The invention relates to the determination of structure and change its state to a heterogeneous, subarashii that is opaque to visible light objects using the past and scattered under small angles x-ray radiation.

The prior art is as follows.

A known method for recording radiation coherently scattered by the object (US 4751772, G 01 N 23/201, 1988), based on recording the spectrum of the coherent scattered radiation at angles lying in the range from 1 to 12° in relation to the direction of the incident beam. In the work indicates that a large part of progressing radiation is concentrated in these corners if the x-ray energy is not very large. At the heart of this invention lies in the fact that the energy spectra progressing radiation and radiation of the primary beam are identical, and progressence radiation has a characteristic angular dependence, as defined by the irradiated material, and the energy of the incident radiation. Since the intensity distribution of coherently scattered radiation at small angles depends on the molecular structure of matter, the different substances that have the same absorptive capacity (which cannot be distinguished under normal scanning), can be distinguished from each other by distinctive for everyone in the society angular distribution of the intensity of the coherently scattered radiation. In the mentioned patent to x-ray the object you intend to use a narrow collimated beam of monochromatic or polychromatic radiation. Measuring the intensity of the coherently scattered radiation is performed using a detection system with a resolution of both energy and coordinate (the scattering angle).

The described method has a relatively low luminosity, since the cross section of coherent scattering in the angular range is small and requires high doses of an object during its investigation.

The closest to the essential features is the way the small-angle imaging (patent of Russia № 2137114, G 01 N 23/201, G 01 T 1/16, 1997). The method for determining the composition and structure of the heterogeneous object includes irradiating the test object narrow maloratsky beam of penetrating radiation, the check has passed through the object radiation, identification included in the controlled object substances by small-angle coherent scattering has passed through the object radiation and the radiation absorbed in the object. The distribution of the radiation intensity is logged beam in the absence and presence of the object. The obtained intensity distribution normalized by the total intensity incident on the object and held radiation, respectively. what about the change of the normalized spatial distribution of intensities and compared with previously obtained under the same conditions, reference values identify included in the object substance.

It should be noted that described in the prototype method for subarashii objects is not possible to determine their internal structure and its subsequent changes. First of all it refers to is opaque to visible light colloidal systems and dispersed them in objects, such as oil media containing various additives.

The invention consists in the following.

The invention is directed to solving the tasks of obtaining images of the internal structure of the object and determining its change during the course of those or other processes.

The solution mediated new technical result of the registration of small-angle scattering of the penetrating radiation to a limited area of the Central peak of the diffraction. The technical result of the proposed method is achieved by carrying out the following procedures. The controlled object is irradiated with a narrow maloratsky beam of penetrating radiation, register passed through the object radiation using a position-sensitive detector. The distribution of the radiation intensity recorded on the diameter of the beam in the absence and presence of the object. The received information is processed according to the following dependence:

where I_2θ- the intensity of scattered x-ray radiation is to be placed;

I_0,2θ, I_PR,2θaccordingly the intensity of x-ray radiation incident on the object and passed through it in the area of the Central diffraction peak;

To_olabl.,aboutthe attenuation of the x-ray beam;

2θ - the scattering angle enclosed between the center beam of penetrating radiation and guides emanating from the center of the object and within the cross-section of the beam.

The attenuation coefficient (K_olabl.,about) in equation (1) is calculated as follows:

where I_0,2θ=0,I_PR,2θ=0accordingly the intensity of x-ray radiation incident on the object and passed through it to angle 2θ=0,00°.

The dependence (1) allows the consideration of dispersion curves relative angle 2θ=0,00°. In all cases, for each analyte, the intensity of the scattered x-ray radiation angle 2θ=0,00° equal to zero. This allows you to compare the dispersion curves with each other.

In common with the prototype of the essential features are the following: exposure of the test object narrow maloratsky beam of penetrating radiation, the check has passed through the object radiation using a position-sensitive detector and identification of patterns controlled about the project small-angle coherent scattering has passed through the object radiation and radiation absorbed in the object, the registration of the intensity distribution of the radiation beam in the absence and presence of the object.

The main distinguishing features of the claimed invention are:

- determination of the coefficient of attenuation of the penetrating radiation beam through the ratio of the intensities incident on the object and transmitted through the laser radiation by the equation

where I_0,2θ=0, I_PR,2θ=0accordingly the intensity of x-ray radiation incident on the object and passed through it to angle 2θ=0,00°.

- normalization of the distribution curve of the intensity of the incident radiation beam (scattering angle) on the attenuation coefficient and its subtraction from the distribution curve of the intensity transmitted through the object radiation by the equation

where I_2θ- the intensity of scattered x-ray radiation;

I_0,2θ, I_PR,2θaccordingly the intensity of x-ray radiation incident on the object and passed through it in the area of the Central diffraction peak;

To_olabl.,aboutthe attenuation of the x-ray beam;

2θ - the scattering angle enclosed between the center beam of penetrating radiation and guides emanating from the center of the object and within the cross-section of the beam.

After carrying out these procedures receive a distribution curve scattered by the object x-ray radiation, which describes its structure.

Information indicating the possibility of implementation of the present invention can be confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1.

Through two narrow slits (for example, a width of 0.1 mm) establish Morashtite beam of x- radiation. In the sample holder located perpendicular to the incident light, put an empty liquid into the cuvette and using a position-sensitive detector determines the intensity of the past radiation in the region of the Central peak of diffraction for a given set of slots (2θ=0-0,25°). Spend 3-5 parallel measurements to obtain statistical information. Then poured into a cuvette sample oil compound and are shooting in similar conditions (3-5 parallel measurements). The obtained experimental data are treated according to the dependencies (1) and (2). The results of the processing shown in the drawing (dependence 1).

Example 2.

The sample holder is placed in an empty liquid into the cuvette and in the conditions according to example 1 determine the intensity of the past radiation. Then poured into a cuvette, the sample is opaque to visible light commercial prisa is key KND. The shooting conditions of the sample additives and subsequent processing of the experimental data is carried out in accordance with example 1. The results of calculation shown in the drawing (dependence 2).

Example 3.

The sample holder is placed in an empty liquid into the cuvette and in the conditions according to example 1 determine the intensity of the past radiation. Then in the cuvette was placed a sample of the additive CLP, pre-diluted to 50 wt.% oil-compound (see example 1) and designed to measurements some time. The shooting conditions of the sample diluted additives and subsequent processing of the experimental data is carried out in accordance with example 1. The results of the processing shown in the drawing (dependence 3).

As follows from the drawing, the dispersion curves are of different nature, due to the different structure of the samples (especially from the point of view of their dispersion).

Conducted normalization curves of the intensity distribution falling on the object (an empty cell) and passed through the object radiation (the study sample) for examples 1, 2 and 3 according to the prototype. The results of the normalization given in the table.

Indicate in the table below:

I_ithe intensity incident on the object (the empty cuvette, examples 1, 2, 3) and passing through laser radiation (the analyzed samples, examples 1, 2, 3)corresponding to the given scattering angle;

ΣI_i- the overall intensity or falling on an object (an empty cuvette, examples 1, 2, 3), or passed through laser radiation (the analyzed samples, examples 1, 2, 3), respectively.

As shown, the normalized value of the intensity of incident radiation (the object is missing, empty cuvette) and different scattering angles almost with the flow with the same normalized value of the intensity transmitted through different objects radiation (examples 1, 2, 3). This suggests the impossibility of identification of the internal structure of the investigated objects according to the method of small-angle imaging shown in the prototype.

Thus, the proposed method of small-angle imaging allows you to define the internal structure of subarashii objects, such as oil samples with additives, and its change during the process.

The method of small-angle imaging, which consists in the irradiation of the controlled object narrow maloratsky beam of penetrating radiation, registration has passed through the object radiation using a position-sensitive detector and identification of patterns included in the controlled object substances by small-angle coherent scattering has passed through the object radiation and reception intensity distribution of the radiation beam in the absence of the object and its availability, characterized in that to determine the attenuation coefficient for the center beam of penetrating radiation through the ratio of the intensities incident on the object and transmitted through the object radiation, normalized distribution curve of the intensity of incident radiation in the region of the Central peak of the diffraction angle scattering on attenuation coefficient and subtract from the distribution curve passing through the irradiation object is Oia.