Gravimetric method for modeling geological space
 Gravimetric method for modeling geological space / 2249237Method includes measuring gravity force on earth surface, building map of gravity anomalies, averaging anomalies of gravity at plane XY in sliding window with radius R, localization of gravitating irregularities in geological space XYZ. Averaging at plane XY is performed with series of serially increasing averaging radiuses, increasing for constant value ΔR. On basis of relation between depth of placement Z of gravitating irregularity and averaging radius R within limits of researched area in given range of depths a series of N sub-parallel layers with power ΔZ is singled out, containing inside information about fragments of gravitating irregularities. A respective series of n radiography cross-sections Zi. By consecutive analysis of sections a layer-wise research of inner structure of geological space is performed. On plane XZ a network of profiles is set, on basis of which a respective network of gravimetric sections is built by projecting information about fragments of gravitating irregularities from radiography sections Zi on plane XZ of section into points belonging to lines of intersection of planes of sections with planes of radiography sections. By interpolation in sections planes a distribution of gravitating irregularities is produced. Their substance-structural identification is performed. On basis of continuous inter-profile correlation of identified in adjacent sections same-name elements a gravimetric volumetric model of geological space is constructed. |
 Method and device for amplifying natural radial oscillations of gravitating masses / 2249837Method allows adjusting resonance between like-weight masses of matter making natural radial oscillations from center of gravity of matter to its peripheral part and backwards. According to the method two like-weight masses are set one against the other and are driven into motion in counter-phase with frequency being similar to frequency of natural radial oscillations of masses. Weights of matter speed of rotation of discs and limit minimal distance between discs are chosen to provide ability of gravitational interaction between masses. Device has hosing inside which two discs are placed. Both discs are fixed each on its own axis for rotation in opposite directions and for translation along axes. At least one aid for fixing mass of matter is placed along perimeter of discs in opposite to each other. Tapping of electric power is provided. |
 Mode of measuring earth's gravitational field / 2251127The essence of the invention is in measuring of stabilizing fluctuations of the cosmic apparatus along channels of rolling, pitching and yawing and then using these measurements to pick out: angles of static deviations (γct, θct, ψct) by decomposition of measured fluctuations into Fourier's series; disturbing moments,(Mx, My, Mz), corresponding to static angles of deviations (γct, θct, ψct) and gravitational parameter is defined on cited formula. At repeated flight of the cosmic apparatus over this region of the Earth magnetic stabilization system is switched off, frequency fluctuations of the cosmic apparatus in each stabilization channel are measured, and gravitational parameter( on the basis of measuring of quick-changeable parameters) is defined on cited formula. Received meanings of gravitational parameter are defined on the basis of static parameters and on the basis of fluctuated characteristics are compared and regions of anomalies of the gravitational field of the planet are picked out, constructive parameters of the cosmic apparatus are changed and measures are repeated. |
 Gravimeter / 2253138Gravimeter can be used for precised measurement of gravity or increments in gravity. Gravimeter has case, elastic member disposed inside the case, sample mass, device for registering shift of sample mass and data processing system. Elastic member has at least two flat springs. Elastic member is made to follow preset relation of dimensions. |
 Gravity meter / 2253882Gravity meter has a body with distributed in it an elastic element and explorative mass, an arrangement of registration of displacement of explorative mass and a system of processing results. The arrangement of displacement of explorative mass is executed in the form of a laser measuring instrument of displacement with reversing calculation of interference fringes. At that the elastic element has at least two flat springs. The heterodyne laser measuring instrument of displacement with reversing calculation of interference fringes has corner reflectors. The height of the corner reflectors may be located at least in one of the vertical surfaces of symmetry of the elastic element. |
 Method and device for determining parameters of gravitation and wave fields / 2260199Parameters of gravitation and wave fields are determined by electrolytic sensor, containing body with planes, filled with electrolyte, fixed measuring electrodes, moving measuring electrode, electric current-conductive resilient elements, by one ends connected to moving measuring electrode, and by other ends - to body. Inertial mass of sensor consists of hard portion, formed by resilient element and moving electrode, and liquid portion - electrolyte. |
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Method for finding deposits of oil and gas / 2263935 Method includes determining oil and gas availability of area on basis of presence of deep reservoirs in earth crust, by means of deep-mode seismic reconnaissance, and marking sizeable dynamic anomalies, prediction and localization of oil channels is performed, level of activity of oil channel is performed. Prediction and localization of oil channels is performed on basis of seismic reconnaissance in 2D or 3D variant. To determine activity of oil channel at territory of outlet of channel instability of gravitation field is researched by various special observations at fixed positions and determining changes of gravitation field in time at each of these. On basis of presence of areas of increased instability of gravitation field activity of channel is estimated. After determining channel activity, search well is drilled immediately at oil channel. At areas with uncertain availability of oil and gas, observations are performed in conjunction with geo-chemical filming. |
 System for correcting gyrostabilizer of marine gravimeter / 2282147System comprises accelerometer, integrator, amplifier, moment pickup, band filter-observer for extracting alternative component of the signal from the accelerometer with the Shuler frequency, comparator, transfer clamping circuit, control circuit, band filter-meter for extracting alternative component of the signal from the integrator with the Shuler frequency, and switch. The output of the accelerometer is connected with the first input of the integrator and with the input of the band filter-observer. The output of the integrator is connected with the input of the amplifier and with the input of the moment pickup of the gyroscope. The output of the band filter-observer is connected with the input of the comparator whose output is connected with the input of the transfer clamping circuit whose output is connected with the input of the control circuit whose second output is connected with the second input of the band filter-meter and with the second input of the band filter-observer whose first output is connecter with the first input of the switch whose second input is connected with the output of the band filter-meter. The output of the switch is connected with the second input of the integrator. |
 Gas-liquid gravimeter / 2282218Gravimeter comprises mercury column that is balanced by the pressure of gas inside the closed vessel and moves vertically when the gravity changes and capacitive transducer that is used for recording the changes. The inner sides of the bottom parts of the vessels within the range of mercury level displacements is made of concentric spheres whose center is located at the point of the suspension of the plate of the capacitive indicator of the mercury level in the top vessel. The bottom vessel receives the thermal compensator that changes its volume in accordance with the heat expansion of gas so that the pressure of gas remains constant. The actuator of the heat compensator is the thermosensitive member made of a closed vessel filled with the heat compensating liquid. The top base of the vessel is provided with the bellows having movable base secured to the base of the larger bellows that is the top base of the vessel. Two additional spaces filled with the heat compensating liquid are connected with the vessel. The additional spaces are in a heat contact with the mercury column in the connecting pipe and bottom vessel, respectively. |
 Sensor of device for measuring gravity constant / 2282219Sensor comprises source of gravity field and gravitational vibrator. The source is made of the spherical gravitating body that is provided with the concentric spherical space and ring recess along the plane of the large circumference and filled with the agent whose density is less than that of the gravitating body. The gravitational vibrator is mounted at the center of the concentric space and made of a rod provided with two testing bodies. The bearing is mounted at the middle of the rod. The gravitating body is made of a magnetically soft material, and the testing bodies are made of an alloy whose diamagnetic permeability is compensated by the paramagnetic permeability of the admixtures. The sides of the spherical space are covered with the material-alloy of the testing bodies. |
FIELD: geophysics.
SUBSTANCE: method includes measuring gravity force on earth surface, building map of gravity anomalies, averaging anomalies of gravity at plane XY in sliding window with radius R, localization of gravitating irregularities in geological space XYZ. Averaging at plane XY is performed with series of serially increasing averaging radiuses, increasing for constant value ΔR. On basis of relation between depth of placement Z of gravitating irregularity and averaging radius R within limits of researched area in given range of depths a series of N sub-parallel layers with power ΔZ is singled out, containing inside information about fragments of gravitating irregularities. A respective series of n radiography cross-sections Zi. By consecutive analysis of sections a layer-wise research of inner structure of geological space is performed. On plane XZ a network of profiles is set, on basis of which a respective network of gravimetric sections is built by projecting information about fragments of gravitating irregularities from radiography sections Zi on plane XZ of section into points belonging to lines of intersection of planes of sections with planes of radiography sections. By interpolation in sections planes a distribution of gravitating irregularities is produced. Their substance-structural identification is performed. On basis of continuous inter-profile correlation of identified in adjacent sections same-name elements a gravimetric volumetric model of geological space is constructed.
EFFECT: higher efficiency.
2 cl, 6 dwg
The invention relates to Geophysics, in particular to method the gravity survey, which used the method of averaging.
The closest in technical essence and the achieved results is the gravimetric method quasicubic points (QUOTA) [RF Patent №2094830 invention “Gravimetric method quasicubic points”. Author Eliseeva I.S.], used to build gravity of the section of the earth's crust based on the use of the full function of the normalized gradient of gravity. The way QUOTA includes measuring the force of gravity along the profile line, the transformation of the fields normalized full gradient along the profile and obtaining the coordinates (X, Z) sources of anomalies in the cut. The result of applying the method is to layout in the context of mass inhomogeneities (lateral boundaries, sub-vertical contacts) without using a priori geological and geophysical information.
The method of QUOTAS has the following disadvantages.
1. Measurements of gravity are on the profile, which leads to distortions in the calculations due to the fact that throughout the profile impossible for him to focus in the direction of maximum change of the values of the horizontal gradient of the gravity field.
2. The method does not provide the possibility of layer-by-layer study of the internal structure of the geological space.
3. The method does not allow for the construction of gravimetric volumetric model of the geological space.
4. The absence in the context of information about his real differentiation.
In the proposed gravimetric method the problem of increasing geological efficiency of the gravity survey is solved by performing ravnoapostolnyh area measurements of gravity and structuring of the distribution of gravitating inhomogeneities within a specified amount of geological space on the basis of the implementation of mathematically proven classical criteria and representations, in particular, the use of transformation averaging anomalies of gravity, based on the famous line about the geological structures and the corresponding anomalies and similar geological structures and gravitational anomalies, that is, the statistical difference between the anomalies of different geological nature [Vsemirnov Rate gravity survey”, Len. the CTD. “Nedra”, 1980, s]that allows to localize and study every gravitating heterogeneity within a given range of amplitude-frequency spectrum of anomalies without the involvement of a priori geological and geophysical information.
With the aim of solving the task in the investigated area of the earth surface in paragraphs uniform survey network, perform areal measurements of gravity of a given scale, build a map of the anomalies of gravity of the same size, strength values anomalies interpolate the nodes of a square matrix with step ΔL, due to the scale of the map. At each node of the matrix carry out the averaging of gravitational anomalies Δg'an in a sliding window with a sequentially increasing by a constant amount ΔR by averaging radii R 0 =0, R 1 =R 0 +ΔR, R 2 =R 1 +ΔR, ..., R n =R n-1 +ΔR.
Originate from physical essence of the operation of averaging, in accordance with which the averaged gravitational anomalies caused by inhomogeneities, which occur at different depths, is equivalent to their rolling in the material of the plate lying at the same depth, and based on the known dependence of Z=kR, where Z is the depth of the gravitating heterogeneity, and k is a coefficient that sets the numerical relationship between the parameters Z and R [Vsemirnov Rate gravity survey”, Lenord. “Nedra”, 1980, s-424], define Z 1 =kR 1 , Z 2 =k(R 1 +ΔR)=Z 1 +ΔZ, ..., Z n =k(R n-1 +ΔR)=Z n-1 +ΔZ, from which they concluded that the heterogeneity of the corresponding adjacent averaging radii R i and R i +ΔR), are deposited on the adjacent depths Z and i (Z i +ΔZ) planes, oboeblaeser in geological space subhorizontal plane-parallel layers with a capacity of ΔZ=kΔR.
The gravitational influence of gravitating fragments inhomogeneities contained in these layers, qualify as the difference between the gravitational effects of the inhomogeneities, the respective adjacent radii averaging, that is, as the differential anomalies Δ(Δ (g) i =(Δ (g an ) Ri -(Δ (g an ) Ri+ΔR , which are in the form of maps of isonormal and believe that the centers of mass of the inhomogeneities, caused differential anomalies equidistant from limiting their adjacent planes Z and i (Z i +ΔZ), that is focused on the axial planes of plane-parallel layers with a capacity of ΔZ and are located at depths (Z ZM ) i =Z i +0.5ΔZ, on the basis of what the depth interval from Z 1 to Z n get a series of N tomographic slices for forming tentatively in accordance with the geological setting choose the value of the source parameter ΔR=mΔL, where m=1, 2, 3 ..., for convenience of calculations R 1 accept equal ΔR and calculate the value of parameter ΔZ=Z 1 =kΔR, based on which, at a given depth research to determine the number N of tomographic slices.
In the ranking by size and depth of all anomalies investigated part of the amplitude-frequency spectrum in the tomographic slices corresponding to localize anomalies gravitating heterogeneity, including anomalies and anomalous zones of opposite signs and separated their gradient zone, define the coordinates X i Y i Z i extremums anomalies and anomalous zones, perform real-structural identification of localized mass inhomogeneities and receive a distribution of fragments, forming geological space, sequentially compare neighboring tomographic slices and within the study area carry out layer-by-layer study of the internal structure of the geological space..
Ask ad hoc network profiles, thickness and orientation of which is determined on the basis of geological tasks. For each of the profiles in planes XZ sections as a result of their intersection with a series of N tomographic slices form a corresponding series of N horizontal lines, each of which with tomographic slices projected values of tension differential anomalies Δ(Δ (g) i and in the depth interval from (Z ZM ) 1 to (Z ZM ) n of fragments dispersed in N tomographic slices, build gravimetric incisions in the contour depth anomalies Δ(Δ (g) z , characterized by the fact that independently the number and direction profiles that intersect at an arbitrary point in XY space, the distribution of values of depth anomalies in each of the sections of the same line of their intersection in a given depth interval, which is a consequence of the implemented computational schemes, providing ravnotochnoj and runprograminguest sections, built on any arbitrarily selected on the XY plane of the profile. I liken depth anomalies gravitating to inhomogeneities and for each section are identified, locate the material-structural elements and form gravimetric model of the geological section.
On the basis of gravimetric sections perform continuous correlation identified in the adjacent sections of the same material-structural elements, build the relief surfaces of the lateral boundaries of the geological space, correlated sub-vertical contacts, locate in the space of closed forms, carry out their real identity and boundaries of the study area of the earth surface at a given depth interval build gravimetric volumetric model of the geological space.
Further, the invention is illustrated by specific example of the gravimetric method of modelling of geological space.
In accordance with the geological setting within the boundaries of the study area of the earth surface (figure 1), it is necessary to construct a gravity model of the geological space in the depth interval from 2-5 to 55-60 km to isolate and study in a given volume of the geological space regional geostructures, for which the study area is measured gravity scale 1:2 500 000, build a map of the anomalies of gravity of the same scale (1), which is based on quadratic interpolation matrix with step ΔL=12.5 km, consisting of nodes of intersection 42 columns (2) and 34 's row (3).
In accordance with the scope of the study and the requirements of the job geological choose the value of the source parameter ΔR=2ΔL=R 1 =25 km and on the basis of empirically obtained values of the coefficient K=0.2857 [Boundries, Iggleden/ “geologic interpretation of gravity anomalies”, Costoptimized, Leningrad, 1962, s] calculate the parameter ΔZ=kΔR=7,14 km, on the basis of which at a given depth research 55-60 km and R 0 =0 get a series of 10-and successively increasing radii averaging 0, 25, 50, ..., 225 km and by successive averaging anomalies of gravity of each of these radii form a series of maps differential anomalies Δ(Δ (g) i =(Δg an°-(Δ (g an ) 25 ; Δ(Δg) 2 =(Δ (g an ) 25 -(Δ (g an ) 50 ; ...; Δ(Δ (g) 9 =(Δ (g an ) 200 -(Δ (g an ) 225 , calculate corresponding to the radius of the averaging depth Z i gravitating inhomogeneities 0; -7,14; -14,29; ..., -64,29 km and on the basis of the formula (Z ZM ) i =Z i +0,5ΔZ the centers of mass of the inhomogeneities, caused differential anomalies that lead to axial planes subhorizontal plane-parallel layers of power ΔZ=7,14 km, have to depths -3,57; -10,71; ..., -60,71 km and receive a series of 9-and tomographic slices, which carry out layer-by-layer study of the internal structure of a given volume of the geological space. Figure 2 and 3 present 2 such cutoff of 9-and at depths respectively -17,86 and -25,00 km.
Their comparative analysis can reveal differences in adjacent sections of the middle floor of the earth's crust that are posted on the depth value ΔZ=7,14 km, and to estimate the direction and intensity of the tangential displacements of the same material-structural elements shown in the form of gradient zones, sharp turns, and disruption of the lateral continuity of the gradient zones, isomeric and strip anomalies of opposite signs and their extrema, etc., In accordance with the geological setting in the study area define a network of 11 profiles (4) and form the corresponding network sections by projecting strength values differential anomalies 9 and tomographic slices (-3,57; -10,71; ..., -60,71 km) in point belonging to the line of their intersection with the planes XZ sections and by interpolating contained on these lines-strength values of depth anomalies Δ(Δ (g) z build gravimetric incisions in the contour of these anomalies, I liken depth anomalies gravitating to inhomogeneities, carry their identification, locate the material - structural elements (including lateral boundary and sub-vertical contacts) and form a gravity model of geological sections.
Gravimetric cuts presents only three of the specified 11 profiles (4), two of which are subparallel profiles a-b (figure 4) and c-d (figure 5), and figure 6 presents the secant their profile e-f. In subparallel sections localized eponymous real-structural elements, the main ones are presented gradient zones of the lateral boundary, the most striking of which is observed in the depth interval of 30-40 km (5 figs.4, 5 and 6), zone breakdowns lateral continuity of the boundary, that is, sub-vertical contacts (for example, 6 and 7 in figure 4 and 5), isomeric structural forms, which correspond to negative and positive gravitating heterogeneity (for example, 8 and 9 in figure 4 and 5).
Compare the distribution of the deep anomalies at the point of intersection subparallel sections a-b and c-d with zechusim section e-f and ascertain the identity values of depth anomalies along the lines of intersection of the planes of matching sections, on the basis of what make a judgment about ravnotochnoj and ravnoapostolnoi generated within a specified amount of geological space gravimetric models of geological sections.
On the basis of the continuous correlation of the same material-structural elements localized in adjacent sections (e.g., sections a-b and c-d), within the boundaries of the study area form a volumetric model of the geological space, including building the relief surfaces of the lateral boundaries.
When scale builds the value of the parameter ΔR ranges from tens of meters to first km, and depths range from hundreds of meters up to a few tens of kilometers, whereas srednemagistralnyh builds value ΔR can vary from kilometers to tens of kilometers (as in the above example), and the propagation distance from dozens to a hundred or more kilometers. Accordingly, presents a method for simulating geological space is effectively used in a wide variety of tasks Geology (including engineering Geology), Geophysics, geodynamics in the whole range of possible scale studies.
1. The gravimetric method of modelling of geological space, including the measurement of gravity at the earth's surface, building a map of the anomalies of gravity averaging the anomalies of gravity on the XY plane in a sliding window of radius R, the localization in the geological space XYZ gravitating inhomogeneities, characterized in that the averaging on the XY plane is performed by a series of sequentially increasing by a constant amount ΔR the radius of the averaging and based on the relationship between the depth Z gravitating particle and the radius of the averaging R within the boundaries of the study area in a given range of depths obsolet a series of N subparallel layers of power ΔZ containing inside information about the fragments gravitating discontinuities form the corresponding series of N tomographic slices Z i and by serial analysis carried out layer-by-layer study of the internal structure of the geological space.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the XZ plane set network profiles on which to build an appropriate network gravimetric sections by projecting information about slices gravitating inhomogeneities tomographic slices Z i on the XZ-plane incisions in point belonging to the intersection line of the planes of the sections by the planes of the tomographic slices, and by interpolation in the planes of the sections to receive the distribution of gravitating inhomogeneities, and deliver real-structural identification and on the basis of continuous iprofile correlation identified in the adjacent sections of the same material-structural elements form a gravimetric volumetric model of the geological space.