Method of shooting with artillery shells from closed firing positions

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves determining map range to a target, the direction angle of the target and the position angle of the target, calculating adjustments to range and direction based on firing weather conditions and the predicted initial velocity of a shell V₀, calculating firing settings using firing tables, orienting weapons, realising settings and firing. If there are no apparatus for measuring weather conditions, no data for predicting the initial velocity of a shell V₀ and apparatus for accurate orientation of weapons, two auxiliary firings are carried out in a direction. The deviation values of explosions from aiming marks are determined and then used to calculate values of range and side wind velocity W_x, W_z, the deviation of the initial velocity of a shell from the table value ΔV₀ and the orientation error Δα. Firing settings for all subsequent firings are calculated based on the obtained values W_x, W_z, ΔV₀,Δα using firing tables.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of firing when there are not apparatus for measuring weather conditions, no data for predicting initial velocity of a shell and apparatus for accurate orientation of weapons.

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The invention relates to the field of armaments, in particular for firing artillery shells from the covered firing positions.

The analogue of the present invention is a method of accounting metabolities of the firing conditions, presented in the way of firing unguided rockets with a closed firing positions [1] [Patent RU No. 2236665 from 20.08.2002, IPC 7 F41G 3/16 - Way firing unguided rockets with a closed firing positions]. This method involves measuring the radial velocity of the projectile at the initial portion of the trajectory, which allows to assess the impact on the flight of the projectile real air density and the longitudinal speed of the wind, and then use this estimate to predict the trajectory and adjustment of fire. The main disadvantage of this method is the inability to adjust errors in the lateral direction. In addition, the accuracy of the adjustment range decreases rapidly with increasing firing range.

As a prototype of the selected method of firing unguided rockets with a closed firing positions on the basis of full preparation [2] ["Rules firing and fire control artillery battalion, battery, platoon, weapons (PS and PP-83)" Part 1. Moscow, Military publishing house, 1984].

Method [2] firing artillery shells from the covered firing positions include:

- define topograficheski the th target range, and the azimuth angle direction at the target and exceeding targets on a firing position;

- measurements of meteorological conditions, fire weather forecasting projectile muzzle velocity V₀;

- calculation of amendments to the distance and direction of the meteorological conditions of firing and predicted V₀;

- calculation units firing on the basis of topographic data with amendments to the conditions of the shooting by shooting tables;

orienteering guns;

implementation units;

- production shot.

Full training is the primary method of determining settings for firing artillery shells. However, in some cases its use is not possible due to incomplete volume and insufficient accuracy of the above initial data about the conditions of firing.

Then, according to [2], installations for firing are determined by the ways condensed or eye training. However, an increase in errors compared to the full training reaches 3-4 times, which increases the consumption of ammunition and runtime firing task. The main contribution to the increase of firing errors make:

- neglect of wind in the layer of the atmosphere, where the flight of the projectile,

- forecast error V₀due to the lack of objective data about the wear of the tools and the properties of the party propelling charges

- large orientation errors guns in the absence or poor alignment means of orientation.

In this regard, it is urgent to develop methods of reducing firing errors caused by lack of data about the speed and direction of winds in atmospheric layer, where the flight of the projectile, the ignorance of the variance V₀from the tabular values and errors of the orientation of the guns.

The task of the invention is to reduce errors firing from the closed gun positions in the absence of data about the speed and direction of winds in atmospheric layer, where the flight of the projectile, and the ignorance of the variance V₀from the tabular values and errors of the orientation of the guns.

This object is achieved in that in the method of firing artillery shells from the covered firing positions, including the determination of the topographic target range, azimuth angle direction at the target and elevation of purpose, the calculation of the amendments in the distance and in the direction of the meteorological conditions of firing and predicted V₀the calculation of the firing settings with tables shooting, orienteering tools, implementation, installations, production shots, what's new is that in the absence of a means of measuring meteorological conditions, the absence of data to predict the initial velocity of the projectile ₀and means the exact orientation of the guns produce two auxiliary shot different direction, determine deviations breaks from aiming points, the obtained deviations calculated value of the velocity of longitudinal and lateral wind W_X, W_Z, reject the initial velocity of the projectile from the tabular values ΔV₀and the orientation error Δα, on the basis of the obtained values of W_X, W_Z, ΔV₀, Δα with tables shooting counting installation of fire for all subsequent shots.

The values of W_X, W_Z, ΔV₀, Δα is calculated by the formula:

,

where- vector defined parameters

,

where β is the angle between the directions of shooting 1^thand 2^thshots

,,- sensitivity range X₁, X₂and the lateral direction Z₁, Z₂to action relevant factors (partial derivatives) of the shooting Tables [3],

X - range.

the vector of deviations from the aiming points 1^thand 2^thshots in the distance and the direction,

.

the Technical result of the invention is achieved by the definition of the projections of the velocity of longitudinal W_Xand side W_Zwind deflection V₀from a table of values and refinement of the orientation is performed on the basis of indirect data, monitoring deviations of shells from the aiming point. With this aim are two shots that vary in direction by the angle β (Fig 1), and determines variances breaks from aiming points.

The method is illustrated graphic material (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4).

Figure 1 shows the directions of the first and second shots and the angle between R and the axis of the coordinate system, where

On - stand point guns;

OX₁, OZ₁, OX₂, OZ₂- axis of the coordinate system OX₁Z₁, OX₂Z₂respectively;

A₁the first target point;

And₂- the second point;

- vector wind speed;

W_Xthe longitudinal speed of the wind.

W_Z- speed crosswind;

B₁- first point of rupture;

In₂the second break point.

In figure 2, 3, 4 show, respectively, the standard deviation of the errors of determining the longitudinal and lateral wind, drift, initial velocity and orientation errors of the projectile, depending on the angle β. There is shown the error of determination of these factors are known for the m method [2].

Projections on the coordinate axes deviations gaps of the first and second shots from the aiming points (figure 1) can be represented in the form of equations:

,

,

,

,

where ΔV₀- the deviation of the initial velocity of the projectile from the tabular values

Δα is the error in the angle of the horizontal aiming of the gun caused by the error in the orientation of the guns,

X₁, X₂- range of the first and second shots.

Equation (1) is represented in matrix form:

,

The values of W_X, W_Z, ΔV₀and Δα, based on equation (2)can be computed by the formula:

where a^-1matrix inverse of A.

The obtained values allow you to define settings for firing subsequent rounds.

Resulting from the application of the proposed method data about shooting conditions allow shooting with accuracy not worse than at full preparation, for an arbitrary location of the targets in respect of instruments (not only near the points of discontinuities 2 sighting shots), any type of ammunition, including guided munitions, designed to hit with 1 shot.

P is vedem assessment of the accuracy of the proposed method.

Differentiating (3), we obtain the dependence for the calculation of the vector of errors in the determination of W_X, W_Z, ΔV₀and Δα.

wherethe vector of errors in the determination of deviations.

Error δ₁, δZ₁, δ₂, δZ₂are independent random variables.

Let us denote:

where r_ijthat δX_j- the elements of the matrix And^-1vectorrespectively.

The error in the determination of the i-th factor (i=1...4), as follows from (4), are based on

The error variance of the definition of the i-th factor:

Of independence of errors δX_jshould the equality to zero of corrections moments M(δX_jδX_k) when j≠k. Then (7) takes the form:

where σ_δX- standard deviation of errors of determination of deviations.

The error in the determination of W_X, W_Z, ΔV₀and Δα of the proposed method depends on the angle β. For example, when β=0 the determinant of matrix a is equal to zero, because this match the first and third, second and fourth rows of A. That is,

.

Graphics zavisimost is her errors σ _Fi(β) are presented in figure 2-4, where as an example the case of the shooting of the 122 mm howitzer D-30 to a range of X₁=X₂=15 km.

The shooting Tables [3].,,. For σ_δXtake typical when using radar artillery reconnaissance size 25 PM

For comparison on the same graphs show the errors, the same factors known method [2]. Subject to the conditions prescribed in [2] for the method for the complete preparation of ([2], p.54, 55), according to [4], the error in the determination of wind will reach 2.6 m/s (p.51), the error in the determination of the muzzle velocity deviation - 0.74% (str), the error in the determination of errors of orientation - 0.0031 rad (p.38).

As can be seen in the presented figure 2, 3 and 4, the proposed method when the value of the angle P in excess of 30°-40°, can be used to evaluate metabolities data with accuracy not worse than when using the known method of preparation [2]. When β=60° accuracy assessment metabolities data the proposed method increases ≈ 2 times in comparison with the known method of preparation [2].

1. Patent RU No. 2236665 from 20.08.2002, IPC 7 F41G 3/16 - Way firing unguided rockets with a closed firing positions.

2. "Rules of fire and fire control, artillery the division, battery, platoon, gun) (PS and PP-83)". Part 1. Moscow, Military publishing house, 1984

3. "Shooting table 122-mm howitzer D-30". Moscow, Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of defense, 1978

4. "The study of the rules of fire and fire control artillery battalion, battery, platoon, gun)" Part 1. Moscow, Military publishing house, 1985

1. The method of firing artillery shells from the covered firing positions, including the determination of the topographic target range, azimuth angle direction at the target and elevation of purpose, the calculation of the amendments in the distance and in the direction of the meteorological conditions of firing and predictable projectile muzzle velocity V_othe calculation of the firing settings with tables shooting, orienteering tools, implementation, installations, production shots, characterized in that, in the absence of means of measurements of meteorological conditions, the absence of data for prediction of projectile muzzle velocity Vo and means the exact orientation of the guns produce two auxiliary shot different direction, determine deviations breaks from aiming points, the obtained deviations calculated value of the velocity of longitudinal and lateral wind W_X, W_Z, reject the initial velocity of the projectile from the tabular values ΔV₀and the orientation error Δα on the basis of the obtained values of W _X, W_Z, ΔV₀, Δα with tables shooting counting installation of fire for all subsequent shots.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the values of W_X, W_Z, ΔV₀, Δα is calculated by the formula:

where- vector defined parameters

,
where β is the angle between the direction of fire of the 1st and 2nd rounds;
,,- sensitivity range X₁, X₂and the lateral direction Z₁, Z₂the effect of relevant factors from the tables of fire;
X - range;
the vector of deviations from the aiming points of the 1st and 2nd shots in range and direction