Raw material mix for obtaining facing ceramics. RU patent 2476405.
 Method of making boards from ceramic material / 2469007Invention relates to making ceramic boards. Proposed method comprises making initial mix containing ceramic sand with grain size not exceeding 2 mm, preferably smaller than 1.2 mm, binder and filler, settling said mix onto temporary substrate for vacuum compaction, drying and annealing. Said binder consists of water dispersion of silicon oxide colloid, referred to as silica sol, mixed with organic binder selected from water solution of polyvinyl alcohol, water soluble cellulose, or sugar. Said filler represents mineral powders selected from feldspars, nephelines, syenites mixed with clays and/or kaolin. Note here that, after annealing, said powder produce solid ceramic matrix. |
| Ceramic mass for brick production / 2466956 Brick contains refractory clay, quartzites. At the same time ceramic mass additionally contains liquid potassium glass and spongolite at the following ratio of components, wt %: refractory clay 76.8-82.7; quartzites 15.0-20.0; liquid potassium glass 0.2-0.3; spongolite 2.0-3.0. |
| Crude mixture for making facing tiles / 2444498 Invention relates to production of facing tiles. The crude mixture for making facing tiles contains coal ash and glass cutting mud, with the following ratio of components, wt %: coal ash 49.0-51.0; glass cutting mud 49.0-51.0. |
| Wollastonite-based ceramic mixture / 2422402 Invention relates to the ceramic industry and more specifically to making wollastonite-based lining for assemblies and foundry equipment for metallurgy of aluminium alloys. The ceramic mixture contains wollastonite, oxalic acid and water, with the following ratio of components in wt %: wollastonite 38-42; oxalic acid 2-5; water - the rest. Wollastonite contains a 70-100 mcm or 100-200 mcm or 200-300 mcm monofraction. |
| Crude mixture for making facing tiles / 2413696 Invention relates to production of facing tiles. The crude mixture for making facing tiles contains the following components in wt %: coal ash 49.0-51.0, dry sludge, glass cuttings 49.0-51.0. The crude mixture is moistened to moisture content of 9-11%, pressed under pressure of 20 MPa and roasted at temperature 630-660°C. |
| Method of producing glass-ceramite / 2413685 Invention relates to production of glass-ceramite used for external and internal facing of walls of buildings and other structures. The method of producing glass-ceramite involves preparing and batching crude components, mixing said components, moulding a substrate from the obtained mixture, forming a decorative layer on the substrate and roasting. The substrate is moulded from a mixture which contains the following in wt %: crushed glass 45.0-50.0; clay 10.0-15.0; pearlite 35.0-45.0. Pearlite is first expanded and saturated with 3-5% solutions of cobalt, nickel, manganese or copper nitrate solutions and dried to moisture content of not more than 9%. The decorative layer is obtained by surface glasing the roasted substrate until formation of a glass film. |
 Method of manufacturing structural, heat insulating ceramics and composition for manufacturing thereof / 2379258Method involves preparation of a bulk that is a mineral binding additive - zeolite rock, implying drying thereof at temperature 110-150°C and crushing to the size 0.5 mm and less, slip-process preparation of a fluidising agent by the combined wet ground of said zeolite rock to sieve residue 0088 no more than 2-3% in a ball grinder with adding calcium lignosulphonate (sulphite waste liquor) to produce zeolite-lignosulphonate slurry of density 1.20-1.25 g/cm3, plasticisation of cindery microspheres with the prepared slurry, mixing of a dry binding additive with plasticised microspheres, dry pressing of the products under pressure 20-25 MPa and baking of the half-finished product at temperature 980±20°C. The composition for manufacturing the ceramic material contains the components in the ratio, wt %: cindery microspheres 60-95, zeolite rock 5-40 wt %, zeolite-lignosulphonate slurry 12-16 over 100 %. |
| Raw mixture for preparing light tone engobe for wall ceramics / 2378224 Raw mixture relates to compositions for making engobed ceramics. The said technical outcome is achieved due to that, the light tone engobe raw mixture contains (in wt %): microsilica 84.4-87.8; crushed spent carbon lining of electrolysis cells in aluminium production 11.3-12.7; Tayga detergent 0.9-2.9. |
| Raw mixture for making ceramic objects / 2374206 Invention relates to production of ceramic objects for construction purposes and can be used in making bricks, building tiles, roofing tiles, large-sized wall blocks, paving objects. The raw mixture for making ceramic construction objects contains natural sand, blast-furnace and/or steel-smelting slag, where SiO2 content in the mixture lies between 70 and 85%, with the following ratio of components, wt %: natural sand - 60 to 80; blast-furnace slag - 0 to 40; steel-smelting slag - 0 to 40; soluble glass - 0 to 5. The method of making ceramic construction objects from the said raw mixture involves preparation of the raw mixture, moulding objects and calcination. The raw mixture undergoes combined grinding to particle size of 20 to 50 mcm. Moulding is done at pressure ranging from 35 to 150 MPa, and calcination is done in the following procedure: raising temperature to 500°C at a rate of 150 to 200°C/hour, then to 1050 to 1150°C at a rate of 65 to 150°C/hour, maintaining temperature of 1150°C for 1 to 2 hours, and then cooling at a rate of 100 to 150°C/hour. |
| Method of obtaining wollastonite-based ceramic products / 2365559 Invention relates to technology of manufacturing constructional ceramic elements of accessories of aluminium industry founding units. Claimed method includes preparing of water slip by simultaneous milling of natural wollastonite, kaolin, clay with addition of water, liquid glass and calcined soda, formation of products, drying and burning. In slip additionally introduced is 3-15 mm long silica-alumina fibre in amount 5.0-10.0% of slip weight. Formation of products is realised by method of slip casting into porous forms. |
| Raw mix for manufacture of wall ceramics / 2254308 Raw mix contains 50.69-51.4% of flue ash from brown coal combustion, 41.17-42.06% of microsilica from crystalline silicon production, and 6.54-7.84% of electrofilter dust from aluminum production. |
| Raw mix and a method for manufacturing wall ceramics / 2254309 Raw mix contains 52. 7-56.3% of microsilica, 42.5-46.5% of flue ash, and 0.8-1.2% of electrofilter dust from original aluminum production. Wall ceramic products comprises preparation of blend, molding, drying, and firing at 800°C, and additional steaming of fired products. |
| Raw mixture and method for making wall ceramic article / 2255919 Invention is designated for manufacturing wall ceramic articles. The raw mixture comprises the following components in the ratio, wt.-%: microsilica in manufacturing crystalline silicon, 33.9-54.5; ash fly after combustion of brown coals, 44.5-63.5, and electrofilter dust in basic manufacturing aluminum, 1.0-2.6. Electrofilter dust represents brown color waste and comprises calcium, magnesium and aluminum fluorides, cryolite and organic substances. Method involves preparing the charge, molding, drying, roasting at 800°C and moistening ready articles by keeping in water for 24 h. Invention provides enhancing resistance to cold, reducing average density and roasting temperature of material. |
 Raw mixture and method of producing cellular ceramic materials / 2263087Raw mixture comprises, in mass%, 8.81-9.37 of micro-silicon dioxide, 50.0-53.3 of ash-priming, 3.12-8.6 of carbon lining, 0.06-0.072 of aluminum powder, 0.02-0.31 of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 33.8-35.07 of water. The method comprises preparing the mixture, molding, swelling by vibration, drying at a temperature of 100°C, and roasting at a temperature 800°C. |
 Raw material mixture and method of manufacture of ceramic materials of high-porous structure / 2263088Proposed mixture includes the following components, mass-%: microsilica, 8.06-8.31; fly ash, 56.30-58.20; aluminum powder, 0.40-0.42; detergent, 0.40-0.42; carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.81-0.98; calcium chloride, 0.17-0.19; water, 32.20-33.54. Method of manufacture of ceramic materials of high-porous structure includes preparation of mixture, molding, vibration bulging, drying at temperature of 100°C and roasting at temperature 900°C. |
| Refractory foamed carbon-containing material / 2263648 Invention relates to manufacturing light porous carbon-containing refractory materials. Invention proposes material showing inorganic cellular structure prepared by foaming and hardening the slip composition prepared from ground charge with a gas-forming agent - finely divided crystalline silicon mixed with water glass in the following mass ratios of components in the slip composition: water glass : silicon = (3-6):1 and charge : water glass = (1.0-1.5):1. Charge comprises components in the following ratio, mas. p. p.: mineral filling agent, 45-53; calcined shungite, 15-22; aluminum powder, 10-15. Quartz sand, quartzite, perlite, vermiculite, dinas, cement fly ash and slags are used as a mineral filling agent, Foamed material comprises 12-20 wt.-% of silicon carbide and 25-51 wt.-% of kyanite prepared by exothermic reaction at 1400-1700°C carrying out in volume of hardened porous material. Material shows porosity 60-81% and heat conductivity 0.08-0.18 Wt/m x K at 20°C and shows high mechanical indices and stability in oxidizing medium. Material can be prepared without large energy and labor consumptions. |
| Raw mixture for production of wall ceramic articles / 2267471 Claimed mixture contains as starting components (mass %) microsilica from crystal silicium production 51.9-52.9; fly ash from brown coal combustion 43.3-42.4; electrostatic cleaner from aluminum production 0.9-1.0, and detergent 2.9-4.7. |
| Raw materials mixture for production of wall ceramic products / 2268866 The invention is pertaining to the field of construction industry, in particular, to production raw materials mixture for production of wall ceramic products. The technical result of the invention is an increased frost resistance of the products at reduction of a shrinkage and temperatures of the material roasting. The raw materials mixture contains (in mass %): microsilica of production of crystalline silicon - 30.43-31.82, a fly ash from incineration of brown coals - 56.52-59.09 and a prorash from bucking of the spent carbon lining of electrolytic baths - 9.09-13.04. |
| Raw mixture for making wall ceramic article / 2269500 Invention proposes a raw mixture and composites for making wall ceramic articles. Proposed raw mixture for making wall ceramic articles comprises as raw components microsilica from manufacture of crystalline silicon, fly ash after combustion of brown coals, spills after crushing the depleted coal fettling of electrolyzers and detergent "Taiga" taken in the following ratio of components, wt.-%: microsilica, 30.4-31.0; fly ash, 56,3-57.5; spills after crushing the depleted coal fettling of electrolyzers, 8.8-9.0, and detergent "Taiga", 2.7-4.3. Invention provides enhancing strength and resistance to cold, decreasing shrinkage and the roasting point. |
 Method of manufacturing products based on silica-containing binder / 2283818Invention relates to manufacture of a variety of different-destination building products such as bricks, wall blocks, footway materials, face wall and floor tiles as well as various heat-insulation and structural heat-insulation units like slabs, blocks, shells, and segments showing elevated strength and heat-insulation characteristics based on silica-containing binder using non-expensive mineral raw material and production wastes. Method involves preparing silica-containing binder with density 1.1-2.1 g/cc from mixture composed of inorganic bonding material, silica-containing component, and water under vigorous stirring in high-speed mixer at stirring speed 1500-2500 rpm, stirred particle vibration frequency2000-35000 Hz, and heating to 80-90°C followed by cooling at stirring with speed 40-100 rpm for 10-12 h to 15-25°C. Preparation of molding blend is accomplished by blending 9.0-13.5% of silica-containing binder with silica-containing aggregate, homogenizing the blend, and heat treatment of molded products at 400-950°C. When combustible aggregates are used heat treatment is carried out at 90°C. |
FIELD: chemistry.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of construction materials and is intended for manufacturing facing ceramic tiles. Raw material mix for obtaining facing ceramics contains quartzite with fractions 0.5-0.315 mm and 0.08-0.056 mm, with their ratio 1.25-1:1, mixed with mix of refractory clay and glass breakage with ratio of clay and glass breakage 1:1.2-1 with mixture fraction not larger than 0.056 mm. Components of raw material mix are in the following ratio, wt %: quartzite - 60-65, mix of refractory clay and glass breakage 35-40.
EFFECT: increased bending strength of burned samples of facing ceramic tiles.
2 tbl
The invention relates to the production of building materials and is intended for manufacturing of facing ceramic tile.
Known ceramic wall containing product
quartz sand
70-85calcium oxide
5-10caustic soda
5-10liquid glass with a specific gravity of 1.3-1.35 g/cm 3
5-10,(Patent RF №2064910, IPC 04 35/00, 04 35/14 of 13.05.1994, publ. 10.08.1996,). A disadvantage of known mass is relatively low Flexural strength of the claimed range of component relations raw mix (from 25 to 70 MPa).
Closest to the claimed is ceramic product containing component, binder and glass, in the following ratio of components, raw mix,% Mas.:
ground quartz sand
30-60 binder 5-10 filler 3-15quartz sand
rest(Patent RF №2135431, IPC 04 35/14 of 01.12.1998, publ. 27.08.1999,).
Strength of ceramic products at compression achieved within 69-111 MPa and Flexural strength - 23-42 MPa, which is insufficient for this purpose of the product.
The task of the raw mix for receipt of facing ceramics is a significant increase in Flexural burnt samples of facing ceramic tile.
This is achieved by the fact that in the raw mix for receipt of facing ceramics containing crushed component and glass, as component using quartzite, fractions of 0.5-V 0.315 mm and 0.08-0,056 mm, at a ratio of 1.25-1:1, mixed with a mixture of refractory clay and cullet at the ratio of clay and cullet 1:1,2-1 faction mixture of 0,056 mm in the following ratio components of the raw material mixture, mass%:
quartzite
60-65a mixture of refractory
35-40clay and cullet
Quartzites are products of recrystallization of quartz Sandstone and other siliceous deposits or replacement of quartz rocks original composition in the process of metamorphism. Education quartzite associated with compaction and cementation primary quartz Sands, as a result of these processes in quartz sandstones, change which leads to the formation of quartzite. Quartzites differ from quartz sand in the presence of siliceous cement, affirming the grains of quartz in a continuous dense mass with conchoidal fracture. The presence of flint cement in the quartzite determines the high strength quartzite at compression - 450 MPa. High strength properties quartzite determine the prospects of their usage as a component of facing ceramic material based on the possible combinations of quartzite and low-melting component of cullet in a complex with technological bunch of refractory clay to create structure of a ceramic material.
Raw mix for receipt of facing ceramics is implemented as follows. Quartzites subjected to grinding in ball mills fine grinding, subsequently split into fractions of 0.5-V 0.315 mm and 0.08-0,056 mm, mixing factions in the drum mixer in the ratio of 1.25-1:1. Later in the drum mixer served a mixture of refractory clay and cullet, pre-shredded to a fraction of not more 0,056 mm drum mixer for homogenization of raw mixture to quartzites is served powdered mixture of refractory clay and cullet in the total number of 35 to 40 wt.% with a ratio of refractory clay to 1:1,2 - 1. The mixture is compressed at a specific pressure of pressing 30-35 MPa, subjected to high-speed fired at a maximum temperature of 1,000 degrees .-technical properties of facing ceramic tiles with different ratios of fractions of 0.5-V 0.315 mm and 0.08-0,056 mm quartzite and with different content of mixture of cullet and refractory clay in the ceramic mass are presented in table 1.
Table 1The ratio of fractions of 0.5-V 0.315 mm and 0.08-0,056 mm in quartzite, .
The content of the mixture cullet and refractory clay ceramic weight, wt.%
The firing temperature, C
Flexural strength, MPa
a 0.25:1 35 1000 78 0,5:1 35 1000 80 0,75:1 35 1000 83 1:1 30 1000 87 1:1 35 1000 96 1:1 40 1000 94 1:1 45 1000 81 a 1.25:1 30 1000 89 a 1.25:1 35 1000 99 a 1.25:1 40 1000 96 a 1.25:1 45 1000 84 a 1.5:1 35 1050 89of 1.75:1
35 1050 80Early signs of deformation
2:1 35 1050 84Early signs of deformation
Data analysis table 1 shows that the maximum values of bending strength for the claimed relationship fractions of 0.5-V 0.315 mm and 0.08-0,056 mm quartzite, corresponds to 1.25:1 and the total concentration of a mixture of refractory clay and cullet in the raw a mixture of 35-40%by weight.
At optimum value ratio fractions of 0.5-V 0.315 mm and 0.08-0,056 mm in quartzite of 1.25:1 . and optimum value of the content of the mixture refractory clay and cullet 35 wt.% detected interval ratios refractory clay and cullet. Results are shown in table 2.
Table 2The ratio of refractory clay to
The firing temperature, C
Flexural strength, MPa
1,2:1 1000 80 of 1.1:1 1000 87 1:1 1000 96 1:1,1 1000 97 1:1,2 1000 99 1:1,3 1000 89 1:1,4 1000 85 1:1,5 1000 81Analysis of the data of table 2 indicates that the maximum bending strength values correspond to the present ratio of refractory clay to 1:1,2.
Raw mix for receipt of facing ceramics containing crushed component and cullet, notable as component using quartzite fractions of 0.5-V 0.315 and 0.08-0,056 mm at a ratio of 1.25-1:1, mixed with a mixture of refractory clay and cullet at the ratio of clay and cullet 1:1,2-1 faction mixture of 0,056 mm in the following ratio of components, raw mix,% Mas.:
quartzite
60-65a mixture of refractory clay and cullet
35-40