Method for erection of foundation, foundation and pile

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions is related to construction and may be used to erect foundations of industrial and civil buildings with high vertical and horizontal loads under complex engineering and geological conditions, including undermined territories. In process of pile foundation erection piles are installed serially. At least one of piles is driven towards and at the angle to the previously arranged pile with provision of mutual support. Piles may be curvilinear. In this case they are submerged in soil with convexity to the side of base soil with the possibility to form arches in soil, which are inserted one into another. Piles may be provided with widening, then they are driven till mutual support in the area of widening. Widening may be arranged with holes or in the form of forks with teeth, also equipped with links with the possibility of their partial rumpling or damaging. Widening teeth may be joined by rope, besides rope is fixed on outer teeth and is pulled through holes with rollers in central teeth.

EFFECT: improved bearing capacity of foundation, reduced labour intensiveness of its erection.

2 dwg, 15 cl

The group of inventions relates to the construction and can be used in the construction of the Foundation of civil and industrial buildings with large vertical and horizontal loads in complex engineering-geological conditions, including undermined territories.

Known pile Foundation [SU 912837, E02D 27/12, publ. 15.03.82, bull. No. 10], including the grillage and the Bush inclined, United in the lower part of the common broadening of the piles.

A known method of construction described above pile Foundation, which includes the drilling of deviated boreholes and broadening for tool joints on a grid of columns and diagonals. In drilled wells set the frames and fill with concrete, resulting in a core structural design, consisting of piles at the ends of which made the total broadening. The upper ends of the piles adjacent bushes connected reinforced concrete pile caps.

The disadvantage of this method and device are increased complexity of construction of the Foundation and insufficient bearing capacity of the Foundation in connection with the location of the broadening at the bottom of the pile.

Known pile Foundation [SU 1596023 A1, E02D 27/12, 30.09.90. Bull. No. 36], including the United grillage vertical and inclined piles, and vertical piles placed in the extreme by the action of the horizon is Inoi load range, and in the rest of the series posted by inclined piles.

The disadvantage of this solution is insufficient load-bearing capacity since it is used in a single pile, not interacting with each other.

Known for the Foundation of the tank [EN 2276710 C1, E02D 27/38, publ. 20.05.2006], consisting of a slab Foundation is combining vertical and inclined piles, vertical piles placed in a large circle at the edge of the pile cap and small circle in the center of the pile cap and the inclined piles are located in pairs in a vertical plane one above the other, and each pair of inclined piles, passing from the edge or center of the pile cap is connected at the bottom with vertical pile of small or large circle, respectively.

A known method of construction above the Foundation of the tank, whereby the pre-drilling of wells for vertical piles and set them in reinforcing cages. Then drilling of wells under sloping piles and install reinforcing cages so that the longitudinal rods went into the borehole vertical piles. Stack concrete mix in inclined and vertical wells. Arrange a reinforced concrete slab Foundation.

The disadvantage of this method and device are insufficient bearing capacity of the Foundation, increased the complexity and extension of construction time, since you need to do Boo is giving wells, installation of rebar cages, laying concrete mix in well and keeping to a set of concrete strength required. The need to use special equipment for drilling and concrete placement additionally complicates the execution of works.

Known knock-pile [EN 2023110 C1, E02D 5/48, E02D 5/54, publ. 15.11.1994], which includes the barrel with the broadening spaced tiers in height at a distance from each other.

The disadvantage of this pile is reduced carrying capacity due to the small area of pressure on the ground.

The closest technical solution to the claimed method is a method of construction of pile Foundation [SU 1004532, E02D 5/44, E02D 27/12, publ. 15.03.83], including initial clogging in the soil of the Central piles with widening at the bottom. Then sequentially or simultaneously score the opposing each other in terms of lateral piles consisting of pivotally interconnected upper and lower parts with a weakened section so that the lower end side of the piles was based on the broadening of the Central piles and further clogging occurred slice weakened section with the provision of the waste portion of the side of the pile from the Central.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of manufacturing the lateral piles with swivel and insufficient load-carrying capability is due to the close fit of the Central and lateral pile, reducing the working area of the side surface.

The closest technical solution to the claimed Foundation is pile Foundation [SU 1004532, E02D 5/44, E02D 27/12, publ. 15.03.83], including Central pile with a broadening in the lower part and the adjacent composite lateral piles consisting of pivotally interconnected upper and lower parts, and in the lower part of the side piles made a weakened section, located obliquely to the longitudinal axis.

The disadvantage of this Foundation is insufficient load-carrying capacity due to the small area of pressure on the ground, the lower portion of the side of the pile.

The closest technical solution to declare the pile is driven pile [EN 2237133, C1 E02D 5/48, publ. 27.09.04], containing the barrel, the length of which is distributed broadening performed with widening toward the top of the trunk conical or pyramidal surfaces, and the angle of bevel of the bottom surface of broadening must be not less than the value of angle of internal friction of the soil.

The disadvantage of this piles is insufficient load-carrying capacity due to the small area of pressure on the ground.

The technical objective of the invention is to increase the bearing capacity of foundations by increasing the area of the bearing piles on the ground and reducing the complexity of its construction.

Entity C which show the method of construction of the base is which is similar to the prototype method involves successive piling, ensuring focus on one of the piles, with at least one of the piles equipped with broadening. Unlike the prototype of the driving, at least part of the piles perform towards and at an angle to each other to mutual emphasis in areas of the Bay.

In the particular case of implementing the inventive method, several piles hammer, ensuring focus on one of the previously scored piles.

In the particular case of implementing the inventive method mentioned broadening can be made in the form of a fork. At least one of the mentioned broadening can be performed with holes.

Piles can be made curved, with piles plunge into the ground mainly with the bulge in the side of the Foundation soil with the possibility of education in the soil arches, nested one within the other. This increases the carrying capacity by increasing the number of load-bearing elements, as well as by increasing the area of pressure on the ground.

The essence of the invention in the construction of the Foundation is that similar to the prototype of the Foundation includes a driven pile with broadening and resting in it, driven piles, in this case, unlike the prototype, piles are located at an angle to each other with an emphasis in the areas of broadening.

The essence of the claimed invention to the device CBA who is which is similar to the prototype pile contains a barrel with a broadening, but unlike the prototype broadening piles are made in the form of a fork with two, at least the teeth. Broadening performed to ensure contact between the piles.

In the particular case of implementation of the invention, the broadening of the piles may be made in the form of a fork with three, at least, the teeth that are located in different planes.

Between the teeth of the fork can be performed in connection with the possibility of partial collapse or destruction. Communication is performed, for example, from steel, bent up plates of small cross section, and when the focus of the piles in the pile, they collapse and piles come in contact. Communication may also be indestructible. In this case, they are made of steel plates a larger cross-section. Communication is needed to ensure that the fork teeth maintained its original position on the ground and not subjected to bending loads.

The broadening can be made with three, at least, teeth, loosely United by a rope, which is attached to the external teeth, and passed through made on the secondary teeth holes. This allows the bearing simultaneously on two teeth or two previously shipped piles in compliance with the conditions of equality of the forces transmitted to the supporting elements. To reduce friction in the holes can be mounted rollers.

Thanks scoop is Prosti of these features increases the bearing capacity of the Foundation due to more fully utilize the strength of the soil Foundation at reducing the complexity of its construction. It is known [SNiP 2.02.03-85]that the bearing capacity of piles equal to

where R is the ultimate resistance of the soil below the bottom end of the pile (according to data sensing) in the considered point;

A - area of pressure on the ground;

f_i- mean value of the limiting resistance of the soil on the side of the pile (according to data sensing) in the considered point;

h_i- depth of the pile from the surface of the soil around the pile;

u is the perimeter of the cross section of the pile shaft.

In the case of bearing piles on the ground is as well As the cross-sectional area of the pile. In the case of bearing piles to the pile value And is equal to the width of the pile multiplied by its length.

When this pile which supports the other pile, significantly increases its resistance to friction f_ion the lateral surface (see equation (1)) by increasing the frictional forces caused by the lateral pressure of the subsequent piles. Thus, the increased carrying capacity of each of the mutually driven piles. And by excluding the operation of drilling and concreting decrease the complexity and time.

Broadening also increase the bearing capacity of piles by increasing the perimeter of the cross-section piles, increase the area of bearing piles on the ground, and also by increasing the lateral surface of the pile.

The broadening can be is made in the form of wings, consoles, hooks, etc. on the heel or the pile shaft. The broadening can be with holes, expanding the actual area of pressure broadening on the ground.

The essence of the claimed group of inventions is illustrated graphics. 1 shows a General view of pile Foundation; figure 2 - cross section a-a pile Foundation.

The Foundation (figure 1) contains a driven pile 1, which includes the barrel 2 with the broadening in the form of a fork with two teeth 3 and 4 and located at an angle to her pile 5 by widening in the form of a fork with three teeth 6, 7, 8. Piles 1 and 5 against each other in place of broadening. Piles combined grillage 9.

The Central tooth 6 ening 5 piles (figure 2) can be made longer to perform the role of pile shaft to increase the bearing capacity of the piles.

The teeth 3 and 4 piles 1 are the rest of the teeth 6, 7, 8 5 piles (figure 2). Thus the lateral teeth 7, 8 piles 5 may be connected with the Central tooth 6 rigid links. Pile 5 simultaneously rests on two teeth 3, 4 piles 1 through the medium of the rope 11, passing through the hole 12 in the Central tooth 6 and the fixed ends on the lateral teeth 7, 8, Emphasis through the rope allows the bearing simultaneously on two teeth 3, 4 piles 1 to align efforts in each of them. The hole 12 may be provided with a roller to reduce friction.

The method of construction of the Foundation Zack is udaetsya in the following. Inclined hammer pile 1, and then at an angle thereto score pile 5 so that the teeth 3, 4 piles 1 are gaps between the teeth 6, 7 and 6, 8 to provide a stop for the broadening of the piles directly or through the rope 11. Next is elevated grillage 9. In the particular case of implementation when submerged piles 5 initially in contact with the pile 1 enter 10, which further immersion collapse from the impact of the efforts of the subsequent driving of piles 5 at the moment of contact with the previous pile 1. 10 need to ensure that the teeth 7 and 8 maintained its original position on the ground and not subjected to bending loads.

Pile 5 rests on the pile 1, and therefore its load-carrying capacity is significantly increased due to the increase of the square of pressure on the ground And in the formula (1).

Pile 1 receives a significant lateral load pile 5, and therefore its carrying capacity increases significantly due to the increase in the maximum ground resistance f_i(formula (1)) on the side surface of the load transferred to the pile 5.

The Foundation works in the following way.

Grillage 9 transmits the load on the heads of the piles 1 and 5. Piles 1 and 5 against each other through the medium of the teeth and, as noted above, increase the carrying capacity of each other due to the increase in the square bearing (formula 1).

Pile works as follows.

On piles 1 and 5 per the given load through the grillage 9. Pile 5 based on pile 1, and thereby acquires substantially increased bearing capacity due to the increased area of the bearing (formula 1). Pile 1 in turn rests on the pile 5, and for the same reason, it becomes significantly increased bearing capacity. Thus, the piles in the proposed decision in their interaction reinforce each other.

10 teeth anchor piles may be indestructible, then pile 5 transmits the load on the pile 1 directly through these links, and they should be strong enough.

The group of inventions provides an opportunity to create a Foundation with high bearing capacity using conventional construction funds. Due to the same exclusions operations of drilling, reinforcement and concrete mixes, as well as keeping up a set of concrete strength required significantly reduces the complexity and timing of the construction of the foundations.

1. The method of construction of pile foundations, including the sequential placement of piles, and at least one pile hammer toward and at an angle to the previously placed the pile, ensuring mutual focus.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the piles of pre-supply broadening and pile hammer to mutual lock in place ening.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the broadening, hence, is her least one pile is performed in the form of a fork with at least two teeth.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that between the teeth of the fork perform connection with the possibility of partial collapse or destruction.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the broadening of the piles in the form of a fork with three, at least, the teeth that are located in different planes.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the broadening of the piles in the form of a fork with three, at least, teeth, loosely United by a rope, which is attached to the external teeth, and passed through made on the secondary teeth holes.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the piles supply broadening with at least one aperture.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two pile hammer, ensuring focus on one of the previously placed piles.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the piles do curved and plunge into the ground with a bump, mainly in the direction of the Foundation soil with the possibility of education in the soil arches, nested one within the other.

10. Foundations, including pile with a widening set at an angle to each other with an emphasis in place of broadening, characterized in that the broadening of the at least one pile is made in the form of a fork with at least two teeth.

11. The Foundation of claim 10, characterized in that between the said teeth are made connection with the possibility of partial collapse or destruction.

12. Pile, including the trunk with broadening, characterized in that the broadening is made in the form of a fork with two, at least the teeth.

13. Pile on item 12, characterized in that the broadening is made in the form of a fork with three, at least, the teeth that are located in different planes.

14. Pile according to item 12 or 13, characterized in that between the said teeth fork made connection with the possibility of partial collapse or destruction.

15. Pile on item 13, characterized in that the broadening is made with three, at least, teeth, loosely United by a rope, which is attached to the external teeth, and passed through made on the secondary teeth holes.