Method of determining temperature of measuring sensor

IPC classes for russian patent Method of determining temperature of measuring sensor (RU 2453834):

G01N27/406 -

G01K7/26 - the element being an electrolyte

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In the method of determining temperature of a measuring sensor for measuring concentration of oxygen in gas mixtures, mainly in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the output voltage of a Nernst measuring element (12) which corresponds to oxygen concentration is analysed; temperature of the measuring sensor is changed such that it is equal to the working temperature using a heating device (50); internal resistance of the Nernst measuring element (12) is determined in a first temperature range and then used to determine temperature of the Nernst measuring element (12); internal resistance of the heating device (50) is determined in a second temperature range and then used to determine temperature Nernst measuring element (12).

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FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: in the method of determining temperature of a measuring sensor for measuring concentration of oxygen in gas mixtures, mainly in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the output voltage of a Nernst measuring element (12) which corresponds to oxygen concentration is analysed; temperature of the measuring sensor is changed such that it is equal to the working temperature using a heating device (50); internal resistance of the Nernst measuring element (12) is determined in a first temperature range and then used to determine temperature of the Nernst measuring element (12); internal resistance of the heating device (50) is determined in a second temperature range and then used to determine temperature Nernst measuring element (12).

EFFECT: invention increases temperature measurement accuracy.

9 cl, 5 dwg

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the temperature measuring sensor described in the independent claim 1 of the claims. Proposed in the invention, the method can be implemented as a computer program and embodied in a computer software product containing recorded on a machine-readable medium program code for implementing the method.

The level of technology

From the publication DE 19838456 A1 known appropriate method of regulating the temperature measuring sensor, designed to determine the oxygen concentration in gas mixtures, particularly in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the implementation of which issued analyze the measuring element (cell) Nernst output voltage corresponding to the oxygen concentration, and measuring the sensor lead to operating temperature by the heating device, and the actual operating temperature is determined by measuring the internal (private) resistance AC current measuring element Nernst. To eliminate due to the technology of manufacturing variations of the resistance values, when carrying out the known method when the input of the measuring sensor is AC operation and/or re-commissioning determine the internal resistance of a conductor of the power electrodes of the measuring element Nernst AC and actual internal resistance to take into account when determining the operating temperature. Determining the operating temperature of the measuring sensor based on the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst it is only possible to a limited extent, because the temperature characteristic of the resistance of the electrolyte, forming a measuring sensor, due to the shape of its curve allows precise measurement only in a limited temperature region. In addition, this feature has a variable displacement, due to the conductor resistance power. Characteristic error-prone due to technological inaccuracies in the manufacture of printed circuits.

Disclosure of inventions

Proposed in the invention method, described in paragraph 1 of the formula of the invention has the advantage that it allows to determine the temperature measuring sensor is designed for measuring the concentration of oxygen in gas mixtures with high accuracy in a wide range of temperatures. For this purpose, in accordance with the invention is determined in the first temperature region (the first temperature range) internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst and make a conclusion about the temperature measuring element Nernst, and determine the second temperature region (the second temperature range) GNC is Rennie resistance heating device and make a conclusion about the temperature measuring element Nernst. Splitting the working range of such a measurement probe in a few areas the temperature chosen in such a way as to ensure the ability to accurately determine the temperature measuring element Nernst allows you to accurately determine the temperature over the entire operating range of the measuring sensor.

In dependent claims described preferred embodiments of the proposed invention in the manner described in the independent claim.

So, to determine the internal resistance of the heating device and therefore the internal resistance to be inferred from the temperature measuring element Nernst preferably at a time when the heating device is switched off. Thus, for example, in the case of actuation of the heating device in the clock mode, you can always use a clock intervals, when the supply voltage/current to the heating means is not performed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention two temperatures do not overlap, and posted. The first area of the ends temperatures below the operating temperature of the measuring sensor and the second temperature range starts above the operating temperature of the measuring sensor. This has the advantage that in the first allacciamento, i.e. at lower temperatures below the operating temperature, measure the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst allows a very exact temperature, because in this region the curve changes the resistance of the electrolyte temperature has a very strong inclination, and hence with temperature changes, the resistance changes very quickly, which gives high resolution. In the second temperature region, starting above the temperature measuring sensor, the temperature measuring sensor is determined by determining the internal resistance of the heating device. This is because the characteristic of the internal resistance of the heating device of the linear and in the field of higher temperatures is also tilted, providing a sufficiently high resolution.

In another embodiment of the invention, the temperature range may overlap. In this case, the temperature measuring element Nernst determined by determining how the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst and the internal resistance of the heating device. Thus, in the same temperature region perform two different methods of measurement and thus receive two temperature values. Thus preferably used in the SQL internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst, in which the share of the conductor of the power offset, as illustrated in the publication DE 19838456 A1, included in the description by reference. The second area of temperatures is used to confirm the plausibility of this value.

In order to calibrate the characteristic dependence of the internal resistance of the heating device temperature in terms of its absolute value, in the specified temperature range, preferably located directly below the operating temperature of the measuring sensor can be defined as the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst and the resistance of the heating device, and by comparing the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst resistance heating device to calibrate the absolute value of the temperature characteristics of the heating device. In other words, calibration is carried out in the temperature range in which by determining the internal resistance of the element Nernst possible a very precise determination of the temperature.

This calibration is performed in new condition measuring sensor once, and the results remain in memory and used during the entire life of the sensor. This allows you to compensate for the error due with what arenium internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst, as in this case, the internal resistance of the heating device is known.

For further optimization proposed in the invention method, in the temperature region in which to perform the calibration, you can also split the error (error) bias and proportional error, distorting feature, which by comparing the internal resistance included a heating device with an internal resistance off of the heating device can determine the ratio of the resistance located in the form of a meander of the heating device to the conductor resistance power. This allows you to separate the bias error from the proportional error and because the bias error is eliminated by calibration, to compensate and proportional error linear characteristics.

Brief description of drawings

The embodiments of the invention are explained in the description below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a view in section of the measuring sensor, which uses proposed in the invention method,

on figa - dependence of the internal resistance of the element Nernst temperature,

on figb - dependence of the internal resistance of the heating device temperature,

figure 3 - illustration of offer from the britanii method of temperature control by means of the characteristics of the resistance change element Nernst, as well as the internal resistance of the heating device temperature,

figure 4 - scheme for registration of the internal resistance of the heating device,

figure 5 is another flow diagram to check the internal resistance of the heating device.

The implementation of the invention

Figure 1 shows a view in section of the measuring head of the measuring sensor 10. The measuring sensor 10 made in the form of planar broadband measuring sensor and consists of several individual located one above the other layers, which can be structured, for example, by film casting, cutting, screen printing, laminating, cutting, sintering, etc. Within the framework of the present description obtaining the layered structure is not described in detail because it is known.

The measuring sensor 10 is used to determine the concentration of oxygen in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines with the purpose of obtaining a control signal for regulating the fuel / air mixture, which operates the internal combustion engine.

The measuring sensor 10 has a measuring element (cell) Nernst 12 and element 14 of the pump. Measuring element Nernst 12 has a first electrode 16 and the second electrode 18, between which is located a solid electrolyte 20. The electrode 16 h the rez diffusion barrier 22 is affected analyze the exhaust gases 24. The measuring sensor 10 has a measurement hole 26, which may enter the exhaust gases 24. At the base of the measuring hole 26 passes through the diffusion barrier 22, forming a cavity 28 within which is located an electrode 16. The electrode 18 of the measuring element Nernst 12 is located in the channel 30 of the reference (reference) air and exposed in the channel 30 of the reference gas, for example air. The solid electrolyte 20 is, for example, of zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide, and the electrodes 16 and 18 are made of platinum and Zirconia.

The measuring sensor 10 connected to the switching circuit 32, shown here only conditionally, which is used for processing (analysis) of the signals of the measuring sensor 10 and the control sensor 10. While the electrodes 16 and 18 are connected, respectively, to the inputs 34 and 36, to which is applied the output voltage UD of the measuring element Nernst 12.

The pumping element 14 is composed of the first electrode 38 and the second electrode 40, between which is located the electrolyte 42. The solid electrolyte 42 and in this case, for example, consists of zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide, and the electrodes 38 and 40 can also be made of platinum and zirconium oxide. The electrode 38 is also placed in the cavity 28 and thus also feeling the effects of otruba ausich gas 24 through the diffusion barrier 22. The electrode 40 has a protective coating 44, which is porous, and therefore, the electrode 40 is exposed to the exhaust gas 24 directly. The electrode 40 is connected to the input 46 of the switching circuit 32, and the electrode 38 is connected to the electrode 16, and with it is connected to the input 34 of the switching circuit 32.

The measuring sensor 10 also includes a heating device 50, formed the so-called meander heater and coupled with the inputs 52 and 54 of the switching circuit 32. The inputs 52 and 54 by means of the regulating circuit 56 may be supplied to the filament voltage UH.

Measuring the sensor operates as follows.

The exhaust gases 24 through the measuring hole 26 and the diffusion barrier 22 are received in the cavity 28, and hence to the electrodes 16 of the measuring element Nernst 12, and the electrode 38 of the pumping element 14. Because of the content analyzed in the exhaust gases of oxygen between the electrode 16 and the electrode 18, which affects the reference gas, there is a difference between the oxygen concentrations. Via output 34 of the electrode 16 is connected to the current source switching circuit 32 that outputs a constant current. Due to the difference of oxygen concentration on the electrodes 16 and 18 is set to a specific output voltage UD (Nernst voltage). When this measuring element Nernst 12 operates in is the quality of the sensor of oxygen concentration, also called oxygen sensor, or lambda sensor, determining whether the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases 24 high or low. Concentration of oxygen can be understood whether the air-fuel mixture, which operates the internal combustion engine, rich or poor mixture. In the transition from the rich in a poor area, or Vice versa, the output voltage UD decreases or increases.

Using the switching circuit 32 output voltage UD is used to determine the voltage pumping UP, which is supplied to the pumping element 14 between the electrodes 38 and 40. Depending on the signal if the output voltage UD of finding an air-fuel mixture in a rich or a poor area, the voltage pumping UP negatively or positively, so that the electrode 40 is included as a cathode or as an anode. Accordingly sets the pump current IP, which can be measured using a measuring device switching circuit 32. The pump current IP pumps oxygen ions from the electrode 40 to the electrode 38, or Vice versa. The measured pump current IP is used to control device controlling the fuel / air mixture, which operates the internal combustion engine.

The controller 56 can apply to the outputs 54 and 52 of the switching circuit 32 n is Prairie glow UH, with the possibility of switching on and off of the heating device 50. The heating device 50 allows you to bring the measuring sensor 10 to the working temperature of about 780°C and above. Due to fluctuations in flow rate and/or temperature of the exhaust gas 24 exhaust gases 24 are transmitted to the measuring sensor 10 is specified in the variable thermal energy. Depending on the heat of the measuring sensor 10 exhaust gases 24 must activate or deactivate the heating device 50. To determine the actual operating temperature of the measuring sensor 10 switching circuit 32 has the measuring circuit 58, which measures the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst 12, including the conductors leading to the switching circuit 32, AC. The internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst 12 AC depends on the temperature, therefore, the measured internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst 12 AC, you can determine the operating temperature. Depending on the specific operating temperature measuring circuit 58 outputs a signal 60 to the circuit 56 to control the heating.

The determination of the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst 12 AC in itself known and is described, for example, in the publication DE 19838456, which in full is included in the description by reference. smirenje temperature through resistance R _ithe electrolyte is carried out using the effect of QCD (negative temperature coefficient).

By measuring this resistance determines the temperature and accordingly regulate the power going to the heating, thus bringing the probe to the working temperature. If the probe does not have its own heating and heated only by the exhaust gases, by resistance measurements to determine the ambient temperature or the exhaust gas temperature. However, this measurement is only possible in a limited range of temperatures up to about 800°C. the Measurement at a higher temperature difficult.

When determining the ambient temperature or the temperature of exhaust gases of interest are primarily temperature above 800°C. Due to the exponential nature of his fall, the dependence of resistance on temperature in this temperature range has a sloping characteristic, as shown in figa, which shows the dependence of the internal resistance of the element 12 from the Nernst temperature. In addition, the range of allowable deviations from the specifications 210 extends, as per conductor power share resistance, unstable due to technological reasons and temperature-dependent only slightly increases. For this reason, specified the e high temperature based on the resistance of the electrolyte element Nernst 12 or pumping element is associated with a large error.

In contrast to the internal resistance of the element Nernst 12, i.e. the resistance of the electrolyte, a metal resistance heating device 50 detects shown in figb linear, and in the field of higher temperatures, above 800°C, steeper increase with increasing temperature. However, the internal resistance of the heating device 50 is approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the internal resistance of the element Nernst 12, therefore, unknown offset, for example, due to the conductor resistance of the supply leads to increased error in the correlation of the internal resistance of the heating device 50 and the ambient temperature or the temperature of the exhaust gases. In order to use such a measuring sensor with high accuracy in a wide temperature range of from about 500 to 1200°C, the invention provides for determination of the temperature in the first temperature range internal resistance R_iitem Nernst 12, and the second temperature range - internal resistance R_ia heating device, as schematically shown in figure 3. In the first temperature region marked I, in which curve the internal resistance R_iitem 12 from the Nernst temperature discovers the steep drop is, the temperature measuring sensor is determined by the definition of this internal resistance. In the second temperature region marked II, in which curve the internal resistance R_iitem Nernst 12 from the temperature varies little, the temperature measuring sensor is determined by determining the internal resistance of the heating device 50.

You can also provide additional definition of the temperature on the internal resistance of the heating device 50 in region I and comparing the thus obtained temperature values from the temperature value is found by determining the internal resistance of the element Nernst 12. Thus from these two thus obtained temperature values, you can calculate the average value. The same applies accordingly to region II. In addition, the proposed in the invention method allows to determine the offset resistance in the conductors of the power supply, which requires known from the prior art a simple measurement techniques, and calibrate a characteristic change in the internal resistance of the heating device 50 according to the temperature during operation of the sensor or in the phase of start-up. By this calibration, described in more detail below, a measurement can be made internally is its resistance heating device 50 with high accuracy. This has the following advantages:

- the accuracy is not affected by the error of the temperature dependence of the internal resistance of the heating device 50, caused by instability of the resistance heating device 50 associated with the technology of manufacturing printed circuits;

- eliminated the unknown offset of the temperature dependence of the internal resistance of the heating device 50, due to the variability of the resistance of conductors of power;

- does not require additional sensors.

Calibration of the temperature characteristics of the heating device 50, i.e. according to its internal resistance on temperature, as follows: when the temperature T_Tousing the temperature dependence 210 internal resistance of the element Nernst 12 perform accurate temperature determination. Based on the result of measurement or multiple measurements, perform the calibration of the temperature characteristics of the heating device 50, i.e. according to its internal resistance on temperature, the ratio of the absolute values of this characteristic. Then at high temperatures in region II the temperature is determined using calibrated so the temperature characteristics of the heating device is STW 50.

The above temperature measurement is carried out at a time when the heating device is switched off. When the heater is driven in clocked mode, the measurement is always performed in the time intervals in which the heater is not receiving current/voltage.

Check resistance can be performed, for example, if - as shown in figure 4 - heating device does not receive the battery voltage U_Batand connected, for example, an electronic switch 410 to the measuring circuit containing the shunt resistance R_Schuntwhere the voltmeter 420 measure the voltage drop and thus measure the internal resistance. When this shunt resistance R_Schuntcan have, for example, a value of 3 Ohms, allowing you to very precisely determine the resistance as in the case of off heat even when a relatively large shunt resistance R_Schuntloss resistance does not reduce the power of the heating device.

By comparing the values of the internal resistance of the heating device 50 at two very different temperatures of the measuring sensor can be judged against the resistance of the meander conductor and the resistance of the power leads. This allows to distinguish the error 240 attributable to m is androom heater, from error 250 attributable to wire power (see figb). The fact that the resistance of the heater consists of the resistance of conductors of the power and resistance of the meander conductor, and the temperature dependence detects primarily the resistance of the meander conductor. If you now measure the resistance at two temperatures, for example directly after starting the engine of the vehicle and at the time when it reached operating temperature of the sensor 780°C, it is possible to determine the change in resistance of the heating device 50, and it and the resistance of the meander conductor is proportional to the resistance change. Using the resistance of the meander conductor by resistance heating device 50 to determine the proportion of resistance provodnikov power. This will allow to distinguish the bias error from the proportional error.

Compensation displacement errors and proportional errors can be made by measuring at two or more measurement points or at two or more temperatures. The condition for this is the above-described calibration characteristics 220 at the point T_Toby accurately determining the temperature of the temperature characteristic element 210 Nernst 12, characterizing the dependence of the internal weather resistance is of the temperature.

Next, measure the internal resistance R_Nthe heating device 50 can be performed by using the schema shown in figure 5, through the shunt, connected in parallel, during the output of the FET 510. This shunt R_Schunt2in this case, has a resistance of, for example, 1 kω. In this case, the switching between on and off state of the heating device is not required.

The above-described method may be implemented, for example, in the form of a computer program executed in the processor, especially in the control device of the internal combustion engine. Software code may be stored on a machine-readable medium which is read by the control device.

1. The method of determining the temperature measuring sensor is designed for measuring the concentration of oxygen in gas mixtures, particularly in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the implementation of which issued analyze measuring element Nernst (12) output voltage corresponding to the oxygen concentration, and bring the sensor up to operating temperature by a heating device (50), characterized in that the determined first temperature region of the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst (12) and make a conclusion about the temperature of the ISM is satisfactory element Nernst (12), determine a second temperature range internal resistance of the heating device (50) and make a conclusion about the temperature measuring element Nernst (12).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal resistance of the heating device (50) is determined at the time when the heating device (50) is turned off.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first temperature and the second temperature ranges do not overlap.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first temperature and the second temperature ranges overlap.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the first temperature region determine the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst (12) and make a conclusion about the temperature measuring element Nernst (12), at the same time, due to the overlap of two areas of temperature, the second temperature region determine the internal resistance of the heating device (50) and make a conclusion about the temperature measuring element Nernst (12), and on the basis of both so determined temperatures conclude the temperature measuring sensor.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the first region of the ends temperatures below the operating temperature of the measuring sensor and the second temperature range begins at the higher operating temperature of the measuring sensor.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first temperature region, in addition to the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst (12)also determine the internal resistance of the heating device (50) and by comparing the internal resistance of the measuring element Nernst (12) with an internal resistance of the heating device (50) perform the calibration of the temperature characteristics of the internal resistance of the heating device (50) in terms of its absolute value.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the first temperature range is directly below the operating temperature of the measuring sensor.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the calibration of the absolute value of the temperature characteristics, once made in the new state of the sensor, keep in memory and used during the entire service life of the measuring sensor.