System and method for producing electrical anti-icing coatings |
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IPC classes for russian patent System and method for producing electrical anti-icing coatings (RU 2218291):
   
 Thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element / 2093426
The invention relates to the field of aircraft electrical equipment and can be used in de-icing system with electric heating rotating parts of the aircraft, for example, Coca and the propeller blades of an airplane or helicopter blades, windmills and wind turbines
 How to replace the elastic sealing rings in ball joints of pipeline anti-icing system for aircraft / 2211984
 The method of surface treatment of aircraft icing and mobile installation for its implementation / 2204494
The invention relates to vehicles adapted to spray
 A device for determining the intensity of icing / 2169105
The invention relates to equipment aircraft
 Mobile unit for de-icing of the external surfaces of the aircraft / 2159198
The invention relates to equipment for de-icing of the external surfaces of the aircraft on the ground
 The way deformation of the structure and its environment and device for its implementation / 2132292
The invention relates to the field of electro-education electrical energy into mechanical work and is intended for use with the excitation drums, acoustic, hydraulic and geophysical waves
 Device for deformation of the structure and its environment / 2126763
The invention relates to electro devices convert electrical energy into mechanical work and can be used for excitation of shock waves in structures - acoustic, hydraulic and geophysical
 De-icing device / 2112708
The invention relates to the field of de-icing pulse devices and can be used primarily on aircraft, removal of ice formations
 Device for determination of intensity of icing and thickness of ice / 2243923
Device includes first and second thermostabilizers, power difference separation unit, non-linear member, integrator and second indicator; first thermostabilizer is connected by its input to temperature sensor of working sensitive element and its output is connected to heater of working sensitive element; input of second thermostabilizer is connected to temperature sensor of compensating sensitive element and its output is connected to heat of compensating sensitive element.
 Mobile plant for de-icing of flying vehicles, industrial objects and structural objects / 2268200
Proposed mobile plant is made on base of automobile 1 with hoisting mechanism 2 for operator cabin equipped with remote control console 4, working fluid storage reservoir 5, pipe line with nozzle 7 connected with systems supplying it under pressure to surfaces to be treated, device for heating working fluid, detergent reservoir 10. Working fluid supply system includes pump connected with oil tank and with automobile engine through gearbox electrically connected with control console. Working fluid heating unit is made in form of flow-through device.
 Air intake for flying vehicle engine / 2279998
Proposed air intake for flying vehicle engine includes heated leading edge with skin, diaphragm and air supply branch pipe, outer skin of air intake and air inlet duct consisting of two parts. Front part of this duct is secured on outer skin and rear part is secured on engine flange. Front and rear parts of air inlet duct are interconnected by means of flexible coupling and are mounted at clearance forming circular slit. Located concentrically on front part of air inlet duct is envelope having longitudinal joint and its front end face is rigidly secured on Z-shaped profile mounted in duct. Vertical web of profile has holes smoothly distributed over perimeter. Rear end face of Z-shaped envelope is engageable by its lug with duct and its wall has holes smoothly distributed over perimeter.
 Method and device for detection of impairment of flying vehicle characteristics / 2302359
Central unit is connected with many information sources for detection of impairment of flying vehicle characteristics. Central unit is connected with warning units. Central unit includes computers for determination of present mass and present drag of flying vehicle and theoretical drag on basis of present mass. Central unit is also provided with device for use of at least first set of comparisons pertaining to drag and one comparison between preset drag and theoretical drag and devices for determination of impairment of flying vehicle characteristics by at least first set of comparisons.
 Device for determining rate of icing and thickness of ice deposit / 2307050
Invention relates to devices for measuring rate of icing and thickness of ice deposit on aircraft surfaces. Proposed device contains ice detector including working and compensating sensors and provided with heaters and temperature sensors. First thermostabilizer is connected by first input to temperature sensor of working sensor and by output, to heater of working sensor. Second thermostabilizer is connected by first input to temperature sensor of compensating sensor and by output, to heater of compensating sensor. Power difference discriminator is connected by first input to output of first thermostabilizer and by second input, to output of second thermostabilizer and by its output, to input of first nonlinear element whose output is connected to first indicator and to integrator, output of the latter being connected with second indicator. Moreover, device includes ambient air temperature meter and second nonlinear element. Output of ambient air temperature meter is connected to input of second nonlinear element whose output is connected to second inputs of first and second thermostabilizers.
 Device for supply of hot gas to flying vehicle movable slat or to stabilizer / 2316452
Proposed device is made in form of pipe line with inlet branch pipe (6) mounted on movable slat, outlet branch pipe (1) mounted on wing and elbow. Branch pipes and elbows are interconnected by means of bearing units. Bearing units include rotating bearings located in bodies; elbows are interconnected by means of bearing unit (5) provided with spherical bearing at slide fit over inner diameter; sealing rings of spherical bearing and packing washers of rotating bearing flanges are made from metal.
 Method and device for detection of icing / 2323131
Proposed method includes calculation of period of digitization frequency and delay time for compensation of initial phase shift, harmonic analysis of Fourier transformation, calculation of frequency and resonance Q-factor, detection of icing on basis of these data, calculation of ice thickness and rate of icing. Device proposed for realization of this method includes icing sensor with temperature sensor, transmitting converter, resonator, receiving converter and heating element, as well as processing unit with transceiver, signal processor, power amplifier, frequency synthesizer, amplifier with programmed gain factor and switch.
 System of protection of object surface from ice formation / 2329182
Invention refers to protection of object surfaces from ice formation and can be used on aircraft for ice formations removal. The system of protection contains inductors assembled under protected from ice formation surface of a coat; the said inductors are connected to impulse distributing units. These units are connected to a unit generating high voltage impulses; the latter is electrically tied with an output of a thickness indicator unit. The total thickness of the coat and a current conducting screen installed between the coat and the inductor must be not less, than a depth of penetration of electromagnetic field which is generated with an inductor coil. The current conducting screen with a diameter equal to a diameter of a working surface of the inductor is fixed rigidly to the coat via a flexible component placed between them; a diameter of the said component is equal to a diameter of the screen. The inductor is assembled against the screen with a gap of 0.1-0.2 mm.
 Icing indicator of helicopter propeller blades / 2335434
Indicator includes optical emitter mounted in the upper part of helicopter fuselage, which, via transmitting optical system, polariser, optically transparent heated emitter cap generates pulse emission at frequency of pulse oscillator connected to optical emitter. Pulse emission is modulated and synchronised using modulator and synchroniser which control pulse oscillator. Emission, reflecting from reflecting surface of propeller blade front edge, arrives on photoelectric detector input via optically transparent heated photoelectric detector cap. Polarisation plane of analyser is turned relative to polarising surface of polariser by the angle providing absence of emission passing through analyser when reflecting from clean surface of propeller blade. Input of signal processing unit is connected to output of photoelectric detector and output of signal processing unit is connected with input of icing indicator and input of anti-icing system control unit. The device allows to record with high accuracy the moments of icing process start and termination for helicopter lifting propeller blades.
 Method of detection of presence and intensity of aircraft icing / 2341413
Method is based on use, under negative air temperature, of heat balance changes of two heated surfaces of measured body supplied with thermal sensing elements placed under similar air flow conditions and respectively catching water droplets. Temperatures of both surfaces are sustained at different levels securing complete evaporation of water droplets from clouds.
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The invention relates to anti-icing systems for aircraft. The system is based on the change in the adhesion strength of ice adhered to the surface. The system is a composite coating made in different versions. In one particular embodiment, the composite coating contains the electrode wire and fiber insulator. The electrode wire is connected to the bias source of direct current and alternating work as cathodes and anodes. In another specific embodiment, the composite coating contains as a conductive wire, which intertwines their conductive fibers. The composite coating is located on the conductive surface of the object. To the surface and the composite coating is applied to the opposite bias DC. In another specific embodiment, the composite coating contains anode and cathode wire, twisted fiber insulator. When the flow through the ice DC on the ice surface as a result of electrolysis formed gaseous hydrogen and oxygen in the form of bubbles, which reduces the adhesion strength of ice and the destruction of its air flow. The invention n is worn to methods, systems and structures to modify the adhesion strength of ice at the contact between the ice and the selected objects. More specifically, the invention relates to methods, systems, and structures that serve the electric energy to the interface between the ice and the objects with the possibility of either an increase or decrease in the adhesion strength of ice to facilitate achieving the desired results.
The adhesion of ice to some surfaces creates a lot of problems. For example, excessive accumulation of ice on the wings of the aircraft to endanger the aircraft and its passengers. Ice on ship hulls creates navigational difficulties, the cost of additional capacity for navigation on water and ice, and certain unsafe conditions. The need for chopping ice, which is formed on the wind glass hire, for most adults and is burdensome periodic duty, and any residual ice creates a risk reduction overview and safety of the driver.
Icing and adhesion of ice also create problems with blades of helicopters and public roads. Billions of dollars are spent on the removal of ice and snow and struggle with them. Ice is also the power lines also causes problems. The icing adds weight to the power lines, causing outages of electricity, resulting in direct and indirect costs expended billions of dollars.
There are various ways of dealing with the adhesion of ice, although most of them involve some form of chipping, thawing or break off. For example, in the aviation industry used antifreeze solution such as ethylene glycol, which moisten the plane's wings to melt on the ice. This process is expensive, and dangerous for the environment; however, the threat to the safety of passengers justifies its use. Other aircraft used a rubber tube placed along the wing in front of him, and this tube is periodically inflated to break any ice deposited on it. In another aircraft change heat supply jet engine, directing this heat on the wing for thawing ice.
These known methods have limitations and are associated with difficulties. First, screw the aircraft does not have jet engines. Secondly, the rubber tube before the wings of the aircraft aerodynamically inefficient. Thirdly, the cost of eliminating obligee application can reach about ten times a day on some aircraft. For other types of objects common is the heating of ice and snow. But the heat of some objects is impractical from a technical point of view. In addition, large energy consumption and complex devices often make the heating is too expensive.
The aforementioned problems are primarily the result of the susceptibility of ice formation on surfaces and sticking to them. However, ice also creates difficulties associated with the fact that he has an exceptionally low coefficient of friction. For example, every year the ice on the roadway causes many car accidents, the price of which is both human life and great property damage. If the car tires effectively meshed with ice, then perhaps there would be fewer accidents.
In U.S. patent 6027975, shown here as a reference, described certain specific embodiments of the invention, in which electrical energy serves as an offset DC (PT) on the boundary surface between the ice and the object that is covered with ice. As a result, the adhesion strength of ice at the contact between the ice and the surface of the object is changed. Typically, the adhesive is houtem easy cleaning brush manually. In other cases, the adhesion strength of ice at the contact between the ice and the surfaces of objects increases. For example, when the adhesion strength of ice at the contact between the car tires and frozen carriageways of roads increases, decreases slipping and accidents. In General, if the surface section of the ice and being in contact with him of the object is generated charge, it is possible to selectively modify the adhesion between the ice and the object.
In U.S. patent 6027975 described power source connected with the possibility of application of DC voltage to the interface between the ice and the surface on which the ice is formed. For example, an object having a conductive surface may be a wing of the aircraft or ship (or even paint, applied on the design). In U.S. patent 6027975 indicated that connect to the surface of the first electrode, causing a non-conductive or insulating material in the form of a grid on the surface and form the second electrode by applying a conductive material such as conductive paint, on top of the insulating material, but without contact with the surface. However, with a system of electrodes in the form of nets, described in the patent Sshi insulating layers. Individual components of the system that contains the grid, including electrodes, wires and insulators, are produced in small-scale production. Such systems containing grid, it is possible to make photolithographic methods. Photolithography is very effectively used in the manufacture of integrated circuits. However, the use of photolithography for forming the system containing the mesh and designed to change the adhesion strength of ice, less acceptable. It causes a large number of drawings forming and etching. With regard to control technology with ice, photolithography is expensive, complex and unreliable.
In the present invention proposes a technical solution that replaces the mesh described in U.S. patent 6027975. In one specific embodiment, the present invention proposed a composite coating containing separate, closely spaced wire electrodes separated by a fiber insulator. Wire electrodes and fiber isolator is usually intertwined with each other using well-known and reliable industrial technologies. The wire electrodes are alternately connected to a source of DC power so Oset on the protected surface, using conventional adhesives. Metal wire can be made of gold, titanium or niobium electrolytic platinum plated, or other material with high resistance to electrical corrosion. As a dielectric fiber isolator is possible to use fibers made of nylon, glass or other dielectric material. Dielectric fibers separated metal electrodes, while maintaining the integrity of the coating. In addition, the dielectric fiber insulator electrically isolates the wire electrode from the surface, which is applied to the composite coating. Typical wire diameters are in the range from 10 to 100 μm, and in the same range are the dimensions of the open spaces between the electrode wires and fiber insulator. If and to the composite coating formed from the ice to the electrodes is applied a DC offset. As a result, changes the adhesion strength of ice on the surface section of the ice and the surface of the protected object.
In another specific embodiment of the invention the wire electrode composite coating connected with a source of DC offset so that they have the same offset constant is the amount of DC offset. Ice formed in the intervals of the composite coating, closes an electrical circuit.
In another specific embodiment, the invention form the wire mesh containing electrically conductive wire. The wire mesh is placed on conductive surfaces, and between the wire mesh and the surface have an insulating layer. The wire mesh is applied to the DC offset, and is applied to the surface opposite the DC offset. Ice formed in the interstices of the wire mesh, closes an electrical circuit.
Experts in the art should recognize that the above described system can be applied on the surfaces of many objects, where it is desirable to reduce the adhesion strength of ice, for example on the windshields of cars, airplane wings, ship hulls and power lines. When the invention takes the form of a composite fabric, it contains as functional anodes and functional cathodes required for system operation. So, no matter whether the surface is securable conductive or non-conductive.
Below is the description of the invention in connection with preferred concrtete various additions, exceptions and modifications within the scope of the claims of the invention.
A more complete understanding of the invention may be obtained by referring to the drawings, in which: Fig.1 shows a deicing system that includes an electric floor for removing ice from surfaces in accordance with the invention, Fig. 2 depicts an alternative deicing system comprising an electric floor for removing ice from surfaces in accordance with the invention, Fig. 3 shows a composite coating in accordance with the invention, which gives the change in the adhesion of ice formed on the surface of Fig.4 shows a composite coating in accordance with the invention, in which the electrode wire have the same offset, and Fig.5 shows wire mesh in accordance with the invention.
The invention includes methods, systems, and structures that alter the adhesion strength of ice by contact with objects such as metals and semiconductors by application of a DC offset to the boundary surface between the ice and these objects. In Fig.1 shows one system 10, which includes an electric Antillean who may be for example, the surface of aircraft wings, helicopter rotor blades, the air intake of a jet engine, a heat exchanger for food and industrial equipment, fridge, road signs, deck superstructures of ships or other object exposed to cooling conditions, moisture or ice. More specifically, the coating 12 deposited on the surface 16 to protect the surface 16 of ice 14. The coating 12 is preferably flexible, so is the physical correspondence to the shape of the surface 16. During operation of the coating 12 applied voltage from the source 18 of the power supply. Typically, this voltage is greater than two volts, and typically ranges from two to one hundred volts, and higher voltages are applied at lower temperatures. For example, for temperature -10oWith and between the anode and cathode of 50 μm within the cover 12 (described in more detail below), the coating is applied In about 20 to ensure that the current density flowing through a very clean atmospheric ice, i.e., one that is found on the wings of the aircraft, about 10 mA/cm2.
When voltage is applied, the ice 14 is decomposed into gazoo the first pressure, which prepare the chin ice 14 of the cover 12 (therefore, from the surface 16). A typical current density applied to the cover 12, is in the range of about 1-10 mA/cm2. If it is desirable, in the feedback circuit with a source 18 of power and, therefore, with the circuit formed by the coating 12 and the ice 14, connecting the subsystem 20 of the regulation voltage to increase or decrease it using the DC voltage applied to the coating 12 in accordance with the optimum conditions.
In Fig.2 shows one system 40, which includes an electric de-icing coating 42 to impact on the ice 44, which may stick to the conductive surface 46. Conductive surface 46 may be, for example, the surface of aircraft wings, helicopter rotor blades, the air intake of a jet engine, a heat exchanger for food and industrial equipment, fridge, road signs, deck superstructures of ships or other object exposed to cooling conditions, moisture or ice. More specifically, the coating 42 is applied to the surface 46 to protect the surface 46 of ice 44. The coating 42 is preferably flexible so that it can fit voltage with a voltage source 48 power. The bias voltage applied to the coating 42 may be equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the bias voltage, applied to the surface 46. If this is desirable, between the cover 42 and the surface 46 can be positioned insulator 45; insulator 45 preferably contains the configuration of the dielectric grid, described below.
Typically, the voltage between the cover 42 and the surface 46 in excess of two volts, and typically ranges from two to one hundred volts, and higher voltages are applied at lower temperatures.
When voltage is applied, the ice 44 decomposes into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen through electrolysis. Further, the gases formed inside the ice 44 bubbles of high pressure, which prepare the chin ice 44 of the cover 42 (and hence from the surface 46). The normal current density applied to the cover 42 is in the range of about 1-10 mA/cm2. If it is desirable, in the feedback circuit with a source 48 of power and, therefore, with the circuit formed by coating 42 and ice 44, connecting the subsystem 50 of the regulation voltage to increase or decrease, with the help of the DC voltage applied to the cover 42, in accordance with optimalit communication between ice and metal. These interactions effectively change (either decrease or increase) by application of a small DC offset (FRI) between ice and metal. As described below, the composite coating contains metal wire electrode separated by a dielectric fiber isolator with flexibility, so that when applied to the surface 16, it provides the necessary protection from ice. Due to the application of the DC offset change in adhesive strength of ice at the contact between the ice and the electrode coating, and between the ice and the surface.
Ice has certain physical properties that allow the present invention to selectively modify the adhesion of ice to a conductive (semiconductor) surfaces. If the surface coming into contact with ice, generate a charge, it is possible to selectively modify the adhesion between the two surfaces. First of all, the ice is proton semiconductor, it is a small class of semiconductors, the charge carriers are protons, not electrons. This phenomenon is a consequence of the hydrogen bonds in ice. Much like a typical semiconductors, the charge carriers are electrons, the school one physical property of ice is its surface is covered with geosteering layer (LGL). LGL has important physical characteristics. First, LGL has a thickness of only in the nanometer range. Secondly, its viscosity is in this range that it can exist in States from podobrannogo - when freezing temperatures or close to it - to a very viscous at low temperatures. In addition, LGL exist at such low temperatures, as -100oC.
LGL also a major factor in the adhesion strength of ice. A set of semiconductor properties of ice and LGL allows you to selectively manipulate the adhesion strength of ice at the contact between ice and other objects. In General, water molecules in ice are oriented arbitrarily. However, the molecules on the surface is oriented essentially in the same direction - either outside or inside. As a result, all their protons and, therefore, positive charges, "converted" either outside or inside. Although the exact mechanism (orientation) is unknown, likely it is that the disordered water molecules proceeds in an ordered orientation within the housing area. However, the practical result ordering is that oberhasli on the surface, come into contact with ice, generate a charge, it is possible to selectively modify the adhesion between the two surfaces. Since similar charges repel and unlike attract, externally applied electric displacement on the boundary surface of the ice and other surface reduces or increases the adhesion of ice to another object.
Ice includes polar water molecules, intensively interacting with any solid surface, which has a dielectric constant different from the dielectric constant of ice. In addition, there is the experience of theoretical and experimental studies supporting the existence of surface charge in the ice. This surface charge can also interact with the substrate.
An important factor is electrolysis. When through the ice flows a constant current, the boundary surfaces of the ice due to electrolysis, accumulate gaseous hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2in the form of bubbles of high pressure. These bubbles play a role in the formation of cracks at the interfaces, reducing the adhesion strength of ice.
In Fig. 3 shows the composite coating 100 having a cathode wire 102 and the anode wire, 04, preventing a short circuit. Wire 102, 104 are connected, for example, with a source 18 of the power supply (or source 48 power), so that a suitable current density affects the adhesion of ice to the floor 100. Typically, the current density is picked so that it reduced the adhesion force at the contact between the ice and the floor 100, so that the cover 100 is open, protecting surfaces such as the surface 16, of ice. Typical spacing between the wires 102 are 10-50 μm; the typical intervals between the wires 104 also comprise 10-50 μm. Wire 102, 104 made of, for example, gold, titanium or niobium electrolytic platinum plated, or other material with high resistance to electrical corrosion.
In Fig. 4 shows a composite coating 120 in accordance with the invention. The cover 120 has a striped electrode wire 122, each of which is applied the same offset from the connected power source. The coating 120 may be deposited on the surface 46, as shown in Fig.2, the surface 46 is conductive; between the surface 46 and the wires 122, there is a potential tension. Insulating the grid 124 prevents a short circuit of wires 122 and predatorially 46 to make changes in the adhesion of ice in accordance with the invention.
In Fig.5 shows the cover 150 in the form of a wire mesh made in accordance with the invention. The cover 150 in the form of a mesh is mainly conductive, and are conductive wire 152 and components 154 tissue. Thus, the cover 150 in a grid deposited on a conductive surface 46, and between them is an insulator 45. The insulator 45 is designed in such a way that protects the surface 46 when the ice 44 closes the circuit between the cover 150 in the form of a grid and the surface 46. The voltage potential between the cover 150 in the form of a grid and the surface 46 modifies the adhesion strength of ice 44, if desired.
A typical current density applied to the coatings according to the invention, is in the range of about 1-10 mA/cm2. Operating voltages are typically in the range from 2 to about 100 volts, depending on the temperature of the ice and the distance between the wires. The lower the temperature, the higher the voltage required. The larger the gap between the wires, the higher the voltage required. At a typical temperature of -10oAnd the gap of 50 μm, the offset is about 20 provides the current density passed through very clean naturally is one corrosion. For this purpose, they can be covered with a thin layer of platinum, gold, or amorphous carbon. You can also use other alloys. Cathode wire 102 must also be permeable to hydrogen. Examples of suitable cathode material include gold, copper, brass, bronze and silver.
The composite coating or wire mesh in accordance with the invention has flexibility. He/she can secure a huge variety of materials, shapes and surfaces, including, as examples: aircraft wings, rotor blades of helicopters, protective nets on the air intakes of jet engines, heat exchangers for food and industrial refrigerators, road signs and deck superstructure of ships.
The above wire mesh and composite coatings can be produced using conventional methods common in the industry. The grid or composite coating according to the invention can be applied to the surface by simple stretch mesh/coating on this surface under the condition of applying a thin layer of adhesive between the composite coating or mesh and the surface.
Claims 1. System for modifying the adhesion strength of ice, inherent ice is yuushuu surface, moreover, the coating includes an electrically conductive wire, electroconductive insulating layer located between the coating and the surface, and the source of DC power for the application of the offset DC voltage between the grid and the surface using a chain, which includes the ice. 2. The system under item 1, which further comprises adhesive for bonding the composite coating to the surface. 3. The system under item 1, in which the surface of the wire grid is connected with protivopoloznymi conclusions of the source of DC power. 4. The system under item 1, in which the DC offset provides in ice, the current density in the range of about 1-10 mA/cm2. 5. The system under item 1, in which the DC offset has the potential voltage in the range of about 2-100 In between the surface and the mesh. 6. System for modifying the adhesion strength of ice, characteristic of ice adhering to the electrically conductive surface containing a composite coating covering the surface, and this floor has many conductive electrode wires and a multitude of electrically insulating fiber isolator, fiber insulator separating each of the electrode wires of each is a mix of direct current between the electrode wire and the surface with the chain, which includes the ice. 7. The system under item 6, which further comprises adhesive for bonding the composite coating to the surface. 8. The system under item 6, in which the surface is connected to one output of the power source constant current, and the electrode wire is connected to the opposite output source DC power. 9. The system under item 6, in which the electrode wire includes a cathode wire and the anode wire. 10. The system under item 6, in which the composite coating is a composite cloth. 11. The system under item 10, in which the composite woven fabric of the electrode wires and fiber insulator. 12. System on p. 11, in which the electrode wire twisted in a direction essentially perpendicular to the fiber insulator. 13. The system under item 6, in which the electrode wire is made of one of materials such as gold, copper, brass, bronze, silver or mixtures thereof. 14. The system under item 13, which further comprises a coating situated on top of the wires, and this coating is selected from the group which consists of platinum, gold and amorphous carbon. 15. The system under item 6, in which the electrode wire are cathode wire and the wires and between the surface and the cathode wires. 16. System for modifying the adhesion strength of ice, characteristic of ice adhering to the surface containing a composite coating covering the surface, and this floor has lots of cathode wires, multiple wires and electrically insulating fiber isolator, fiber isolator isolates the cathode wire from the anode wires, and a source of DC power for the application of the offset DC voltage between the cathode and anode wires using a circuit, which includes the ice. 17. The system under item 16, in which the cathode wire is connected with one output of the power source constant current, and the anode wire is connected to another output source DC power. 18. The system under item 16, in which a source of DC power is the battery. 19. The system under item 16, in which the surface is a surface of an airplane wing. 20. The system under item 16, in which the surface is a surface transmission line. 21. The system under item 16, which further comprises adhesive for bonding the composite coating to the surface. 22. The system under item 16, in which the composite coating is a composite cloth. 23. System theme on p. 23, in which the cathode and anode wire twisted in a direction essentially perpendicular to the fiber insulator. 25. The system under item 16, in which the cathode wire is made of one of materials such as gold, copper, brass, bronze, silver or mixtures thereof. 26. The system under item 16, in which the wire is made of one of materials such as gold, copper, brass, bronze, silver or mixtures thereof. 27. System p. 26, which further comprises a coating over the wires, and this coating is selected from the group which consists of platinum, gold and amorphous carbon.
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