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Device has two elements that are movable relative each other, the first element (10) having at least one mark (16), and the second element (11) is fitted with a pair of photocells (17, 18) for detecting the mark (16), wherein the dimensions of the mark (16) are such that it cannot be detected by any of the two photocells (17, 18) or it can be detected by only one photocell (17, 18) or by both photocells (17, 18). The length of the zone of the second element (11), having a pair of detection photocells (17, 18), is shorter than the length of the mark (16). The lengths are measured in the direction of relative displacement of the two elements (10, 11), and the tolerance of the length of the mark is in the range from the minimum length, equal to the length of the zone, to the maximum length of the mark, which does not depend on the length of the zone and depends on the number of increments of the encoding device. |
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Optical complementary fuzzy set computer Optical complementary fuzzy set computer, having a coherent radiation source, an optical Y splitter, a first optical n-output splitter, a linear transparency filter, an optical phase modulator, a second optical n-output splitter, a group of optical Y couplers, a square-root extractor, includes n photodetectors, (n-1) square-root extractors. |
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Optical nanoselector of minimum and maximum signals Optical nanoselector has 2 optical sources of a constant signal, n input optical nano-waveguides, n pairs of telescopic nanotubes, (n+3) optical n-output nano-waveguide splitters, (n+2) optical n-input nano-waveguide couplers, an optical three-output nano-waveguide splitter and an optical subtracting nano-unit. |
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Optical minimum signal nanoselector Optical minimum signal nanoselector, having a first optical subtracting nano-unit, includes a second optical subtracting nano-unit, two optical nanowaveguide Y-splitters and two optical nanowaveguide Y-couplers. |
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Optical minimum signal nanoselector Optical minimum signal nanoselector, having telescopic nanotubes, an optical constant signal source, input optical nanowaveguides, also includes two optical n-output nanowaveguide splitters, an optical n-input nanowaveguide coupler and an optical nanowaveguide Y-splitter. |
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Optical nano T flip-flop, having two pairs of telescopic nanotubes, a constant signal source, also includes an input optical nanowaveguide Y-splitter, five optical nanowaveguide Y-splitters and three optical nanowaveguide Y-couplers. |
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Optical fuzzy set d-disjunctor Optical fuzzy set D-disjunctor, having a radiation source, a first linear transparency filter, a first optical n-output splitter, a pair of optically connected waveguides, also includes a second optical n-output splitter, a second linear transparency filter, a group of n subtractors, each having two optical Y-splitters, three optical Y-couplers, two pairs of optically connected waveguides, two photodetectors, two electrooptic deflectors, a radiation source, an optical three-output splitter, a NAND logic element, a piezoelectric element and a third pair of optically connected waveguides, integrated into the piezoelectric element. |
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Optical maximum signal nanoselector Optical maximum signal nanoselector consists of an optical subtracting nanounit, two optical nanowaveguide Y-splitters and three optical nanowaveguide Y-couplers. |
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Optoelectronic fuzzy processor Optoelectronic fuzzy processor, having a minimum signal selector, also includes m×n optoelectronic fuzzification units, m-1 minimum signal selectors, m optoelectronic activation units and an optoelectronic defuzzification unit. |
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Optoelectronic defuzzificator, having a radiation source, transparency filters, an optical Y splitter, also includes n-output splitters, photodiodes and phototransistors. |
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Optical fuzzificator, having a minimum signal selector, also includes a radiation source, an optical n-output splitter, a first linear transparency filter, a second linear transparency filter, a resistor optocouple, a unit voltage source, a resistor and an inverting operational amplifier. |
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Optoelectronic fuzzy processor Optoelectronic fuzzy processor, having a minimum signal selector, also includes m×n optoelectronic fuzzification units, m-1 minimum signal selectors, m optoelectronic activation units and an optoelectronic defuzzification unit. |
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Optoelectronic defuzzificator, having a coherent radiation source, an optical n-output splitter, a transparency filter, also includes n optical Y splitters, a second transparency filter, two optical integrators with a definite integral function, a photodiode, a photoresistor, a resistor an inverting operational amplifier. |
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Optical fuzzificator, having a minimum signal selector, also includes a radiation source, an optical n-output splitter, a first linear transparency filter, a second linear transparency filter, a field-effect transistor with a control p-n junction and a unit voltage source. |
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Optimum parameter optical computer Apparatus has a source of coherent radiation, an optical three-output splitter, an optical k-output splitter, a group of k optical amplitude modulators, a group of k optical n-output splitters, an optical phase modulator, a k×n-output splitter, a k×n matrix transparency filter, k groups of n optical Y-couplers, n groups of k photodetectors, a group of n current-to-voltage converters, a minimum signal selector, a group of n electric signal substractors, an optical n-output splitter, a linear transparency filter, a group of n pairs of optically coupled waveguides, integrated into corresponding piezoelectric elements, a group of n piezoelectric elements and an optical n-input coupler. |
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Optical defuzzificator, having an optical indefinite integrator and coherent radiation source, wherein said defuzzificator also includes an optical Y-splitter, first and second optical n-output splitters, first and second linear transparency filters, a group of n optical Y-splitters, a group of n optical phase modulators, a group of n optical Y-couplers, a group of n photodetectors, a group of n piezoelectric elements, a group of n pairs of optically coupled waveguides and an optical n-input coupler. |
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Optical computer of fuzzy connection of fuzzy sets Device comprises a selector of minimum signal, a radiation source, an optical Y-coupler, two optical k×n-output couplers, two matrix optical transparents of k×n dimension, k groups of n optical Y-combiners, k groups of n blocks of intensity ratings, k groups of optical n-input combiners. Each unit of intensity rating comprises an optical bistable element, an optical Y-coupler, an optical Y-combiner. |
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Optoelectronic defuzzification apparatus In an optical defuzzification apparatus, having a source of coherent radiation, an optical n-output splitter, a transparency filter, also includes n optical Y-splitters, a second transparency filter, two optical integrators with a definite integration function, a photocell, a photoresistor; the output of the source of coherent radiation is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, each output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the first transparency filter; the outputs of the first transparency filter are connected to corresponding inputs of the n optical Y-splitters, the first outputs of which are connected to corresponding inputs of the second transparency filter, and the second outputs are connected to corresponding inputs of the second optical integrator; the outputs of the second transparency filter are connected to corresponding inputs of the first optical integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the photocell; the output of the second optical integrator is connected to the input of the photoresistor; the photocell and the photoresistor are connected in series; the leads of the photoresistor are the output of the device. |
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Optical boundary disjunctor for fuzzy sets Device has a radiation source, two linear transparency filters, three optical n-output splitters, an optical three-output splitter, a group of n units for calculating the result, each having two optical Y-couplers, two pairs of optically connected waveguides, a photodetector and a piezoelectric element in which a second pair of optically connected waveguide is integrated. |
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Optical continuous (fuzzy) set conjunctor Optical continuous (fuzzy) set conjunctor, having a transparency filter, an optical splitter, a pair of optically connected waveguides, also has m groups of k optical flux spatial distribution units, k groups of n optical m-input couplers, k groups of n intensity normalisation units, k optical n-input couplers; the optical continuous (fuzzy) set conjunctor has m inputs, the p-th input of the optical continuous (fuzzy) set conjunctor is the outputs of the optical flux spatial distribution units of the p-th group of k optical flux spatial distribution units (p=1,2,…,m). |
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Optical fuzzy set d-conjunctor Device has a radiation source, two linear transparency filters, first and second optical n-output splitters, a pair of optically connected waveguides, an optical Y splitter, a first group of (n-1) optical waveguides, two groups of n transparency filters, two groups of n optical Y splitters, three groups of n optical Y couplers, two groups of n photodetectors, two groups of n electrooptic deflectors, a second group of n pairs of optical waveguides, a group of n intensity normalisation units, each having an optical bistable element, an optical Y splitter and an optical Y coupler. |
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Optical algebraic fuzzy set coupler Optical algebraic fuzzy set coupler, having a radiation source, a first linear transparency filter, a first optical k-output splitter, an optical k-input coupler, a pair of optically connected waveguides, also includes an optical Y coupler, a group of k optical Y splitters, a group of k optical Y couplers, two groups of k optical flux spatial distribution units, a second optical k-output splitter, a second linear transparency filter, a group of k optical waveguides, k groups of n optical Y couplers, k groups of n pairs of optically connected waveguides and (k-1) optical n-input couplers. |
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Optical computing device for calculating difference between continuous sets Device has a first radiation source with wavelength λ1, a first transparency filter, a first optical k×n-output splitter, optically connected waveguides, a second radiation source with wavelength λ2, a second optical k×n-output splitter, k groups of n optical Y-couplers, k optical n-input couplers, a second transparency filter and k optical dispersing elements. |
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Optical computing device for calculating function difference Device has two radiation sources with wavelength λ1 and λ2, first and second transparency filters, first and second optical k×n-output splitters, optically connected waveguides, k groups of n optical Y-couplers and k optical n-input couplers. |
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Optical disjunctor for continuous (fuzzy) sets Device contains m groups of k units for spatial distribution of optical flux, each consisting of a photodetector, a radiation source, an electrooptic deflector, a group of n optical waveguides, a linear transparency filter, a group of n optical j-output splitters and a group of n optical (n-j+1)-input couplers, k groups of n optical m-input couplers, k groups of n intensity normalisation units, each consisting of m-1 pairs of optically connected waveguides, m-1 transparency filters and an optical m-input coupler and k optical n-input couplers. |
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Optical fuzzyfication apparatus, having a minimum signal selector, also includes a radiation source, an optical n-output splitter, a first linear transparency filter, a second linear transparency filter, a resistive optocoupler, a stable current generator; the output of the radiation source is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, whose outputs are connected to corresponding inputs of the first linear transparency filter, the outputs of which are connected to corresponding inputs of a second linear transparency filter, each output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the minimum signal selector; the output of the minimum signal selector is connected to the input of the resistive optocoupler, the resistor of which is connected in series in the circuit of the stable current generator, and the output of the resistive optocoupler is the output of the device. |
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Optical boundary disjunctor for fuzzy sets Optical boundary disjunctor for fuzzy sets, having a minimum signal selector, also includes a radiation source, an optical three-output splitter, a first optical n-output splitter, a first linear transparency filter, a second optical n-output splitter, a second linear transparency filter, a third optical n-output splitter, a group of n result calculating units, each having an optical Y-coupler, a minimum signal selector and a light-emitting diode. |
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Optical function calculator based on number modulus Optical function calculator based on the modulus of a number, having a pulsed radiation source, an optical k×n-output splitter, a k×n matrix transparency filter, an optical m-input coupler (m is proportional to the modulus of the number), a pair of optically connected waveguides, also includes k groups of m optical fibre parallel-to-series converters, (k-1) optical m-input couplers, (k-1) pairs of optically connected waveguides and k photodetectors. |
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Optical calculator of symmetrical difference in continuity Proposed calculator incorporates additionally optical Y-splitter, k groups of n optical Y-combiners, k groups of optical n-input combiners, radiation source output is connected to input of optical Y-splitter with its first output connected to input of first optical kxn-input splitter, second output of optical Y-splitter is connected to input of second optical k×n-input splitter, ij-th input of (i=1,2, …k; j=1,2, …n) first optical k×n-output splitter is connected to ij-th input of first matrix optical transparency of k×n size with its ij-th output connected to first input of ij-th optical Y-combiner, ij-th output (i=1, 2, …k; j=1, 2, …n) of second optical k×n-output splitter is connected to ij-th input of second matrix transparency of k×n size with its ij-th output connected to second input of ij-th optical Y-combiner, output of ij-th optical Y-splitter is connected to input optical waveguide of ij-th pair of optically connected waveguides. First output of said pair is absorbing output while second output of ij-th pair of said waveguides is connected to j-th input of i-th optical n-input combiner, their outputs making device outputs. |
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Device has a constant optical signal source, an optical nanofibre Q-output splitter, an optical nanofibre Q-input coupler, two extensible nanotubes, input optical fibre, an optical nanofibre P-output splitter, an optical nanofibre N-input feedback coupler. |
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Optical or gate for fuzzy sets Device has m groups of k photodetectors, m coherent radiation sources, m 2k-output optical splitters, m groups of k optical amplitude modulators, m groups of k optical phase modulators, m groups of k optical Y-couplers, k minimum signal selectors, k square-root extractors and k subtracters. |
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Nanoadder has first and second optical nanofibres, an output optical nanofibre, an optical nanofibre coupler, an optical nanofibre N-input coupler, two extensible nanotubes, two constant optical signal sources and an optical nanofibre N-output splitter. The output of the second source is connected to the input of the N-output splitter, whose outputs are optically connected to inputs of the N-input coupler. The output of the first source is connected to the input of the first nanofibre, whose output if optically connected to the input of the second nanofibre, the output of which is optically connected to the input of the output nanofibre. The extensible nanotubes lie between the output of the coupler and the output of the N-input coupler on the propagation axis of their output optical signals. In the initial position, the inner nanotube breaks the optical connection between the output of the first nanofibre and the input of the second nanofibre and between outputs of the N-output splitter and inputs of the N-input coupler. |
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Device has first and second optical nonofibres, an output optican nanofibre, an optical nanofibre N-input coupler, two constant optical signal sources and two extensible nanotubes. Outputs of the first and second sources are connected to inputs of the first and second optical fibres, respectively. The output of the first nanofibre is optically connected to the input of the output nanofibre. The extensible nanotubes lie between the output of the coupler and the output of the second nanofibre on the propagation axis of their output optical signals such that in the outermost left-sided position, the inner nanotube breaks the optical connection between the output of the first nanofibre and the input of the output fibre. |
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Optical and gate for continuous sets Device has a radiation source, an optical Y-splitter, two optical k×n output splitters, two matrix transparency filters, k groups on n optical Y-couplers, k groups on n pairs of optically connected waveguides, k groups on n transparency filters, k optical n-input couplers. |
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Optical or gate for continuous sets Device has a radiation source, an optical Y-splitter, two optical k×n output splitters, two matrix transparency filters, k groups on n optical Y-couplers, k groups on n intensity normalisation units, k optical n-input couplers. |
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Optical analogue nano-multiplexer Nano-multiplexer has M input optical nanofibres, M optical nanofibres, an optical M-input nanofibre coupler, two extensible nanotubes, a constant optical signal source, an optical nanofibre N-output splitter, control optical nanofibre and an optical nanofibre N-input coupler. The extensible nanotubes lie between the output of the control optical nanofibre and the output of the optical N-input nanofibre coupler such that in the outermost left side position, the inner nanotube breaks optical connections between outputs of the N-output optical nanofibre splitter and inputs of the N-input optical nanofibre splitter, as well as optical connections between outputs of the M input optical nanofibres and inputs of the M optical nanofibres. |
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Invention can be used in information processing optical devices when designing optical computers and transceiving devices, which enable information processing in the tera- and gigahertz range. The device has four optical nanofibres, two optical nanofibres of a coupler, an optical nanofibre four-output splitter, two extensible nanotubes, two sources of constant optical signal, an optical nanofibre N-output splitter, an input optical nanofibre three-input coupler and an optical nanofibre N-input coupler. |
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Optical phasification apparatus Optical phasification apparatus has a source of coherent radition, an optical Y-splitter, a first n-output splitter, a first linear transparency filter, a second linear transparency filter, an optical phase modulator, a group of Y-couplers, a second n-output splitter, a minimum signal selector, a square-root extractor and a subtractor. |
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Apparatus includes an optical Y-splitter, a first optical n-output splitter, a first linear transparency filter, a group of optical Y-splitters, an optical defined integrator, a second linear transparency filter, an optical phase modulator, an optical n-output splitter, a group of optical Y-couplers, a group of photodetectors, a group of piezoelectric elements, a second optical n-output splitter, a third linear transparency filter, a group of pairs of optically linked waveguides, an optical n-input coupler. The output of a coherent radiation source is connected to the input of the first optical Y-splitter, whose output is connected to the input of the first optical n-output splitter, and the second output is connected to the input of the second optical n-output splitter, outputs of the first optical n-output splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the first linear transparency filter, whose outputs are connected to inputs of the corresponding optical Y-splitter, second outputs of the optical Y-splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical undefined integrator, and the first outputs of the optical Y-splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical defined integrator, the output of which is connected to the input of the second linear transparency filter, whose output is connected to the input of the optical phase modulator, whose output is connected to the input of the optical n-output splitter, whose outputs are connected to first inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, and the outputs of the optical undefined integrator are connected to second inputs of the corresponding optical Y-couplers, whose outputs are connected to inputs of the corresponding photodetectors, whose outputs are connected to control inputs of corresponding piezoelectric elements, outputs of the second optical n-output splitter are connected to corresponding inputs of the third linear transparency filter, whose outputs are connected to inputs of corresponding first optical waveguides of the group of optically linked waveguides, which are integrated into corresponding piezoelectric elements, outputs of the first optical waveguides of the group of optically linked waveguides are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical n-input coupler, and outputs of the second optical waveguides of the group of optically linked waveguides are absorbing outputs, the output of the optical n-input coupler is the output optical dephasing apparatus. |
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Optical device for determining input number of device on having zero level signal Optical device for determining the input number of a device having a zero level signal has a radiation source, an n-output splitter, a linear transparency filter, electrooptical deflectors and optical coupler. The linear transparency filter can generate light flux with intensity proportional to its input number. Data inputs of the electrooptical deflectors are connected to outputs of the linear transparency filter. Control inputs of the electrooptical deflectors are inputs of the device, and their outputs are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical n-input coupler whose output is the output of the device. |
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Optoelectronic dephasing apparatus Optoelectronic dephasing apparatus has a coherent radiation source, a transparency filter, optical Y-splitters, as well as an optical three-output splitter, three optical n-output splitters, a second transparency filter, two groups of n pairs of optically connected waveguides, two groups of n photodetectors, two groups of n piezoelectric elements, an optical differentiator, a group of Y-couplers, a minimum signal selector. |
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Optoelectronic dephasing apparatus Device has two series-arranged Fourier transformation systems and an operational spatial filter, which form an optical indefinite integrator, a coherent radiation source, whose output is connected through a linear transparency filter to inputs of corresponding optical Y-splitters, whose second outputs are connected to corresponding inputs of the optical indefinite integrator, and first outputs of the optical Y-splitters are connected through series-connected optical indefinite integrator and second linear transparency filter to the input of an optical phase modulator, whose output is connected through an optical n-output splitter to first inputs of optical Y-couplers, outputs of the optical indefinite integrator are connected to second inputs of optical Y-couplers, whose outputs are connected through series-connected photodetectors and null indicators to inputs of an encoding device, whose outputs are the output of the device. |
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Optical analogue-to-digital nanoconverter Nanoconverter has a constant optical signal source, an optical nanofibre Y-junction divider, two optical nanofibre N-output dividers lying in mutually perpendicular planes, two telescopic nanotubes, an input optical nanofibre, an optical N-input nanofibre coupler and a group of N optical nanofibres. The telescopic nanofibres are arranged such that in the extreme left position the inner nanotube breaks optical connection between outputs of the first N-output optical nanofibre divider and inputs of the N-input optical nanofibre divider, as well as optical connection between outputs of the second N-output optical nanofibre divider and inputs of the group of N optical nanofibres whose outputs are outputs of the device. |
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Optical out-of-band distribution of keys Invention is related to the field of data coding. The system of out-of-band communication includes track of coded data, which is configured for transportation of coded data. System of out-of-band communication includes optical out-of-band channel, which is physically separated from track of coded data. Track of coded data passes between optical transmitter and optical receiver. Optical out-of-band channel is configured for transmission of information on keys from optical transmitter to optical receiver. |
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Optical computing machine contains optical processor, consisting of optical arithmetic and logical unit, optical controlling device, optical multiplexers, optical block for accelerated digital computations, optical block for polychromatic digital-analog transformations, optical block for accelerated matrix and nonlinear transformations, optical block for resolving differential equations, optical block for statistical analysis and matrix optical analog-digital converter, optical input-output device, optical random-access memory, optical controlled clock generator. |
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Optical digital computer "alex verb" Computer contains memory blocks, optical input/output interfaces, common system interface, optical processor block, optical associative processor block, optical digital signaling processor block, optical input/output interfaces of optical interface network of computer periphery, optical interface network of computer periphery. |
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Optical associative search processor Processor has external memory control block, local memory block, micro-program control block, control memory block, processor control block, optical matrix common system bus, cash memory blocks, multi-channel optical associative correlator blocks, optical space-variable connection blocks, logical element blocks, optical block for input/output of processor signals, external main for input/output of processor signals, internal optical main for input/output of processor signals, local input/output buses, optical input/output blocks, optical input/output buses, optical blocks for decoding input/output signals, local communication buses connected to matrix optical common system bus. |
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Processor has external memory control block, local memory block, micro-program control block, control memory block, optical common system bus, cash memory blocks, blocks for executing arithmetic-logical floating point operations, conveyor operation blocks, processor control block, optical block for processor signals input/output, inner optical main for input/output of processor signals, local input/output buses, optical input/output blocks, optical input/output buses, optical blocks for decoding input/output signals, local buses for communication to common system bus. |
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Optical digital signal processor Device has systems of optical buses, input/output blocks, optical blocks for decoding input/output signals, operation block, local memory block, block for controlling input/output, block of external input/output, optical ports block, synchronization block, address modification block, block for controlling execution of program. |
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Device for forming and processing images Device for forming and processing images has focon assemblage onto wide edges of which the image is projected. Narrow edges of assemblage are connected with cells of CCD array through optical splitters 1:5 array, spatial filters X and Y. Each filter has array of electrically controlled optical couplers made on the base of three joined waveguides. Device also has control unit. Bipolar control voltage generated by control unit is applied to electric inputs of any coupler. Binary code of coupler and binary code of coefficients defined by amplitude-frequency characteristic shape enters inputs of control unit. Control unit has decoder and control voltage forming and memorizing units. Each unit has two digital-to-analog converters and one register. Number of units for forming and memorizing control voltages corresponds to number of couplers. Device performs spatial filtering due to weighted summation of optical signal from image elements disposed next to each other by means of splitters and electrically controlled fiber-optical couplers. |
Another patent 2513450.