Devices and methods for data storage

FIELD: information technologies.

SUBSTANCE: storage device comprises a plastic substrate, having multiple volumes arranged in the form of paths along multiple vertically packaged layers. The substrate demonstrates a non-linear optically sensitive functional characteristic, which is a threshold functional characteristic. The device comprises multiple micro-holograms, every of which is contained in the appropriate one of the volumes. Availability or absence of a microhologram in each of volumes characterises a stored data area.

EFFECT: expansion of allowance to misalignment of recoding optics.

36 cl, 40 dwg

The technical FIELD TO WHICH the INVENTION RELATES.

The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for storing data, more specifically, to optical systems and methods of data storage and holographic systems and data storage methods.

The LEVEL of TECHNOLOGY

As you know, currently, there is a need for systems and methods of storing data. Volume holographic recording systems mainly use two colliding laser or light beam, converging inside photosensitive holographic medium to form an interference pattern. The specified interference pattern causes a change or modulation of the refractive index of the holographic media. In those cases, when in response to the data that must be encoded, modulated by one of the light beams, the resulting interference pattern encodes the data modulation as intensity and phase. The recorded information of the phase and intensity can later be detected in response to a re-introduction or unmodulated reference beam, thereby restoring the encoded data as a reflection.

The famous "page" holographic storage devices have data recorded on the holographic storage medium in parallel on a 2-dimensional is assiah or "pages".

It is desirable to provide a relatively simple, inexpensive and reliable system of holographic memory. Additionally, the desired bit-oriented holographic memory system.

DISCLOSURE of INVENTIONS

The data storage device, comprising: a plastic substrate having a lot of volumes arranged along tracks in many Packed vertically, laterally extending layers; and many microholograms, each of which is contained in the corresponding one of the volumes; in which the presence or absence of microholograms in each of the volumes characterizes a corresponding portion of the stored data.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION of DRAWINGS

The invention is further explained in the description of specific variants of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar parts are denoted by the same numbers of positions and on which:

figure 1 illustrates the configuration for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays

figure 2 illustrates an alternative configuration for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays

figure 3 illustrates an alternative configuration for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays

figure 4 Illus who operates an alternative configuration for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays

figure 5 illustrates an alternative configuration for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays

6 illustrates a graph of intensity of light,

Fig.7 illustrates the modulation of the refractive index in a linear medium, corresponding to the intensity chart of figure 6,

Fig illustrates the expected Bragg detuning of the hologram as a function of the diffraction efficiency on the difference of the temperature record and the temperature reading,

Fig.9 illustrates the expected Bragg detuning of the hologram as a function of the diffraction efficiency from changes in the angles,

figa-10B illustrate the light intensity and the corresponding refractive index is essentially linear optically sensitive media

figs-10D illustrate the light intensity and the corresponding refractive index is essentially nonlinear optically sensitive media

figa-11B illustrate the light intensity and the corresponding refractive index is essentially linear optically sensitive media

figs-11D illustrate the light intensity and the corresponding refractive index is essentially nonlinear optically sensitive media

Fig illustrates the expected ratios are the NT reflect microholograms as a function of the modulation of the refractive index,

figa and 13B illustrate the expected profiles of temperature rise as a function of position at different points in time,

figa and 14C illustrate the expected changes in refractive index as a function of increasing temperature and the corresponding modes of reading and writing microholograms,

figa-15C illustrate the expected ratio between the energy of the incident light beam required to raise the temperature of the material below the critical temperature as a function of the corresponding optical flux density and normalized linear absorption, shifting a light beam and a distance using a reverse saturable absorber and the transmission coefficient and flux density using a reverse saturable absorber,

figa and 16B illustrate the expected exposure counter of the light rays inside the carrier and the corresponding temperature rise,

figs illustrates the expected change in the refractive index corresponding to the temperature of figures 16A and 16B,

figa illustrates the changes of normalized transmittance ortho-nitrostilbene at 25°C and 160°C as a function of time,

figv illustrates the change in the quantum efficiency of ortho-nitrostilbene as a function of temperature,

figs illustrates the absorption dimethylamino-di is nitrostilbene as a function of wavelength at 25°C and 160°C,

Fig illustrates the tracking and configuration of the detector focus

figa-19 (C) illustrate the contour of the contoured profile of the refractive index,

Fig illustrates a cross-section of the incident laser beam, "colliding" about the region recorded holographic media

figa-C illustrate the distribution of the near zone (z=-2 microns)corresponding to the simulation of circular microholograms figures 19A-19S,

figa-22S illustrate the distribution in the far zone, the corresponding distributions of the far zone figures 21A-C, respectively,

figa-23C illustrate the contour of the contoured profile of the refractive index,

figa-24C illustrate the distribution in the far zone, the appropriate modeling of the circular microholograms figures 23A-23C,

figa-25C illustrate the distribution in the far zone, the corresponding distributions of the far zone figures 24A-24C, respectively,

figa-26D illustrates the configuration of a detector of the tracking and focusing and illustrative measurement conditions,

Fig illustrates the focus servo system and a tracking

Fig illustrates the format, having a spiral track, alternating directions,

Fig illustrates a different start point and the end of the track,

Fig illustrates the formatting, including essentially all microg rogramme,

Fig illustrates the formatting, including long microholograms,

Fig illustrates the off-axis recording of microholograms,

Fig illustrates the off-axis reflection of microholograms,

figa-34B illustrate write and read off-axis microholograms,

Fig illustrates the configuration of the cooking paired exemplary media microgeographical media

Fig illustrates the configuration of the cooking exemplary carrier conjugate microgeographical media

Fig illustrates the configuration of the cooking exemplary media microgeographical media from paired exemplary microgeographical media

Fig illustrates the configuration of the exemplary preparation microgeographical media distribution of exemplary microgeographical media

Fig illustrates the writing of data by changing a pre-formatted microgeographical array, and

Fig illustrates the configuration of the read storage device on the basis of microgeographical array.

IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION

It should be understood that the figures and descriptions of the present invention is simplified to illustrate elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the present invention, thus, lowering, DL is clear, many other items that can be found in a typical holographic methods and systems. However, because such elements are well known in the prior art and because they do not contribute to a better understanding of the present invention, a discussion of such elements is not provided. The description here is directed at all the variations and modifications known to experts.

Review

System volumetric optical storage devices have the potential to meet the needs of data storage large capacity. In contrast to the traditional formats of storage devices on optical disks, such as the formats CD-ROM (CD) and digital multi-function disk (DVD), in which digital information is stored in one (or at most two) reflecting layer(s)in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the digital content is stored in localized variations in the refractive index in the set of volumes that are located in vertically Packed, laterally spaced tracks in the data carrier. Each of these tracks can be set corresponding lateral, for example, radially directed the layer.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the individual bits or groups of bits of data can be encoded as separate microholograms, each is th of which contains essentially in the corresponding one of the volumes. In one embodiment, the implementation of the media or the media are in the form of thermoplastic disc, get cast molding, which exhibits one or more nonlinear functional characteristics. Nonlinear functional characteristics can be realized in the form of changes of the refractive index, which is a nonlinear function of impact energy, such as the intensity or energy of the incident optical radiation or heating. In the above embodiment, generating the interference fringe within a specified volume of media, can be selectively encode in this volume, one or more bits of data as later detectable modulation of the refractive index. Thus, for data storage can be used three-dimensional molecular photosensitive matrix of the change of the refractive index.

According to one aspect of the present invention, nonlinear functional characteristics may determine the condition of the energy threshold, below which there is no significant change of the refractive index and above which is induced by the measured change in the refractive index. Thus, the selected volume can be read or restored by the collision of the incident light beam, the ima is the total transmitted energy is below the threshold, and to be written or erased using a light beam having transmitted energy above the threshold. Accordingly, there can be installed a dense matrix of volumes, each of which may or may not be microholograms essentially contained within them. Each microprogram is implemented as a striped configuration of subfields having different refractive indices, which correspond to the interference bands of oppositely propagating light beams used for recording microholograms. In cases where the modulation of the refractive index quickly fades as a function of distance from a specified volume, such as the encoded bit center, the volumes can be Packed more tightly.

According to one aspect of the present invention, changes of refractive index in a specific volume can be induced localized profiles of temperature distribution corresponding to the interference bands colliding laser beams passing through this volume. In one of the embodiments, the change in the refractive index occurs as a result of the density difference between the amorphous and crystalline state of thermoplastic medium. The transition from one state to another can be selectively coil in the predetermined volumes of the medium through thermal Akti is Itachi of Abbyasov specified volume on the fringes therein. Alternatively, changes in the refractive index can induction by chemical changes within Abbyasov specified volume of media, such as a chemical change in the dye or other catalyst (for example, thermal catalyst) within the dye, which is located inside a given volume. This chemical change can also selectively coil by means of thermal activation.

Configuration using nonlinear reactive medium is well suited to use in order to provide bit-oriented (opposite page) microgeographical media and a system that uses one astrosociology light beam, focused, slightly focused or unfocused reflected light beam. This configuration provides advantages, including enhanced permissible deviation of the alignment is poor recording optics are simpler, less expensive microgeographies system. Thus, the reflective element with a small curvature or without it can be used in microgeographical system according to one aspect of the present invention. One surface of the disk recording data can be used as a reflective element with a reflective coating or busnago).

For example, a thermoplastic carrier, get cast molding, with signs of low curvature may be formed on the surface of the carrier and can be metallized and can be used to generate reflection and also for tracking. According to one aspect of the present invention, thermoplastic carrier can be shaped to merge slightly curved elements in the disk, which can then be used to generate reflections with higher power density. These signs can be adapted for tracking, like the grooves on a DVD. Further, for the correction of the reflected light beam can be used one or more items. For example, a spherical mirror can be used to generate a collimated laser beam and the liquid crystal cell can be used to offset the difference of the rays generated by passing to different layers. Or near the surface of the carrier can be located holographic layer acting as a diffraction element, so as to ensure the correction of the light beam. To generate reflection can be used door mirror or the surface of the disk.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the reading of data on different layers may be different is cnym. Due to the fact that reflections are various aberration on different layers, the aberration can be used to index layers in the focusing process. The design on the reverse side of the disc can be used to provide better control of the characteristics of the reflected light beam to increase the effective diffraction effect. To use multi-coating and/or surface structure (similar to the structures of display films). According to one aspect of the present invention, to reduce noise and to control the orientation of microholograms can also be used in structures that absorb the obliquely incident light rays and reflect perpendicular to the light rays. Further, the diffraction power of microholograms need not be the same for different layers. For recording on different layers can be used for power distribution.

According to one aspect of the present invention can be used microholograms account using one of the focused light beam and one flat light beam in the material with a certain threshold. Although this method can apply two input light beams, the alignment requirements are less stringent than in the known methods, but the orientation and strength of microholograms remain Ho is Osho controlled and uniform layers. Also can better estimate the signal read.

One bit holography

One bit microholographic presents several advantages for optical data storage over other holographic techniques. Figure 1 shows an illustrative configuration for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays. It microgeographies record is the result of two converging light beams 110, 120, interfering to create interference fringes in volume 140 of the carrier 130 entries. Interference can be achieved by focusing light rays 110, 120 on almost directionalizing diameters (such as, for example, 1 micrometer (μm) or less) at a given volume, for example, a given location, inside media 130 entries. Light rays 110, 120 can be focused using conventional lens 115 to the light beam 110 and the lens 125 to the light beam 120. Although shows a simple lens system, of course, can be used formats composite lenses. Specialists in the art will understand that the light rays 110 can be convergent as well as divergent.

Figure 2 shows an alternative configuration 200 for forming a hologram inside a support carrier by using oncoming light rays. At stake is Horatii 200, lens 125 is replaced by a spherical mirror 220, so that the focused reflected light beam 120 110 interferes with itself light beam 110. Configuration 100, 200 require precision alignment of both lenses 115, 125 or lenses 115 and mirrors 220 relative to each other. Accordingly, the system microgeographical record using the specified configuration is limited to stable, free from vibration environments, such as those that use conventional high-precision coordinate tables.

According to one aspect of the present invention, recording can be used focused, slightly focused or unfocused reflected light beam (relative to the oncoming focused light beam). Figure 3 shows an alternate configuration 300 for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays. Configuration 300 uses unfocused counter reflection 310 of the light beam 110 from the mirror 320. In the illustrative embodiment, the mirror 320 has a shape essentially flat mirrors.

Figure 4 shows an alternate configuration 400 for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays. Configuration 400 uses slightly focused counter reflection light beam 410 110 see from the feces 420. Illustrated an implementation option configuration 400 also includes an element 425 correction optical path length, which can take the form of, for example, a liquid crystal cell, a wedge-shaped glass or a pair of wedges.

Figure 5 illustrates another alternative configuration 500 for forming a hologram on the inside of the carrier with the use of counter light rays. Like the configuration 300 (figure 3) configuration 500 uses essentially flat reflecting surface. However, to ensure the reflection of the light beam 510 110, the configuration 500 uses part 520 of the carrier 130. Part 520 may take the form of a reflective (e.g., metallophyte) the rear surface of the carrier 130, a reflective layer on the inside of the carrier 130, or one or more holograms essentially form the reflecting surface of the carrier 130, all of which are non-limiting examples.

In configurations 300, 400 and 500 light beam 110 has a smaller spot size and higher power density in a given volume or area than the light beam 310, 410, 510, so that the size of microholograms will be determined by the dimensions of a smaller spot size. A potential disadvantage for the difference in power density between the two light beams is a result pedestal or constant component in the interference pattern. This pied is estal or permanent part occupy a significant portion of the bandwidth of the recording (dynamic range) of the material 130, where material 130 shows the linear variation of refractive index with the observed intensity of exposure.

6 shows that the observed intensity of the light from oncoming light rays varies depending on position, thereby forming interference fringes. As shown in Fig.7, the material with linear response, in which the refractive index varies essentially linearly dependent influencing of the light intensity relative to n₀thus, relatively unfocused light beam can squander dynamic range in volume much more than a specified amount corresponding to the desired hologram, thereby reducing possible reflectivity of other volumes and microholograms. Dynamic range is also spent on the depth of the media, where oncoming light rays are also at normal incidence (see, for example, figures 1 and 2).

According to one aspect of the present invention, such a waste of dynamic range in the affected volumes, other than a specified amount during formation of the hologram is mitigated through the use of the recording material exhibiting a nonlinear response to affecting the power density. In other words, the medium exhibiting nonlinear properties of the recording, used in combination with microgeographies approach. The nonlinear property of the recording material is used to facilitate the recording, which is a nonlinear function of light intensity (e.g., square, cubic or threshold-type), so that the record is essentially only above a certain light intensity. This characteristic of non-linear recording material reduces or eliminates wasting dynamic range not addressed in the volume and contributes to reduction in size of microholograms, and contributes to the reduction of the size of microholograms and thus given volume.

Figa-10B and 11A-11B illustrate the characteristics of the recording linear recording media, while figs-10D and 11C-11D illustrate the nonlinear characteristics of the record carrier recording threshold type. More specifically, figa-10D show that the two interfering focused counter light beam, shown in figures 1 and 2, produce a modulation of the light intensity, where 0 position (midway between -0,5 and 0,5) corresponds to the focal point along the thickness of the media both focused light rays. In the case of media, representing the linear properties of the recording will be obtained modulation of refractive index similar to that shown in figv, which is consistent with the intensity profile shown in figa Although modulation of the refractive index can be ultimately maximized near position 0, it should be noted that it may extend essentially through the full thickness of the material and is not limited to, for example, the position values (abscissa) on FIGU, so that the resulting microholograms essentially not contained within a specific volume within the media, where multiple volumes are Packed on top of each other. On the other hand, in the nonlinear or threshold showing the property of the recording medium (the threshold condition shown in fig.10D) record 1010 occurs essentially only in the volumes, where the threshold condition 1020, so that the resulting microholograms essentially contained within a specific volume, in which the many volumes are Packed on top of each other. Fig.10D shows that microholograms, including interference fringe extends approximately 3 μm. Such characteristics are evident in the transverse dimensions of microholograms, as illustrated in figa-11D. As demonstrated in this regard, an undesirable waste of the dynamic range of unspecified volume of the carrier is reduced by using a material with nonlinear response threshold type.

Although explanations discussed the material threshold type with nonlinear response, it should be clear that in the first order approximation, the amplitude modulation index of prelola the Oia varies linearly depending on the intensity of light in the material with a linear response (see figures 10A-10B, 11A-11B). Thus, even though a material having a threshold records, may be particularly desirable material that exhibits a nonlinear optical characteristic in the exposure, in which the amplitude modulation of the refractive index varies, for example, like a power greater than one (or a combination of capacity)will greatly reduce the waste of dynamic range in the other volumes that are affected.

Returning again to the material threshold type with nonlinear response and again referring to the figures 10C-10D, 11C-11D, the media threshold response function under the action of optically induced changes 1010 refractive index essentially only when the density of the incident energy or the density of 1015 power above the threshold 1020. Below the threshold 1020 carriers essentially no change in refractive index. One of the oncoming light rays, for example, the reflected light beam used for recording, can be focused (figure 1 and 2), slightly focused (figure 4) or even not in focus (figure 3 and 5). Despite this, the use of the above material with a threshold response has the effect of reducing the requirements of the acceptable limits of focus. Another advantage is that the reflective device may be implemented is in the Lee, such as a disk, similar to the existing technology of optical storage devices such that, for example, illustrated in figure 5.

As shown in Fig and 9, the use of smaller microholograms, in contrast to the large page holograms, provides improved tolerance of the system to temperature fluctuations and angular displacements. Fig illustrates the expected Bragg detuning of the hologram (∝1/L, where L is the length of the hologram) as a function of the temperature difference of read and write. Item number 810 corresponds to the expected performance of microholograms, whereas the position number 820 corresponds to the expected performance page of the hologram. Fig.9 illustrates the expected Bragg detuning of the hologram (∝1/L, where L is the length of the hologram) as a function of changes angles. Item number 910 corresponds to the expected performance of microholograms, whereas the position number 920 corresponds to the expected performance page of the hologram.

Next, to explain, but not to limit, the incoming light beam, focused to a spot size which almost reaches the size defined by the diffraction, can be reflected with little focus or no focus, so that the reflected light beam is nespokoino is authorized (or slightly focused) concerning counter-focuses the incoming light beam. The reflective element may be located on the surface of the disk and may take the form of, for example, a flat mirror or a spherical mirror with a small curvature. If between the focused light beam and a reflection occurs a shift, the interference pattern will depend on the location of the focused light beam, where the reflected light beam has a relatively large curvature on its phase front. Large curvature creates a small variation of the power density, when the focused light spot is moved relative to the reflected light beam.

Material nonlinear response Example 1

As a candidate media for holographic storage systems have been proposed photopolymers. Photopolymer media, sandwiched in a gel-like state between the glass substrates, have a reasonable change of the refractive index and the recording sensitivity. However, it is desirable to provide a simplified structure, such as a molded disk. Next, photopolymer systems are sensitive to environmental conditions such as lighting environment, and often require special handling pre, during and sometimes even after the recording process. It is also desirable to eliminate the mentioned disadvantages.

According to one aspect of this is bretania, as holographic media storage is used the polymeric material with the transition from one phase to another, in which the modulation of the refractive index induced by the exposure light beam. In one of the embodiments detective the change in the refractive index occurs in locationand thermally induced changes between amorphous and crystalline components of the material. This provides a potentially large modulation of the refractive index induced using low energies. Such material may also provide a threshold condition under which the energy of the optical exposure below a certain threshold have little influence or no influence on the refractive index of the material, while the energy of the optical exposure above the threshold cause the detected change of the refractive index.

More specifically, a polymeric material with the induced phase change can provide large changes (Δn > 0,01) of the refractive index with good sensitivity (S > 500 or more cm/j) resistant to environmental influences thermoplastic substrate obtained by the method of injection molding. Additionally, this material also offers the potential for use then locustville the recording process, allowing the use of a laser of the same wavelength as to write and read, while preventing significant deterioration of stored data due to exposure of the scattered light. In one of the embodiments detective change of the refractive index corresponds to the difference of refractive index between the amorphous and crystalline States of a single component copolymer thermoplastic substrate. Such a substrate can be prepared by raising the temperature of the copolymer is above the melting temperature (Tm) and rapid cooling or quenching of the material to make previously crystalline material components to be cooled into an amorphous state.

As shown in figa and 14B, the light rays interfere with each other within a given volume of material, locally heating abbyeby corresponding to the interference bands in the absorption of their energy. Once the local temperature rises above the critical temperature, for example of glass transition temperature (Tg) (figa), crystalline material components are melted and subsequently cooled into an amorphous state, which leads to the difference of the refractive index relative to other volumes in the crystalline state in the material. Alternatively, the critical temperature of the tours can be close to the temperature (Tm) of fusion of the material components of the nanodomains. Regardless of this, if the energy of the incident light beam is insufficient to raise the temperature of the material above the critical temperature, then essentially no change occurs. The latter is shown in figb at which the optical flux density above a critical value of F_critcauses a phase change, resulting in the recording of the hologram and the optical density of the flow is less than the critical values of the F_critessentially it is changes - and thus, is suitable for reading the recorded hologram, and therefore, to recover the recorded data.

For the purposes of further non-limiting explanation of the critical value is defined by the formula

,

(where L is the length or depth of microholograms, ρ is the material density, C_p-specific heat of the material and ∆ T is the test temperature change (i.e., T_g-T₀where T_gthe glass transition temperature of the material and T₀- ambient temperature). For example, where polycarbonate is used, having a density of 1.2 g/cm³and specific heat capacity of 1.2 j/°K×g, the length of microholograms is 5×10^-4cm and the change in temperature is 125°C(K), F_crit=90 MJ/cm². Putting in energy terms, the energy (E_crit)required h the ordinary to achieve the critical flux density F _critis

where A is the cross-sectional area of the hologram and w₀- waist of the light beam. Energy in focus E_Fnecessary to ensure that E_critis

where e^-αL- transmission,

where α₀- linear absorption of the material, α_NL- non-linear absorption of the material, F is the maximum of the incident optical flux density and L is the length of microholograms. The incident energy E_INapplied to the material to provide the necessary energy in focus, E_Fis

where e^-αL- transmission,

where α₀- linear absorption of the material, α_NL- non-linear absorption of the material, F is the maximum of the incident optical flux density and L is the length of microholograms and D is the depth (or length) of the material (for example, the thickness of the disk media).

We turn now to figures 15A-15C, in which, assuming that the shifting of the light beam w₀is 0.6 × 10^-4see, the cross-sectional area of the hologram, A, is the 5.65 × 10^-4cm². In addition, assuming that the depth of microholograms, L, is 5 × 10^-4cm, and the depth of the material D (for example, the entire disc media) is 1 mm, predicted from the relation between the incident energy, E_INand α is shown in figa. Next, assuming that the linear absorption of the material, α₀is 0,018 1/cm, and nonlinear absorption of the material, α_NLis 1000 cm/j, (as well as the length of the material is 0.1 mm), the predicted ratio between the transmittance and the flux density is shown in figv. Using the above assumptions, the predicted ratio between the waist of the light beam and the distance and the normalized absorption and distance shown on figs.

As shown in figa and 16B, it is expected that the exposure counter light beam such media from copolymer material will record microholograms in the form of fixed modulations of the refractive index corresponding to the interference fringes of the oncoming light beam due to the formation or destruction there nanodomains crystalline polymer. That is, the mechanism changes/split phase generates the modulation of the refractive index based on the formation or destruction of the crystalline nanodomains, which are significantly smaller than the wavelength of used light. Values figure 16B projected using two converging light beams, each of which has a capacity of one incident beam (P1=P2) 75 mW, α=20 cm^-1and the exposure time (τ) of 1 msec. Cons the paramilitary net change of refractive index (Δn=0,4), which forms microholograms shown in figs. As you can see, microholograms implemented in the form of a series of changes of the refractive index corresponding to the interference bands oncoming light rays occurs essentially only where localized heating exceeds the threshold condition (e.g. temperature exceeds 150°C), so it's condition threshold entry.

Suitable for use polymers include, for example, homopolymers, showing partial crystallinity, a combination of homopolymers consisting of amorphous and crystalline polymers, and a wide variety of copolymer compositions, including random and block copolymers, as well as the elements of the pair of copolymers with homopolymers or without them, but are not limited to. According to one variant of implementation, the polymer for the manufacture of the substrate contains a block copolymer oxide polycarbonate/polyester. Such material is suitable, for example, for storing holograms at a depth of about 3 micrometers (μm), but is not limited to this. Linear absorption of the material can be high, making the opaque material and limiting the sensitivity.

Thermally induced reaction in response to optically absorbing dye is also suitable for separating mechanism changes pokazatel the refraction from the mechanism of photochemical reactivity, contributing potentially to higher values of sensitivity. According to one aspect of the present invention, a thermally induced process may provide a mechanism of the nonlinear response of optically induced change of refractive index. This mechanism, or threshold condition allows the use of optical rays of a certain wavelength at low and high capacity to read and write data, respectively. This feature also prevents significant deterioration of stored data due to scattered light. Useful dyes have the property of reverse saturable absorption (RSA), in which the absorption is a function of flux density and increases with increasing flux density. As a consequence, the absorption is highest in the focus of the light beam(s), which means that the background linear absorption is small, ultimately giving the material is almost transparent. Examples of such dyes include porphyrins and phthalocyanines, but are not limited to.

Next, the amorphous/crystalline copolymers are well suited to provide the desired properties in thermoplastic substrate obtained by the method of injection molding, such as a disk. The use of thermoplastic allows you to write data in a stable substrate without means is selected requirements of subsequent processing, so the change in the refractive index, the sensitivity, stability and fixation provided by the material of the copolymer. And the possible modulation of the refractive index larger than in the known photopolymers, by selecting the components of the copolymer. The sensitivity of the material may depend on the optical absorption properties of the used dye(s). In the case of known dyes reverse saturable absorption achievable sensitivity is 2-3 times higher than in the known holographic photopolymers. The threshold condition also provides the ability to read and write data on the same wavelength with little further processing required after data is written or not. This is the opposite of polymers, which generally require the exposure of the entire substrate after the recording of data, in order to bring the system into full termootdelenii. Finally, the substrate of the copolymer can before the data record is in a thermoplastic condition, which is opposite of the gel state of the photopolymers. This is mainly simplifies the physical structure carriers compared with photopolymers, since the material in thermoplastic condition can be obtained by a method of injection moulding and it is not necessary to enclose, for example, in a container or load-bearing element.

the thus, the according to one aspect of the present invention, the amorphous/crystalline copolymers can be used to support the optically induced phase changes and the resulting modulation of the refractive index. Dyes with linear absorption can be used in combination with the amorphous/crystalline materials with phase change, to convert optical energy in the increment of temperature. The dye(s) with reverse saturable absorption can be used for efficient generation of the increments of temperature. Optical activation can be separated from the induction of changes in the refractive index by means of dyes and materials change/separation of the phases, allowing the threshold conditions for the change of the refractive index.

In further explanation, in some compositions of the block copolymers, the individual polymers are separated in phase spontaneously on a regular ordered domain structures that do not grow macroscopically as a combination of polymers, due to the nature of the copolymer. These phenomena are discussed in the publication Sakurai, TRIP vol. 3, 1995, page 90et seq. The individual polymers comprising the copolymer, can show amorphous and/or crystalline behavior depending on temperature. Mass fraction of individual polymers may have a number of years the Oia to dictate what form is divided microphases: spheres, cylinders, or lamellar structure. Can be used a copolymer system in which both phases are amorphous after a short (or long) heating above the glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of the individual blocks. When cooled to low temperatures is one of the phases crystallized, while preserving the shape of the source microvas. An example of this phenomenon is illustrated in the copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)/polystyrene that is reported in the publication Hunget al., Macromolecules, 34, 2001, page 6649et seq. According to one aspect of the present invention, the copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)/polystyrene can be used, for example, in the ratio of 75%/25%.

Such a copolymer can be added, for example, photochemically and thermally stable dye, such as phtalocyanine dye such as copper phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine lead, zinc phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine India, phthalocyanine Tetra-butyl indium, gallium phthalocyanine, cobalt phthalocyanine, platinum phthalocyanine, Nickel phthalocyanine, Tetra-4-sulfonatophenyl-copper(II) or Tetra-4-sulfonatophenyl-zinc(II), and then molded by a method of injection molding in the disc diameter 120 mm Molding raises the temperature of the copolymer is above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene is the melting temperature (Tm) poly(ethylene oxide), thus, producing an amorphous material with separation of microvas. The cooling of the disk, for example, hardening, approximately -30°C causes the crystallization phase poly(ethylene oxide) around the material. In cases where the sizes of the domains of the crystalline areas are quite small, for example less than one hundred nanometers (e.g., 100 nm), the light will not be scattered by the media, and the media will remain clear, even in thick substrates. Data can be recorded on the material through the interference of the 2 laser beams (or light beam and its reflection) in specific areas of the disk, for example, a given volume.

After exhibiting one or more of the recording light beams, the dye absorbs the light intensity (for example, laser beams, high power) on the fringes, instantly raising the temperature in the corresponding volume or area of the disk to a temperature above the melting temperature of the phase poly(ethylene oxide). The latter leads to the fact that the area is essentially amorphous, producing a refractive index that is different from the crystalline domains in the surrounding material. Subsequent exposure of the laser beams of low energy with the purpose of reading the recorded microholograms and recovery of relevant data, because reflections from micropolar the m does not cause any significant changes in the material, when using laser power which does not heat the polymer above the temperature Tg and Tm of the individual polymers. Thus, there may be provided a holographic storage media storing data with nonlinear optical response, such as threshold-type, which is substantially stable over long periods of time and over a number of readings.

Although spheres, cylinders and plate patterns are common structures that can be formed and equally work well and other modified forms. Alternatively, it may be used a variety of many copolymers, including copolymers of polycarbonate/polyester and allow different temperatures to the formation of crystalline domains, as well as the temperature at which they are destroyed. In cases where the dye is used to absorb radiation and produce heat, takes the form of a reverse saturable absorber can be a good control of the exact location where the heating. Lateral during microholograms can be significantly less than the diameter of the waist of the focused laser beam(s). Thus, the limitation or elimination of wasting dynamic range of the recording material outside of C is written off microholograms, therefore, increasing the reflectivity of each microholograms and, therefore, the storage capacity can be realized through the use of nonlinear recording media according to one aspect of the present invention.

The threshold-type material may also provide additional benefits, being more sensitive to write than a material with a linear response. This merit can be translated in a higher achievable rate write data to microgeographies systems. Additionally, stepwise modulation of the refractive index, the resulting threshold characteristics of the media can serve to produce microholograms, less reflective than when using materials with a linear response. However, the reflectivity can remain high enough for applications and data storage. As shown in Fig, it is expected that the reflectivity will increase with increasing modulation of the refractive index. It is also expected that thermal diffusion will not present undue problems. Also discussed thermal diffusion during the formation of the hologram; it is expected that the pattern of temperature distribution will correspond to the interference lanes, oncoming light rays. To the guard bands of the refractive index in the film refractive index, thermal diffusion on the merits may be limited to the region between the interference fringes reaching the temperature of the phase change. Curve 1210 on Fig corresponds to the material with a linear response curve 1220 on Fig corresponds to the material with a threshold response. As shown in figa and 13B, there is shown the expected profiles of temperature rise as a function of position. Accordingly, it is expected that the dissipation of a given size in the surrounding volumes will not increase the temperature of the surrounding volume to the threshold temperature 1020.

Material nonlinear response Example 2

According to another configuration, the organic dyes in polymer matrices can be used to support changes in the refractive index Δn in order to carry out holographic data storage, and organic dyes have large resonance increased refractive index relative to the polymer matrix. In this case, the enlightenment dyes in specific areas or specified quantities can be used to obtain the gradient of the refractive index for holography. Data can be recorded by the interfering light rays inside the media to enlighten a specific area. However, in cases where the interfering light passes through all but Italy (even though I should see the light of only a specific area) and there is a linear response to the illuminating radiation (even though the intensity of the light beam is highest in focused areas and produces there the greatest enlightenment), it is expected that should see the light of the relatively low levels of dye throughout the media on which falls the light. Thus, after data is written to multiple levels, it is expected that to happen undesirable additional enlightenment in the linear recording medium. This may, ultimately, to limit the number of data layers that can be recorded on the media, which in turn limits the full storage capacity for linear recording media.

Another interest arises from the fact that the recording medium should have a high quantum efficiency (QE)in order to have useful sensitivity for commercial applications. QE refers to the percentages of photons falling in photoreactive element that will produce a pair of electron-hole which is a measure of the sensitivity of the device. Materials with high value of QE are usually quick enlightenment stored holograms and, thus, the data, even when using the read laser low power. Similarly, data can be read only a limited number of times before the data essentially become not readable in the media with a linear response.

According to one aspect of the present invention to overcome the ü these drawbacks, use media with nonlinear optical response. Again, to ensure the storage and recovery of data in a holographic system, instead of polymers can be used a solution of the material based on thermoplastic. This procedure may be useful indicators of the processes of treatment or storage, and compatibility with a variety of holographic methods.

In further explanation, for holographic optical data storage can be used narrow-band absorbing dyes in thermoplastic materials. It is believed that the rigid polymer nets reduce the quantum efficiency (QE) for some photochemical reactions. Thus, according to one aspect of the present invention, the localized heating of the polymer network, for example, to temperatures near or above the Tg of thermoplastic useful for enhancing localized QE material such as a multiplier >100. This improvement is directly increases the sensitivity of the material way, useful for holographic optical data storage. Additionally, it provides a Gating process or the threshold process in which dye molecules in discrete molten zones carriers undergo photochemical reactions faster than in the surrounding amorphous material - its about ered, facilitating the entry of many virtual layers carriers without significant impact on other layers. In other words, this provides the ability to read and write, without causing significant harmful enlightenment other volumes.

Now let us turn to figa-17C, which for holographic data storage can be used ortho-nitrostilbene (o-nitrostilbene)containing a polymeric matrix. Photochemical reaction that causes the enlightenment ortho-nitrostilbene, is well known and is discussed, for example, in the publication Splitter and Calvin, JOC, 1955, vol. 20 pages and 1086-1115. Later McCulloch used the specified class composition to obtain waveguides in thin film applications through the enlightenment of the dye to form a sheath material (see, Macromolecules, 1994, vol. 27, pages 1697-1702). McCulloch reported that QE of some specific on-nitrostilbene in a matrix of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is 0,000404. However, he noted that the same dye in dilute hexane solution has a QE of 0.11 on the same wavelength enlightenment. McCulloch suggested that this difference is due to hypsochromic shift in the lambda-matrix in the transition from thin polymer films to the solutions of hexane. This can be attributed to the effect of mobility, since the equilibrium conformation of o-nitrostilbene in the hard polymer may not the life is oriented properly due to the initial pericyclic reactions. Figa illustrates the data characterizing the enlightenment using laser 100 mW, 532 nm at temperatures of 25°C and 160°C. the Improvement may be due to increased mobility or just more rapid kinetics of the reaction due to the higher temperature, or a combination of both factors. Together with figa, figv shows that improved QE discussed matrix is expected at temperatures above about 65°C. Thus, in one embodiment, implementation, on-nitrostilbene dyes are used in combination with a polycarbonate matrix to provide performance that is compatible with PMMA materials, although it may be possible to slightly higher QE.

However, it should be clear that the present invention should not be limited to the mentioned class of dyes. Rather, the present invention involves the use of any light-sensitive material of the dye having a relatively low QE in the solid polymer matrix at room temperature or near it, and which shows the increase in QE, for example an exponential increase in QE, after heating. It is provided for the mechanism of nonlinear recording. It should be clear that the heating does not necessarily raises the temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg) or it can increase significantly above Tg, is about as long while QE is much improved. QE such a photosensitive dye can be improved within specific regions of the polymer matrix, which contain essentially uniform distribution of the dye. In the case of polycarbonate matrix, heating the polycarbonate matrix containing the photosensitive dye, above its Tg, it is possible to increase the degree of enlightenment. The increase in the degree of enlightenment can be of the order of >100 times.

Additionally, in addition to photoreactive dye added to the polycarbonate matrix type o-nitrostilbene, to the matrix you can also add a second thermally and photochemically stable dye so that it functioned as a light absorber to produce localized heating on the fringes, the focus of opposing laser beams. The concentration of the dye, the laser power and time at the focal point can be used to adjust the expected temperature to the desired range, for example, near or above the temperature Tg of the matrix. In this embodiment, the first and second wavelengths of light for photo enlightenment at the same time focus approximately in the same region of the matrix. As the sensitivity of the heated zone of the material expected to be greater, for example greater than about 100, R is h, than the surrounding cold hard polymer (see figa), information can be quickly recorded in a predetermined heated volume using a light beam of relatively low power, has a much smaller effect of the enlightenment on the surrounding area. Thus, the previously recorded area or areas that do not have recorded data, have a minimum enlightenment, thereby reducing there unwanted wasting dynamic range and allowing you to record more data layers on the media in General. Also, by reading at a relatively low power laser wavelength used for heating a specific area for recording decreases unintentional enlightenment dye during reading. Alternatively, a single wavelength or range of wavelengths of light can be used for heating and enlightenment, so that instead of two different wavelengths is used only one light wavelength (or wavelength range).

Although functioning as a thermally and photochemically stable dyes for the purpose of localized heating is suitable a variety of many dyes, dyes which exhibit non-linearity, may be particularly appropriate. One such class of dyes known as reverse saturate is iesa absorbers (RSA), also known as the scavengers of the excited state, is particularly attractive. They include a variety of many metallophthalocyanines and fullerene dyes, which usually have a very weak absorption in the spectrum, well separated from other strong absorption of the dye, but despite this form strong transient triplet-triplet absorption when the light intensity exceeds the threshold level. Data corresponding non-limiting example, using elongated dimethylamino dinitrostilbene shown in figs. According to them it is expected that as soon as the light intensity on the fringes of oncoming light rays in the media, including dimethylaminoacetonitrile will exceed the threshold level, the dye strongly absorbs at the focal point and can quickly heat up a specific amount of material to high temperatures. Thus, according to one aspect of the present invention, the event Gating is used to provide a relatively low energy to write data in a specified volume of media (showing, thereby, increased sensitivity), while minimizing unwanted exposure induced reactions in other volumes of media.

The tracking and focusing

In one embodiment, the OS is enforced, microprogram stored in the bulk carrier along the radially extending spiral tracks in multiple vertically Packed layers, where the media have a disk shape which is twisted (see, for example, Fig and 30). The optical system focuses the light beam in a particular specified amount in the media, in order to detect the presence or absence of microholograms there to restore or retrieve previously saved data or to generate there the interference fringe to generate microholograms. Therefore, it is important to set the volumes were targeted for data recording and recovery of laser illumination.

In one embodiment, the implementation of the spatial characteristics of the reflections of the incident light beam used to maintain precise targeting of selected volumes of the array microholograms containing media. If the specified volume, such as microholograms, is out of focus or track, the recorded image differs from the reflection from microholograms, which is in focus and more defined way. This effect, in turn, can be monitored and used to control the driving mechanism to precisely target set specific volumes. For example, the size of the reflections from microholograms out of focus is different from the size of the reflections from microholograms in focus. In addition, reflections from offset microholograms lengthened compared to reflections from a properly oriented microholograms, for example, are more elliptical in nature.

In further explanation, in material systems discussed above (other than technology CD and DVD), to reflect the incident readout light beam is used non-plated layer. As shown in Fig, microholograms 1810 contained in the carrier 1820, reflects the reading light beam 1830 on the ring detector 1840, located around one or more optical elements (e.g. lenses) 1850. Optical element 1850 focuses the light beam 1830 for a specified amount corresponding to microprogramme 1810 - so microholograms 1810 generates reflection, which impinges on the optical element 1850 and ring detector 1840. In the illustrative embodiment, the optical element 1850 passes the reflection on the detector data recovery (not shown). It should be understood that although illustrated only one microholograms 1810, it is expected that real media 1820 contains an array of microholograms located in different positions (for example, the X, Y coordinates or along track) and many layers (for example, Z coordinates or plane in the depth or pseudo plane). Using the Pref is underwater mechanism(s) of the optical element 1850 can selectively target different specified amount, corresponding to the selected volumes to microholograms.

If microholograms 1810 is in the focus of the read light beam 1830, the reading light beam 1830 becomes reflected, thereby generating a reflected signal on the optical element 1850, which is connected with the detector data recovery. Detector data recovery can take the form of, for example, photodiode, located to detect the reflection of the light beam 1830. If the focus is no microholograms 1810, the detector data recovery is not generated corresponding signal. In the system of digital data detektirovanii signal can be interpreted as "1"and the absence of detektirovanie signal as "0"or Vice versa. Refer now to figures 19A-19S, which shows the simulated data reflect the corresponding pie microprogramme focus on the track and circular, using a reading light beam having the wavelength of incident radiation of 0.5 μm laser spot size D/2=0.5 µm, left-circular polarization, the confocal parameter of the light beam: z/2=2.5 μm and the half diffraction angle of the far zone θ/2=11,55° (field) or θ/2=8,17° (power).

Let us now turn to Fig, which shows that for the readout laser beam is correctly reflected by microholograms, the laser beam must be properly f useroffice and laterally centered on microprogramme. On Fig shows that the incident light beam has a wave fronts 2010, which are normal to the optical axis 2020 distribution in the Central part of 2030. Microholograms essentially only reflects the light of these wave vectors (i.e., k vector), which correspond to a certain direction. Focused Gaussian light beam, such as shown in Fig, is a superposition of many elementary waves with different wave vectors. The maximum angle of the wave vector is determined by the numerical aperture of the focusing lens. Accordingly, not all the wave vector of the reflected microholograms - so microholograms acts as a filter, which only reflects incident light with a specific wave vectors. Out of focus, only the Central part of the incident light is blocked with microholograms. Thus, only the Central part becomes reflected. In this scenario, changes in the efficiency of reflection are reduced.

When the focused light beam is not focused correctly with microholograms in the track, the wave vector along the direction vertical to the track, have no strong reflection in the direction along the track. In this case, the light beam extending in the direction vertical to the track in the near zone, although the light beam compresses the I in this direction in the far zone. Accordingly, there can be provided a separate hologram tracking.

Figa-C show the distribution of the near zone (z=-2 microns)corresponding to the simulation of circular microholograms figures 19A-19S. Figa illustrates a light ray data recovery, run in the media at the point x=y=0 and z =0,01. Figs illustrates the reflection of the condition of the outside of the track, caused by the shift x=0,5. Figs illustrates the reflection in rostkoviana or out-of-focus caused by the shift x=1,01. Thus, in rostkoviana efficiency of the light beam decreases, whereas in the condition beyond the track the spatial reflection is distorted. Let us now turn to figa-22B, which shows the distribution in the far zone (z=-2 microns), the corresponding distributions of the near zone figures 21A-C, respectively. Figa illustrates that the light beam data recovery, run in the media at the point x=y=0 and z=0,01, provides similar angles of divergence (full) far zone in the X and Y directions, and in the illustrated case, it is 11,88° in both directions X and Y. Figv shows that the reflection in the condition outside of the track, caused by the shift of x=0.5, it leads to various corners of the distribution in the far zone in the X and Y directions, and in the illustrated case, it is 4.6° in the X-direction and 6.6° Y-direction. Finally, Figs shows the AET, that is reflected in the condition of out-of-focus caused by the shift of z=1,01, leads to the same angles of divergence (full) far zone in the X and Y directions, in the illustrated case, it is 9,94° in both X and Y directions. Thus, microholograms act as a k-dimensional filters, so that the spot of the far zone is elliptical in condition beyond the track, and spot the far zone will be less than the out-of-focus condition.

It should be clear that microholograms need not necessarily be circular. For example, can be used oblong microholograms. Let us now turn to figa-23C, which shows the simulation corresponding to microprogramme focus on the track and oblong, with the use of a reading light beam having the wavelength of incident radiation of 0.5 μm laser spot size D/2=0.5 µm, left-circular polarization, the Rayleigh region: z/2=2.5 μm and the half diffraction angle of the far zone θ/2=11,55° (field) or θ/2=8,17° (power) - similar to the modeling of figures 19A-19S. Figa-24C show the distribution in the far zone (z=-2 microns)corresponding to the simulation oblong microholograms figures 23A-23C. Figa illustrates a light ray data recovery, run in the media at the point x=y=0 and z=0,01. Figv illustrates the reflection of the condition of the outside of the track, caused by the shift x=0,5. Figs Fig is helpful reflected in the out-of-focus condition, caused by the shift x=1,01. Thus, in the condition of out of focus efficiency of the light beam decreases, whereas in the condition beyond the track the spatial reflection is distorted. Let us now turn to figa-25S, which shows the distribution in the far zone (z=-2 microns), the corresponding distributions of the near zone figures 24A-24C, respectively. Figa illustrates that the light beam data recovery, run in the media at the point x=y=0 and z=0,01, provides the divergence of the far zone, depending on the degree of prodolgovatoe microholograms, and in the illustrated case, it is 8,23° in the X-direction and 6,17° in the Y-direction. Figv shows that the reflection in the condition outside of the track, caused by the shift of x=0.5, it leads to various corners of the distribution in the far zone in the X and Y directions, and in the illustrated case, it is 4,33° in the X-direction and 5.08° Y-direction. Finally, Pigs shows that the reflection in the condition of out-of-focus caused by the shift of z=1,01, leads to different angles of divergence in the far zone (full) in the X and Y directions, in the illustrated case, it is 5,88° in the X-direction and 5,00° Y-direction.

Thus, oblong microholograms also act as a k-dimensional filters, although oblong microholograms lead to elliptic spatial profiles spots far AOR is s, in the condition outside of the elongated track direction may be different, and the spot of the far zone will be less than the out-of-focus condition.

Hereinafter the present invention will be discussed in relation to the circular microholograms only for the purpose of explanation and not limitation. The variation of the shape of the laser beam in the direction of the outside of the track, but also the spatial intensity of the light beam can be determined using a four-detector, which is shown in Fig. Thus, in one of the embodiments, the spatial profile of reflections microholograms is used to determine whether the reading light beam in the focus and/or track. This signal can also serve to separate scenarios focusing two light beams, out of focus and out of lanes, and to provide a feedback signal to control the servo-mechanism for position adjustment, for example, a laser optical head. For example, for detecting changes in the reflected image of microholograms - and, therefore, to provide feedback of the focus and tracking drive mechanisms for positioning the optical element can be used one or more detectors that convert the reflection of microholograms into electrical signals. To detect reflections microholograms can b the th used a diverse set of photodetectors. For example, to detect reflections from microholograms known method can be used one or more photodiodes. The manufacture and use of photodiodes is also well known to specialists in this field of technology. Information provided by these detectors, is used to perform control drivers in real time the optical system to maintain focus and continue to stay on the right track data.

This steering system can initially be treated with two scenarios that can occur for the laser beam in rostkoviana: first, the out-of-focus condition, when the laser beam is not focused on the correct layer, and the second, when the laser beam is laterally offset from microholograms that you want to read; while also being configured to optimize performance of the tracking and focusing in the presence of noise sources. Estimation methods such as Kalman filters, can be used to deduce the optimal assessment of past, present and future States of the system to reduce errors in real time and reduce errors, read and write.

Figa-26D illustrates the configuration or array detector (figa) and various detected conditions (Phi is M-26D) to determine if the system is in focus or on the track. In one of the embodiments, to determine whether the optical system is out of focus or out of the track may be used in the array 2600 four-quadrant detectors. Each quadrant detector 2600A, 2600B, 2600C, 2600D array 2600 detector generates a voltage which is proportional to the amount of energy reflected back at him. The array 2600 detectors comprises an array of photodiodes, each of which corresponds to one of the quadrants, for example, in the form of a four-detector. In the illustrated embodiment, the array 2600 detectors responds to optical energy propagating through space, more than is focusing optics (e.g., lens 2620)used for transmission (e.g., focus) light beams in bulk media or reflections from it. For example, four detector 2600 can be positioned behind the lens system used for sending and receiving reflections of a given size in order to detect the variations in the shape of a light beam. In case of circular microholograms, and if the shape of the detected light beam is elliptical, it is possible to conclude that the light beam is off-track, so that the direction of the outside of the track represents the minor axis of the elliptical light l is cha. If detektirovanii light beam is less than expected (with a smaller numerical aperture), but the variation is symmetric by nature, we can conclude that the light beam is out of focus. These detected changes in the spatial profile of the reflected readout light beam from the bulk media are used as feedback to control the driving mechanism of the focusing and/or tracking. Optimally, around the system lenses can be used an array of smaller lenses in order to focus the distorted echo. Further, it is also useful to change the angle distribution of the reflected light beam as an indication of the direction of the offset.

The full magnitude of the signal generated by a quadrant of the ring detectors 2600A-2600D, denoted as α. If the system is in focus, as shown in figv, the focused spot is circular, minimum size, and will produce the lowest signal value α_min. Where α > α_minas shown in figs, the beam spot can be determined as being out of focus. Lens 2620 may be located in the center of the array 2600 detectors to ignore and focus of the read light beam on microholograms. In order to maintain focus microholograms, can be used known mechanisms with feedback to minimize α. Let us now turn to fig.26D, which is detected asymmetrical picture, if you touch the head moves off-track. When she is on the track, all four quadrant detectors 2600A, 2600B, 2600C, 2600D take equal energy, so that β=(l800B+1800D)-(1800A+1800C)=0. Thus, the condition β≠0 indicates the condition of the outside of the track. In a further example, the reflected signal becomes elongated, if the sensor head is off-track and the variable I (the difference between opposite quadrants) becomes more positive or negative. Known mechanisms of feedback control can be used in combination with the servo tracking to reduce the tracking error by minimizing the absolute value of Y. In one embodiment, the implementation of the reference clock signal may be set so that α and I was discretionality at appropriate moments. To apply this reference clock signal and forming discretional system control tracking and focusing can be used phase automatic adjustment of the frequency (PLL, PLL). Information of the rotation frequency of the disk and the current location of the read head can also be used to generate specifies the reference clock signal T for the system.

Sources of error, such as an eccentric drive, the curvature of the disk and/or lost data, can be compensated. The Kalman filters can be used to account for sources of error, and to predict the future path of the recorded microholograms based on past information. Normal promotion trajectories spiral tracks can also be estimated and sent to the tracking servomechanisms. This information is useful for improving the operational characteristics of the servo-mechanisms of tracking and focusing and reducing errors servomechanisms tracking and focusing. Fig illustrates a block diagram of a servosystem 2700 suitable for controlling the focusing and tracking. System 2700 includes a device for estimating 2710, 2720 way of focusing and tracking, which in one of the embodiments take the form of well-known Kalman filtering. Filter 2720 Kalman path focus uses the sync pulse (τ) of the servo-mechanism, the rotation speed of the media is focusing errors (ε) (difference between desired by tracking and actual path tracking) and the current location of the writing element (e.g., read head)to provide an estimated trajectory of focus as the rotation of the carrier. System 2700 also includes a detection hologram, find edges, the sync pulse (τ) servomechanism is a, providing phase automatic frequency control (PLL, PLL) 2730, which provides a clock pulse (τ) of the servo-mechanism, respectively, to detect a full signal α, the synchronization signal of the engine, which is directly related to the speed of the engine and the current location of the writing element. Known schemes 2740 coordination, for example, includes differential amplifiers provide a full signal α as well as the aforementioned signal β, respectively, in quadrant detectors A, B, V, G (figa).

The servomechanism 2750 focus controls the drive mechanism(s) 2760 focus respectively estimated trajectory of the focus from the filter 2710 Kalman path focus, as well as sync (τ) of the drive mechanism, the full signal α and the team search for a layer of known logic circuits of the search layer and paths (not shown). The servomechanism 2770 tracking controls the drive mechanism(s) 2780 tracking, respectively, the estimated trajectory paths of the filter 2720 Kalman trajectory paths and sync (τ) of the servomechanism, the signal β and the command search paths from a known logic circuits of the search layer and paths (not shown). Essentially, drivers 2760, 2780 position and focus the light beam of the read and/or write in a given amount of heads in the media according to appropriate the relevant search command layer and the tracks of the famous logic search layer and paths (not shown).

Thus, the disclosed method of focusing and tracking microholograms in the spatial recording media. The reference synchronization signal Central system is generated for sample tracking and focusing. The error signals are generated based on the asymmetry of the reflection microholograms resulting from conditions beyond the track, and/or expansion resulting from conditions out-of-focus. The Kalman filters are used to estimate and correct errors path focus servo control focus for microholograms. The Kalman filters can be used for error correction of the path of the focus servomechanism control focus for microholograms. Control of the servo-mechanism can be used, if the data is based on different layers or changes between layers.

It should be clear that the described here are systems and methods of tracking and focusing are not limited to volumetric systems and methods of storing data using materials with nonlinear and/or threshold response, but have wide applicability to large systems and methods of storing data in General, including those that use materials with a linear response, such as described in U.S. patent publication 20050136333, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The format is of the rotating storage disk using microholograms, characterizing data for tracking

As stated here, microholograms can be stored in a rotating disk using multiple vertical layers and along a spiral track on each layer. The format of the media data storage can have a significant impact on performance and system cost. For example, the proximity of adjacent layers microholograms in adjacent layers can lead to cross-interference between microprogramme. This problem intensifies as we increase the number of layers in the disk.

Fig depicts the format 2800, designed to overcome the discontinuities of data between different layers by storing data in the spirals in both radial directions on a medium such as a rotating disk. Microprogram stored in a single layer 2810 in a spiral, which is, for example, inside. At the end of the layer 2810 data continue with minimal interruption by focusing on another layer 2820 in the disk in a spiral, which runs in the opposite direction. Adjacent layers, for example, 2830, can continue changing the initial position and direction. Thus, the time that it would otherwise to touch the head went back to the location where the previous spiral 2810, is excluded. Of course, if W is lateline to start in the same initial point, as the previous spiral, the data can be saved before time and be read with the desired speed of the system while the detector is moved back to its starting point. Alternatively, different layers can have the same initial location and/or direction of advancement, while other groups of layers have a different starting location and/or direction of advancement. Reverse the direction of the spiral in adjacent layers can also reduce crosstalk between layers by providing separation between the spirals, which are in the same direction.

Now let us turn to Fig on which crosstalk can be further reduced by changing the phasing and the starting point of each spiral. Fig depicts the format 2900, which includes multiple potential start/end track microholograms 2910A-2910G. It should be understood that although shown eight (8) points to the beginning/end of track may be used any suitable number, more or less. According to one aspect of the present invention, the phase or the beginning/end of each layer can be interleaved. Crosstalk between layers can be reduced by variation of the end points of the spirals data on different layers. That is, where the first layer starts at the point A Ivetta spiral inward to the point 2910H, the next layer may begin at the point 2910H and curl spiral outwards to the point 2910D, where the next layer, which begins, spiral curls, for example, inside. Of course, there can be used other specific link points to the start/end.

Thus, microholograms can be stored in layers in a spiral tracks that spiral curl in different directions at different layers in order to reduce the time required for the detector head read/write has moved to the next spiral, for example, to the starting point for the next layer. During the interval when the detector head moves from one layer to another, to maintain a constant data stream to the user or the system, you can use one or more memories for storing data. Data stored in memory from the previous layer data can be read when the detector head moves to the next spiral layer. Crosstalk between layers can be reduced by contacting the coils on adjacent or different layers. Crosstalk between layers can also be reduced by changing the phase or starting point of each layer and the variation of the end points of the spirals data on different layers. The start and end points on different layers, to the that must be read continuously, can be posted so as to avoid unnecessary or prolonged interruption of the data within the time required to focus on the next continuous data layer.

In one of the embodiments of microholograms oblong shape are used as the format for the system of bulk storage data. In other words, provided with automatic tracking microholograms. Mainly, the use of microholograms oblong shape allows you to size microholograms was smaller than the spot size reducing laser, at least in one lateral direction. For the purposes of tracking, microholograms oblong shape are used to determine the orientation of the track by detecting the reflection forms. To improve the reliability of the system, you can use a differential signal based on the reflected light.

As shown in Fig, single holographic storage media, formatted microholograms can be booked through local modulation of the refractive index periodic structure, in the same manner as the hologram data. Microholograms generate a partial reflection of the readout laser beam. In those cases, when there is no microholograms reading laser beam passes through the local area. Detektywa the reflected the light config, the driver generates a signal indicating whether the content is 1 or 0. In the illustrated case Fig, bit is essentially circular microholograms 3010, with the size determined by the spot size of the recording laser. Due to the fact that the recording process of microholograms obeys a Gaussian spatial profile of the laser bit microholograms also has a Gaussian spatial profile. Gaussian profiles tend to have significant energy outside the banners of the light beam (or the spot diameter). To reduce interference from adjacent bits (microholograms 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), the separation of the bits (the distance between two bits, dt) may be necessary so large as three times the size of the laser spot. As a result, the density of the contents on the layer can be actually lower than the density of the contents of the CD or DVD layer. Another possible disadvantage associated with circular format associated with tracking, where the media disc is spinning in the direction of the 3020. As shown in Fig, it is desirable that the laser spot is moved to bit 2 after reading the bit 1. However, since bit 1 of microholograms is symmetric, the driver has no additional information to show the direction of the track 3030, which includes bits 1 or 2. Accordingly, the driver can force the laser napredna the renno to deviate to another track, 3040, 3050, for example, bit 4 or 5.

As shown in Fig to facilitate correction of potential bias paths, the shape of the spots microholograms can be done non-circular or asymmetric, so that the laser head can determine the orientation of the track. In order to have separation of bits smaller than the spot size 3110 reading laser, at least in one lateral dimension, along the tracks, 3130, 3140, 3150 formed microholograms 3120 oblong shape having high reflectivity. It should be noted that on the contrary, a single-layer formats such as CDS and DVDs, use the deepening of oblong form, which generate interference, leading to areas of relatively low reflectivity. To write the format, as shown in Fig, the disk media is spinning along the track (for example, 3130) and the recording laser turns toward it or away from it depending on whether it would be desirable to be reflected in the local volume. In other words, the media moves relative to the laser spot during exposure, thereby exposing the elongated part of the media. Microholograms oblong written with controlled length depending on the length of time during which the turns of the recording laser, and the speed of advancement or rotation. It successfully serve is to eliminate the need to quickly make the recording pulse laser with a spot for spot. When the read laser is focused on microprogramme oblong form, the Gaussian laser spot has a circular shape has a higher reflection intensity along the orientation of the track than the perpendicular orientation of the track. The signal reflected by microholograms, more is not perfectly round (see, for example, figa-25S), and a detector, such as a quadrant detector, can be used to define the shape of the reflected light beam and, consequently, the direction of the track - which is then used as feedback to help maintain the laser head on the track. To increase the sensitivity of the system can also include known methodologies CD/DVD format, for example, using differential signals based on the reflection.

Thus, in one embodiment, implementation, microholograms oblong shape are provided along the track inside the carrier for the physical format of bulk storage data. Formatted microholograms may themselves encode data, or additional data is written is not necessarily in different locations, or even nearby are recorded at different angles and/or wavelengths other than the primary microholograms characterizing data. In those cases, when the recording media PR the nonlinear optical response (i.e., threshold response), width (short dimension) of the oblong labels can further be reduced, thereby further reducing the capacity of the layer.

It should be clear that the system described here and the formatting are not limited to volumetric systems and storage methods, using materials with nonlinear and/or threshold response, but have wide applicability to large systems and methods of storing data in General, including those that use materials with a linear response, such as described in U.S. patent publication 20050136333, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Formatting a rotating disk volume using separate holographic components

Alternative or in addition to microholograms with automatic tracking characterizing data in the media can be introduced some elements of tracking. Without the active focus to maintain the laser spot focused on the correct layer, and to maintain the laser head on the correct track can be commercially impractical to keep the signs of micron or submicron dimensions inside the disk medium, at least partially due to physical limitations, including, but not limited to, surface roughness and scratches.

Odnosnoj the s storage formats (e.g., CD, DVD) use asymmetric reflected light beam for focusing and triple light beam for tracking. However, the bulk media storage does not include a layer with high reflectivity at the levels of the write data to media. In recordable or rewritable versions of CD and DVD formats tracks and grooves are pre-formatted so that the laser head follows the track when recording digital content. Published patent application US 2001/0030934 and 2004/0009406 and U.S. patent No. 6512606, full disclosure of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, offer pre-formatted tracks inside a single holographic media, so that the laser head could follow it in the process of recording the content. The laser head should be on this track during the read process.

In one of the embodiments for encoding data tracking (e.g., depth and radial position) is used prior formatting track and/or off-axis microholograms. More specifically, before saving bits of microholograms inside volume of the recording media, tracks encoded with off-axis microprogramming lattices, previously recorded at different depths and positions in wearing the E. Such microholograms tracking can be oriented so as to generate reflected outside the normal incident laser beam. The orientation angle can be correlated with the depth and radius of microholograms tracking, so microholograms tracking serve as the reference point. In the process of reading or writing microholograms tracking reflect incident light away from the normal optical axis that can be detected, for example, using a separate detector. The depth and radius of the focusing current location in the disk is determined based on the detection angle off-axis reflections. Thus, pre-formatted microholograms can be used to provide a feedback signal to regulate the vicinity of the position of the optical head.

To record tracks inside the holographic media suitable precision coordinate tables and the recording laser. Each track can curl spiral through different radii and/or depth inside the medium. Of course, despite this, can be used in other configurations, including circular or substantially concentric tracks. Digital bits are written by microholograms along each track. The track may be formed, for example, through the m focusing of a laser beam of high power, to locally modify the refractive index of the medium. Local modulation of the refractive index generates a partial reflection of the incident focused light that enters the detector tracking and provides information about the track. On the contrary, the tracks may be recorded on the holographic exemplary carrier and optically duplicated on the device media (e.g. disks), as described here.

Fig depicts the carrier 3200 in the form of a disc, which can be twisted, causing the recording or reading head to follow a pre-programmed path. The laser head is essentially related with the media focuses the laser beam 3210 on a local area to contribute to the recording track in the media. Light beam 3210 perpendicular to the media. Formed microholograms are used to encode the positions of the tracks in the form of off-axis angles. The second laser beam 3220, falling on the other side of the media that covers the same amount that the laser beam 3210. Light beam 3220 is off-axis relative to the normal axis of the disk. Two light beam 3210, 3220 interfere and form microholograms 3230, off-axis with respect to the normal media. Specified off-axis angle can be used to encode the physical or logical position of the track, i.e. the depth of the sludge is radius. As should be clear to experts in the art, off-axis angle Φ of microholograms 3230 depends on off-axis angle Φ of the light beam 3220, where the light beam 3210 is normal to the carrier 3200. Thus, changing the angle of the incident light beam 3220, you can encode the location of the formed hologram.

Light beam 3210 may take the form of a continuous wave for recording a continuous track or may be pulsed. In the case of a pulsed laser beam, the pulse frequency determines how often the position of the track can be checked during recording and/or reading content. Alternatively, or additionally, microholograms, "flashing" with variable repetition rates or numbers of pulses may be used in addition to or instead of the angular dependence, in order to encode the information of the position of the track. However, when using a pulsed light beam recording microholograms, so that the pulse frequency or the number of pulses indicates the position of the track, you may need to read more than one microholograms tracking to determine useful information positioning.

Returning again to the angular dependence, during the process of recording and reading content, pre-formed off-axis microholograms 3230 from ageut incident laser beam 3210' normal to the direction of off-axis of the carrier, to provide information about the track. Other information, such as information copyright can be encoded separately. In this case, off-axis light beam can be modulated to encode such other data and angle describing the position within the media. As shown in Fig, when the incident light beam 3210', normal to the axis of the carrier, focuses on locally pre-recorded microholograms 3230 tracking, microholograms 3230 tracking partially reflects light in the form of a light beam 3310 with a counter-intuitive direction and the spatial profile as the second laser beam used in the recording process of microholograms (for example, a light beam 3220, Fig). Off-axis sensor or array of sensors can be used to detect the reflected angle of the light beam 3310 and determines the position of the focused spot of the incident light beam 3210'.

Thus, track, and/or other information may be encoded in the pre-formed off-axis microholograms. In cases where off-axis oblique light beam is used as the encoder, the optical drive can determine the position of the focused incident light beam by reading one microholograms tracking. The information collected may be used in AWANA for focusing and tracking, for example, provide a focus/tracking, similar to that shown in Fig. For example, off-axis signal can be used to determine whether there is incident light at a respective depth and is used to determine if the appropriate lens for the correction of spherical aberration associated with depth.

In one embodiment, the implementation of one or more microholograms may include off-axis and/or off-center components. Let us now turn to figa on which holographic diffraction cell, such as a phase mask or grating splits the incident light beam on the main beam light 3410 for read/write, and at least one off-axis light beam 3420 for tracking. The angle θ of the distribution of off-axis light beam 3420 is linear with off-axis off-center microholograms 3430 tracking media 3400, so that the reflected light beam is propagated back along the direction of incident off-axis light beam 3420. In this scenario, no additional collecting optics besides the lens may not be necessary. However, off-axis angle θ of microholograms 3430 is fixed, and for indexing the position of the track may be necessary to use a pulse repetition rate of microholograms or modulation of the number of pulses

Figure 32-34A illustrate one off microholograms. Alternatively, microholograms data can be formatted with two off-axis microprogramme, one on each side. Write three overlapping microholograms shown in figv. These microholograms recorded via reference beam 3440 and beam 3450 data, which is oppositely directed along the aforementioned axis in relation to the reference beam. Two off-axis microholograms can be recorded by the interference between the same reference beam 3440 and off-axis recording beams 3460, 3470.

In the reading process (figs) reference beam 3440' is the reading beam. In one location you have already saved three microholograms. Thus, the reference beam 3440' will be diffracted in three directions: the reverse reflection 3482 from microholograms data, and lateral reflections 3484, 3486 from two off-axis microholograms. When the plane is formed by two lateral reflections, is perpendicular to the direction of the data tracks of microholograms, two-way reflection is an indicator for tracking.

It should be clear that the described here are systems and methods of tracking and focusing are not limited to volumetric systems and methods of storing data using materials with nonlinear and/or threshold of otkliki is, but have wide applicability to large systems and methods of storing data in General, including those that use materials with a linear response, such as described in U.S. patent publication 20050136333, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Serial copying of pre-recorded media

Optical replication is well suited for distribution of large amounts of digital information recorded in the form of microholograms in supporting media. Optical replication desirable industrial processes, using microholographic, unlike page-holography. The problem of optical replication using materials with a linear response is that any unwanted reflection in the optical system replication will give unwanted hologram. Since in the optical duplicating typically use high power lasers mentioned undesired holograms can significantly distort the hologram characterizing data and/or hologram format. Also, the intensity of the holograms recorded in materials with a linear response will be directly proportional to the ratio of the power densities of the recording laser beams. For a relationship that is greatly different from 1, the hologram will be weak and will be undesirable races is to racialise large value of the dynamic range of the recording ability of the material). Again this problem can be overcome through the use of media with nonlinear optical response.

Now refer to figures 35, 36 and 37, which shows the implementation of the methods of optical replication, suitable for use in media with nonlinear optical response. Fig illustrates a system for preparation of exemplary media, Fig illustrates a system for preparing a conjugate of an exemplary media and Fig illustrates a system for making copies of media, such as, for distribution. We look first at Fig, which shows the system 3500 for recording an exemplary media 3510. In the illustrated embodiment, the exemplary media 3510 takes the form of a molded disc from a material with nonlinear optical response, such as described above. Exemplary holographic media 3510 is recorded by forming an array of microholograms 3520, one after the other. System 3500 includes a laser 3550, optically associated with the beam splitter 3552. Laser 3550 may be solid-state Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet with neodymium) laser diode-pumped, intracavity doubling, with one longitudinal mode at the wavelength of 532 nm, 100 mW in continuous mode, where the beam splitter is of the form 3552, for example, polarizing cubic Speedlite who I am. The focusing optics 3532, 3542 is used to focus the split light beams on the total volume inside the media 3510, where they are colliding, interfere and form a picture of the interference fringes, causing the formation of microholograms, as discussed here above. The focusing optics 3532, 3542 may take the form of, for example, aspherical lenses with high numerical aperture. Modulator 3554 is used to selectively pass light beam 3530 in the media 3510 to encode the data and/or to facilitate the orderly formation of microholograms 3520. Modulator 3554 may take the form of a mechanical, electro-optical or acousto-optic modulator having a transmission period, for example, about 2.5 MS.

To ensure the possibility of the formation of microholograms in specific predetermined volumes, the focusing optics 3532, 3542 is activated to selectively focusing the light at different radii from the center of the rotating media, such as disk 3510. That is, it is the lateral shifts the focus area at different radii from the center of the rotating media, such as disk 3510. Media 3510 is supported by precision XY table 3556, which rotates the carrier, and allow the vertical alignment of the focused light rays 3530, 3540 at different vertical layers in the media 3520. Glovepornmovies controlled by Gating modulator 3554 at the appropriate time. For example, to rotate the carrier 3510 can be used stepper motor or the spindle to the air bearings, so that the modulator could be selectively opened and closed at different points in time, corresponding to different angular positions of the rotating media 3510.

Now let us turn to Fig, which shows a block diagram of the system 3600. The system 3600 includes a source 3610 light. Source 3610 light can be pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm with a pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz and a power of 90 W, such as, for example, commercially available laser company Coherent Evolution, the model 90. Source 3610 lights exemplary media 3510 through mated exemplary media 3620. In the illustrated embodiment, a conjugate of an exemplary media 3620 takes the form of a molded disk of material with linear optical response, such as described in U.S. patent publication 20050136333, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. By quick exhibiting exemplary media 3510 source 3610, radiation 3615 through mated exemplary media 3620, reflections from the exemplary media 3510 interfere with the radiation directly from the source 3510, forming bands of the interference pattern of the dual exemplary media 3620. Holographic pattern, formed the data of the dual exemplary media 3620, not identical to those of the exemplary media 3510, but characterize the reflection from it. According to one aspect of the present invention, a full pair of exemplary media and paired exemplary media 3510, 3620 can be uncovered and displayed simultaneously. Alternatively, the radiation 3615 can mechanically scan a couple of exemplary media/paired exemplary media, as shown cross-arrow 3618.

Fig shows the system 3700. Like the system 3600, the system 3700 includes a source 3710 light. Source 3710 light can be pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm with a pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz and generating power 90 watt, for example, such as, for example, commercially available laser company Coherent Evolution, the model 90. Source 3710 lights mated exemplary media 3620 through the media 3720 distribution. In the illustrated embodiment, the media 3720, such exemplary media 3510 and paired exemplary media 3620, has the form of a molded disc from a material with nonlinear optical response, such as described here. More specifically, the source 3710 produces radiation 3715 through the media 3720 distribution and associated exemplary media 3620. There the change of the refractive index, which correspond to the reflections from the array 3520 of microholograms Fig, 36), generate reflection. These reflections are distributed media 3720, where they interfere with oncoming radiation 3715, forming bands of the interference pattern characterizing the array 3730. In those cases, when the light emission 3715 and radiation 3615 essentially identical in direction and wavelength, the array 3730 corresponds to the array 3520 (Fig, 36) - thereby replicating exemplary media as the media 3720 distribution. A complete pair of conjugate exemplary media and media 3620, 3720 distribution can be lighted once or periodically, exhibited at the same time. Alternatively, the radiation 3715 can mechanically scan a couple of paired exemplary media/distributed media, as shown cross-arrow 3718.

It should be clear that the system 3500, 3600 and 3700 are only examples, and several variations in the scheme would lead to similar results. In addition, the exemplary media, coupled exemplary media and media distribution does not necessarily have to be made of the same material, and they can be made from a combination of materials with linear response and non-linear response. Alternatively, they can all be formed, for example, from a material with a threshold response.

Now let us turn to Fig, which in another embodiment, 3880 done by the means, exemplary media, from which, ultimately, the media is created 3810 distribution may take the form of a spatial light modulator having a two-dimensional array of pixels or apertures. In any case, the system 3800 includes a laser 3820, which may be a Nd:YAG laser (for example, with a pulse repetition rate 1 kHz, 90-watt)operating at a wavelength of 532 nm, such as, for example, commercially available laser company Coherent Evolution, the model 90.

The 3820 laser optically connected to the beam splitter 3830, which may take the form of, for example, polarizing cubic beam splitter. A beam splitter 3830 produces first and second laser beams 3830, 3840, which is the counterpart within specific volumes of media 3810, in a manner suitable for forming an array of microholograms 3815 characterizing the stored data, as discussed above. More specifically, the light beam 3840 passed through matching optics 3845 in the media 3810. Light beam 3850 is passed to the media 3810 through matching optics 3855.

Matching optics 3845, 3855 may be in the form of array(s) of the microlenses, capable of converting the laser beam into a series or two-dimensional arrays of focused spots. In cases where the lens has a high numerical aperture can be realized dense packing by movement of the carrier are subject to the part in small increments, so the exposition generate alternating array. Thus, the matching optics 3845, 3855 focuses oncoming light rays 3840, 3850 in a two-dimensional array of focused spots within the same layer media 3810. According to one aspect of the present invention, the pixel array corresponds to the array of digital zeros 0 or unit 1, recorded around the layer. Thus, activating the laser 3850, you can record layer all digital zeros 0 or unit 1 in the same layer of the device 3810 through interference fringes spots, forming there an array of microholograms. This can be especially useful in cases where the carrier has the form of a disk made of a material with nonlinear optical response, which is described here.

According to one aspect of the present invention, to provide a variety of data written in one layer of the device 3810, can be used ribbon cable or a spatial light modulator 3840. Ribbon cable or a spatial light modulator 3860 may include a series or array of apertures or holes. The presence or absence of the aperture may correspond to the digital state of the corresponding digital data. Thus, areas with missing apertures selectively block the light beam 3840 in the matter of debt to record microholes the Amma, depending on the respective state data.

In any case, one layer of data is written at some point in time and only in one area of the recording medium. Media 3810 may move or rotate several times to write a complete layer, using, for example, the coordinate table 3870. The media can move progressively up and down to record other layers using, for example, also coordinate table 3870.

Thus, for recording intermediate or paired exemplary media can be used for flood lighting exemplary media. Flood lighting exemplary media or paired exemplary media can be used to write data to media distribution. As the recording media distribution can be used ribbon cable or spatial light modulator. The diffraction efficiency (power) of the recorded holograms may not depend on relations of power densities of the recording laser beam.

Pre-formatted media

As stated earlier, disks, holographic media can be recorded with arrays of microholograms characterizing the state of the data. These arrays can be distributed essentially throughout the volume of the medium, manufactured by the th of the recording material with a nonlinear or threshold response. In one of the embodiments, specific data (for example, alternating the state of the data) are recorded in the pre-formed media by erase or not erase some microholograms. Erasing can be performed by using one light beam with enough focused energy to bring the volume of microholograms to the state above the threshold conditions, for example, heating to a temperature Tg of the matrix composite polymers.

More specifically, the write data in pre-formatted media (for example, an array of microholograms characterizing one data state, for example, all zeros 0 or all of unit 1 within the material with nonlinear optical response), can be implemented either by erasing or selection without erasing pre-recorded or pre-formatted microholograms. Microholograms can be effectively erased by focusing on them one or more laser beams. In those cases, when the energy delivered by the laser beam exceeds the intensity threshold account, as discussed here above, microholograms erased. Thus, in order to form a given microholograms in the first place, it may be necessary to satisfy the threshold condition. The light beam can IP scatsa of the known diode laser, similar to those commonly used in CD and DVD technologies. Fig shows the system 3900, where data is written by means of one laser beam through the focusing previously secured microholograms in a pre-formatted array and through the selective erase these microholograms, the corresponding bit must be written.

More specifically, the laser beam 3910 is focused by focusing optics 3920 for a given volume 3940 in the media 3930 containing pre-formatted microprogramme (not shown). The actual mechanism that erases a given hologram may be similar to that used for its formation in the first place. For example, pre-formatted hologram can be erased by using one of the incident beam to cause any previously unused part of the volume element (i.e., the area between the source of the interference stripes) testing the change in the refractive index by changing the refractive index, leading to the distortion of the interference fringes, thus producing a continuous region of refractive index. Further, the laser does not have to be with one longitudinal fashion, because it does not require any interference, the creation of sityva is appropriate and the recording laser device data microholograms advantageously simplify and are potentially relative inexpensive.

Additionally, the optical media can be recorded serial number. The specified serial number can be used to track the owner of recordable media, for example, to facilitate the protection of copyright. The serial number can optically be written in such a way to facilitate its detection. The serial number may be optically recorded in a pre-specified location(s) in the media before replicating data using a spatial light modulator, almost at the same time or after.

This pre-formatted format non-linear recording for the configuration microholographic storage can facilitate the implementation of the budget systems microgeographical account. Having optics on the one hand the media, you can also use the simplified optical head. Further, for recording data may be used in the laser is not with one longitudinal fashion. Also, since there is only one light beam, can be implemented in a recording system with a tolerance of vibration for microholographic systems.

It should be clear that the described systems and methods preliminary formatting are not limited to volumetric systems and methods of storing data using materials with nonlinear and/or threshold response, but have Shir what kind of applicability to large systems and methods of storing data in General, including those that use materials with a linear response, such as described in U.S. patent publication 20050136333, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Restore stored in microprogramme data

Fig shows the system 4000. The system 4000 is convenient for detecting the presence or absence of microholograms in a specific location within the media, such as media rotating disk. System 4000 may be designed to select a volume using the mechanisms described here focusing and tracking. In one of the illustrated embodiments the laser beam 4010 is focused by focusing optics 4020, "to go about" target 4030 inside the disk media 4040 through a beam splitter 4050. The laser beam 4010 may be emitted from a conventional laser diode, such as are used in CD and DVD players. Such a laser may be, for example, diode laser based on GaAs or GaN. A beam splitter 4050 has the form of, for example, polarizing cubic beam splitter. The focusing optics 4020 may be in the form of, for example, a focusing lens with a high numerical aperture. Of course, other configurations are possible.

Regardless of the particulars, in cases where microholograms is in a given volume 4030, the light beam 4010 reflected reverse is through the optics 4020 in a beam splitter 4050. A beam splitter 4050 redirects reflected in the detector 4060, which detects the presence or absence of reflection. The detector 4060 may take the form of a photodiode, surrounded by a quadrant detector, such as, for example, commercially available model of the photodiode Hamamatsu Si Pin S6795.

It should be clear that the system described here and the ways of data recovery are not limited to volumetric systems and methods of storing data using materials with nonlinear and/or threshold response, but have wide applicability to large systems and methods of storing data in General, including those that use materials with a linear response, such as described in U.S. patent publication 20050136333, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Income protection

Pirate and even a casual copying of pre-recorded optical media is a significant source of economic loss for the industries of entertainment and software. The availability of recordable media with high data transmission speeds (as for example, with speeds up to 177 Mbps) allows you to easily copy CDS or DVDs containing copyrighted music and movies. In the software industry, content providers (content providers) often use codes and the Activa tion of products, to try to reduce pirated copy of the software. However, codes activate the product and the data on the drive is definitely not linked and multiple copies of the software can be installed on different machines with a limited ability to detect multiple copies or to prevent simultaneous use.

In known pre-recorded optical media, for example, a CD or DVD, the recorded content is usually replicated by stamping the relevant data in the media during the process of injection molding. This process may be used to playback the data in tens of thousands of disk drives in one exemplary disk, which inherently limits the ability to uniquely identify a separate disk. Several attempts were made to provide additional equipment and processes for marking each disk after the molding process. However, for marking disk mentioned processes usually require to record new data on the molded disk or erase the data from it. For example, attempts have been made to use a high power laser to mark the drive way in which the marking can be read by the drive. However, the data on disk is much smaller than the spot, in which the focus is to have the laser beam, so these marks are usually higher than the data, and not easy to interpret the drive.

Further, the known optical data storage devices, such as DVD disks, used to distribute pre-recorded content, usually have a large capacity, for at least two full-length feature films. Often, content providers use the capacity to accommodate two different formats of viewing the same content, for example, the traditional 4:3 format, combined with the 16:9 format, popular in the later models television.

One bit microgeographies system according to the present invention can offer numerous, for example, more than 50 separate films on one disc the size of a CD. In one embodiment, the implementation of each disc is marked with a unique individual identification number, which is embedded in the data and can be read holographic drive. This contributes to the fact that the holographic data may be replicated optical method. The ability to uniquely identify each disk large capacity enables new business models for content delivery, in which each disk can contain numerous feature films, grouped, e.g. the measures according to various categories such as genre, Director, actor).

In this embodiment, the user can be obtained, for example, by buying a pre-recorded disc. The price can be comparable with well known carriers, which provide the user access to one movie content, such as feature film. According to one aspect of the present invention, the consumer can subsequently be activated, for example, by purchase, additional content, such as additional feature films contained on the disk. The activation can perform the content provider, the Issuer of a separate access code associated with the identification number encoded on a specific disk or set of disks. In cases where the serial number is not copied, the access code is not capable of viewing pirated content on another otherwise published the disk.

Further, consumers can dare to copy disks (for example, by restoring the data, and reproducing them in another similar disk media) and to take their own access codes, based on the serial numbers, for example, built on a pre-formatted recordable disks. Thus, it can really be supported by teaching the content from user to user, thus blocking the flow of income for the owner of the content.

In one of the embodiments, one bit microholographic data can be reproduced for mass distribution through injection molding disk blanks and subsequent data transfer to the disk through the optical replication, such as blowout, as discussed here. Multiple locations on the disk can intentionally left blank during the initial exposure of data that must be played. Mentioned location subsequently recorded through additional optical display corresponding to the identification numbers in which each number is unique for each disk or set of disks, using, for example, the spatial light modulator. These locations can also be used for identification numbers on a blank pre-formatted disks.

Based on the expected storage requirements and storage containers, containing information microgeographies disk the size of a normal CD can contain up to 50 standard full-length feature films, or about 10 full-length movies in high definition (HD), but is not limited to this. The content can be grouped into any number of SP the way. For example, the content provider could put movies in predetermined rows on disk, for example, films with a specific main actor or actress, or films of the same genre. The serial number of the disk can be specified on or in the packaging of the disc in the preparation of retail sales. When the consumer buys the disc, the packaging may include an access code, which prompted to enter the user when he loses the drive. The access code corresponds to the associated serial disk to allow the user to view one and only one specific film on the disc (or a discrete set of movies). Alternatively, a player for the drive can be equipped with hardware/software to allow it to communicate with the authority to use that provide activation code for media player in response to the serial number, and possibly the identity of the user and is allowed at the moment the access level.

Regardless of this, the drive or card reader may include memory such as solid state or magnetic storage devices, to store the access code once when you enter it, so that subsequent viewing of the film is not required to re-enter the room.

In order to obtain additional activation codes that soo is square with the other films, contained on the disc, the user can contact the content provider or its agent through a computer network such as the Internet, or by telephone (for example, via a toll-free call). Alternatively, the player may prompt the user to determine whether the user wants to buy additional content, for example, after attempting to select a digital content by the user. When the user enters another activation code or this code is provided, for example, power usage, the player can check the number with the serial number of the disk, and only then be allowed to play the movie, if the code and the serial number correspond to or are associated with. Accordingly, the access code supplied with a key for the serial number of the specific disc that is not played, so while the data corresponding to the film on the disc, you can copy, access code, which allows access to the film is specific to the source disk and will not allow you to copy other disks for playback.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the content may be reproduced, for example, on a pre-formatted blank disk media. The content provider may even encourage users when providing copies to other consumers, so that R is sreset users downstream copies of the limited access to the contents of the disk. Each disc (pre-formatted or pre-encoded) may be provided with a unique or almost unique ID. The serial number will not be transferred during copying. The user copies the source media may contact the content provider or its agent, is similar to the user the source disk, and to request access codes corresponding to the serial number of the copy of the media disc. Thus, the content is distributed, while being guided by the relevant copyright.

According to one aspect of the present invention, microgeographies system replication can provide the opportunity to definitely produce each serial drive way, which is read only microgeographies drive. Microholograms can be written in the backup area of the disc media by interferonogene, for example, two opposing laser beams. The disk media may contain multiple content such as movies or other content, which may allow access only when purchased individually.

In order to compare the access codes and serial numbers on the drives to see whether they can be used by hardware and/or software. For x is anemia access code can be used memory, to the future contents not required to re-enter the code. Can be provided with the commercial model, in which new codes must be purchased to gain access to additional content on the disc. Can be provided pre-equipped with the serial numbers read disks that can be copied contents and which can be used for new access codes to obtain access to the copied content.

Use disk containing microholograms, and the read drive with unique serial numbers and business model that allows you to buy the content after receiving the media can provide several advantages. For example, revenue may be generated by facilitating the purchase of additional content already present on the user's disk. Copyright protection can be improved through the serial numbering disks with content, and read disks, and by preventing copying of serial numbers. Can be provided with a means of distributing content through the user to copy discs with content and subsequent authorization of access to these disks. Can be provided with numerous feature films, albums, records, or other content, independently activate the e on the same disk.

It should be clear that the model described here save income is not limited to bulk systems and storage methods, using materials with nonlinear and/or threshold response, but have wide applicability to large systems and methods of storing data in General, including those that use materials with a linear response, such as that described in U.S. patent publication 20050136333, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Specialists in the art should be obvious that the device and process of the present invention can be performed modifications and variations not departing from the essence and without leaving the scope of the present invention. It is implied that the present invention covers such modifications and variations of the present invention, including all of its equivalents.

1. A storage device containing:
a plastic substrate having a lot of volumes arranged along tracks in many Packed vertically, laterally extending layers, and the substrate includes a thermoplastic material and the dye, while said substrate exhibits a nonlinear optically sensitive functional characterization, and nonlinear optical sensitive functional characteristic is a threshold function is optional characteristic; and
many microholograms, each of which is contained in the corresponding one of the mentioned volumes;
the presence or absence of microholograms in each of these volumes characterizes a corresponding portion of the stored data.

2. The device according to claim 1, in which said substrate is a disk with a diameter of approximately 120 mm

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate further comprises a thermal catalyst.

4. The device according to claim 1 in which the said dye is a dye - back saturable absorber.

5. The device according to claim 1, in which the substrate contains a block copolymer of polyethylene oxide/polystyrene.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein said substrate contains a block copolymer of polycarbonate/polyester.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein said substrate contains ortho-nitrostilbene containing polymer.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein said substrate contains ortho-nitrostilbene and polymethylmethacrylate.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein said substrate contains polycarbonate.

10. The device according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned microholograms are essentially round.

11. The device according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned microholograms are oblong.

12. The device according to claim 1, in which said substrate is the Wallpaper of the disk, having a center and at least one of these layers is twisted spirally to the center of the disk, and at least another of the above-mentioned layers is twisted spirally from the center of the disk.

13. The device according to claim 1, in which each of these layers has a start and end point, and at least one of these starting points is essentially vertically aligned with at least one of the aforementioned endpoints.

14. The device according to claim 1, additionally containing a second set of microholograms in the above-mentioned substrate, which characterizes the tracking information.

15. The device according to 14, in which each microholograms characterizing data and said second set of microholograms has an axis and the axis of the mentioned microholograms characterizing data is different from the axis of this second set of microholograms.

16. The device according to item 15, in which the angle associated with the axis of the given one of the above-mentioned second set of microholograms, describes its position in the substrate.

17. The method of storing data, comprising stages, which are:
provide a plastic substrate, having a set of volumes arranged along tracks in many Packed vertically, laterally extending layers, and the substrate is soda the inhabitants of thermoplastic material and the dye, these substrate exhibits a nonlinear optically sensitive functional characterization, and nonlinear optical sensitive functional characteristic is a threshold functional characteristic; and
form many microholograms in said substrate;
each of these microholograms, essentially, see the appropriate one of these volumes, and the presence or absence of microholograms in each of these volumes characterizes a corresponding portion of the data.

18. The method according to 17, in which the above-mentioned microprogram selectively formed depending on the data.

19. Way to store and delete data containing phases in which:
provide a plastic substrate, having a set of volumes arranged along tracks in many Packed vertically, laterally extending layers, and the substrate includes a thermoplastic material and the dye, while said substrate exhibits a nonlinear optically sensitive functional characterization, and nonlinear optical sensitive functional characteristic is a threshold functional characteristic; and
form many microholograms in said substrate;
each of these microholograms, with the society, see the appropriate one of these volumes, and the presence or absence of microholograms in each of these volumes characterizes a corresponding portion of data;
the method further comprises a step, which selectively removes the selected one of microholograms depending on the data.

20. The method according to 17, in which the said formation contains the interference of two converging light beams.

21. The method according to claim 20, further containing a stage, where the focus of one of these light rays.

22. The method according to item 21, in which one of these rays is divergent.

23. The method according to item 21, further containing phase, which reflect one of the above-mentioned light rays to provide the other of these light rays.

24. The method according to claim 20, further containing the step, which selectively miniroot at least one of the light beams depending on the data.

25. The method according to 17, further containing phase, which form a second set of holograms with the direction of reflection than the corresponding directions mentioned multiple holograms.

26. The method according A.25, which referred to the second set of holograms sets mentioned tracks.

27. The method according to 17, further containing a stage, on which is formed the second is notesto of microholograms at a specified spacing, moreover, the diversity characterizes the position inside the substrate.

28. The method according to 17, further containing phase, which form a second set of microholograms, with at least one of the above-mentioned second set of microholograms is in General one of the volumes in conjunction with at least one of the many microholograms.

29. The method according to 17, further containing a stage, where the lights mentioned microholograms through the second plastic substrate.

30. The method according to clause 29, in which the said light induces picture of the changes of refractive index in said second plastic substrate.

31. The method according to item 30, optionally containing phase, which cover the above-mentioned second plastic substrate through a third plastic substrate, and the above mentioned lighting the second plastic substrate through a third plastic substrate duplicates mentioned many microholograms in the above-mentioned third substrate.

32. The method according to p, in which the said lighting uses laser beams.

33. The method according to p, in which the aforementioned laser beams have a Central wavelength corresponding to the above microholograms.

34. The method according to p, which referred to the Central wavelength of approximately 532 nm.

35. The method of data storage, with the holding stages, are:
provide a plastic substrate, having a set of volumes arranged along tracks in many Packed vertically, laterally extending layers, and the substrate includes a thermoplastic material and the dye, while said substrate exhibits a nonlinear optically sensitive functional characteristic; and
form many microholograms in said substrate;
each of these microholograms, essentially, see the appropriate one of these volumes, and the presence or absence of microholograms in each of these volumes characterizes a corresponding portion of data;
the method additionally includes the stage at which light mentioned microholograms through the second plastic substrate, and the above-mentioned illumination induces a picture of the changes of refractive index in said second plastic substrate; and
the method further comprises a step in which the above-mentioned second light plastic substrate through a third plastic substrate, and the above mentioned lighting the second plastic substrate through a third plastic substrate duplicates mentioned many microholograms in the above-mentioned third substrate.

36. A storage device containing:
plastic on the spoon, having a lot of volumes arranged along tracks in many Packed vertically, laterally extending layers, and the substrate includes a thermoplastic material and the dye, while said substrate exhibits a nonlinear optically sensitive functional characteristic; and
many microholograms, each of which is contained in the corresponding one of the mentioned volumes;
the presence or absence of microholograms in each of these volumes characterizes a corresponding portion of the stored data,
the device further comprises a second set of microholograms in the above-mentioned substrate, which characterizes the tracking information, and each of microholograms characterizing data and said second set of microholograms has an axis and the axis of the mentioned microholograms characterizing data is different from the axis of this second set of microholograms.