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Battery safety device for and battery equipped with this device

IPC classes for russian patent Battery safety device for and battery equipped with this device (RU 2325006):

H01M2/34 - with provision for preventing undesired use or discharge

H01M10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells

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FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: battery is equipped with safety device comprising first metal plate, second metal plate and pressure sensitive conducting film, placed by both metal plates and designed for electric conduction efficiency as specified or higher pressure is applied. First and second metal plates are electrically connected to positive and negative electrodes respectively. Safety device connected to battery prevents cell failure or at least its inflammation or explosion even if battery is affected by external action caused by mechanical pressure, nails, nippers or by external pressure by means of current transfer from battery to safety device and battery discharge before the moment battery is failure under the influence of external action or external pressure.

EFFECT: reduction of battery charged state before failure.

9 cl, 7 dwg, 3 ex8

The technical field to which the invention relates

The present invention relates to a safety device for a battery designed for the formation of an electric circuit and converting the charged state of the battery in a discharged state when compressed under the action of a specified or higher pressure. Also the present invention relates to a battery containing the specified device.

The level of technology

Since modern electronic devices are rapidly becoming wireless and portable, was developed nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery having high capacity and high energy density as a power source for these devices. However, the non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery is exposed to risk when making a large external pressure or external impact under the action of a nail or wire cutters so that the inner part of the cell is damaged, the cell may catch fire or explode.

In particular, as an active material of positive electrode sensitive to voltage, the reactivity between the positive electrode and the electrolyte increases as the battery is charged and the voltage increases. In this case, the surface of the positive electrode decomposes and is Oka is extreme reaction in the electrolyte. This increases the danger of fire or explosion.

The security issue becomes more important as the battery, in particular non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery (for example, a lithium secondary battery, has more capacity and higher energy density.

The invention

The present invention aims to resolve one or more issues related to limitations and disadvantages of the previous art.

The technical task of the present invention is to provide a method for lowering the charged state of the cell before the cell will collapse under external influence, caused by pressure, nail or wire cutters, by placing the security device inside or outside the cell so that the battery is not subjected to external impact.

The task is solved according to the invention by creating a battery having a safety device, intended for forming the electric circuit when compressed under the action of a given or more high-pressure and conversion of the charged state of the battery in a discharged state.

According to the invention the problem is solved by creating a safety device for a battery, which is intended for forming the electric circuit when the compression device under dei is the journey of a specified or higher pressure and conversion of the charged state of the battery in a discharged state.

According to the invention, a method of regulating the safety of the battery by converting the charged state of the battery in a discharged state before the battery is damaged under the action of pressure, by means of an electric circuit formed in the device under the action of pressure.

Preferably, the security device includes a first metal plate, the second metal plate and PSCF (pressure-sensitive conductive film)is placed between the metal plates designed for the manifestation of the electrical conductivity under the application of a specified or higher pressure. The first and the second metal plate is electrically connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, respectively.

Additional advantages, objects and features of the invention will be formulated in the following description, and become apparent to experts in the art based on the analysis of the invention.

Brief description of drawings

For further understanding of the invention below is a description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 depicts the principle of operation of safety devices ACF according to the present invention;

figure 2 - bath is it a batch type, having a security device ACF electrically connected with the battery, according to the present invention;

figure 3 - metal battery type tube having a security device ACF electrically connected with the battery, according to the present invention;

4 is a diagram of the experimental data for localized crushing of the battery obtained in example 1 according to the invention;

5 is a diagram of the experimental data for localized crushing of the battery obtained in example 2 according to the invention;

6 is a diagram of the experimental data for localized crushing of the battery obtained in example 3 according to the invention;

Fig.7 is a diagram of the experimental data for localized crushing of the battery obtained in comparative example 1 according to the invention.

Description of the preferred options of the incarnation

The present invention is characterized by the fact that to reduce the charged state of the cell when it detects the application of an external impact caused by pressure, nail, or pliers, or by external pressure on the battery, the specified battery provided with a safety device, designed for the display of electric conductivity in the case of an external impact or external compression.

As a non-limiting example of a device safely the tee with the advent of the electric conductivity in the case of an external impact or external compression according to the present invention proposed a security device, having PSCF placed between two metal plates (e.g., collectors), through which current can flow and which is designed to pass current when a predetermined or higher pressure in the direction of pressure (figure 1).

As a non-limiting example PSCF the invention uses the ACF (anisotropic conductive film).

ACF relates to an adhesive film containing an insulating binder, having a thickness of 15-35 μm and an electrically conductive balls, in the form of small electrically conductive particles having a diameter of 3-15 μm, dispersed in it. The concept of the present invention is not limited by the film thickness of the binder and the diameter of the electrically conductive particles constituting the ACF. Electrically conductive particles include carbon fiber, metal (Nickel, solder) and metal (Ni/Au) plated plastic balls. The above is only an illustration of a variant of implementation of the present invention and is not a common condition for PSCF. For specialists in this area it is obvious that can be used any PSCF.

The adhesive contains a thermoplastic substance (rubber copolymer of butadiene and styrene, polyvinyl butylene), thermoturbidimetry substance (epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic resin) and the mixture thermopla is divided substances and thermoautotrophica substances.

Metal plate used in the present invention, may be made of any metal having electrical conductivity, such as aluminum in the form of metal, copper in the form of metal and Nickel in the form of metal.

Metal plate preferably has excellent heat conductivity, so that in the normal state or the special conditions, the heat can be dissipated from the battery in a thermally conductive metal plate through the contact.

The battery having a safety device, designed to carry out the electrical conductivity at a given application or a higher pressure in the case of an external impact or external compression according to the present invention, is described below.

The security device according to the present invention contains a first metal plate, the second metal plate and PSCF placed between the metal plates designed to carry out the electrical conductivity under the application of a specified or higher pressure. The security device (figure 1) contains the reservoir acting as a metal plate, and ACF acting as PSCF (pressure-sensitive conductive film).

ACF acts as a non-conductive substance, through which no current flows during normal status is I, and conducts current in the direction of the applied pressure, when applied setting or higher pressure.

The first metal plate (collector) of the two metal plates arranged on both surfaces ACF electrically connected with the positive electrode of the battery, and the second metal plate (collector) to the negative electrode of the battery.

In the battery, which is associated with the security device, according to the invention both metal plates are electrically isolated from each other using ACF as long as they are not applied external pressure, and the current between them is not flowing. The battery in this case operates in the normal state and is supported by a charged condition.

When the pressure caused by external impact is applied to the battery, with the associated security device, the two metal plates are electrically connected with each other. This is a consequence of the fact that ACF exhibits electrical conductivity when the pressure reaches a predetermined level. The battery is then discharged and the internal battery voltage is sharply reduced. In the discharged state, the battery does not light up, does not explode even when affected by external pressures, nail or wire cutters. Essentially according to the present invention can improve safety the battery by lowering the charged state of the cell before than there will be an explosion when make specified or higher pressure is applied to the metal plates due to external impact caused by pressure, a nail or wire cutters.

The security device is preferably placed perpendicular to the direction in which most put pressure on the battery in case of an external impact or external compression.

The security device may be located inside or outside the cell, but preferably is located outside.

When placed on the outside of the battery safety device can be used, being open or closed with a layer of a polymer having electrical insulating properties.

The security device according to the present invention with battery illustrated in figure 2.

Figure 2 shows the battery batch type, having United with it the security device.

Battery batch type represents the structure of the layered type and contains at least one positive electrode plate and at least one negative electrode plate, which are placed in layers one after another. Battery with a layered structure type has positive and negative terminals of the electrodes to associate positive and negative dps is Steen electrodes with the outer part of the battery respectively. Conclusions connected with a source of power on the outside of the battery housing.

A security device comprising first and second metal plates and placed between ACF, layer with the outermost positive electrode plate and/or the outermost negative electrode plate. The first metal plate is electrically connected with a part of the positive electrode plate, a positive output electrode or positive contact electrode and the second metal plate is electrically connected with a part of the negative electrode plate, negative electrode or negative contact electrode.

The security device can be laminated directly on the electrode plate, but preferably be laminated on the outer part of the battery housing and only electrically connect with the positive and negative electrodes.

Figure 3 shows the battery in the body tubular type, having United with it the security device.

Battery type tube contains an electrode unit having the positive and negative electrode plates and a separator placed in the container that includes the jar and the lid. The container acts as an electrode contact (positive contact electrode figure 3) and e is stredny contact, having the opposite polarity (negative electrode contact figure 3), the contact protrudes from the container being isolated.

The battery container type tube may act as a first metal plate proposed security devices. Therefore, the second metal plate safety devices are placed in parallel, at least one surface of the container with ACF, placed between them, and part of the second metal plate is electrically connected with the electrode contact with the opposite polarity.

The security device according to the invention can be used for any type of battery including a primary battery and a secondary battery as long as it's charged. As a non-limiting example, the security device can be used for a lithium secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode capable of intercalation/deintercalation (introduction) lithium ion battery, (b) a negative electrode capable of intercalation/deintercalation lithium ion, (c) a porous separator, and (d) the non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and an electrolytic connection.

Non-aqueous electrolyte includes a cyclic carbonate and/or a linear carbonate. The cyclic carbonate may be n the example, ethylene carbonate resulting (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). The linear carbonate is preferably selected from the group consisting of diethylmalonate (DEC), dimethylcarbonate (DMC), ethylmethylketone (EMC) and methylpropionate (MPC).

The lithium salt included in the nonaqueous electrolyte, preferably selected from the group consisting of LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiAsF₆and LiN (CF₃SO₃)₂.

As the active material of the negative electrode is preferably used carbon, lithium metal or alloy. In addition, can also be used a metal oxide capable of intercalation/deintercalation lithium ion battery and has the potential for lithium, less than 2 In, such as TiO₂or SnO₂.

The active material of the positive electrode is preferably literaturae oxide of the transition metal and preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂, LiNiO₂, Li2Mn₂O₄, LiMnO₂and LiNi_1-xCo_xO₂(0<x<1). Can also be used a positive electrode made of a metal oxide, such as MnO₂or its composition.

The porous separator may be a separator on the basis of polyolefin.

Proposed a lithium secondary battery can is t to be manufactured using a conventional method of placing a porous separator between the positive and negative electrodes and the introduction of non-aqueous electrolyte, includes a lithium salt, such as LiPF₆and Supplement.

EXAMPLES

Below the present invention is described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which are presented here only to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the invention.

Example 1

As shown in figure 2, the security device according to the invention contains a first metal plate (positive electrode collector), the second metal plate (negative electrode collector) and ACF placed between metal plates. The security device was attached to the cell packet type so that the first and second electrode plates are electrically connected with positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The positive and negative electrodes of the cell batch were made of LiCoO₂and carbon, respectively, and the electrolyte was a 1M solution of LiPF₆containing the base composition of EC:EMC(1:2).

The cell was charged up to 4.2V and carried out the experiment on localized crushing by compression of the security device in the vertical direction by a rod having a diameter of 1 cm with a speed of 3 mm/min

The results of the experiment showed that with increasing pressure applied to the ACF, the voltage is abruptly decreased to the ome 0 C. The cell remained stable, the explosion was not observed and the exothermic temperature was very low, i.e. about 70°C or below (figure 4).

Example 2

Manufacturing cells and localized crushing was performed in the same manner as in example 1, except that the cell was charged up to 4.3 V for experimental research in harsher conditions than in example 1.

The results of the experiment showed that with increasing pressure the voltage sharply decreased to about 0 C. the Cell remained stable, the explosion was not observed and the exothermic temperature was very low, i.e. about 70°C or below (figure 5).

Example 3

Manufacturing cells and localized crushing was performed in the same manner as in example 1, except that the cell was charged to 4.4 V for the experimental research under more severe condition than in example 2.

Comparative example 1

Manufacturing cells and localized crushing was performed in the same way, except that the security device according to izobreteny is not attached to the cell.

The results of the experiment showed that the cell exploded. Before the explosion of the voltage drop was not observed, but the voltage drop and thermal effect took place simultaneously with the explosion. Exothermic temperature was very high, i.e. about 600°C or above (Fig.7).

Industrial applicability

The security device according to the invention is connected to the battery and prevents damage to the cell or, at least, fire or explosion, even in the case of application of an external impact caused by pressure, nail, or pliers, or by external pressure, by conducting cell of the current cell on the safety device and discharge the battery to damage the cell.

Although there was a limited increase in energy density non-aqueous secondary battery (for example, lithium secondary batteries) because of the security problems of the battery, the security device may increase the operating voltage of the battery while ensuring its stability, therefore, implemented a battery having a high energy density.

The above embodiments of the invention are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The description of the present invention is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the formula izaberete the Oia.

1. The battery contains safety device is intended for forming an electric circuit when compressed under the action of a given or more high-pressure and conversion of the charged state of the battery in a discharged state, wherein the security device includes a first metal plate, the second metal plate and the pressure-sensitive conductive film is placed between two metal plates designed for the manifestation of electrical conductivity, in the case of a given application or a higher pressure, while the first and second metal plates are electrically connected with positive and negative electrodes, respectively.

2. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the film is an anisotropic conductive film.

3. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the security device is placed perpendicular to the direction in which the applied maximum pressure to the battery in case of an external impact.

4. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery is a lithium secondary battery.

5. Safety device for a battery, intended for forming the electric circuit when compressed under the action of a given or more high-pressure and convert a charged state BA is area in a discharged condition, characterized in that it contains the first metal plate, the second metal plate and the pressure-sensitive conductive film is placed between two metal plates and designed for the display of electric conductivity in the case of a given application or a higher pressure, while the first and second metal plates are electrically connected with positive and negative electrodes of the battery, respectively.

6. Safety device for a battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the film is an anisotropic conductive film.

7. Safety device for a battery according to claim 5, wherein the metal plates have conductivity.

8. The method of regulating the safety of the battery by converting the charged state of the battery in a discharged state before the battery is damaged under the action of pressure, by using an electric circuit formed on the device under pressure, characterized in that the forming device of the first metal plate, the second metal plate, and a pressure-sensitive conductive film, which is placed between the two metal plates and which is intended for the display of electric conductivity in the case of applications is of the specified or higher pressure, while the first and second metal plates are electrically connected with positive and negative electrodes of the battery, respectively.