Ball antenna

IPC classes for russian patent Ball antenna (RU 2308128):

H01Q1/28 - Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Folding antenna / 2304328

The antenna has three identical n-links pantographs 1,2,3 installed vertically so that they form a straight cylinder with a cross-section in the form of an equilateral triangle, adjoining to each other the ends of the elements 4₁,4₂ forming the links of the pantographs are connected to each other pivotally, some ends of the pantographs are fastened with the foundation in the shape of a beaker provided with a cover in which pantographs are located in packed state, elements 4₁, 4₂ of the links of the pantographs are connected pivotally in the centers, in the places of hinged connection of the elements there are rings 6, the antenna is provided with a holder limiting the maximal size of the antenna in an unfolding state and with a holder preventing the antenna from piling up after its unfolding.

Helicopter radar antenna-feeder assembly / 2291525

Proposed radar antenna-feeder assembly designed for trouble-free operation under variable- and vibratory-load conditions due to enhanced strength incorporated in its mechanical design and improved aerodynamic properties of elongated antenna array and feeder circuit has its receiving-radiating components forming flat elongated antenna array and high-frequency feeder circuit physically integrated with functional units; antenna array case accommodates its suspension unit for turning it by means of helicopter-mounted drive from horizontal transport position under helicopter fuselage to vertical working position and vice versa. Antenna array modules function as its stiffness ribs. Provision is made for easy disconnection of antenna array from helicopter under emergency conditions.

Spacecraft antenna-feeder assembly (alternatives) / 2276434

Proposed spacecraft antenna-feeder assembly has antennas disposed in diametric opposition to external diameter of spacecraft hull and integrated by feeder system incorporating radio-frequency feeders and power splitters connected to on-board radio system; each antenna has axially symmetric funnel-shaped directivity pattern whose opening angle is regulated by spacecraft flight path. Directions of axial minimum value of directivity pattern of antennas are combined with central direction of sector of communication angles with equipped ground measuring station during oriented flight of spacecraft; installed in immediate proximity of antennas and inserted in feeder system are radio-signal amplifiers. Antenna-feeder assembly for high-power and large-size spacecraft incorporates provision to adapt its power characteristics to spacecraft altitude changes in space, including equally probable spacecraft position in space.

Scanning antenna of helicopter on-board radar (alternatives) / 2263377

Radiator, excitation line, and loop coupler are produced and mounted in position; antenna is made in the form of linear array in L wave band disposed in helicopter lifting rotor blade which is used as directivity pattern scanning mechanism due to its rotation.

Transceiving antenna / 2249280

Proposed superbroad-band antenna characterized in passband extended to six octaves with fixed low-pass transmission windows is disposed in plane perpendicular to screen and has radiators made in the form of three monopoles that form funnel-shaped directivity pattern in elevation plane and omnidirectional pattern in azimuth plane. Electric length of radiators and distances between axes of central radiator and side ones are stipulated. In addition radiators and matching device or matching device only are disposed in space filled with insulating material having dielectric constant not over 2.0. This space may be shaped as elliptical cylinder or elliptical truncated cone. Other dimensions of antenna are specified. Cone may be interpolated by polyhedron with minimum four apexes whose pointed edges are rounder off at radius of minimum 0.01λ_m.

Helicopter with radar antenna / 2245820

Radar antenna is located under fuselage and is provided with mechanisms for rotating it relative to vertical axis and turning it relative to horizontal axis. Rotation mechanism has body consisting of two parts; one part is secured in fuselage and other part is rotatable relative to first one. Radar antenna is secured on frame through strip on which charge for emergency jettisoning is mounted; said frame is connected with movable part of body by means of supports; one end of each support is connected with movable part of body and other end is connected with frame by means of axle. Rotation mechanism of radar antenna is mounted on movable part of body and is made in form of rod performing reciprocating motion by means of drive; its one end is connected with frame by means of axle and bracket. Mounted on fixed part of body is drive of mechanism turning the radar antenna relative to vertical and horizontal axes.

Helicopter with radar antenna / 2245820

Transceiving antenna / 2249280

Scanning antenna of helicopter on-board radar (alternatives) / 2263377

Spacecraft antenna-feeder assembly (alternatives) / 2276434

Helicopter radar antenna-feeder assembly / 2291525

Folding antenna / 2304328

Ball antenna / 2308128

Proposed antenna that can be used for receiving television programs, for mobile and USW radio communications in zones of uncertain horizontal- and vertical-polarization wave reception is applied to surface of ball filled with light gas and is made in the form of circular loops whose geometric dimensions comply with main and additional frequency bands. Connected to loops through half-wave intervals are short-circuited stubs integrating adjacent loops. The latter can be applied along parallel or meridian lines of ball depending on wave polarization.

Mechanical design of elongated radar antenna array for flying vehicle / 2308129

Proposed elongated radar antenna array for flying vehicle, for instance helicopter, is essentially set of printed-circuit antenna modules installed in array enclosure to form flat effective surface of antenna array by effective sides of module dipoles; antenna array is provided with enclosure-mounted suspension unit for its setting up from horizontal shipment position to vertical operating one and for rotating it in operating position by means of drives disposed in flying vehicle; antenna array has pressurized enclosure combined with antenna module dome whose function is performed by front electromagnetically transparent wall of antenna array enclosure. Antenna modules are installed on internal load-bearing partition of antenna array enclosure and disposed between this partition and mentioned front wall functioning as dome under conditions of forced air supply to antenna modules to abstract internal heat affording utmost use of external air flow during vehicle flight; its cooling facilities are disposed within enclosure, on its rear part, between its rear wall and mentioned load-bearing partition; cooling air is admitted through inlet holes of hollow longitudinal framework member built integral with load-bearing partition and positioned in parallel with antenna-module along antenna array curtain; distribution line; it is provided with inlet cooling air distribution holes on their disposition end to supply cooling air to antenna modules and to area of module clearances accommodating antenna module heat sinks forming cooling ducts for air passage through circulation ports of internal load-bearing partition to rear part of array enclosure; the latter is composite structure built of several (say, three) longitudinal parts joined together; capacity of cooling facilities is sufficient to ensure total flow not over 1.32 (l/s) x W^-1 per unit heat power released by antenna modules.

Balloon antenna / 2318274

Proposed balloon antenna has metal container and metal rod secured coaxially to the latter at metal-rod base. External end of rod mounts two loop radiators orthogonal relative to one another, their outputs being integrated and connected by means of metal ring to central conductor of coaxial output of radio station disposed in metal container; connected to this central conductor is antenna counterpoise in the form of radially diverging conductors and additional conductor sections connected to their external ends. Optimal proportion of antenna structural component dimensions are determined.

Balloon container antenna / 2321109

Proposed balloon container antenna has metal container in the form of two identical coaxially installed metal blocks with conductor leads connected to their peripheral ends. Rectangular metal plates are installed on opposite edges of blocks on each of butt-ends abutting against each other. Planes of all plates are relatively parallel and perpendicular to butt-end plane. Output coaxial feeder running from radio station is connected through shielding screen to vertex of one of triangular plates and through central conductor, to vertex of other plate. Optimal proportions of dimensions of components affording desired effect are evaluated.

FIELD: antenna engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed antenna that can be used for receiving television programs, for mobile and USW radio communications in zones of uncertain horizontal- and vertical-polarization wave reception is applied to surface of ball filled with light gas and is made in the form of circular loops whose geometric dimensions comply with main and additional frequency bands. Connected to loops through half-wave intervals are short-circuited stubs integrating adjacent loops. The latter can be applied along parallel or meridian lines of ball depending on wave polarization.

EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities in uncertain reception zones.

1 cl, 1 dwg

The present invention relates to antenna technique and can be used for television reception, mobile and radio communications in areas of poor reception.

Often the terrain or tall buildings in the city block the direction of the line of sight to the reporter. Radio or television reception in such circumstances, trying to ensure by placing directional antennas on masts or the roofs of tall buildings. However, the use of poles for the deployment of antennas associated with a number of disadvantages, namely the complexity of the installation, the difficulty in configuring and deploying antennas, reduced mobility, etc.

One of the possible solutions is the use of shells, filled with light gas, for lifting the antenna structure above ground. Examples of such decisions are antenna design presented on www.gsl.net rf.at nn.ru.

The disadvantages of these structures should include the dependence of signal strength on the orientation of the antenna in space, which is defined by the directions of air flows. In addition, significant weight antenna will require the use of spherical shells of larger diameter, which causes certain difficulties.

To eliminate the dependence of the signal level from the position of the ball, and therefore the direction of the antenna in space, can what label omnidirectional in the horizontal plane of the antenna, ensuring the reception of waves of horizontal polarization. An example is a turnstile antenna, consisting of two orthogonal dipoles (Havel, NP and other Antennas, part II, L.: 1963, p.65-73).

The General disadvantages of the considered antennas are limited frequency and insufficiently uniform directivity in the horizontal plane, as well as significant weight suspended to the ball of the antenna. The problem can be solved, if the antenna is to use the surface of the ball, causing her method of film technology conductors in the form of a framework emitters of different diameters.

As a prototype, consider the spherical antenna (patent FR No. 1552126 CL H01Q 1/08 from 03.01.1969,) that represent the conductors of the antenna caused by the method of film technology on the surface of the ball, filled with light gas, and connected to the amplifying unit, located in the lower part of the ball, the output of which is connected to cross cable.

The disadvantage of this antenna is the limited frequency range and uneven directivity in the horizontal plane, resulting in the sinking of the signal by changing the position of the ball antenna under the action of the wind.

More uniform directional characteristic have the ring frame, the perimeter of which is less than the wavelength (Alamaden. And the Tenno-feeder device M: Communications, 177, pagination 126). However, the small frames have low efficiency. The increase in the size of the ring frame leads to increased efficiency, but it violates the uniformity directivity in the horizontal plane with the advent of the anti-phase currents along its perimeter. To eliminate out-of-phase currents by including in the wire frame of the reactive impedance or short-circuited loops.

Technical problem on which the invention is directed, is the creation of a lightweight antenna with a given polarization, resulting in areas of poor reception of the desired signal level for stable operation associated with the antenna of the radio.

The problem is solved using the proposed design ball antenna. The antenna is made in the form of a sphere, filled with light gas. The surface of the ball by the method of film technology applied tape conductors in the shape of a ring frame with geometric parameters corresponding to the primary and supplementary ranges, through the half-wave intervals included short-circuited quarter-wave plumes, uniting the adjacent frame. And for waves of horizontal polarization of the frame are arranged in parallel ball, and for waves ver icalneu polarization - in his meridians. The outputs of the framework crosswise connected to the amplifying unit, located in the lower part of the ball, the output of which is connected to the wire cable. Rope cable provides retention of the ball at a certain height above the earth's surface and at the same time the signal transmission to the receiver. The loops provide a uniform current distribution along the frames that form the uniform in the horizontal plane of the directional characteristic.

The proposed design of the spherical antenna is illustrated in the drawing, where:

1 balloon, filled with helium;

2 - tape conductors annular part of the primary and secondary frequencies;

3 is short-circuited loops;

4 - gain block;

5 - wire cable.

Ball antenna consists of a shell 1 in the form of a sphere, filled with a light gas such as helium or hydrogen. The surface of the ball by the method of film technology applied to the conductors of the ring part 2 primary and secondary ranges of conductive material, such as aluminum foil. And for waves of horizontal polarization of the frame are arranged in parallel ball, and for vertical polarization waves on his meridians. The radiators are made in the form of a ring, through the half-wave periods of interconnected short-circuited quarter-wave panel is 3. Frame connected crosswise to the two-wire power line, which is connected to an amplifying unit 4, the signal of which is fed to the receiving device using the cable-the cable 5. A short-circuited quarter-wave plumes, unifying framework, provide uniform current distribution along them, thus forming a circular directivity in the horizontal plane. Depending on the orientation of the part on the surface of the ball and schemes of their connection to the amplifying unit, the antenna can receive wave horizontal or vertical polarization of the field.

The proposed design of the antenna provides reception of waves of horizontal and vertical polarization coming from different horizontal directions both in General, and in additional frequency bands.

Ball antenna, representing conductors, applied by the method of film technology on the surface of the ball, filled with light gas, connected to the amplifying unit, located in the lower part of the ball, the output of which is connected to the cable-the cable, characterized in that the conductors are made in the form of an annular frame with geometric parameters corresponding to the primary and the secondary frequency ranges, in which through a half-wave intervals included short-circuited even artisanale plumes, uniting the adjacent frame, and for waves of horizontal polarization of the frame are arranged in parallel ball, and for waves with vertical polarization is at its Meridian.