Thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element

IPC classes for russian patent Thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element (RU 2093426):

B64D15/12 - by electric heating (H05B0003840000 takes precedence;electric heating elements in general H05B)

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(57) Abstract:

Usage: the invention relates to anti-icing systems with electric heating rotating parts of aircraft. Essence: thermal anti-icing system contains electric heating elements, built-in part of the rotating elements, the associated multi-phase synchronous generator, the rotor of which anchor windings are placed on the same shaft with rotating elements, and a stator winding installed motionless, and winding through the control unit, the power set is connected with the power source. 4 C.p. f-crystals, 4 Il.

The invention relates to the field of aircraft electrical equipment and can be used in de-icing system with electric heating rotating parts of the aircraft, for example, Coca and the propeller blades of an airplane or helicopter blades, windmills and wind turbines.

Known thermal anti-icing system screw LA containing thermal electric heating elements embedded in the end of the screw associated with them through the block job mode power supply and perekljuchi complex structure of the switch for the reconciliation of the number of phases of the power source and the number of heating Elements, which can be nonmultiple 3, as well as the presence of the power rings and brushes due to what turns out to low reliability, high complexity service and low humidity.

Closest to the technical essence is taken as a prototype, thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element (WCE) containing heat electric heating elements embedded in the wing and made in the form of separate sections connected in a star or triangle, and connected with them through the block job mode, determines the time on and off condition of the heating Elements depending on the temperature, the power source [2]
The known device has a low reliability and high maintenance costs, due to the presence of slip rings with carbon brushes that wear out. In addition, such systems require significant power from the power source, because all the power needed to heat the heating Elements, taken from the constant current source taking into account the efficiency of the Converter and the current collector. This leads to the need of pererisovyvaniya source of power, causing an increase in mass of the aircraft, wind turbines, etc.

- The, by reducing electricity consumption from the power source;
improving reliability and reducing maintenance costs by eliminating the brush-contact current collector;
maintaining the voltage on the Heaters constant when changing the voltage of the power source;
-maintaining the voltage on the Heaters constant when changing the rotation frequency of the rotating element;
the exception imbalance of the rotating element due to uneven chipping ice from the blades at the failure of anti-icing systems.

The task is achieved by creating a thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element containing thermal elements embedded in part of the rotating element and the associated through the block job mode power supply, which according to the invention, equipped with a multi-phase synchronous generator, the rotor of which anchor windings are placed on the same shaft with the rotatable element, and a stator winding installed motionless, and the stator winding through the control unit, which is equipped with the system, is connected with the power source.

The system is also characterized by the execution control unit in the form of a stabilizer that is speed VE, associated with the current regulator of the generator.

The invention is characterized by the fact that introduced additional control unit fault system, located between the current regulator of the generator field and stator field winding of the generator and is designed as a comparator value of the variable component of twice the frequency of the generator excitation current of the generator.

The execution control unit in the form of a current regulator ensures the accuracy of the voltage on the Heaters when the oscillation voltage of the DC source.

The speed sensor VE entered into the system and associated with the current regulator so that the setpoint current regulator excitation generator varies inversely with the frequency of the signal stabilizer, helps to ensure the required accuracy of the voltage on the Heaters even when the change speed VE, for example, to reduce the level of noise on the ground.

System shutoff due to control unit fault system, located between the current regulator of the generator field and stator winding excitation, allows the surface to the producing to the imbalance of the rotating element due to uneven chipping ice from the blades.

The execution of the block of the fault monitoring system in the form of a comparator value of the variable component of twice the frequency of the generator excitation current to the stator and thresholding its operation is greater than the maximum value of the variable component of the excitation current of the generator during normal operation of the system in the entire frequency range allows you to easily identify any abnormal system operation modes, leading to asymmetry of the power of the Heaters.

In Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element; Fig. 2 thermal anti-icing system re changing the rotational speed VE of Fig. 3 thermal anti-icing system of VE unit control system malfunction; Fig. 4 a block circuit diagram of the control problem.

Thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element contains a built-in part of the VE sections of the Heaters 1, feeding them a multiphase synchronous generator rotor 2 with the anchor windings 3 are placed on the same shaft 4 from rotating element and the stator 5 with the excitation winding 6 is stationary and the associated through the control unit 7 and unit setting mode 8 power supply 9.

PETN is OK job mode 8 determines the time of the on condition of the synchronous generator in dependence on the temperature.

In the absence of icing conditions unit setting mode 8 turns off the system protivoallergennye. In the presence of icing conditions unit setting mode 8 sets the required frequency of switching on and off of the system.

When you enable thermal anti-icing system block set 8 supplies power to the control unit 7, which supplies excitation current to the stator 5 of the synchronous generator. As a result, the generator is excited and generates a voltage in the armature windings 3, which is fed by the heating Elements 1.

When turning off the system unit setting mode 8 the excitation winding 6 is powered-down, generator resposbility and the power of the Heaters is terminated.

When the temperature of the environment block set 8 provides such a system uptime, which prevents the ice.

Since the operating temperature of the generator can change, will change and the resistance of its excitation winding 6. This will lead to a change of the excitation current, and hence to changes in the voltage of the generator. The operating conditions of the heating Elements is degraded, i.e., the degree of heating is proportional to the square of the supply is of the marked disadvantage of the need to ensure consistency of supply Heating voltage when the resistance of the field winding and the change in the value of the supply voltage. This can be accomplished as shown in Fig. 2.

The control unit 7 is designed as a current regulator that converts the variable voltage at its input to a constant current output. In this case, the change in the voltage of the power source 9 or the change in the value of the resistance of the field winding 6 has no effect on the generated synchronous generator voltage, which ensures optimal working conditions of the Heaters.

This system can be used where speed VE practically does not change, for example, in airplanes with windowancestor engines or helicopters. However, in most cases, there is a need to change the frequency of rotation of the screw, i.e., rotating elements, for example, to ensure the lowest noise level on the ground with race engines or the change of frequency of rotation of the screw when different materials of the helicopter, or change the speed of air flow plane. In this case, the change of frequency of rotation of the screw will cause changes in the speed of rotation of the rotor 2 of the generator, and consequently, change the value of the generated voltage, the lower the rotational speed of the generator requires Podarok excitation must be reduced to maintain the voltage constant.

The proposed thermal anti-icing system can work in such conditions, i.e. when changing the engine speed. For this system we have introduced the gauge of frequency of rotation of the screw 10 that is associated with a control unit 7, which is made in the form of a current regulator of the generator.

Thus, when increasing the rotation speed of the screws of the excitation current of the generator is reduced in inverse proportion to the frequency that provides stabilization generated by the synchronous generator voltage at a given level. Similarly, the decrease in the rotational speed VE causes an increase in the excitation current of the generator in proportion to the reduction in the frequency that maintains the output voltage of the generator at the required level.

The above system provides the heating Elements, built-in rotary element, when they are full health. In that case, if at least one heater denied ended or closed arises dangerous for all devices (aircraft, wind turbine and other) situation because of the failure of the Heater results in uneven chipping ice from the blades of the rotating element, which, in turn, leads to d is erator.

To eliminate this process in the proposed thermal anti-icing system entered the unit control system malfunction 11. The output of this block is connected to the input of the control unit 7, which disables him upon detection of a failure.

The unit control system malfunction may be made in the form of comparator values of the variable component of twice the frequency of the generator excitation current of the generator. One of the variants of its implementation is the comparator, containing the shunt 12 is connected in series with the stator 5 with the excitation winding 6, the bandpass filter 13, the bandwidth of which is equal to twice the frequency of the generator; a comparator 14, the operation level which is greater than the maximum value of the variable component of the excitation current of the generator during normal operation of the system at all speeds VE.

When in the generator or Electric malfunction, resulting in unbalanced mode dangerous uneven chipping ice from the rotating element, the flow of the reaction of the armature of the generator becomes unbalanced and can be decomposed into the direct flow sequence, rotating synchronously with the rotor 2 of the generator, and the flow of reverse povedenie emf. in the excitation winding 6 of the generator, because it is stationary relative to it. Flow reverse rotates relative to the excitation winding 6 with double frequency, which causes an excitation AC voltage double frequency. This voltage causes the variable component of the excitation current of the generator. The variable component of the excitation current of the generator passes through the band-pass filter 13 to the input of the comparator 14, which, actuating, disables the control unit 7, and the system is switched off.

The work of a thermal anti-icing system of the rotating element is described on the example of jet aircraft, when all the elements of the proposed design.

In conditions when there is no ice formation, block job mode 8 turns off the power source 9 from the control unit 7, and the generator resuslardan, heating Elements 1 is de-energized.

In conditions of ice formation block set 8 periodically activates and deactivates the control unit 7, providing optimal conditions spallation ice for a given temperature. When the unit 8 applies a voltage to the control unit 7, it converts the voltage into stabilizerexperience, you want to maintain the heating Elements, and the frequency of rotation of the screw. Under normal rotational speed of a rotor excitation current is set in such a way that maintains the nominal voltage on the Heaters.

When the resistance of the field winding due to the influence of the ambient temperature or heat generator, and when the power supply voltage source 9, the excitation current of the generator remains constant due to the action of the control unit 7, which provides a constant ampere-turns of generator excitation and, consequently, a constant output voltage of the generator. The control unit 7 may be configured as a current regulator excitation.

When changing the frequency of rotation of the rotor due to changes in flight conditions, for example at low frequencies, the signal from the speed sensor 10 is supplied to an additional input of the current regulator of excitation and causes an increase in the excitation current is proportional to the frequency decreases. In this regard, the voltage at the generator output remains unchanged.

With increasing frequency relative to the nominal excitation current decreases proportionally with the increase in frequency that obespechiyola voltage controlled current source, on the control input of which through the link that implements the hyperbolic function, the signal proportional to the frequency from the speed sensor 10. The power source 9 can be disengaged when the presence of a signal from block 11.

During normal operation, the system control unit malfunction in the system does not work, because its setpoint for the variable component of the excitation current of the generator.

In K. C. or breakages phases of the generator or Electric screw occurs in single-ended mode of operation of the generator. The asymmetry of the loading phase of the generator leads to an asymmetrical flow of the reaction anchor, which by the method of symmetrical components can be decomposed into the direct flow and the reverse flow sequence (for lack of a connection to the neutral of the generator 6 with neutral Heaters longitudinal asymmetry is not created, so the flow of zero-sequence reaction anchor does not exist). Stream direct sequence is rotated relative to the rotor of the synchronous generator with frequency and therefore fixed with respect to the stator of the generator, i.e., does not create a voltage in the field winding of the generator. Flow reverse rotates towards the rotor rotates at twice the frequency. This causes the variable component of twice the frequency in the excitation winding of the generator.

The appearance of the induced voltage in the field winding causes a corresponding ripple current excitation, which are caught by block 11 of failure detection. This unit provides an entire system down.

The present invention not only provides improved reliability and reduce maintenance costs by eliminating the brush-contact devices, but also can significantly reduce the energy consumption of de-icing system from the servo power supply. This is due to the fact that the power of the anti-icing system screw is several kVA, and power required for the excitation of the generator is several tens of watts.

In addition to the above, introduction to power the Electric generator allows you to set the number of phases is the same as the number of blades, which eliminates mandatory partitioning of the Heaters of the blades and their switching when the number of blades is not a multiple of three when the power is Supplied from three-phase network object. This greatly simplifies the system and increases its reliability.

1. Those who coefficients, built-in part of the rotating element, and associated with him through the block job mode power supply, characterized in that it is equipped with multi-phase synchronous generator, the rotor of which anchor windings are placed on the same shaft with the rotatable element, and a stator winding installed motionless, and the stator winding through the control unit, which is equipped with a system associated with the power source.

2. The system under item 1, characterized in that the control unit is made in the form of the stabilizer of the excitation current of the generator.

3. System PP.1 and 2, characterized in that it additionally introduced the gauge of frequency of rotation of the rotating element associated with the current regulator of the generator.

4. System PP.1 to 3, characterized in that it additionally introduced control unit fault system, located between the current regulator of the generator field and stator windings of the generator.

5. The system under item 4, characterized in that the control unit fault system in the form of comparator values of the variable component of twice the frequency of the generator excitation current of the generator.