Ion mobility spectrometers
 Source of ionisation based on barrier discharge / 2472246In a device for generation of ions, comprising an ionising chamber, including the first electrode, the second electrode arranged opposite to it, and a dielectric element installed between the first and second electrodes and tightly adjacent to the working surface of the first electrode, and also a source of high voltage, according to a utility model, the second electrode is arranged in the form of a metal cap, covering the dielectric element with the first electrode installed on it, besides, the bottom of the second electrode is arranged in the form of a grid, covered with a thin dielectric layer coated at both sides, the area of the working surface of the first electrode is commensurate to the maximum to the area of the grid of the second electrode, and the dielectric element is arranged in the form of the cap and is installed inside the second electrode. |
 Method of separating ions of organic and bioorganic compounds based on ion mobility increment and transportation of said ions inside supersonic gas stream / 2468464Basis of the invention is separating ions from an external source in an ion mobility increment spectrometer (IMIS) with a cylindrical symmetrical shape with a partitioned external electrode, where independently varying dispersion voltage and compensating voltage is applied across sections. These voltages facilitate focusing of the desired ions in the initial section of the drift channel near the middle of the analytical interval of the IMIS, their controlled shift to the outer surface of the external electrode in the middle part of the drift channel and controlled shift to the central electrode in the final part of the drift channel. This enables to primarily transmit desired ions with offset from impurity ions due to their probable dying at electrodes of the IMIS. Surviving ions, under the action of the electric field and a small portion of the gas stream entering the capillary which forms a supersonic gas stream, drift into that capillary and inside the supersonic gas stream coming out of that capillary and enter into the next mass analyser. Separation of signals from all ions focused inside the IMIS is possible based on detecting two-dimensional or four-dimensional distribution of flux density of the detected ions when scanning voltages which shift ions to electrodes of the IMIS. |
 Electrode system of linear ion trap / 2466475Electrode system of a linear ion trap has four electrodes, each pair oppositely located. Plains of symmetry of electrode pairs are perpendicular to each other. The system differs from prototype in that each electrode of at least one pair has in the cross section substantially the shape of an isosceles triangle. The vertex of the triangle is directed towards the longitudinal axis of the trap. The best result is achieved when angle between lateral sides of the triangle is 130°-152°, i.e, the angle between the working surfaces of the electrodes is 130°-152°. The width of the longitudinal slit for ejecting ions in such an electrode is less than 24% of the inscribed radius of the trap. The disclosed electrode system for a linear ion trap enables to achieve high resolution which is comparable with the resolution of ion traps of hyperbolic electrode section, i.e. significantly higher than can be achieved by the prototype ion trap. At the same time the working surface of electrodes in proposed system is composed of flat surfaces, which are placed at an angle whose vertex is directed towards the axis of the ion trap. Manufacturing of such electrodes is much simpler. An angle in the region of the slit of the electrode compensates for local weakening of the field. |
 Apparatus for manipulating charged particles / 2465679Apparatus for manipulating charged particles has a set of electrodes arranged to form a channel for movement of charged particles, as well as an electric power supply which applies supply voltage across the electrodes, which enables to form a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, the pseudopotential of which has one or more local extrema along the length of the channel for movement of charged particles on at least a certain time interval, wherein at least one of said pseudopotential extrema moves in time on at least a certain time interval on at least part of the channel for movement of charged particles. |
 Method of determining isotopic composition of methane / 2461909Method involves feeding a sample for analysis; converting methane to an analyte in air or oxygen-containing gas; feeding the analyte for analysis; ionising the analyte; isotopic analysis of ions of the analyte using a mass-analyser. The analyte is methanol and conversion is carried out via gaseous electrical discharge. |
 Method of analysing charged particles based on energy mass and apparatus for realising said method / 2459310Analysis based on energy and mass is carried out in superimposed radial electric field of a Hughes-Rozhansky energy analyser and the magnetic field if a Wien filter and the longitudinal electric field of the Wien filter which lies across said two fields. The Hughes-Rozhansky energy analyser and the Wien filter are merged in a single structure, the Wien filter being cylindrical. The ion detector and the distance between cylindrical plates are determined by focusing conditions of the target ions. |
 Analyser for flight-type quadrupole mass-spectrometer with three-dimensional focusing / 2458428Analyser has an electrode system and two electrodes which bound the electrode system on the z axis, with two holes in one of said electrodes for inlet and outlet of analysed ions. Coordinate values of the centres of the holes for inlet and outlet of ions on similar coordinate axes are equal in magnitude, but at least one pair of corresponding coordinate values has different signs. |
 Multi-reflecting time-of-flight mass-analyser and time-of-flight mass-spectrometer having said mass-analyser / 2458427Multi-reflecting time-of-flight mass-analyser has two parallel gridless ion mirrors, each having an elongated structure in the direction (Z) of drift. These ion mirrors provide a convoluted ion path formed by multiple reflections of ions in the direction (X) of flight, orthogonal to the direction (Z) of drift. The analyser also has an additional gridless ion mirror for reflecting ions in the direction (Z) of drift. During operation, ions are spatially separated according to the mass-to-charge ratio due to different time of flight along the convoluted ion path and ions having essentially the same mass-to-charge ratio are subject to energy focusing with respect to the direction of flight and drift. |
 Static ion mass analyser / 2456700Static ion mass analyser comprises a source of ions, a focusing system, an object slot, an aperture diaphragm, energy-dispersed electrostatic sector and magnet sector. The electrostatic sector is installed relative to the magnetic sector so that directions of optical axes rotation in the electrostatic sector and the magnetic sector match each other. The electrostatic sector is installed relative to the source of ions so that the plane of the optical image of the object slot is located between the electrostatic sector and the magnetic sector. In the plane of the optical image of the object slot there is an energy-filtering diaphragm. There is a collimating lens installed between the electrostatic sector and the magnetic sector. |
 Ion mobility spectrometer / 2455725Ion mobility spectrometer has a reaction chamber (1), a drift electrode (2) and an ion detector (3). The reaction chamber (1) is fitted with an input port (4) for feeding the analysed substance in a mixture with a carrier gas and a corona discharge source made in form of segment of a hemisphere (5) on whose inner surface facing the drift electrode (2) there are metal spikes (6) with small curvature radius at the apex of the spikes. A controlled grid valve (7) is placed between the ion source and the drift electrode (2). The drift electrode (2) is made from high-resistivity material with resistivity in the range of (0.3-2.0)×104 ohm×m, and is connected to a drift voltage (8) source. An ion detector (3) is placed at the output of the drift electrode (2). |
 Methods and device for controlling installation incorporating quadruple ion trap / 2249275Digital excitation device for quadruple installation such as quadruple ion trap 20, 21 has digital signal generator 11, 13, 14, and switching equipment 16, 17 that functions to alternately change over voltages 18, 19 from higher to lower level (V1, V2) and vice versa for shaping voltage in the form of square wave. Dipole excitation voltage is also supplied to quadruple installation for exciting resonant vibration motions of ions. |
 Method for analyzing charged particles in hyperboloid mass spectrometer of three-dimensional ion trap type / 2260871Proposed method for analyzing charged particles in hyperboloid mass spectrometry of three-dimensional ion trap type includes measurement of electric field parameters (mass spectrum sweep) started simultaneously with input of ions in trap space and completion of ion input as soon as working point of ion corresponding to one of boundaries of mass operating range reaches boundary of stability zone whose use discharges ions from trap. |
 Method for serviceability check of ion-mobility spectrometer incorporating surface-ionized ion thermoemitter / 2263996Proposed method for serviceability check of ion-mobility spectrometer incorporating surface-ionized ion thermoemitter, including spectrometer checkup dispensing with reference materials and for measuring spectrometer parameters in single cycle includes air pumping through spectrometer at volume velocity ranging between 2 and 10 l/min, application of dc voltage Uacc between thermoemitter plus and ion lens electrode minus, measurement of thermoemitter ion current Ite by means of external device, and setting of thermoemitter operating temperature Top between 250 and 650 °C and Uacc between 30 and 600 V so as to provide for thermoemitter ion current Ite of (10-11 - 10-8) A; recording of ion drift spectrum; evaluation of half-width of ion current peak in drift spectrum at half its height ΔU, ion current peak maximum Imax, and compensating voltage Uc in ion current peak maximum; calculation of Kpc =(Imax/ Ite), and estimation of condition of ion mobility spectrometer incorporating surface-ionized ion thermoemitter by values of ΔU, Kpc, and Uc and shape of collector ion current peak including thermoemitter current Ite. |
 Ion spectrum measurement process and transit-time ion spectrometer / 2266587Charge and mass composition is measured by accelerating ions in accelerating gap formed in vacuum chamber between input end of drift tube and plasma when negative-polarity voltage pulse of length shorter than transit time in drift tube of accelerated ions of plasma being analyzed is applied to drift tube at maximal Z/Mi ratio, where Z is ion charge in plasma; Mi is ion mass. Voltage pulse is supplied from negative-polarity accelerating-voltage pulse source whose high-voltage lead is electrically connected to drift tube and other lead, to vacuum-chamber ground. When in transit, accelerated ions are divided within drift tube into mass, charge, and energy clots and separated clots are recorded by detector. |
 Method for analyzing ions by specific charges in hyperboloid mass spectrometer of type "three-dimensional trap" including introduction of ions being analyzed from outside / 2269179Proposed method for analyzing ions by specific charges in hyperboloid mass spectrometer of "three-dimensional ion trap" type includes introduction of ions into working space of analyzer, their entrapping by field, sorting out according to specific charges, followed by heir delivery to inlet of ion detector; ions are entrapped selectively by setting high-frequency supply voltage amplitude, and/or waveform, and/or frequency at which working point of ions being analyzed on stability diagram of at least one of coordinates on iso-β0 line corresponding to β0 =0 value, where β0 is parameter of stability. |
 Method for analyzing ions by specific charges in hyperboloid mass spectrometer of type "three-dimensional trap" including introduction of ions being analyzed from outside / 2269180Proposed method includes introduction of ions into working space of analyzer near its radial plane, their sorting out according to specific charges, and their delivery to ion detector input; parameters of high-frequency voltage applied to analyzer electrodes (waveform and/or amplitude, and/or frequency) are chosen so as to ensure that working point on one of coordinate axes of ions being analyzed is deep in stabilization zone and on other axis, near intersection point of mass spectrum line and stability zone boundary corresponding to β0 = +1, where β0 is parameter of stability. |
 Gas mixture analyzing device / 2272334Proposed device has gas mixture ionizer with ion-optic system, stigmatically focused mass-spectrometer, solid-state converter, electrostatic analyzer, and recording unit, all arranged in tandem along motion direction of particles. Converter is made of ultra-thin diamond-like foil disposed at 45 deg. to motion direction of particles and in same plane as one of plates of electrostatic analyzer made in the form of flat capacitor. Converter is enclosed by cylinder to form combined Faraday cylinder whose axis coincides with motion direction of particles; cylinder, converter, and electrostatic analyzer plate are electrically insulated from one another; input of charged-particles recorder is disposed in same electrostatic analyzer plate as converter. Charged-particles converter can be made in the form of amplifier on microchannel strip or in the form of set of secondary electronic multipliers. |
 Mode of measuring of a common concentration of carbon and hydrocarbon oxides in oxygen with the aid of spectrometry of mobility of ions / 2273847The mode includes the following operations: transformation of carbon and hydrocarbon oxide present in the flow of oxygen into dioxide; measuring of the concentration of carbon dioxide in oxygen after transformation; determination according to the results of measuring in accordance with the previous operation of the common initial concentration of carbon and hydrocarbon oxide. |
 Method and device for sorting out charged particles by specific charge / 2276426Mass analyzer built around confined ion trap and designed to improve consumer properties as well as to extend service life of mass spectrometers using hyperboloid electrode systems has hyperboloid butt-end electrode and plane-confined annular one, cylindrical shielding and focusing electrodes, as well as semitransparent flat correcting electrode. Charged particles are produced due to electron shock in space between annular and correcting electrodes beyond working space of mass analyzer. Ions are entered in analyzer under action of accelerating voltage across correcting and focusing electrode; period and phase of accelerating voltage are coordinated with those of variable field and with original coordinates and speeds of charged particles. Sorted out ions are brought out through annular electrode hole and through semitransparent correcting electrode under action of positive voltage across butt-end electrode. |
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Method and device for sorting out charged particles by specific charge / 2276426 Mass analyzer built around confined ion trap and designed to improve consumer properties as well as to extend service life of mass spectrometers using hyperboloid electrode systems has hyperboloid butt-end electrode and plane-confined annular one, cylindrical shielding and focusing electrodes, as well as semitransparent flat correcting electrode. Charged particles are produced due to electron shock in space between annular and correcting electrodes beyond working space of mass analyzer. Ions are entered in analyzer under action of accelerating voltage across correcting and focusing electrode; period and phase of accelerating voltage are coordinated with those of variable field and with original coordinates and speeds of charged particles. Sorted out ions are brought out through annular electrode hole and through semitransparent correcting electrode under action of positive voltage across butt-end electrode. |
FIELD: metallurgy.
SUBSTANCE: device has reaction region separated from drift region by electrostatic gate. Doping material is fed into reaction region from doping circuit while drift region is not alloyed. Two ion modifiers to create strong field are arranged in drift region, one after another. One modifier to remove alloying adducts from ions or both modifiers may be used to subject ions to fragmentation.
EFFECT: extra data on origin of analysed matter to distinguish it from impurities.
8 cl, 1 dwg
The present invention relates to spectrometers mobility of ions having drift region and the reaction region.
Analysis of the mobility of ions is typically used to detect the presence of explosives, dangerous chemicals and other vapors. The ion mobility spectrometer typically includes a detector cell that is fed continuously sample air containing a suspicious or an analyte in the form of a gas or vapor. The cell operates at atmospheric or close to atmospheric pressure and contains electrodes, creating it the voltage gradient. Molecules in the air sample are ionized, for example, using a radioactive source, a source of ultraviolet radiation or corona discharge, and fall into the drift region of the cell by means of an electric shutter, located at one end. The ionized molecules are drifting to the opposite end of the cell at a speed dependent on the mobility of the ion. Measuring the time of flight through the cell, it is possible to identify the ion.
It was found that in the undoped system of the ion mobility spectrometer certain nerve substances, when they are subjected to ion modification of a strong electric field, create identifiable peaks breakdown. This increases the information that can be obtained from spectra, and increases the reliability of detection of the analyte.
To improve detection, a common practice has been added to the analyzed substance alloying substances, to distinguish it from any impurity, which has a similar range. Alloying substance is chosen so that when the connection with the substance of interest, it created an identifiable pair of spectral peaks in respect of undoped and doped analyte. In addition, the alloying substance is chosen so that it does not form a connection with someone admixture or connected with it by obtaining the spectrum, easily distinguishable from the spectrum of the substance of interest.
It was found that in the alloy system of the modification of the ions is not possible. On the contrary, the modification process removes ions adducts alloying materials of certain ions, not modifying the ion itself. This can occur because of the adduct of doping substances is removed from the ion only when he was in the modifier most of the way and left in the distance modifier is too small for further modification of the ions. Ions without adducts will remain only if the scope of the modifier ions will not contain alloying substances, as would otherwise occur recombination.
The aim of the invention is the creation of alternative mobility spectrometer ion.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a spectrometer, the ion mobility of the specified type, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of alloying reaction region without doping the drift region, the spectrometer includes at least two selectively operating modifier ions, which are located one after another along the path of the ions so that at least one of them at work removes ion adducts of doping.
At least one of the modifier ions are preferably arranged to create an electric field strong enough to fragment ions. Alternatively, at least one of the modifier ions is arranged to raise the temperature to a level sufficient to fragment ions. The spectrometer preferably contains a channel for the flow of filtered gas through the drift region in order to remove from it any alloying materials. The spectrometer may include a circuit alloying for supplying vapor of the alloying substances in the reaction region near the drift region and venting of doping substances on the opposite end of the reaction region to the alloying substance came out of the drift region is. The spectrometer may include an electrostatic shutter, located between the reaction region and the drift region. The spectrometer may be configured to control modifier ions in response to detection of the peak corresponding to known external impurities, so that the adducts of doping are removed. The spectrometer can be made with the possibility of the formation of the first output signal when both of the modifier ions is turned off, the second output signal when only one modifier ions, and a third output signal when both of the modifier ions.
The following example shows a run of the ion mobility spectrometer according to the invention with reference to the drawing, depicting his concept.
The spectrometer has a tubular drift cell 1, on the left end of which is an inlet opening 2, through which it introduces the sample of the analyte in the form of gas or vapor through a selective barrier, such as a membrane microchannel and the like (not shown). The inlet 2 communicates with the ionization region 3, containing the usual ionization source 4, such as a source of corona discharge, radioactive source, an ultraviolet source, photoionization, etc. Ionization region 3 is communicated with the reaction area 5, in which ions are generated source is 4, react with the molecules of the analyte. The reaction area 5 contains several along her 6 pairs of electrodes fed by the source 7 voltage, to create in this area of potential gradient which moves ions to the right. The reaction region 5 is connected to circuit 8 of doping, including a common source 9 alloying materials and the pump 10. The output 11 of the circuit 8 connected with cell 1 at the right end of the reaction region 5, and the inlet 12 from the left end of the reaction region, so that the alloying gas flows into the reaction region from right to left.
The right end of the reaction region 5 is connected with the drift region 20 through a conventional electrostatic shutter 21, permeable or not permeable to ions from the reaction region 5 in the drift region. The operation of the shutter 21 controls the block 22 processing and management. The drift region 20 contains a collector or detector plate 23, the output of which is connected to the input unit 22 of the processing for obtaining the usual manner, the output spectrum corresponding to ions trapped on the plate. The output range is applied to the display 24 or a similar tool. 25 pairs of electrodes along the drift region 20 at a distance from each other, connected with a source 26 of voltage to create the length of the drift region of the gradient of the potential to move ions after the and right to collector plate 23.
Directly behind the shutter 21 in the drift region 20 has two modifier 30 and 31 of ions, each in the form of a pair of parallel electrode arrays located transversely relative to the trajectory of the ions, which passes through the axis of the cell 1. The design of the gratings 30 and 31 is such that the ions can pass freely through them, in particular, lattice preferably represent a grid of electrical wires, between which ions can pass. Modifiers 30 and 31 of the ions is connected to the processing block 22, which feeds between lattices high voltage sufficient to change the nature of any ions in the space between the gratings, for example, by fragmenting ions. An additional effect of this strong field is removed from the ion adducts of doping. Can be used an alternative modifier ions, using heat, radiation, electric discharge, magnetic fields, or lasers. Although in this example, the modifier 30 and 31 ions are close to each other, they can be removed from each other, i.e. the right modifier, located downstream, may be shifted by some distance along the drift region 20.
In the drift region 20 circulates clean dry air from the system 32 create an air flow exit 33 which is connected to the cell 12 near the collector plates is 23, and the entrance 34 is located directly to the left of the shutter 21. System 32 create an air stream contains series-connected pump 35 and the filter in the form of a molecular sieve 36, located between the inlet 34 and the outlet 33. Circulating the air in the drift region 20 is moving from right to left and is dried and purified by molecular sieve 36. System 32 create an air stream removes a pair of alloying substances that can penetrate into it from the reaction region 5. Thus, the reaction doped region 5 and the drift region 20 is not doped.
When the pair spectrometer analyte comes into the cell 1 through the inlet 2 and subjected to alloying and ionization in the reaction chamber 5. Received ions move to the shutter 21 field created by the plates 6. Doped ions are skipped at specific points in time, the shutter 21, the managed unit 22 processing/management, and act in the drift region 20. During normal operation, when the voltage at the modifiers 30 and 31 of the ions is not filed and they don't work, doped ions move in the drift region 20 to the detector plate 23 and create in block 22 of the processing of the corresponding signals. However, if the output signal peak appears inherent in the known external impurities, both modifier 30 and 31 are included and become a slave to the state games, etc. In the upper stream, the left modifier 30 removes from passing therein ions of any adduct of doping. Jonah, now, not alloyed, are in the lower flow modifier 31 and exposed it further modification, causing fragmentation or other chemical changes of the ions. Since the drift region 20 is doped, undoped and modified ions move in it without the effect of any alloying materials. This causes such a change of the output signal at the collector plate 23, which signal is generated representing the interest of the analyzed substance and any impurity will be different when the modifiers 30 and 31 of the ions is included. Outcalibrate before operating the device with the analyte and any impurities it is possible to distinguish the substance from any impurities.
The system can be made so that the output signal of the collector plate 23 is first controlled by only one modifier 30 working so that the only change is the removal of adducts of doping. Can then be included in the second modifier 31. Thus, we obtain three different output signals: one is due to the doped ions when no modifier is not included, the second non-modified non-alloy ions when the and included one modifier, and the third non-alloy modified by ions when both modifier.
The spectrometer may have more than two modifiers ions.
1. The ion mobility spectrometer having a drift region (20) and the reaction region (5), characterized in that it is made with the ability to legitamate the reaction region (5) of reaction without doping the drift region (20) and contains at least two selectively operating modifier (30 and 31) ions, are installed one after the other in the drift region (20) along the trajectory of the ions so that at least one of them at work removes ion adducts of doping.
2. The spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the modifiers (30, 31) ions is arranged to create an electric field strong enough to fragment ions.
3. The spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the modifier ions is arranged to raise the temperature to a level sufficient to fragment ions.
4. The spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it includes a channel (32) for the flow of filtered gas through the drift region (20) to remove from it any alloying materials.
5. The spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains a circuit (8) alloy for supplying vapor of doping substances is in the reaction region (5) near the drift region (20) and venting of doping substances on the opposite end of the reaction region (5), to alloying substance released from the drift region (20).
6. The spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains electrostatic shutter (21)located between the reaction region (5) and the drift region (20).
7. The spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is made with the ability to control modifiers (30, 31) ions in response to detection of the peak corresponding to known external impurities, so that the adducts of doping are removed.
8. The spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is arranged to receive the first output signal when both of the modifier (30 and 31) ions is turned off, the second output signal when only one modifier (30 or 31) ions, and a third output signal when both of the modifier (30 and 31) ions.