the mechanism of deflection of the blades.

7, Fig diagram of the operation of the mechanism with skew axes.

Figure 9 - types of transverse profiles of the blades.

The technical result from implementation of the invention is that the screw allows you to provide:

1. The increase of the contact blades with the environment throughout the turn of the screw.

2. High efficiency waving screw.

3. Noiseless surface and underwater movement.

4. The decrease in resistance waving screw movement of the vessel.

5. The effect of the swirling water jet.

6. The lower manifestations of a swirl.

7. Expanding Arsenal of flapping propulsion.

The body of organisms in the evolution of adaptations to the environment are able to catch the slightest fluctuations in the environment and to adapt to your body wave, allowing them to develop greater speed and conserve energy. As is known, the periodic oscillation of the fin causes as traction control and power is Imogene, for example, a horizontally oriented fin or blade at Mahe down creates a thrust force only from the upper position to the middle of the amplitude of the Maha - this sector produce thrust. The mechanism of creation of thrust is as follows: at the beginning of Maha down, i.e. the beginning of the stroke fin on the bottom of the fin creates increased pressure created by the fin, from which proceeds the fin and pushes the ship. Further movement of the fin below the middle of the amplitude of Mach is already braking - this sector braking, since the fin becomes across the stream, but this movement is necessary to implement the backswing in order to produce the stroke. Hydrobionts the braking problem is solved by the flexibility of the fin and the body adjusting to the wave, with the almost inevitable consequence is the yaw front of the fish head (rostrum). The decision of a motion task using flight movements, technical means requires a very complicated mechanism, and a complete copy of the movement of aquatic organisms is not economically feasible. But in nature (with the exception of some micro-organisms) there is no complete rotational movement, and the speed of the reciprocating movements of body parts limit the inertial forces that, in turn, limits the speed. The proposed solution allows you to connect the rotational movement is giving hub screw and Mahi blades so which will allow, in the application of the resetting mechanism, to carry out the flight motion of the blades without the backswing and without inlet vanes in the sector braking that is more effective than any other means of flapping motion.

Waving the screw contains mainly the following mechanisms: the propulsion unit in the form of thermal or electric motor; a transmission; a planetary mechanism Ferguson, notched or flexible transmission; engine turning blades containing intermittent motion mechanism, for example, the mechanism of a Maltese cross; the tilt mechanism of the blades; guiding the flow device in the form of nozzles, contrainte and/or centerproperty; the hub of the screw; blades; system control; lecto-, hydraulic or mechanical actuator; a housing; a rotary device and other mechanisms required for normal operation of propulsion.

Detail in the illustrations waving screws indicated:

1. blade; 2. the hub of the propeller; 3. power plant; 4. the power shaft; 5. swivel stand; 6. the conical gear of the power drive shaft hub; 7. bevel gear drive the Central shaft; 8. the conical gear of the power drive shaft Central shaft; 9. gondola; 10. the Central shaft; 11. bevel gear drive hub; 12. the hollow shaft hub screw; 13. gear rotation of the blade; 14. the shaft of rotation of the blades; 15. bracket nozzle; 16. prices the Central gear; 17. a rectifying device 18. nozzle; 19. pylon nozzle; 20. the conical drive gear drove a Maltese cross; 21. the solenoid or cylinder off of the Maltese mechanism; 22. the cylinder mechanism changes the angle of the blades; 23. the shaft drove a Maltese cross; 24. drove Maltese mechanism; 25. the Maltese cross mechanism; 26. spherical satellite is in position deviations of the blades at an angle of 0°; 27. Central spherical gear when the deviation of the blades at an angle of 0°; 28. spherical hinge; 29. drove; 30. the position of the Central gear when the inclination of the blades 90°; 31. the position of the Central gear when the inclination of the blades 45°; 32. sliding joint; 33. spherical satellite with the deviation of 45°; 34. guide-led; 35. the position of the moving hinge when the deviation of spherical satellites at an angle of 45°; 36. spherical satellite is in position deviations of the blades at an angle of 90°; 37. the sliding hinge in position deviations of the blades 90°; 38. rotating sleeve mounting rail-carrier; 39. rotating the fixing barrel shaped lever-carrier; 40. the hinge figured lever-led; 41. curly lever-carrier; 42,43. provisions figured lever-carrier when the deviation of spherical satellites; 44. rotating sleeve drove with hinge mounting curly lever-carrier; 45. satellite direct; 46. Gribkova the upper blade; 7. Drive the blade top; 48. Drive the blade bottom; 49. Gribkova the lower blade; the Profiles of the blades: 50. Icebreaker profile; 51. Lenticular segment; 52. Aviation symmetric; 53. Aviation asymmetrical; 54. Convexo-concave; 55. Corner; 56. PLANO-curved; 57. V; 58. Cross; 59. Secterary; 60. Multiedge; 61. Z - shaped; 62. S-shaped.

About the center of rotation of the hub. O-O the axis of rotation of the hub. In-In and b-B - axis rotation of the blades. And_1,2,3- gear mechanism Ferguson.

Symmetric part with respect to the axis of rotation of the screw have the same numbering.

Angles: the Angle α is the angle of the longitudinal axes of the blades to the axis of rotation of the hub. The angle β is the angle of orientation of the blade in the space, i.e. the angle of inclination of the transverse axis of the blade to the axis Y. the Angle γ is the angle of attack of the blade formed by the blade during its rotation between its plane and the tangent to the circle of rotation; if the leading edge is directed outward angle of attack is positive, and Vice versa. Because the blade has a radially constant pitch, the angle of attack during rotation of the blade along the longitudinal axis will be the same at any site. The angle δ is the angle crosses the longitudinal axis of the blade to the axis of rotation of the hub.

Arrows indicate: B - direction thrust; ∂, e - direction of rotation of the hub and blade; W, W - lowering of the blade; and, K, l, m - direction lo the Asti; n, n, - the direction of movement of the Central shaft; R₁is the radius of the moving hinge 45; R₂is the radius of movement of the hinge 33.

The mechanisms applied in the construction waving screw:

1. "Three-tier gear mechanism with a spherical mesh", I.I. II Artobolevsky "Mechanisms in modern engineering", ed. Moscow : Nauka, 1980, volume IV, p.29, mechanism No. 2169.

2. "Jagged-zavodny mechanism Maltese cross with oval ivory", ibid, str, mechanism No. 2482.

3. "Planetary gear mechanism Ferguson", ibid, str, mechanism No. 2714.

In the description deals with the application of the invention, mainly in shipbuilding, although the same principle can be applied in the aircraft.

In the proposed screw the process flapping motion installed on the hub of the blades occurs during rotation of the hub and the blades rotate in the opposite direction, with a speed equal to the speed of rotation of the hub.

1. The method of implementation of the two Mach for one revolution of the hub.

For understanding the principle of operation consider the operation of the screw with one flat blade when dvukhmodovom the way to create thrust.

The longitudinal axis of the blade 1 is installed at a fixed angle of inclination α to the axis of rotation of the hub 2 of the screw is equal to, for example, 45° in the same plane with the axis of rotation of the hub, and the orientation axis of the cross section of the vane which is at an angle β, equal to 90° (figure 1 and 2). The way the orientation of the blades during rotation of the screw consists of two mutually rotation - hub and blades carried out as follows: the hub is rotated around its longitudinal axis of rotation and a blade mounted on the hub rotates around its own longitudinal axis with respect paradox Ferguson", which according to one rotation of the blade around the axis of the hub one rotation of the blade around its own axis in the opposite direction - i.e. the orientation of all the blades on the entire turnover of the hub remains the same and has an angle β equal to 90° (figure 1, 2; count goes from the top of the plot the Y-axis with the center of rotation "About" clockwise) and during rotation of the hub, this angle does not change. Thus, when considering the screw in the projection on the Y-axis, the blade 2 being in position 0° of rotation of the hub, is oriented upwards (position "a") at an angle α equal to 45°, and when the rotation of the hub 1 by the arrow "∂" angle from 0° to 90°, the blade 2 falls flat in the direction of arrow "e" (in position "b") and its angle α in the selected projection becomes equal to 0°, and then, when the rotation of the hub 1 on the angle from 90° to 180°, the blade 2 also falls flat in the direction of arrow "W" (position "in") up to an angle α equal to minus 45°. As a result, in the projection on the Y-axis, we see max blade at a 90°angle, which is the eye which indicates the impact on the environment causing cravings. Upon further rotation of the hub at an angle from 180° to 360° is similar to Mach up and the blade 2 is moved from position "b" to "g" with committing palumaa, and then back to position "a" is also committing palumaa. Thus, one revolution of the hub is two full Mach one blade, which we observed in the projection on the y-axis While the rotation of the hub 1 and blade 2 around their axes reduce inertial losses waving drive, and in the case of rather rapid application of force on the part of the blade, the water under it due to its inherent viscosity does not have time to spread and acquires the properties of a rigid body and it pushes the blade. In the projection, transverse to the axis of rotation of the screw (figure 1), the blade 2 slides along the arc flatwise to the right when turning the wheel from 0° to 90° with committing palumaa, and then left when turning the wheel from 90° to 180° with committing palumaa. To the blade 2 was not created by braking forces in the Gaza deceleration during the second half of the Mach, there are two ways to eliminate this phenomenon: a) it must be bent sine wave according to the law of the generated waves and to fit into a sine wave of this wave, it is desirable to perform the blades are flexible in longitudinal section, with the flexibility of the blade can be passive or active, for example, be regulated by the betrayal of the Oia pressure inside the blades the higher the pressure the harder the blade, the greater the step sine wave; b) go on polenakovic the principle of creating thrust, described below.

With a larger number of blades, the latter are evenly distributed around the circumference and can be installed in any orientation angle β, as it has absolutely no influence on the process of creating thrust, she just goes into the plane orientation of the blade. The number of blades may vary from 1 to 10 and more, each blade increases the Mach number is proportional. And since thrust is produced when any orientation of the plane of the blade, it makes sense to do the blade with a large number of planes, for example, with a cross or similar multiedge spatial cross-section, it will create a thrust in the axial direction in several dimensions that will dramatically improve the efficiency of propulsion.

The proposed method of flapping motion of the blades in the fluid combines screw propulsion with rotationally move by the movement of the blades with a constant orientation in one direction performed consistently throughout the full cycle of rotation of the hub, which allows through the blades with a spatial cross-section to receive a constant equal emphasis on the blades in all dimensions of its cross section, and is also the regulation traction control by changing the angle of the blades to the axis of rotation of the hub when its uniform rotation.

For a fixed angle of inclination of the blades to the axis of rotation of the hub screw can be equipped with a nozzle and/or cut-off device, which will allow to concentrate the flow of water from Mach blades in the axial direction.

2. The way out of the four pollomacho for one revolution of the hub. Offer dokmanovic way to create traction can be improved by switching to n-flight method.

For understanding the principle of operation consider a propeller with one blade (3) chetyrehhodovogo method. When observing screw in the profile, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the hub, similar to figure 2, the X-axis in the projection on the Y-axis on the hub of the propeller made in the form of a cone, is located in the upper position "and" blade 2 with a deviation of up relative to the axis of the hub at an angle, for example, α, is equal to 45°. In the first and third quadrants (the countdown goes from the top of the plot the Y-axis with the center of rotation "O" clockwise) rotation of the hub orientation of the cross-section of the blade is horizontal (the angle β is equal to 90°), and the second and fourth β is 0°, so the profile horizontally, you will see that when you turn the wheel 90° to the blade moves in the vertical direction (i.e. drops) in position "b" to the angle α of 0°, i.e. from the standpoint of the observer happened polanah blade that will cause shown shall tell traction control, then the blade is sharply 2 is rotated 90° in the direction of rotation of the hub, i.e. there is her turn in the direction of arrow "K"when the direction of Mach is changed from vertical to horizontal, and further the Mach should be seen in projection on the axis X. further rotation of the hub to 180° the blade is moved to position "b", and in this position again povorachivaetsa 90° in the direction of arrow "l", i.e. there is yet another polanah blade 2 is in the horizontal plane, i.e. one half of the hub is two palumaa or one max without swing and inlet vanes in the sectors of the braking effect. Upon further rotation of the hub moves the blade 2 in position "g" and turn it 90° in the direction of arrow "m" and the translation direction of create a thrust from horizontal to vertical, then the blade is in position "a" and povorachivaetsa arrow "and" 90°, i.e. the blade 2 makes two palumaa up in different directions. Thus, one revolution of the hub blade makes four polenakovik movement without moving the blades in the zone of inhibition and without swing. With a larger number of blades, the latter are evenly distributed around the circumference, but can be installed in any orientation angle β, as it does not affect the process of creating thrust, she just goes into the plane of orientation of the blades, the number of lop the values can be any - from 1 to 10 and more, each blade increases the Mach number is proportional to the number of stops the intermittent motion mechanism. In this case, it is advisable to use blades with aviation asymmetrical profile 53 (Fig.9), it will reduce the resistance to movement of the blade and reduce slipping.

Number of flight movements can be changed by applying an intermittent motion mechanism, such as mechanism of a Maltese cross, with the other n-m - the number of stops, for example, three, five, six, seven, etc., the angle of turning of the blades in the course or progress against the rotation of the hub is equal to 360/n°. When using another mechanism of intermittent movement of the turning angle of the blades may be different. The number of blades may be any and every one of them can be mounted one with respect to another at any orientation angle β. For a fixed angle of inclination of the blades to the axis of rotation of the hub screw can be equipped with a nozzle, which will allow to concentrate the flow of water from Mach blades in the axial direction. At adjustable angles α of inclination of the blades to the axis of rotation of the hub thrust force can be adjusted by decreasing or increasing the angle α of inclination of the blades with a uniform rotation of the hub.

For the implementation of the algorithm of rotation of the blades into mechanical PR the water can be used "planetary Gear mechanism Ferguson", the principle of action which, for clarity, are presented in figure 1, consists of a Central gear And₁, satellite And₂, gears of drive shaft blades And₃. During the rotation of the hub of the screw 2, which is a planet carrier for the gears And₂and a₃Central gear, A₁remains stationary while the satellite And₂included in engagement with the stationary Central gear And₁and the gear drive shaft blades And₃runs gear And₂rotating in the direction of rotation of the hub of the screw 2, this ensures that the rotation of the blade 1 on the entire turnover of the hub 2 with a speed equal to the speed of rotation of the hub of the screw 2, only in the opposite direction. When you stop the Central gear And₁and with equal sizes of gears And₁and a₃turns out "the paradox of the doctor", which consists in the fact that the gear And₃performs a circular translational motion, while the orientation angle β of the blade on the entire turnover of the hub remains constant. When installing the blades 1 at 0°<α>90° is Mach 2 during one rotation of the hub 2, as "the paradox of the doctor" is observed on the entire turnover of the hub 2. In this way the Mach intermittent motion mechanism is not needed.

Thrust in the axial direction can be obtained (7, 8) at an angle β orientation greskovich blades,0°, if the axis B-B and C-In rotation greskovich blades 46, 49 in a plane parallel to the axis O-O of rotation of the hub will be rejected on the crossing angle 0°>δ>90° and mounted on the driven blades 47, 48 - this will make the blades 46, 49 of the hydrodynamic shadow of the hub 2 at an angle δ and give them the opportunity to work in a free environment. In this particular case Gribkova blades 46, 49 are installed with the orientation angle β of 0°, and "the paradox of the doctor" is provided by means of flexible connections in the form of endless belts (or chains)that are installed on the pulleys (asterisks) with the same diameter (not shown), while the Central pulleys mounted on the axis of rotation of the hub 2 are in a stationary position, and to ensure the crossing of the blades at an angle δ, the drive pulley shaft greskovich blades rotated by the angle δ is a flexible connection in the form of a belt is easy. The crossing angle δ formed by the projection of the axes b-B and b-b In the axis o-O, forming the axis B₁-B₁and B₁-B₁and is measured between the axis O-O and B₁-B₁or O-O and₁In₁. Max is formed by the rotation of the hub 2 by 180°, the projection on the X axis it will look as if the blade 46 is moved to the position of the blade 49. To enhance the capabilities of the propeller to create thrust drive the blades 47, 48 are installed with the angle of attack during rotation and is attached to a streamlined profile in the form of the propeller blades.

The crossing angle can be provided as the location of the blades in parallel to the axis of rotation of the hub planes and intersecting planes with angles of inclination and/or breeding from 0° to 90°.

A similar effect can be obtained when installing greskovich blades 46, 49 parallel to the axis O without crossing, but if possible deviations of the blades under the action of hydrodynamic forces to deflect the blades either hinged or flexible, to a certain angle of inclination α. During the rotation of the hub 2 rejected the blades will push the water in the axial direction.

Figure 4 applied gear, through which the gear ratios of the interacting gears allows to observe the "paradox Ferguson", containing a Central gear - 16, rotating, for example, double speed in the same direction as the hub 2, gears of rotation of the blades 13 with a transmission ratio of 1:1 with the Central gear rotates with the rotational speed of the hub 2, but in the opposite direction. This design allows to reduce the number of gears in the hub 2 and to simplify the mechanism. Torque from the power unit 3 is transmitted by the power shaft 4 for bevel gear 6 and then through the gear 11 (with gear ratio 1:1) on the hollow shaft 12 connected to the wheel hub 2. Central is a gear 16 mounted on the Central shaft 10 and is driven from the bevel gear 8 with double speed relative to the hub 2, the gear 8 is rotated by bevel gear 7 (with gear ratio 1:2) in the same direction as the hub 2. Gear 13 is equipped with a shaft 14, the rotation of the blades 1.

Constructive solutions for the arrangement of the mechanism for transmitting rotation of the blades can be set. For example, to create a stand-alone device as a replacement for conventional jet boat motors, can be applied to a scheme whereby a Central gear still attached to the gondola, and the power shaft boat motor rotates the hub, which is equipped satellites and pinion blade rotation.

The screw can work on n-flight principle. Consider the mechanism that allows you to organize four palumaa for one rotation of the hub, and other similar mechanisms. Chetyrehraundovy principle is subject to the condition that "the paradox of the doctor" is observed on the entire turnover of the hub with the only exception that every¹/₄turnover of the hub, the blades are rotated, preferably in the direction of rotation, 90°, through, in this case, the Maltese mechanism, the speed of rotation of the blade on the entire turnover is equal to the speed of rotation of the hub screw, only in the opposite direction, except for sites of rotation of the blade at 90°and drove Maltese mechanism rotates 4 times faster than the hub in FR the opposite side, to provide a complete turnover of the Maltese cross in the direction of rotation of the hub in one of its turnover.

For the implementation of four simultaneous rotations of the blades 1 (figure 4) 90° during the period of turnover of the hub 2 in the course of its rotation, the used mechanism Ferguson and intermittent motion in the form of a "gear-zivotnogo mechanism Maltese cross", in this case applied the mechanism with four grooves and with oval ivory as unstressed, but you can also use other mechanisms with different number of stops, when applying mechanism with n-m number of grooves - turns is n with the rotation angle of 360/n°. Led Maltese cross 24 rotates in the opposite direction relative to the hub 2 with a quadruple speed, so that for one revolution of the hub of the screw 2 to provide four sharp rotation of the Central shaft 10 to change the orientation direction of the working surface of the blade at 90° at 90° intervals of rotation of the hub 2 during its rotation. The principle of operation of the Maltese mechanism works as follows. During the rotation of the leading link - led 24 oval Tarsus is included in the slot of the slave link - cross 25 and slipping into it, turns the cross, in this case 90°. After the release of the pins from the slots of the cross, the last stops and remains stationary until Tarsus, continuing its movement, will not make the turn and come back in again in the next slot of the cross, and d For fixation cross, that is, prevent the inadvertent rotation of the cross during a stop, a key player features a locking cylindrical protrusion with a recess, and the cross-cut circular arcs of circles. The rotation of the cross is only possible when the beam is aligned with the notch of the ledge. For one revolution of a driving link is rotated cross 1/4 part of the turnover in the opposite direction. Therefore, to implement a four speed cross for one revolution of the hub carrier 24 (figure 5) must rotate four times faster than the hub 2 and in the opposite direction, if we need to turn the blades in the direction of rotation of the hub. Maltese mechanism is switched by electromagnet or cylinder 21, which, by moving the shaft 23, enters the conical gear 20 in mesh with the gear 6. It does not matter what at this point, the orientation of the blades.

When using rigid blades 1 with a fixed angle α of inclination to the axis of rotation of the hub, with the aim of increasing the thrust force of the screw, the screw may be provided with annular nozzle 18 that is installed through the pylon 19 on the rack 5. Or ring nozzle 18 may be connected to the ends of the blades by rotating 15 spherical or cylindrical hinges installed on the end portion of the blade 1, it will rotate together with the screw. Kohl the Wake of the nozzle has an aviation profile or streamlined in the direction of the predominant trend. In the nozzle 18 can be fitted flow straightener device, for example, contrrolled several cross or parallel set of partitions with symmetric aviation profile 17, and before the screw can be installed contraint. Contrrolled can be equipped with cone-shaped ledge in the side of the hub. These devices will allow you to redirect the radially directed jet of water from the flight movements in the axial direction.

4 shows the hub of the screw 2 with a fixed angle α of inclination of the blades 1 to the axis of rotation of the hub 2. But for better regulation of thrust at a constant speed, and to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the idle screw on vessels equipped with, for example, sail propulsion, it is necessary to have a mechanism to change angles. Figure 5 presents the screw with variable pitch blades to the hub screw, containing spherical gear - 27 Central and satellite 26. The satellite 26, rolling along the surface of the Central gear 27, not disengages from it, and thereby transmit torque angles from 0° to 90°. Changing the angle of the blades 1 is carried out by moving the Central shaft 10 by arrows "n" and "h", for example through ElectronicIndia 22, while the Central spherical gear berenewed in position 31 and 32, providing the inclination of the blades 1.

Figure 6 presents the kinematic scheme of the "three-tier gear mechanism with a spherical mesh". It contains a Central spherical gear 27 are rigidly mounted on a Central shaft 10, a spherical satellites 26, United with direct satellites 46 and cooperating with the gear 13 of rotation of the blades 1. Gear 13 and 45 are interconnected with the planet carrier 29, and the spherical gears 27 and 26 are connected figured lever-planet carrier 41, which is mounted on the hinge 40 of the rotating sleeve 39 on the shaft 10. Lever-carrier 41 in connection with the planet carrier 29 is a bend in the hinge 44 drove, holding gears 27, 26, 29,13 engaged even when mutual angular offset. The process of torque transmission is carried out with the rolling of the spherical gear 26 on the spherical surface of the gear 27. Figure 6 shows the intermediate position 33 and 36 of the spherical deviation of the satellite 26 at angles of 45° and 90°, respectively, with the lever-carrier 41 is also appropriate intermediate position 42 and 43, along the radius R₁move the hinge 44, ensuring full engagement at any angle of deviation of a spherical satellite 26. The second alternative way of holding a spherical satellite 26 in engagement with the spherical gear 27 is that spherical satellite equipped with a sliding hinge 32, interacting with the guide-planet carrier 34, which rotates on a Central shaft 10 on the sleeve 38, the hinge 32, at different angles of inclination of the satellite 26 is moved in position 35 and 37 of radius R₂move the hinge 32. Full engagement of the spherical gear contributes to the hinge 28, the led 29 and the lever-carrier 41 or guideway-carrier 32, which deprive interacting gears of freedom of movement in other directions, in addition to the specified value.

The inclination of the satellite 26 to the Central gear 27 is performed by moving the Central shaft 10 (figure 5) along the axis "O"moving spherical gear 27 in position 30 and 31 in the direction of the arrows: "h" - increase the angle of inclination of the blades to the hub, and "n" is the reduction of the angle of the blades to the axis of rotation of the hub of the screw.

To reduce the loads on the mechanism of rotation of the blades, the latter is symmetric and/or proportional profile relative to their longitudinal axis. For two Mach profile blades may be flat, such as icebreaker 50 (Fig.9), biconvex segment 51 or spatial in a multiedge profile, for example, direct cross 58, Z-61 shaped or S-shaped 62, hesterberg 59 or multiedge 60, etc. When the screw with the implementation of the four pollomacho, to reduce the side as the texts of the screw, the profile of the blades may be aviation unbalanced 53 or symmetric 52, corner 55, convexo-concave 54, segment PLANO-convex 56 wedge 57, as well as profiles 61, 62, etc.

The contour of the blades may be of any, preferably, symmetrical shape, for example, Kaplan, trapezoidal, Ellipso, rectangular, etc. In the equipment of the jet nozzle and/or at adjustable angles of inclination of the blade leaf and/or root portions of the blades, it is desirable to perform triangular, pyramidal or conical and/or direct at fixed angles. The blades can be fully hard, rigid in cross section and flexible in longitudinal section with variable cross section stiffness with passively or actively deformable longitudinal profile, this will allow for a smoother running and quieter operation, increase the efficiency of propulsion. The longitudinal profile of the flat of the blade can be shaped sickle elastically deformable profile, directional notch in the side of the accomplishment Mach, it will at the end of the stroke to obtain the water is forced out the blade with greater speed.

Drive rotation of the blades can be accomplished by passing a flexible connection, for example, by a chain, strap, rope, because the blade will run at any angle of orientation β, and even inevitable slippage flexible communication pulleys offset angle orie is to be treated is not particularly affect the performance of the screw.

Waving the screw can be made, as an option, in the form of active steering or propulsion / steering column, a rack connected to the hull of the vessel, which has a mechanical actuator or an electric motor for transmitting a rotation of the hub with the rowing screw, a rack connected to the gondola, which are mechanisms for intermittent motion and controls closing and moving the Central shaft, the hub is the mechanism of rotation and tilt of the blades. Revolving around its axis, the propeller creates thrust in the axial direction, for changing the direction of focus it requires rotation of the steering column on the rotation angle. Screw the device to change the angle of the blades to the hub allows changing the value of focusing without changing the rotation speed of the drive motor. To generate braking forces by the propeller blades are disclosed on the angle α, is close to or equal to 90°.

Mechanical drive waving screw can be executed in its simplest form, with any fixed or variable angle of the blades to the axis of rotation of the hub and a mechanical drive. A more complex mechanism of the screw can provide a varying angle of inclination of the blades to the hub and orientation of the blades on the desired algorithm.

According to the present invention, it is proposed mover in VI is e waving screw, in which distinctive and new elements are the ways of flight movements, the profiles of the blades, the mechanisms for the implementation of flight movements, i.e. the management orientation of the blades during their orbital movement, and a mechanism for adjusting the height of the blades, in particular, ways of holding in engagement spherical gears, which has the ability to control thrust in accordance with the criterion of maximum hydrodynamic efficiency, achieve the best performance over the entire operating range. While the maximum decrease problems associated with cavitation of the propeller blades, the propeller operates with maximum hydrodynamic efficiency in any situation, able to meet the demands of the optimization criterion hydrodynamics, universal, from the point of view of kinematics, and reliable from the point of view of mechanics, with a long service life and does not require significant maintenance, easier in small-scale production.

The above methods and the design of mechanisms waving screws are illustrative and do not exhaust all options of specific performance, are not a limitation for the use of other technical solutions that without breaking the main idea of the technical solutions can be used in practice.

1. The way education Maho is mounted on the hub of the propeller blades, combining two blade rotation: (a) the rotational motion of the blades around the axis of rotation of the hub; b) the rotation of the blades around their longitudinal axes in a direction opposite to the rotation of the hub, with the longitudinal axis of the blade is installed with a tilt angle from 0 to 90° to the axis of rotation of the hub, characterized in that the screw will be equipped with at least one blade, the longitudinal axis of the blades installed in the same plane or crossing in parallel or intersecting planes with crossing angles from 0 to 90°, the rotation of the blades operate at a speed equal to the speed of rotation of the hub, but in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the hub, if necessary, the screw is equipped with a mechanism of intermittent motion, providing for one revolution of the hub making the n-th number of povorotov blades every 360/n° rotation of the Central gear or drive gear blades on the determined angle, preferably 360/n°, in the course of or against the course of rotation of the hub.

2. Screw mounted on the hub of the blades, combining two blade rotation: (a) the rotational motion of the blades around the axis of rotation of the hub; b) the rotation of the blades around their longitudinal axes in a direction opposite to the rotation of the hub, with the longitudinal axis of the blade is installed with a tilt angle from 0 to 90° of the rotation and the hub, characterized in that the screw is equipped with at least one blade, the longitudinal axis of which is set in the same plane or crossing in parallel or intersecting planes with crossing angles from 0 to 90°, the angular velocity of rotation of each of the blades around their longitudinal axes equal to the speed of rotation of the hub, but rotate in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the hub, the propeller may have additional mechanisms for adjustable inclination of the blades relative to the axis of rotation of the hub and/or intermittent movement of the blades, and/or guide devices for streams environment.

3. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that as a mechanism of intermittent motion mechanism used Maltese cross with n-m number of grooves, whereby one revolution of the hub is made of the n-th number of povorotov blades every 360/n° angle of 360/n° along or against the course of rotation of the hub.

4. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that as a mechanism of rotation of the blades used planetary gear Ferguson.

5. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the blades are made in the plane of the longitudinal section in the form of predominantly axisymmetric rectangular, round or trapezoidal shapes with linear and/or rounded ends.

6. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the blades are made in the plane of the cross section in the form of axisymmetric and/or proportional shapes with linear or rounded ends, flat or spatial, for example, biconvex profile segment, icebreaking, aviation asymmetrical or symmetrical, angular, convex-concave, convex segment, wedge, multiedge, Z - or S-shaped, etc.

7. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the device changes the angle of inclination of the blades is accomplished through a gear mechanism with a spherical mesh.

8. The screw according to claim 7, characterized in that the mechanism of retention of spherical gears in mesh is a movable shaped lever-carrier mounted one point in the hinge for rotating the sleeve from the inner or back side of the spherical gear in the center of the moving spherical idler arc, and a second end, with the rear side of the hinge rotating bushing mounted in a selected point of the moving spherical intermediate gear, and figured lever-drove through a hinge connected to the planet carrier holding the satellite and the gear shaft rotation of the blade.

9. The screw according to claim 7, characterized in that the mechanism of retention of spherical gears in mesh is an arc on reviewshow-carrier, installed from the working party spherical gears rotating on a Central shaft and moving with linear motion of the intermediate spherical gear around the Central shaft when the sliding hinge intermediate gear mounted on the axis of the gear at the point, which is located on the trajectory of the arc guide is engaged with the guide-planet carrier.

10. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the flat blade has a sickle-shaped longitudinal section.

11. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the guiding device is made in the form of contrainte, and/or centerproperty, and/or the annular nozzle.

12. The screw according to claim 11, characterized in that the guiding device in the form of centerproperty equipped with a cone-shaped protrusion directed toward the hub.

13. The screw according to claim 11, characterized in that the guiding device in the form of centerproperty equipped with at least one streamlined edge or mutually intersecting or parallel sleek edges more than one edge.

14. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the guiding device is made in the form of an annular spinning nozzle connected to the end sections of the blades or rotating shafts equipped with hinges installed in the bracket attachments.

15. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the vane is set with an arbitrary orientation angle.

16. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that as a mechanism of rotation of the blades used gear.

17. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that as a mechanism of rotation of the blades used drive with flexible coupling in the form of a chain, belt or rope.

18. The screw according to claim 2, characterized in that the blades mounted on the hub with the possibility of deviation on either the hinge or by its own flexibility.