Connecting survey method

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: connecting survey method is implemented in the following way: one downward shaft scanning travel determines a) plane coordinates (X, Y) of one and/or more points of the surveying underground network in the coordinate system accepted on the surface; b) orientation of underground horizons - transfer of direction angle from surface to the well; c) absolute height point (Z coordinate) of points of underground surveying network in mine workings in the coordinate system which is common with the surface.

EFFECT: improvement of prompt transfer of the specified coordinates and direction angle from day surface to underground mine workings at maintaining high accuracy.

1 dwg

The claimed invention is intended for the mining industry, in particular to methods for producing horizontal and vertical connecting filming of underground mine workings through the vertical trunks or other steeply production, such as mine itself.

The invention relates to the priority area of science and technology "Technology is environmentally safe mining and mining", aimed at solving problems of a geometric connection between filming on the earth's surface and in the underground mine workings in the adopted surface coordinate system X, Y, and Z.

There is a method of orientation by using a gyrocompass, for example, MVT, MVT (surveying: Textbook. for universities. - In two parts / Ed. by I.N. Ushakov. - 3rd ed., revised and enlarged extra - M.: Nedra, 1989. - Part 1 / I.N. Ushakov and others - S-144), which refers to the physical orientation methods - determination of the azimuth angle of underground surveying network using gyroscopic principle.

According to the method first determines the gyroscopic azimuth of either party underground surveying control network, then through the appropriate amendment (defined on the surface), find its azimuth angle. When the gyroscopic orientation tasks the centering and orientation of the subsurface horizons are solved separately.

Common features of known similar significant features of the proposed method are conducting preparatory work by determining the azimuth angle and the execution of post-processing.

The disadvantages of analogue include:

- the high complexity of the preparatory and Executive (field) work, which increases the time required for orientation determination of the azimuth angle) underground surveying control network in the coordinate system adopted at the surface (hence the subsurface horizons);

- self-execution determining the coordinates of Z in the mine (vertical connecting shooting)that leads to the need for installation of additional equipment, increasing the complexity and timing of the entire complex reference-connecting shooting.

The known method of vertical connecting shooting (surveying: Textbook. for universities. - In two parts / Ed. by I.N. Ushakov. - 3rd ed., revised and enlarged extra - M.: Nedra, 1989. - Part 1 / I.N. Ushakov and others - S-147), which performs the task of transferring elevations from the surface into the mine by means of a long shaft of the tape.

Common features analogue, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed method are also carrying out preparatory work in the form of installation of the equipment is of and sending Z to the original reference point on the surface.

The disadvantages of analogue is the low efficiency of determining the level of the surveying point in the underground development and a lack of accuracy due to the introduction of amendments in the results of field measurements for komprimovana tape (roulette), the temperature, the elongation of the tape from its own weight and suspended load.

Also known way (mine surveying: Textbook. for universities. - In two parts / Ed. by I.N. Ushakov. - 3rd ed., revised and enlarged extra - M.: Nedra, 1989. - Part 1 / I.N. Ushakov and others - P.148-150) transfer elevations from the surface to the original point (the rapper) underground surveying control network using long measures YES-2.

Common signs of this analogue, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed method is: the installation of equipment on the surface (support building), passing mark (Z) to the original frame to support the building and underground production, processing of measurement results.

The disadvantages of the above method include the low fidelity marks due to the introduction of the instrument amendments and the need to use two teams of performers to work additional installation of special equipment, which increases the timing of the transfer of marks from the surface of the shaft and reduces the accuracy of the final result.

Known SPO is about transferring elevations in the mine using speedliner, for example ST5. (Snetkov I. Theoretical basis and practical ways to transfer elevations from the surface into the mine with the help of svetodalnomery / VI Snetkov // Bulletin of Surveying. - 2004. No. 3. - P.42-45).

In this case, transmission elevations as follows. On the roof of the mine cage, exhibited at the zero pad on the surface, set the tripod and fixed group prismatic reflectors; the cage is lowered to the horizon of the transfer mark. Then overlap the boards of the mouth of the barrel, install speedliner on the ceiling, a defining mark the optical center of speedliner from a reference point with leveling. Identifying marks prismatic reflectors located on the roof of the cage, is carried out by measuring vertical distances to EDM reflectors. Further, with leveling mark from the reflectors is transmitted to the frame, laid in an underground working, or surveying point (point).

Signs consistent with the essential features of the claimed method are: the transfer of elevation on the optical centre of speedliner; subsequent transfer mark on a group of prismatic reflectors; determination of the absolute level of the marker (mine) in the underground workings.

The disadvantages of this with the person include the following provisions:

the method is applicable only in the vertical and dry workings;

is performed independently in addition to ways to transfer the azimuth angle in the mine and the plane coordinate X, Y;

- increased risk of production of surveys on the underground horizon, due to the fact that the protective visor to cage to ensure line-of-sight "EDM-reflectors" on the transmission time stamp is removed.

- participation in all dimensions of the person, which introduces additional errors (human error).

For the prototype of the claimed method adopted horizontal connective imagery related to the geometric orientation methods involving two plumb (Borsch-Kompaniets VI Geodesy. Surveying: the Textbook for high schools. - M.: Nedra, 1989 - S-315) and which solves two problems:

- centering underground surveying networks;

orienteering underground surveying networks, i.e. the transfer of the azimuth angle from the surface into the mine.

Centering network is determining the target coordinates X and Y starting point of the underground polygonometry and can be performed using one of a plumb. The orientation of the surveying networks is geometric and physical (in particular, gyroscopic) methods.

The method according to the prototype, provided the determinant, a geometric way to transfer the azimuth angle through one vertical shaft, includes the following operations:

- design, performed using two weights, lowered from the surface into the mine;

- centering;

- adjunction, folding of geodetic measurements on the surface and in the mine.

The orientation of the aquifers in this case is performed by a virtual plane passing vertically through lowered the weights. The plane serves as a conduit for determining the azimuth angle of the initial part of the underground oligomerizes network from the surface into the mine. As a tool for solving the problem of contiguity to plumb on the surface and in the mine are connecting geometric shapes: triangles or quadrilaterals.

The characteristics of the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the proposed method are: installation of equipment at the surface, the preparatory work related to the determination of the coordinates on the surface (support building) and in the pit, underground workings, measuring distances, horizontal and vertical angles and the subsequent processing of the measurement results by computer.

The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows:

1. The small distance between the plumb limited as the existing trunk diameter (steeply output), and the choice of m is a hundred for a smooth descent of the weights, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of transmission of the azimuth angle.

2. High probability of tangling wires plummet during descent or ascent due to the presence in the trunk of various equipment (guide wires, pipes, cables and other), which reduces the efficiency of the method and increases its complexity.

3. The need for ongoing "peace" of plumb due to air movement in the trunk and the influence of swing weights on the orientation accuracy.

4. Feasible only in a vertical mine shaft (the rising generation) and cannot be implemented in a steeply workings because of the impossibility of lowering plummet.

5. Increased risk of execution of works on mine horizon (at the junction to the package because of the possibility of falling foreign objects into the wellbore from the surface or from the overlying horizons from a height of 60 m and more.

6. Separate implementation of horizontal and vertical connection of filming, which increases the complexity and duration of the whole complex of works due to mounting and Dismounting equipment when determining the target coordinates X, Y and the azimuth angle and the subsequent installation of new equipment to transfer elevations from the surface into the mine.

7. Limiting the depth of transmission of the directional angle of up to 500 m

8. The necessity of the work item is the method prototype in a relatively long period of time (1-2 days) detrimental to the performance of the mine on the issuance of the rock mass to the surface.

The claimed invention is directed to solving the problem of transmission of a single coordinate system X, Y, Z and the azimuth angle of the surface to the underground workings for one scanning stroke.

The technical result is to increase the speed of transmission to the specified coordinates and the azimuth angle of the surface in underground production while maintaining high precision.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved in that in the method of connecting the shooting, including the consolidation of reflective marks on the surface and along the trunk (steeply development), as well as surveying points on the specified levels, measuring distances, horizontal and vertical angles using the laser scanner and the subsequent processing of the obtained measurements. According to the invention hallmarks is that as the equipment mounted on the surface using a laser scanner (lidar). And at first put reflective marks on the surface and in the trunk (steeply development), then fix the reflective mark on the given horizon under the surveying points, then fix the laser scanner under the bottom of the bucket and the issue is lnewt scan. The scanner is fixed through technological hole under the bottom of the cage, the axis of rotation of the scanning part of the feature perpendicular to the underground mine workings. The distance between the scanning positions in the barrel select from 40 to 70 m, depending on the environmental conditions in the trunk, its technical characteristics and the type of reflective marks. Transfer the planned coordinates, azimuth angle and elevation in the mine carried out simultaneously by laser scanning due to the fact that the scanner sequentially transmits the coordinates from the reflective marks are on the surface and in the trunk of marks secured in the underground workings.

Distinctive features identified when comparing the claimed process with prototypes, confirm the "newness" of the claimed technical solution.

The use of laser scanner allows to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of connective shooting. The consolidation of the scanner under the crate in the technological hole allows you to perform a scan imagery in a given space both on the surface and in the trunk (steeply development). The use of reflective marks allows gradual speed transmission of coordinates through reflective of the brand, installed on the surface and in the trunk, in the underground is arabuko on reflective mark, fixed under the surveying points. Use mine cage allows movement built underneath the laser scanner anywhere in the scanning position. Locking Jack stands (i.e. creating stand immobility) enough to run from one side to the period transfer of coordinates from the surface in the barrel to achieve the necessary precision laser shooting.

Simultaneous transmission azimuth angle, plane coordinate and elevation from the surface into the mine several times accelerates and simplifies connecting shooting through one vertical shaft or a steeply rising production.

Known for a wide use of laser scanners for surface filming terrain, forests, existing buildings and structures, different designs, i.e. the images in conditions of direct visibility. With regard to the use of laser scanning for transmission plane coordinate, mark and the azimuth angle in mining, for the person skilled in the art solution is not obvious from the existing level of this technique. In this case there is no direct visibility and communication of the surface with underground mining development, but there is the presence of cramped conditions in Vertica is inih, and steeply inclined workings (for example, Elevator itself).

Overcoming these "barriers" in the claimed method is achieved through the implementation stage (multi-stage) laser stroke (vertical, horizontal, combined), which coordinates stages are passed through reflective of the brand, installed on a surface (support building), in the trunk or in the Elevator shaft (steeply) itself, as well as in the underground pit workings. At the same time for one scanning stroke in the present method it is possible to transfer the planned coordinates X, Y, azimuth angle and elevation from the surface into the mine in the coordinate system adopted on the surface.

Thus, in the process of implementation of the proposed method:

a) define the planned coordinates X, Y and one (or) more points surveying underground network in the coordinate system adopted on the surface;

b) is the orientation of the subsurface horizons (transfer of azimuth angle from the surface into the mine);

C) calculate the absolute elevation (Z coordinate) of the point underground mine network in mines in common with the surface coordinate system.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the diagram of the work on the proposed method of connecting shooting (directional transmission from the aircraft, the planned coordinates and elevation) of the laser scanner from the surface (ground zero) in an underground pit horizontal production through vertical trunk.

Below is a digital designation of drawing elements:

1 - the surface of the place of work (full surface);

2 - pit-horizontal underground production;

3 is a vertical trunk;

4 - mine cage;

5 - laser scanner;

6 - electronic tachymeter;

S₁- the initial position of the mine cage on the surface;

S₂the intermediate position of mine cage in the shaft between the surface and a given horizon (pit production);

S₃- the position of the mine cage in the trunk in front of one of the underground horizons (pit production);

n₁n₂n₃n₄n₅- reflective marks fixed on the surface;

p₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅p₆, R₇, R₈is reflective of the brand, installed in the trunk;

m₁, m₂is reflective of the brand, is fixed under the surveying points (permanent items);

MT₁MT₂- surveying point the starting side of underground surveying network on the horizon.

The method includes a number of working steps performed in a specific order and necessary for gaining the planned result including multiple scanning positions (in this case three), the number of which depends on the depth of placement of horizontal excavations beneath the earth.

Example.

1. The preparatory phase. On the surface of the place of work, for example, support the building along the vertical shaft 3 (a steeply output), and pit-horizontal underground development 2 fixed reflective of the brand n₁-n₅, R₁-R₈and m₁-m₂. Then determine the planned coordinates X, Y reflective marks n₁-n₅for example, using an electronic total station 6 type Nikon and their altitude. Next raise mine cage 4 1.0-1.5 m above the surface of the seat 1, for example, above the level of the head rail zero pad (not shown) and set the laser scanner 5 (in this case, Riegl LMS Z420i) in the technological hole shaft shaft 4.

2. Stage laser scanning with serial position (in our example S₁, S₂, S₃):

- 1-th position of the scan (S₁). Is performed after fixing the laser scanner 5 under mine cage 4 and bring it in working the "starting"state, which results in scanning of the surface, i.e. binding to the reflective marks n₁-n₅the upper part of the vertical with the ox 3 and the transmission of the coordinates on the grade R ₁-R₄;

- 2nd position scan. Is set by moving mine cage 4 on the vertical shaft 3 and stop it at the point S₂. Then a laser shot, the result of which is binding to the coordinates of the reflective marks p₁-p₄and the coordinates of the underlying Bush brands-reflectors p₅-p₈,

- 3-position stand for scan (S₃). Is set so that at the same time was in line of sight with the laser scanner 5 on the underlying reflective of the brand p₅-p₈and reflective of the brand, established in unloading horizontal underground development 2, m₁, m₂. You then run the scan, performed laser capture all visible areas of mining, including reflective marks. In this position, in this case, field work completed.

3. The stage of post-processing - mathematical processing of laser scanning data. At this final stage of the transfer field data from the scanner to the computer and their subsequent processing, for example, using the standard software supplied with the laser scanner Riscan Pro. Thus obtained azimuth angle initial side MT₁-MT₂underground surveying network unloading Gori is ostalnoe underground working 2 different from the control, a specific method gyroscopic orientation, 00°01'44”, and is within a process tolerance, which indicates a high accuracy of the proposed method.

The difference of elevations, defined using scanner and long measures YES-2 does not exceed the requirements of the "Instructions for the production of surveys (EP 07 - 603 - 03). Series 07. Issue 15 / Coll. Auth. - M.: Federal state unitary enterprise "Scientific-technical center for industrial safety of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia", 2004. - 120 C. and is 0,034 m, which also indicates high accuracy of the proposed method.

The inventive method allows for the execution of field works for only one shift to solve the problem with achievement of the technical result in the simultaneous identification and planned the coordinates of the initial points of the underground mine network, and its orientation, and transfer elevations from the surface into the mine.

Conducting field surveying works in one shift is essential to avoid long-term "debt" barrel, affecting the productivity of a vertical shaft on the issuance of the rock mass to the surface.

The method of connecting the shooting, including the installation of equipment on the surface, the preparatory work related to the definition of the coordinate n is the surface and in the pit workings, measurement of distances, horizontal and vertical angles and the subsequent processing of the measurement results with the help of a computer, characterized in that the quality of the equipment mounted on the surface, use a laser scanner, which before measuring distances, horizontal and vertical angles is fixed under the bottom of the cage with providing direction to the scanning area down from the stands and side splitting underground aquifers in the process of preparatory work related to the determination of the coordinates on the surface, stem and pit workings install reflective of the brand, and unloading openings of the reflective marks are placed under the surveying points, transfer the azimuth angle, the planned coordinates and elevations in the mine carried out simultaneously by laser scanning one scanning stroke along the shaft from top to bottom, producing a progressively phased laser scanning of the trunk from top to bottom, starting from the surface and ending at a given horizon in the mine, for this laser scanning on the surface produce, linking the scanner to a reflective marks located on the surface and in the trunk, simultaneously transmitting the coordinates to the nearest reflective of the brand that are in the article is OLE, and then make consecutive stepwise stepwise scanning of the barrel, passing the coordinates from the upper reflective marks to the bottom and to the reflective marks located in the unloading horizontal openings, while before you start scanning, make the fixation of the cage with one hand by spreading her Jack.