The method of operation of ship power plants |
|
IPC classes for russian patent The method of operation of ship power plants (RU 2165375):
   
 The ship pulsed-jet propulsion / 2064878
The invention relates to jet propulsion and can be used for movement underwater, surface and aircraft
 Boat propulsion kashevarova, "ldk" / 2050307
The invention relates to shipbuilding and can be used for pleasure boats, sports, tourism and economic purposes
 Elektrogidroreaktivnogo ramjet engine / 2015061
The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular for ship propulsion plants
 Electrohydraulically engine / 2015060
The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular for ship propulsion plants
 Two-rotor water-jet engine / 2379213
Proposed engine comprises outer rotor to create outer liquid ring and inner rotor to create inner liquid ring that incorporates suction chamber and combustion chamber. Rotors rotational axes are located off center, while rotors run in one direction. When suction space stays in outer liquid ring low-pressure zone, it receives a portion of combustible mix. When said space displaces in high-pressure zone, said mix is forced into combustion chamber to be held by inner liquid ring. Ignition of compressed mix causes ejection of jet to start rotor running.
 Hydro-jet / 2452654
Hydro-jet comprises combustion chamber, expansion (hydraulic) chamber, hydraulic valve and nozzle assembly. Expansion chamber is arranged below water level. Combustion and expansion chambers are communicated via one or several valves.
 Water-jet propulsion complex / 2478060
Invention relates to ship water-jet propulsion complexes. Proposed complex comprises combustion chamber, expansion (hydraulic) chamber, hydraulic valve, nozzle block, fuel pump, fuel injector, spark plug, intake and exhaust valves, air and exhaust systems, turbo supercharger and air cooler. Expansion chamber is located below water level. Turbo supercharger is driven by energy of gases and, additionally, by motor.
|
(57) Abstract: The invention relates to power engineering and applies technologies gazogidrodinamicheskih propulsion of ships, electricity generation technologies and devices for pumping sea water in emergency situations. The method consists in applying to the working cylinder outboard water and hot gas. The slave cylinder is shaped and the ends of the nozzle. Water enters the cylinder when it is rarefied gas mixture. Water moves toward smaller pressure to the nozzle, releasing a free volume of the working cylinder. In this volume receives hot gas. The hot gas expands, simultaneously compressing and pushing the previous gas mixture through a nozzle, creating a jet thrust. Then the hot gas is mixed with the remaining sea water, forming a gas mixture by cooling and creating the necessary vacuum for entry into the working cylinder outboard water and hot gas. Gas can pre-adiabatically expanded in the power turbine. Outboard water and hot gas can flow into the cylinder in turn by rotating the spool. Outboard water through hydraulic pulsator to do in the situation the effective efficiency of ship power plants. 4 C.p. f-crystals, 1 Il. The invention relates to power engineering and can be used to drive the movement of the river and sea vessels, electricity generation, and in cases of emergency for pumping sea water from the ship's hull. Known gazoochistny mover (Muslin E. Machine of the 20th century.- M.: engineering, 1971, S. 206), which is a conventional turbojet engine with a gas turbine, jet stream which specially profiled channel is routed under the bottom of the vessel. Mixed with water, a jet of gas carries the formed emulsion and knocks her back, forming a jet thrust. The disadvantage of this jet engine is the low efficiency of the order of 10-14% (as mover efficiency is about 0.5, and the efficiency of the actual turbine engine-a gas turbine engine without regeneration - 20-28% (see Covic A. M. fundamentals of heat.- M.: Higher school, 1975, S. 321), i.e., the effective efficiency is equal to(20-28%)0,5 = 10-14%. Known combined-cycle power plant underwater vehicle (Alekseev, N. General heat.- M.: Vysshaya SHKOLA, 1980, S. 353, 471), which in steam boiler at a pressure of 25-30 bar burns a mixture of kerosene with air, as in the spool area distribution in the piston expansion machine double action, which rotates the propeller. The disadvantage of this setup is the low efficiency of the order of 10-15% (ibid, S. 471), as the main part of the energy of the hot gas is used to turn water into steam. In addition, due to the high pressure and temperature gas requires a large amount of auxiliary equipment (compressors, fuel pumps, spool valves piston expansion machine), which also increases the loss of gas. The purpose of the invention is the increased efficiency the efficiency of ship power plants. This objective is achieved in that the profiled working cylinder, ending with a nozzle, through a special distribution device receives the hot gas and fresh water, as from a nozzle is ejected gas mixture, creating a jet thrust. One of the options hot gas enters the working cylinder, for example from the combustion chamber, according to another variant of the hot gas enters the power turbine and then into the working cylinder. Depending on the concrete implementation outboard water and hot gas can be supplied to the working cylinder alternately through a revolving spool or through hydraulic multi invention is that fresh water enters profiled working cylinder, ending with a nozzle, which is discharged gas mixture moves toward smaller pressure to the nozzle, releasing a free volume of the working cylinder, which receives hot gas expands, simultaneously compressing and pushing the previous gas mixture through a nozzle, creating a jet thrust, then the hot gas is mixed with the remaining sea water, forming a gas mixture is cooled, creating a negative pressure required for admission into the working cylinder outboard water and hot gas. Workflow settings shipboard power plants (power, fuel consumption and so on) defined by the ratio of hot gas and sea water in the working cylinder, and a profile of the working cylinder and its size. The drawing shows thermodynamic cycle of operation of ship power plants on the proposed method. Process 1-2 - supply heat at constant pressure (this is possible by the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber). Process 2-2'-3 - expansion of hot gas, for example, after adiabatic combustion chamber. The options are: right to work is the development of gas in the working cylinder, for example Isobaric. Process 4-1 compression gas to atmospheric pressure with heat, such as isothermal. Ambient temperature:T1= 300 K (27oC) The ambient pressure: P1= 1 bar The maximum temperature of the cycle: T2= 1500 K (1227oC) Pressure, for example, in the combustion chamber is constant and equals atmospheric: P2=P1= 1 bar The temperature of the end of the adiabatic expansion: T3= 600 K (327oC) The pressure end of the adiabatic expansion: P3= 0,04 bar (from the adiabatic equation when K =1,4" - adiabatic) The temperature of the cooling gas is equal to (theoretically) ambient temperature: T4= T1= 300 K (27oC) The pressure of the cooling gas: P3= P4= 0,04 bar (from equation Isobaric process) Thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle , where q1= Cp(t2-t1) - Qty summed up the heat; Cp= 1,13 cdps/kgoC is the heat capacity at constant pressure in the range 30oC t 1200oC; q2= Cp(t3- t4) + RT4lnP1/P4- the quantity of heat; -ash hydraulic losses, for example, in the combustion chamberK= 0,95-0,98 taken to 0.96 (see Nigmatullin I. N. Heat engines.- M.: Higher school, 1974, S. 197). The efficiency of the thruster can be taken by analogy with hydro jet engineh d= 0,6-0,7 takeh d= 0,65 (Alekseev, N. General heat.- M.: Vysshaya SHKOLA, 1980, S. 532). Efficiency of a gas turbineg t= 0,65-0,8 take g t= 0,75 (Alekseev, N. General heat.- M.: Vysshaya SHKOLA, 1980, S. 452). Then the effective efficiency of ship power plants (a) under item 11yarticle=K.g dt= 0,960,650,54=0,34 or 34% b) under item 22yarticle=K.g dg tt= 0,65 0,96 0,54 0,75 = 0.25, or 25% The importance of effective efficiency of 34 and 25% in both cases is greater than that of the prototype (10-15%). The use of the proposed method of operation of ship power plants compared to existing provides the following benefits: 1) higher efficiency, thereby reducing operating costs (fuel, oil, and so on), to increase the radius of the vessel; 2) a more simple design (no need for compressors, fuel pumps, piston expansion machine), and the investigator is Mr. pressure, in case of emergency it can work in the mode of the suction pump and generator to produce electricity). 1. The method of operation of ship power plants by feeding sea water and hot gas in the working cylinder, characterized in that to increase the effective efficiency of sea water enters profiled working cylinder, ending with a nozzle, which is rarefied gas mixture moves toward smaller pressure to the nozzle, releasing a free volume of the working cylinder, which receives hot gas expands, simultaneously compressing and pushing the previous gas mixture through a nozzle, creating a jet thrust, then the hot gas is mixed with the remaining sea water, forming a gas mixture is cooled, creating the necessary vacuum for entry into the working cylinder outboard water and hot gas. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the hot gas pre-adiabatically expanded in the power turbine, and then is supplied to the working cylinder. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the outboard water and hot gas go into the working cylinder alternately through the rotary valve. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the outboard water and hot gas go into the working cylinder continuously through the ejector, and ejecting the medium is sea water.
|