|
Method to manufacture field-emission cathode Carbon material used is glass carbon. Formation of emitters on the cathode surface is performed by milling with focused laser radiation and subsequent laser treatment of the cathode structure surface. Application of the emitting structure on the surface of the cathode emitters is performed by laser micro-engraving to form a field of micro-points of pyramidal shape with subsequent cutting of the cathode base with focused laser radiation and laser treatment of emitting structures. |
|
|
Invention relates to electronic engineering. The method of making a MIM cathode includes depositing, on a substrate, a lower electrode, an insulator, a top electrode and moulding the structure. A nano-needle structure is formed on the lower electrode in form of columns with density of 5·10 cm-2 by electrochemical deposition of a metal through a pattern made of polymer film with through-pores. |
|
|
Process device for treatment of hollow cold cathode in gas discharge Process device for treatment of a hollow cold cathode in a gas discharge comprising a hollow cold cathode, an anode, located coaxially inside the cathode and equidistant from its surface, a glass vacuum-tight shell, in which the anode is made composite, the working part of the anode contacting with the gas discharge, is connected with its outer part, electrically contacting with the outer source of voltage or current, by means of a detachable joint, is made of the same material as the working surface of the cathode, treated with at least the same class of purity as the cathode, at the side of the inlet into the cathode is partially shielded by a dielectric located coaxially outside the anode. The non-shielded working part of the anode is located inside the cavity of the cathode and limited with maximum length not exceeding the length of the cathode. The treated cathode is fixed in the holder, which is electrically connected with a shunt to the cathode, besides, the shunt is in a vacuum tight manner mounted into a glass shell of the process device. |
|
|
Invention relates to lighting devices in radio engineering, particularly an ultraviolet quartz lamp, and can be used in ultraviolet devices and process systems which require an ultraviolet radiation source, for example electronics, spectroscopy and medicine. Said problem is solved due to that a lamp, whose envelope is made of quartz glass whose outer surface is coated with a selectively transmitting coating, is filled with an inert gas with a measured amount of mercury, with two electrode assemblies consisting of a combustion electrode and a starting electrode, wherein the combustion and starting electrodes are made of repeatedly coiled spiral with a coating which reduces the electronic work function, the electrode assemblies are turned by 180° relative to each other, the inner surface of the envelope of the lamp is coated with a protective coating, and the outer surface of the envelope the lamp of the electrode portion is further coated with a reflecting coating of zirconium dioxide. |
|
|
Electro-optical converter and method of producing video Invention relates to electronic engineering and more specifically to electro-optical converters. An electro-optical converter, configured to filter visible light in three selected wavelength ranges of red, green and blue colours (R, G, B), comprises a housing which is divided into an evacuated and a non-evacuated part with an input window which is in form of a fibre-optic plate, on the output surface of which there is a photocathode, and an output window, an electron-excited black and white CCD array placed inside the housing and whose back side faces the input window and insulated from optical radiation at the front side, an electron focusing system placed between the photocathode and the black and white electron-excited CCD array, a primary video signal generating unit, a video signal processing unit, a control panel and a visible image reproducing device in form of a microdisplay mounted in the output window of the housing. The input surface of the electro-optical converter has areas configured to filter visible red, green and blue light, and areas that are not configured to filter optical radiation, wherein areas configured to filter visible light are uniformly distributed on the input surface of the electro-optical converter among areas not configured to filter optical radiation. |
|
|
Cooling device using internal artificial jets Invention relates to a cooling device that uses artificial jets. The device (1) of the artificial jet cooling for cooling an object (5) comprises a converter (10) adapted so as to produce the waves of speed and a chamber (4) adapted with the ability to receive the waves of speed through the actuated opening (8). The chamber (4) is sufficiently large in order to create at the actuated opening (8) the inner artificial jet inside the chamber (4). In addition, the chamber (4) is made with the ability to contain an object (5), thereby enabling cooling of the object (5) by the inner artificial jet. This arrangement generally allows the multipurpose use of existing chamber comprising the object to be cooled and for its original purpose (e.g. a reflector in a lamp or a LED backlight module) and as a chamber for producing internal artificial jets therefore the cooling device typically requires virtually no extra space and weight and can be provided at low cost. |
|
|
Invention relates to quantum electronics and electronic engineering and can be used in devices with a scanning light beam. The laser electron-beam tube is in form of a vacuum flask with an exit optical window and has an electron-optical axis along which are series-arranged an electron source, electrode system for forming an electron beam and an active plate with a highly reflective coating on its first surface, which is mounted on a cold-conducting substrate. Electron-beam focusing and deflecting systems are placed outside the tube. The flask houses reflecting elements in form of a concave reflector with an optical axis and a flat reflector which, along with the highly reflective coating, form the optical resonator of the laser electron-tube beam with the active plate inside said resonator. The optical window of the flask is a flat reflector with a reflecting coating on the inner surface, which is highly reflective on part of said surface and partially transmitting on the other part of the surface for radiation of the active plate. |
|
|
Plasma generator and method of its control Invention is related to plasma engineering, namely, to plasma generators. The application describes a plasma generator comprising a body, which covers an ionisation chamber with at least one output hole in it, at least one connection entering the ionisation chamber for supply of working gas and at least one electric coil system covering at least a part of the ionisation chamber and electrically connected to a source of AC current of high frequency, from which to at least one coil of the coil system the AC current of high frequency is supplied, at the same time there is another source of current, from which to at least one coil of the coil system the DC or AC current of lower frequency is fed, compared to the AC current of high frequency from its source. |
|
|
Device for inspecting surface roughness Device has, mounted on a board, a three-axis precision table on which there is an X-ray tube which emits in the soft X-ray range, and an ion source for cleaning the target, a monochromator chamber in which there is a monochromator and a probing beam intensity monitor, and a chamber for analysed samples in which there is a five-axis goniometer. The monochromator chamber and the chamber for analysed samples are connected to each other through a first gate; the monochromator used is a spherical Schwarzschild lens; the monochromator chamber is connected to an ion pump and the chamber for analysed samples is connected in series through a second gate to turbomolecular and forevacuum clean pumps, respectively. |
|
|
Invention relates to production of vacuum photoelectronic devices and more specifically to the design of a photocathode assembly particularly for photoelectronic devices and electro-optical converters. The photocathode assembly of a vacuum photoelectronic device with a semitransparent photocathode comprises an input window made of sapphire with a heteroepitaxial structure of compounds of the type A3B5, grown on a monocrystalline substrate, a flange made of active metal, mounted on the periphery of the input window, which is made in form of a flat disc of sapphire. The heteroexpitaxial structure can be made in form of a GaN/GaAlN structure grown on said flat disc of sapphire, having a thickness of 0.5-0.7 mm. The active metal used can be titanium. The method of producing a photocathode assembly of a vacuum photoelectronic device with a semitransparent photocathode includes making a heteroepitaxial structure on a monocrystalline substrate and mounting said structure on an input window, the input window used being a flat disc of sapphire; fixing, active and buffer layers of a heteroepitaxial structure are successively grown epitaxially on the monocrystalline substrate; the heteroepitaxial structure is welded onto the sapphire material of the input window; the substrate and the fixing layer are selectively etched, after which a flange of active metal is welded onto the periphery of the input window. |
|
|
Proposed invention relates to electrical engineering, and namely to a method for obtaining a three-dimensionally structured semiconductor substrate for a field-emission cathode, and it can be used in different electronic devices: SHF, X-ray tubes, light sources, ion beam charge compensators, etc. Creation of a three-dimensionally structured semiconductor substrate, onto which an emitting film of field-emission cathodes is applied in the form of a microacicular quasi-regular cellular-spiking structure with an aspect ratio of at least 2 (the ratio of height of spikes to their height), allows improving emission performance of cathode, which is the technical result of the proposed invention. A semiconductor substrate for formation of the required microacicular structure on it is subject to photoelectrochemical etching in aqueous or nonaqueous electrolyte, thus changing modes of etching and illumination intensity. Besides, the invention proposes a structured semiconductor substrate for a field-emission cathode from crystalline silicon of p-type with conductivity of 1 to 8 Ohm*cm and a field-emission cathode itself with such substrate, which has increased emission characteristics. |
|
|
Invention relates to X-ray engineering and can be used in designing pulsed X-ray tubes for use in small-size X-ray equipment, particularly for medical diagnosis and treating diseases, as well as in other engineering fields. The pulsed X-ray tube comprises a metal housing in form of a hollow cylinder, one base of which is connected to the larger base of an insulator which is made in form of a hollow truncated cone and is placed outside the housing, and the other base of the housing is connected to an X-ray exit window and a cathode with an axially symmetric opening relative to the anode, made in form of a rod which changes into a cone and is directed towards the window, an anode lead which passes along the axis of the device in the cavity of the insulator and is connected to its smaller base. The vertex of the conical part of the anode is pointed at an angle of not more than 60° and is located below the cathode plane at a distance of not more than 2 mm. |
|
|
Assembly of electrovacuum instrument with field-emission cathode In an assembly of an electrovacuum instrument with a field-emission cathode, which is arranged inside a vacuum cover, includes at least one cell including a control electrode with potential UC, which is arranged on a dielectric plate, on which there formed in series is a dielectric layer and an emitter layer with potential UE, which form a multilayer field-emission structure, and an opposite plate with an anode having potential UA, the cell includes an additional control electrode with potential UC1, which is separated from the emitter with the dielectric layer, and a protective electrode with potential UP, which is separated from the additional control electrode with the dielectric layer, a system of capacitors of electric field intensity in the form of nanosized structures from conducting and/or dielectric material, which are located on the emitter surface free from the dielectric layer, with that, the control electrode is located outside the multilayer field-emission structure, potentials in the emission mode meet the system of set ratios, and space between control electrodes and anodes is a zone for formation of an electron stream and its transport from emitters to anodes. |
|
|
Device for creation of homogeneous variable magnetic field Invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used for creation of a homogeneous variable magnetic field. The device includes upper and lower Helmholtz coils and is provided with a laminated core, which has two cylindrical cavities with upper and lower end poles, in which Helmholtz coils are installed. A capacitor is connected to in-series connected Helmholtz coils, and power supply of the formed series circuit is performed by means of current of resonant frequency of the formed oscillating circuit. |
|
|
Nanocomposite gettering structure and method of its preparation Nanocomposite gettering structure is a silicon substrate with the centres of crystallisation on the surface, on which the layer of active metal or alloy with a developed surface is grown. |
|
|
Magnetron-type electron gun for generating helical electron beams with reflected electron trap Invention relates to electron guns of flight-type devices with tubular electron flow, coaxial to the axis of a resonator, e.g. gyrotrons. In an electron gun, having an axially symmetric cathode with an emitting band, an anode and a reflected electron trap, each trap electrode is in form of a helical edge, and the cathode is equipped with a cylindrical ferrule, the length of which is not less than the length of the edge of the trap. |
|
|
Method of determining energy spectrum of electrons in electron beam Method includes picking up continuous X-ray radiation from a portion of the surface of a solid body bombarded with electrons, measuring characteristics of the continuous X-ray radiation and determining energy distribution in the electron beam based on data on the continuous X-ray radiation; measuring, in any sequence, the energy spectrum of the continuous X-ray radiation of the investigated electron beam and the spectra of the continuous X-ray radiation of single-velocity beams generated in the same system in conditions of negligible electron energy spread in beams; measuring the energy spectra of continuous X-ray radiation for single-velocity electron beams at n discrete electron energy values in said beams; based on data on energy spectra of continuous X-ray radiation for single-velocity electron beams, calculating the kernel function of inverse integral transformation and determining energy distribution of electrons in the investigated beam by performing inverse integral transformation to obtain a kernel to a function which describes the spectrum of X-ray radiation of the investigated electron beam. |
|
|
Acceleration tube relates to X-ray equipment and can be used in a pulsed X-ray accelerator to obtain short, high-intensity X-ray flashes for detecting high-speed processes in optically dense media. The acceleration tube includes an acceleration tube insulator 1, an insulator container 2 and a sealed insulating housing 3 of the diode assembly of the acceleration tube with a radiation exit window, inside of which there is a vacuum which separates a cathode and an anode which is in form of a steel pipe 4. The cathode 5 is in form of a concentric ring with end-to-end grooves 8 between radial electrode projections 7, the number of which is less than three (a forced current distribution cathode). The anode is an anode rod 4 in form of a cone-shaped holder made of iron, with a spherical head 6 in form of a sphere made of tungsten. |
|
|
Hollow-cathode discharge-based high-frequency radiation generator (versions) Invention relates to high-frequency engineering and can be used in making high-frequency radiation generators. in the first version of the generator compared to a hollow-cathode discharge-based high-frequency radiation generator, having a gas-discharge chamber which includes a hollow cathode and an anode insulated from said cathode, a power supply connected to the hollow cathode and the anode of the gas-discharge chamber, a vacuum system linked to the working cavity of the chamber, wherein the electrodes of the chamber are connected in parallel to an electric load, in the disclosed generator the gas-discharge chamber is made such that the anode lies in the cavity of the cathode to form a coaxial waveguide line, wherein electrophysical parameters of the waveguide line are selected such that the gas-discharge chamber forms a resonance line. In particular, the length of the gas-discharge chamber can be a multiple of the quarter wavelength of the generated high-frequency pulse. In the second version of the generator compared to a hollow-cathode discharge-based high-frequency radiation generator, having a gas-discharge chamber which includes a hollow cathode and an anode insulated from said cathode, a power supply connected to the hollow cathode and the anode of the gas-discharge chamber, a vacuum system linked to the working cavity of the chamber, wherein the electrodes of the chamber are connected in parallel to an electric load, in the disclosed generator the gas-discharge chamber is made such that the anode lies in the cavity of the cathode to form a coaxial waveguide line, wherein the wave impedance of the coaxial waveguide line is matched with the wave impedance of the feeder from the gas-discharge chamber to the electric load and with the load resistance. |
|
|
Method of making photodetector array Invention relates to the technology of producing semiconductor photodetectors and can be used to design multielement photodetectors for various purposes. Producing a photodetector array from bulk material requires thinning the base region of an array photosensitive element to thickness of 10-15 mcm. The thinning process includes chemical-mechanical polishing to thickness of the base region of the photosensitive element of 80-100 mcm and chemical-dynamic polishing to final thickness. A photosensitive element with a thick base region is made with a peripheral region which is not coated with a dielectric coating on the front side of a chip with thickness of 200-300 mcm. Thinning completely eliminates a peripheral non-etched part of the dielectric coating on the front side of the array photosensitive element. |
|
|
Invention relates to cleaning surfaces of gas-filled discharge devices when coating materials with ions fed into the discharge space. The method includes feeding into an ionisation chamber a carborane-based working substance and powerful oxidising agents which react with products which contaminate the ion extraction system and/or the inner surface of the ionisation chamber and/or a component thereof, to form volatile compounds. The working substance used is carborane dicarboxylic acid (C4H12B10O4), in which atoms of powerful oxidising agents are embedded in the molecule of the working substance. During electric discharge, the powerful oxidising agents, upon being released from molecules of the working substance, react with products which contaminate the ion extraction system and/or the inner surface of the ionisation chamber and/or a component thereof to form volatile compounds. The volatile compounds are removed by vacuum pumping. |
|
|
Device of micrometeorite and space debris part registration Device of micrometeorite and space debris part registration includes substrate in the form of microchannel plate functioning as ion collector as well and connected to high voltage source, and microchannel plate anode is connected to amplifier connected to signal processing unit. |
|
|
Method of mdm-cathode manufacturing Method of MDM-cathode manufacturing is intended to increase a density of emission current and homogeneity of its distribution along the surface. A metal lower electrode based on a molybdenum film, then two layers of resistors where the pattern is generated by means of electron-beam lithography are deposited in sequence to a substrate, then a continuous film of molybdenum is sprayed. The nanofluidic structure is obtained by explosion of the resist mask in the form of pyramids with the base of 260 nm, vertex of 40 nm, height of 250 nm and density of 3·108 cm-2. |
|
|
Invention relates to electric engineering. A pulse image converter comprises a key block, including the first voltage converter 1, the first microcontroller 2, the second voltage converter 3, a pulse generator 4; a power supply unit, including the second microcontroller 5, an analogue-to-digital converter 6, the first and second digital-to-analogue converters 7 and 8, an amplifier 9, a microchannel plate amplifier 10, a display amplifier 11, a microchannel plate multiplier 12, a display multiplier 13, a photocathode multiplier 14; an evacuation unit, including a display 15, a microchannel plate 16 and a photocathode 17. The second voltage converter 3 provides high voltage for the pulse generator 4. While operating in a continuous mode the second voltage converter 3 is switched off thus saving energy of the external power supply unit. At that constant voltage of the photocathode is generated by means of the photocathode multiplier 14. The microchannel plate multiplier 12 generates high voltage for the pulse generator 4, which ensures active blockage of the photocathode gap while operating in the pulse mode. |
|
|
Pulsed X-ray tube comprises a metal housing in form of a hollow cylinder, one base of which is connected to the larger base of an insulator which is made in form of a hollow truncated cone and is placed outside the housing, and the other base of the housing is connected to an X-ray exit window and a cathode mounted on a holder, having axially symmetric openings relative to an anode which is made in form of a cylindrical rod which changes into a cone and is directed towards the window, an anode lead which passes on the axis of the device in the cavity of the insulator and is connected to its smaller base. The holder is in form of a cup, in the cylindrical part of which through-grooves are uniformly formed around its periphery and perpendicular to the bottom, said grooves changing into notches in the bottom of the cup; the cathode is made of polyacrylonitrile carbon fibres, arranged radially relative to the axis of the device and attached to the bottom of the cup, for example, by a thin metal ring using spot welding, wherein the faces of some ends of the polyacrylonitrile carbon fibres form a boundary of the cathode opening, and the other ends are clamped in notches between the bottom of the cup and the outer surface of the housing. |
|
|
Invention refers to X-ray equipment and can be used for the development of pulse-type X-ray tubes to be applied in small X-ray apparatuses. A pulse-type X-ray tube comprises a metal casing in the form of a hollow cylinder with one its base being connected to the greater base of an insulator which is made as a hollow truncated cone and set beyond the casing, and the other casing base being connected to a X-radiation output window and a cathode, a pointed anode passes through the hole in the centre of the cathode perpendicular to the latter in the direction to the window. The tube is fitted by the first protective shield presented as a cup formed by a hollow cylinder with one its base being connected to the casing and the other - to the greater base of the hollow truncated cone while the smaller base of the latter with a hole in the centre is turned to the smaller base of the insulator. The pointed anode terminal passes through the hole in the first protective shield to the insulator cavity and is connected to its smaller base. The second protective shield, for example, made as a disk, coaxial to the pointed anode and installed in the same volume with it with the volume being limited by the first protective shield, and diameters of the hole in the cathode D1, of the second protective shield D2, of the hole in the first protective shield D3, distance between the upper surface of the second protective shield and the plane of the cathode location S1, distance between the upper surface of the second protective shield and the outer surface of the smaller base of the hollow truncated cone at the first protective shield S2 are interrelated according to the following ratio (D2-D1)/S1≥(D3-D2)/S2, the cathode is made from the material having surface nanostructure, for example, from polyacrylonitrile carbon fibres set on a substrate and directed by the radius perpendicular to the device axis, the end faces of the carbon fibres form the border of the cathode hole and are fixed on the substrate by, for example, a metal disk in the form of a ring by spot welding. |
|
|
Accumulator battery with composite terminal lead Invention is related to power supply sources, in particular to self-contained power sources using accumulator batteries installed, for example, at vehicles that demand diagnostics and status control as well as protection from unauthorised access. Design of the claimed accumulator battery envisages placement of a pin contact integrated into the integrated circuit package of the unit, for example, of a control unit or diagnostics unit for the accumulator battery, inside the coupled part of the composite terminal lead capable to form an integral part of the whole. Interface with peripheral unit is ensured through data receipt and transmission bus without use of additional wires or datable connections, and additional terminal is not required at the accumulator battery jar. When installed at a vehicle the suggested accumulator battery together with the above control unit is an ideal antitheft device excluding possibility of unauthorised access to the control circuit. |
|
|
Invention relates to X-ray engineering. A radiation source (19) for generating X-rays for analysing an object (16) comprises a first carbon nanotube (1) on a first substrate (3) for emitting first electrons (28) and a second carbon nanotube (2) on a second substrate (4) for emitting second electrons (29); a target (13); a focusing unit (7, 9) for focusing first and second electrons on the target to generate first X-ray photons having a first trajectory (14) and second X-ray photons having a second trajectory (15). The focusing unit is adapted to be controlled such that the first and second trajectories spatially overlap before reaching the analysed object such that the trajectories of the first and second X-ray photons are distinguished from each other. |
|
|
Method for exposing human body pathologies to radiation and device for implementing same (versions) Group of inventions refers to medical equipment. When implementing the method, the pathology is exposed to ionising and thermal radiation simultaneously or sequentially through an output window of a radiation source, which is placed close to or on the surface of the pathology. A radiation flux is limited to a diameter of no more than the maximum size of the pathology; a radiation energy is specified depending on the pathology thickness as shown by the relation E~Kf(d), wherein d is the pathology thickness, K is a coefficient including the radiation penetration within the human body radiation area depending on the radiation energy. The pathology is exposed to the radiation for the pre-set period of time with the source thereafter cooled down, while a cooling intensity varies depending on a temperature of the output window of the radiation source. The versions of the device design represent an enclosed probe in the form of at least two coaxial gapped thin-walled tubes having distal and proximal ends. The probe accommodates the radiation source with a cathode or an anode consisting of a base and a target, an anode cooling system and a power supply unit. The anode is placed on the distal end of the probe. According to the first version of the device, the tube gap comprises the cooling system with a heat carrier, while the cavity formed by an internal tube accommodates the cathode enclosed in an electrical insulation layer. According to the other version of the device, the tube gap accommodates the cathode in the electrical insulation layer, while the cavity formed by the internal tube comprises the cooling system. |
|
|
Gas-discharge device contains opposed high-voltage (HV) electrodes separated by a discharge gap and installed in a sealed casing. A working section of at least one HV electrode is made as a layered metal structure of a basic high-conducting layer, a working metal layer and the second relative low-conducting metal layer placed on top of the basic layer surface, in a periphery, and the latter contacts the basic layer in the central part. The working section of the HV electrode is made of a high-conducting and erosion-resistant material, it has a diameter less than the basic layer, and it is connected axially symmetrical to the basic layer surface and has an electric contact with the low-conducting layer at the outer edge. The contact point with the second relative low-conducting metal layer in the central part is screened from discharge action by means of embedding, for example. The basic layer may be made with the working layer as the same part with different conductivity. The basic layer may be made as an inducer creating a magnet field when current passes, thus ensuring continuous movement of arc channels. |
|
|
Hybrid photosensitive circuit (hpc) Hybrid photosensitive circuit includes a diamond matrix photodetector, indium columns and a silicon multiplexer with sensitive sites arranged thereon in a staggered manner in form of a rectangular matrix and the number of which is equal to the number of indium columns. The matrix photodetector includes a diamond plate and an upper flat electrode lying thereon, as well as lower electrodes of sensitive elements of the matrix photodetector, the number of which is equal to the number of indium columns lying under the diamond plate. On the lower side of the diamond plate there are boron-doped sites arranged in a staggered manner; upper contact surfaces of odd or even lower electrodes are galvanically connected to the lower surface of the diamond plate, and the upper contact surfaces of the odd or even lower electrodes are galvanically connected the boron-doped sites. Lower contact surfaces of lower electrodes are galvanically connected through indium columns to sensitive elements of the silicon multiplexer. |
|
Electrovacuum shf-device of hybrid type, istron Electrovacuum SHF-device of hybrid type contains a cathode made as the assembly of individual emitting surfaces that form separate electron beams, a control grid made as the assembly of individual control grids, each of them is placed coaxially to the respective emitting surface and all these grids are fixed at the same metal mesh holder, a single-gap input resonator, an anode, drift tubes containing the assembly of individual transient channels parallel to the device longitudinal axis intended for passing individual electron beams, at that each channel corresponds to the respective emitting surface and a control grid, a collector, a single-gap output active resonator and external output passive resonator united into the system of coupled resonators. The coupling between the output active resonator and external output passive resonator is made by means of a device that represents an open loop placed in the cavity of the active resonator and connected to a cylindrical bushing placed in the capacity of the passive resonator so that its end plane is parallel to the end plane of the matching bushing placed at the narrow wall of the passive resonator. The open loop end is connected to a plate shaped as a circular segment, in the middle point of its length, so that the plate plane is parallel to the narrow wall of the active resonator, at that sizes of the plate are selected in order to ensure resonant frequency value for the loop per 10% lower than the upper limit of the device operating range. |
|
Electron beam gun contains a cathode pack which includes a casing, an insulator and a cathode. The cathode pack is installed at the intermediate casing. In the intermediate casing at the cathode pack side there is an anode and vacuum pipeline at the lateral side. The intermediate casing is installed at a flange of the focusing unit equipped with a heat exchanger and adapted for installation of a coil unit at the flange side. The heat exchanger is formed by a casing of the focusing unit with a spiral slot at its cylindrical surface and the housing. At the flange of the focusing unit there are pipe unions of the heat exchanger, feed channels and a channel for the coil unit outputs. Each cathode pack has a cover equipped with pipe unions placed at a lateral side of the cover. Fluoroorganic fluid is used in the cathode pack as an insulating heat medium. The cathode pack casing is connected to the intermediate casing by a hinge and clamps. |
|
Lighting unit with protective tube Invention relates to electrical engineering. The lighting unit consists of an elongated lamp (3) with cold cathode, the first and second wires (6, 9) connected to the lamp with cold cathode at its first and second ends (10, 11) respectively for connection to the power source or voltage source, and at least partially transparent cylinder (2) with the first and second ends (7, 8) intended for containment of the lamp with cold cathode. The technical result is attained due to the fact that the cylinder (2) is made as a whole part. Inside the cylinder there is a channel (5) with a solid side panel for the wire, at that the channel is configured so that the first wire (6) of the lamp (3) with cold cathode may be passed through it, and a channel (4) for the light source capable to receive the lamp (3) with cold cathode; moreover the above channels are placed between the first and second ends of the cylinder. |
|
Collector for o-type microwave vacuum-tube device Invention relates to vacuum-tube devices, particularly to collectors in travelling-wave tubes, multiple-beam klystron and klystrons which employ recuperation of kinetic energy of electrons coming out the electrodynamic system of the device. The collector has a housing, an insulator, a device for generating a transverse electric field and electrodes, wherein the housing is equipped with a multi-pin leg in form of a ceramic disc, and the device for generating a transverse electric field is placed in front of the electrodes and is in form of coaxially arranged ring and cylindrical cup. The electrodes form a double-row multi-section system, each section having an external electrode and an internal electrode with flat end surfaces and cylindrical side surfaces. The collector is also provided with an additional electrode which is in form of a disc and is placed behind electrodes of the last section, external and internal additional insulators in form of a washer and placed on both sides of each internal and external electrode, dielectric tubes and conductors. All electrodes and insulators, as well as the multi-pin leg are arranged coaxially, and the sizes of the outer diameters of the external electrodes, external additional insulators, the ring and the additional electrode are identical, wherein the external cylindrical surfaces of the additional electrode and the ring are connected to the internal surface of the insulator, and the electrodes and additional insulators have openings which form cylindrical cavities in which the dielectric tubes are inserted, said tubes having conductors inside them, which connect the ring, the cylindrical cup and each of the electrodes with the corresponding pin of the multi-pin leg. |
|
Device contains an ionising source chamber with the central opening, an ion inlet element, an ion-drift zone unit with the central tube of the chamber, a shield grid and Faraday disc, at that the ionising source chamber with the central opening, the ion inlet element, the ion-drift zone unit, the shield grid and Faraday disc are connected in series in front-to-rear direction. At that the ion-drift zone unit contains the first insulator and the first metal plates of electrodes fixed concentrically to the front and rear surface of the first insulator. The ion-drift zone unit contains the first insulator and the first metal plates of electrodes form an integral unit. |
|
Ion current recording unit in mass-spectrometric leak detector Ion current recording unit in mass-spectrometric leak detector is intended for operation as a component of helium leak detectors. The unit contains in vacuumised space an ion target (1) and an amplifier (2), from output of the latter an analogue signal comes to an analogue-to-digital converter (3) installed in the same space. The received digital signal comes to further processing outside the vacuumised space through a connector (4). |
|
Travelling-wave tubes (TWT) based on the principle of permanent long-term interaction of the electron stream with the travelling field in a non-resonance oscillation system can be used in different communications electronics equipment. TWT contains an electron gun, a slow-wave structure that consists of the circuit of coupled resonators with sealed dielectric partitions separating the slow-wave structure from SHF links, a focusing system as a number of electric or permanent magnets and a collector. The input and output resonators of the slow-wave structure are coupled with the wave-guide ducts through slots in the end walls. Matching with SHF wave-guide ducts is carried out due to increase in size of the coupling slots at the input and output resonators, change in their diameters and selection of angle α in the wave-guide ducts between the lower edge of the coupling slots and the opposite wall of the wave-guide duct and is made by calculation or by an experiment. |
|
Vacuum-arc generator with louver system of plasma filtration from particles Vacuum-arc generator with louver system of plasma filtration from particles contains a cooled cathode 1 in a shape of a blunted cone, an igniter electrode 3 installed at the conical surface of the electrode 1, a cylindrical cooled cathode 4 installed coaxially with the cathode 1, a vacuum-arc power supply unit 5 connected between the cathode 1 and anode 4, a power supply unit 6 of igniter electrode 3 connected by its negative output to the cathode 1, an axially symmetrical louver system of conical electrodes 7 inserted into each other and interconnected in series and in opposite, which are connected to a power supply unit 9 and positive output of the power supply unit 8, the latter is connected by its second output to the arc evaporator anode, over the anode, before and after the louver system there is at least one electromagnetic coil 10, 11, 12, and before the louver system of electrodes, in an axial alignment with it, there is an auxiliary cooled anode 13. In the centre of the cathode 1 there is an opening shaped as the opposite blunted cone in regard to the cathode external surface and electrodes 7 of the louver system are shaped as a conical multi-turn helix line. In the central part of the cathode, in the plane of the blunted cone with low diameter, there is a disc 2 of heat-resisting material. The louver system is a double-electrode system. The electrodes 7 of the louver system and the auxiliary anode 13 are made so that no working area of the cathode, including its conic surfaces, is visible directly from any point behind the louver system. The electrodes 7 have gaps of different length between the neighbouring turns of the conical helix line. |
|
Ignition device for arc sources Invention relates to an ignition device for igniting a high-current discharge of an electrical arc evaporator in a vacuum coating system. Ignition is performed by mechanically closing and opening a contact between the cathode and the anode. Contact is established by an ignition finger that can move on a forced path. Through the forced path, the ignition finger can be moved by a simple mechanical drive to a waiting position, which is protected against coating, and can also be used to ignite a second target. |
|
Field emission method and system Invention relates to magnetic field emission systems used in devices which provide precision movement and positioning of objects containing electric or magnetic field sources. Values, polarity and position of magnetic or electric field sources are made such that they have the required correlation properties which may conform to a code. The correlation properties correspond to the required function of spatial forces, where spatial forces between field emission structures match correspond to relative alignment, a gap and a function of spatial forces. |
|
High-vacuum station for vacuum tubes pumping out High-vacuum station for vacuum tubes pumping out contains a protective enclosure and a vacuum system for pumping out that includes a turbomolecular pump and a dry forepump. Metal cooled walls of the enclosure are divided vertically into two parts by a sealing gasket, one part is movable. On the basis of the fixed part there is an adjuster for vacuum tubes fixation and this adjuster can move with respect to three coordinates. Heaters with independent power supply units are located along the enclosure walls. At the enclosure top there is a collector for nitrogen supply. At the basis there is a manual valve for nitrogen flow control. The vacuum pumping out system is connected to the device through a heated valve. The vacuum pumping out system may be based on a dry spiral forepump. |
|
Sharp-focus pulsed X-ray tube with high longevity, which provides focal spot diameter of not more than 1.5 mm, is made owing to that, in an existing pulsed X-ray tube having a metal housing in form of a hollow cylinder, one base of which is connected to the large base of an insulator, made in form of a hollow flattened cone and placed outside the housing, and the other base of the housing is connected to a window for outputting X-rays and a cathode with an axially symmetric opening relative the anode, made in form of a cylindrical rod which passes into the housing, e.g. with a rounded top, and directed towards the window, an anode lead passing on the axis of the device in the cavity of the insulator and connected with its small base coaxial to the first cathode, placed in the immediate vicinity of the top of the anode, includes a second cathode lying below the first cathode and having an axial opening through which the conical part of the anode passes towards the window, wherein the diameter of the second cathode is equal to the diameter of the opening D of the first cathode, and the distance between the cathodes is selected such that the diameter of the cross-section of the anode d of the plane of the second cathode exceeds the diameter of the base, e.g. the rounded top d1 of the anode, by not more than 1 mm, the ratio of the diameter of the cross-section of the anode d of the plane of the second cathode to the diameter D of the opening therein is in the range of 0.37±25%, and the angle of the conical part of the anode α lies in the range from 10° to 20°. |
|
Invention relates to microwave engineering. Travelling-wave tubes, which are based on the principle of continuous prolonged interaction of an electron stream with the field of a travelling electromagnetic wave in a non-resonant oscillatory system, can be used in different electronic equipment. The travelling-wave tube has an electron gun, a retarding system consisting of a chain of connected resonators, input and output waveguides with dielectric sealing partitions which separate the vacuum retarding system from non-vacuum microwave channels, a focusing system in form of electrical or permanent magnets and a collector. The retarding system is divided into multiple sections in which there are no absorbing devices and which are connected to each other though waveguide sections in which there are decoupling devices, which enable microwave power to pass in the forward direction and not in the reverse direction. |
|
Method of making negative electron affinity photoemitter for infrared region Invention relates to emission- and nano-electronics and can be used in designing and producing second-generation photoelectronic converters and negative electron affinity emitters for infrared devices. The method of making a negative electron affinity photoemitter for the infrared region involves heating the surface of a substrate (base) made of doped gallium arsenide with hole conductivity (p-GaAs), lowering the temperature to room temperature, alternately spraying caesium and oxygen atoms onto the surface of the substrate and measuring photoemission current from the surface. The substrate is heated until concentration of arsenic on the surface increases more 1.5 times; composition of the surface is then fixed by sharply lowering temperature of the substrate to room temperature; caesium and oxygen atoms are then alternately sprayed in doses of monolayer fractions until a caesium film with a monoatomic thickness forms; the emitter is then placed in the atmosphere of an inert gas for a few minutes. |
|
Sintered non-evaporating getter Invention relates to getter materials and particularly to sintered non-evaporating getters, and can be used in vacuum engineering and microelectronics, particularly in discharge devices. The sintered non-evaporating getter comprises three layers, wherein the first and third layers are made of titanium-vanadium alloy powder in ratio of 70:30 wt %, the second layer is made of a mixture of said alloy powder and intercalated carbon in ratio of (80:20)-(99:1) wt %, thickness of the first and third layers is 20-200 times the average particle size of the alloy powder, thickness of the second layer is 1-6 times the thickness of the first or third layer, the active area of the layers is equivalent to at least 50 times the geometrical area of the getter, wherein the porosity of the sintered getter is 30-60%. |
|
Cooling plant for lighting device Invention relates to cooling systems, in particular, for cooling of lights. A cooling plant (100) is proposed, which comprises a source electrode (102), the first and second electrodes-targets (104, 106), arranged at the distance from the source electrode (102), and a control circuit for control of voltage applied between the source electrode (102) and at least one of the first and second electrodes-targets (104, 106). Voltage is controlled in such a manner that they adjust air flow produced as a result of potential difference between the source electrode (102) and at least one of the first and second electrodes-targets (104, 106), so that their direction changes in turns. With the help of invention one may provide for cooling of a device, having similar or better operating characteristics compared to a regular system with heat release and a fan, but with smaller dimensions and weight, and also with absence of noise. |
|
Device for precipitation of metal films Invention relates to vacuum-plasma technology, namely to sources of metal atoms, mainly for precipitation of thin metal films in dielectric substrates in vacuum chamber, and to sources of fast atoms and molecules of gas. Installation contains vacuum chamber 1, emission grid from precipitated metal 2, hollow cathode 3, anode 4, source of discharge power supply 5, source of accelerating voltage 6, target 7 from foil of precipitated metal, which covers internal surface of cathode 3, holder 8 of substrates, covered from inside with screen 9 from foil of precipitated metal, and source of bias voltage 10, which makes it possible in case of constant flows of metal atoms and fast gas atoms to regulate the energy of the latter from zero to 1000 eV. |
|
Device for target ionic sputtering and/or object surface processing and method of its application Invention relates to surface processing. Proposed device comprises circular source of ions to form ion beam propagating in gap between two conical surfaces conditionally inserted one into another, in direction from ion source to object holder (target). Generating lines of said surfaces and common axis of cones make different angles, their common base being aligned with circle confined by circular outlet slot of circular ion source. Besides, this device comprises object holder or target that can revolve, incline and be temperature controlled. Spacing between ion source and target holder can be varied by preset program. Note here that ion beam shape described above allows varying the area and sizes of the surface irradiated by ions. |
|
Compact fluorescent lamp, having a discharge tube and a base with a control unit, according to the invention, is provided with a vessel with a demercuriser placed in the base, one end of the tube is open and connected to the opening of the vessel, tightly closed by a plug made of low-melting material; the vessel is provided with a heating element placed in the low-melting material and connected by an electrical circuit to a control unit through a button for closing the decontamination triggering contact. |
Another patent 2513945.