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Cupriferous waste utilisation method Invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, namely to the extraction of copper from cupriferous waste of superconductor materials. The method of utilisation of the cupriferous waste includes copper dissolution by the immersion of a basket with scrap into a copper-calcium alloy during calcium electrolysis at the temperature of 650-715°C. Dissolution of copper is performed from briquettes obtained from copper chips by pressing with subsequent vacuum annealing at the temperature of 720-750°C. |
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Method of processing of beryllium-containing waste Invention can be used in metallurgy. The method of processing of beryllium-containing production wastes of copper-beryllium ligature includes melting with flux metal, conditioning of the molten metal and the subsequent separation of products of melting with obtaining of a metal phase and secondary slag. The melting process is conducted at the temperature of 1250-1350°C with conditioning of the melted metal within 15-30 min. For melting of the furnace charge the used flux metal is the combined fluoro-alkaline flux metal. The fluor agent is the waste of manufacture of metal beryllium - magnesium fluoride. The alkali agent is soda. The ratio of components of the flux metal from the initial weight of wastes is the following: magnesium fluoride - 15-50%, soda - 5-20%. Upon completion of the melting process first the lighter secondary slag is drained separately from the metal phase which is drained after that. The metal phase is used as a repetition material when smelting copper-beryllium ligature. The obtained secondary slag is recycled by smelting with froth-floated slurry with obtaining of beryllium hydroxide, and then metal beryllium. |
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Method of producing of blister copper by alloying of cement cupriferous sediments with copper matte Invention relates to processing into blister copper of cupriferous sediments formed as a result of the cementation of cupriferous mine and underspoil waters. The cement cupriferous sediments of the neutralisation of the mine and underspoil waters are pre-dried in a drum drier at the temperature of 100-200°C until full removal of mechanical moisture, the resulted calcine amounting to 70-75 wt % is mixed with a reducer in the form of shredded copper matte with the fraction -1 mm taken in an amount of 25-30 wt %, the resulted mix is melted in the arc furnace, slag is pumped away, then the smelt is overheated up to the temperature of 1200°C and blister copper is poured out. |
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Invention relates to the recovery of secondary metal scraps, in particular, to processing of metal scraps of nickel-based rhenium containing heat-resisting alloys. Under method the electro-chemical dissolution of the heat-resisting alloy is performed upon anode polarization by pulse current at constant parameters (current) in nitric electrolyte with further nickel and rhenium extraction at monitored cathode potential. The inert electrode is used as cathode. The soluble alloy is used as anode. Dissolution of the nickel-based rhenium containing heat-resisting alloy is performed at fixed current density, and further extraction of nickel and rhenium is performed at monitored cathode potential. |
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Brass foundry sludge pyrometallurgical processing method Invention relates to brass foundry sludge pyrometallurgical processing. The furnace-charge is prepared, it contains slag, graphitised breeze coke in amount of 10% of slag weight, copper collecting agent, and carbonates of alkaline and alkaline-earth elements as activator of the regenerative process at the copper collecting agent consumption 0.1-0.3 of slag weight. The furnace-charge is melted at 1000-1300°C in induction crucible furnace with located in the crucible induction heater in form of the graphite rod with diameter 0.1-0.2 of crucible diameter or graphite pieces in amount of 1-5% of crucible volume. |
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Method includes the treatment of lead-bearing raw materials by the solution of chloride of alkaline metal and hydrochloric acid, separation of insoluble precipitate from the solution, crystallisation from the solution of lead chloride, its separation, purification of the obtained master solution from sulphate ion and its return for treatment of lead-bearing raw materials, obtaining of lead and hydrochloric acid which is returned for treatment of lead-bearing raw materials. Meanwhile from lead chloride after its crystallisation by dissolution in water the solution of lead chloride is obtained. The solution is treated by ammonium carbonate with obtaining of lead carbonate which is separated with obtaining of ammonium chloride solution. The lead carbonate is decomposed thermally into lead oxide and carbon dioxide. From lead oxide the lead is obtained, and the ammonium chloride obtained by separation of lead carbonate is treated by calcium hydroxide with obtaining of ammonia and calcium chloride. From calcium chloride and sulphuric acid the hydrochloric acid is obtained. From carbon dioxide, obtained by thermal decomposition of lead carbonate, and from ammonia the ammonium carbonate is obtained which is returned for treatment of chloride lead solution. |
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Method of recycling wastes of semiconductive gallium compounds Wastes are mixed with saltpetre and soda in ratio 1:(1-1.25):(1-1.25), theoretically required for oxidation reaction. After that, heating is performed first to 200-300°C, with further, after an hour, heating to temperature 460-500°C. Cake is cooled, crushed and leached in water at temperature 20-30°C, arsenous solution is separated, and gallium cake is leached in 13-19% alkali solution at temperature 60-80°C. Filtered from insoluble residue solution is cooled to 15°C and admixture of sodium phosphate is filtered; gallium solution is supplied to electrolysis. |
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Method of extracting of noble metals from wastes of radioelectronic industry Method includes melting of the radioelectronic wastes in the deoxidizing atmosphere upon presence of silicon dioxide with production of copper-nickel anode containing silicon in amount from 2.5 to 5%. The produced electrode containing lead admixtures from 1.3 to 2.4% is subjected to electrolytic dissolution using the nickel sulphuric acid electrolyte with production of the sludge with noble metals. |
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Method of processing of catalysts containing platinum metals on aluminium oxide carriers Invention relates to pyrometallurgy of precious metals. The method of extraction of platinum metals from catalysts on a fire-resistant aluminium oxide substrate containing platinum metals comprises grinding of the fire-resistant substrate, furnace charge preparation, its melting in a furnace and holding of molten metal with periodic slag draining. Furnace charge is prepared by mixing of the ground fire-resistant substrate, the gumboil selected from the materials containing CaO, CaF2, Fe2O3, MgO and SiO2, the collector material selected from the group comprising iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, lead, zinc, aluminium, and binder. Furnace charge is briquetted at a compacting pressure 50-400 kgfs/cm2. The obtained briquettes are melted in the furnace at the temperature 1500-1700°C with obtaining of the molten metal containing platinum metals. The reducer can be added into briquettes. Before slag drain the precipitator can be added into the furnace. |
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Method to concentrate scattered elements Method to concentrate scattered elements included into composition of solid carbon-containing mineral, includes sublimation of volatile scattered elements when burning the solid carbon-containing mineral to produce the first sublimate in the form of enriched fly ash. Then the second sublimation is performed by burning the first sublimate in the form of a fuel water-coal suspension with a semi-coke dispersed phase to produce the second sublimate. Prior to finish catching of the concentrate they perform the third sublimation by combustion of the second sublimate in the form of a fuel emulsion with a dispersed phase in the form of a liquid pyrolysis fraction. At the same time semi-coke and liquid fraction are produced as a result of pyrolysis of initial solid carbon-containing mineral. |
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Method of chromium slag neutralisation using annealing method and blast-furnace process Invention refers to metallurgy, particularly to method of chromium slag neutralisation. Method includes preparation of pellets of chromium slag, coal dust or coke fines and binding substance. In the production train of agglomeration or train of pellets production the pellet shells out of feed materials of agglomerates, or pellets, or collected dust from iron wastes of the metallurgy are made, and complex pellets are made as per method of secondary pelletization, then agglomerates or pellets are formed. High temperature during agglomeration or annealing ensures creation of the restoration atmosphere inside the pellet shells performing the chromium slag pre-treatment. |
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Processing method of copper anode slime Invention relates to metallurgy of non-ferrous and precious metals, namely to processing of slimes of electrolytic copper refining. A processing method of copper anode slime involves decoppering, saturation and leaching of selenium from decoppered slime or products of its saturation in an alkaline solution. Leaching of selenium is performed in a solution that contains a reducing agent, namely water-soluble organic or non-organic compounds providing a normal oxidation-reduction potential of the system in alkaline medium of more positive than -0.3 V in relation to a hydrogen electrode. With that, leaching is performed in a solution containing 50-200 g/l of sugar as a reducing agent and 20-100 g/l of alkaline at the temperature of 70-90°C. |
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Method of processing of fine zinc containing metallurgical scrap Method includes dosing of zinc containing metallurgical scraps, solid fuel, binding and flux additives, mixing and pelletisation of produced charge, drying and heat treatment of pellets. Dosing of charge components is performed ensuring carbon content is charge by 80-100% of stoichiometric necessary for direct iron and zinc recovery in the charge, and melt temperature of lean material and ash of solid fuel in slag 1400°C maximum. Heat treatment of the pellets is performed at temperature 1350-1450°C and heating rate 400-500°/min, for this metallised product is removed from slag. |
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Device for compression of non-ferrous metal hot slag Invention relates to extraction of non-ferrous metals from slag. Device for compression of the non-ferrous metal hot slag contains installed in body frame with slag compression head made with stock of the hydraulic cylinder, mould for gathering of the non-ferrous metal extracted from slag, and slag catcher made with bottom one or several through drain holes and installed on the mould. The body has doors equipped with vacuum seal. In the body at least one through hole is made for vacuum connection. |
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Method for acid treatment of red mud Method includes leaching using water-soluble fatty carboxylic acids with less than 3 carbon atoms per molecule as the leaching agent. The desired products to be extracted are then separated from the obtained solution. Leaching is carried out with addition of red mud in portions while controlling pH and ceasing addition of the red mud upon achieving pH 2.3-3.8. After leaching, the solution is held at a given leaching temperature for at least one hour. |
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Method includes the bulk charge melting by fuel burning under conditions of the distributed burning due to flame deviation towards the bulk charge as continuation of the melting phase by means of the acting oxidant jet re-directing the flame in direction from the bulk charge, and by stepped change of distribution of the oxidant injection between the primary and secondary portions as continuation of distributed burning phase. Also burner is described. |
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Method of recycling active material of nickel oxide electrode of nickel-cadmium accumulator Invention relates to recycling active material of a nickel oxide electrode of a nickel-cadmium accumulator. The method includes dissolving the active mass in 1M ammonium chloride solution. The solution then undergoes electrolysis with a titanium vibration cathode and a graphite anode in rectangular pulsed current mode with amplitude of 0.3-0.5 A/cm2, pulse duration of 0.05-0.15 s and pause duration of 0.05-0.1 s. Before electrolysis, the solution is held in a flow mixer for 10-12 hours. The method enables to obtain nickel powder with particle size in the range of 4-6 mcm. |
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Method of nickel recovery at electrochemical processing of heat-resisting nickel alloys Invention refers to the recovery of secondary metal scraps, in particular, to processing of metal scraps of nickel-based heat-resisting alloys (superalloys). Method of recovering nickel from nickel-based heat-resisting alloys by electrochemical processing involves anodic dissolution of the alloy at anodic polarisation by pulse current at constant potential in nitric acid electrolyte. The anodic dissolution is carried out at nitric acid concentration of 100 g/L at fixed value of the anode potential equal to 1.0-1.2 V. As a result the cathode product - nickel concentrate with the purity of at least 95% per one stage - is obtained. |
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Method of red mud processing involves red mud pelletising, drying and further two-stage high temperature baking including oxidation baking stage at 1000-1150°C in air flow and reducing baking stage. Reducing baking stage is performed with feed of adiabatic catalytic conversion products from natural gas heated by gas flow from oxidation baking aggregate, to reducing reactor. Pelletised mud is dried by contact with natural gas heated to 260-450°C. Gas flow from oxidation baking aggregate is supplied both for natural gas heating and to production and superheating of water steam fed to a mix with natural gas. |
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Method of recycling of furnace waste nickel slags to ferronickel and cast iron Pre-dried furnace waste nickel slug is mixed with carbon-containing deoxidant in quantity 3-10% of slug weight, the obtained mixture is melted in flame furnace. And after melting of the said mixture the ferronickel containing over 5% of nickel is released from the furnace in the ladder, after release completion for the desulphuration the ferrum-magnesium alloy is added in quality necessary to ensure the permitted sulphur content in the ferronickel, then to the slug left in the furnace the carbon-containing deoxidant is added in quantity 10-20% of slug weight, and its further melting is performed with cast iron of grades "Л1-Л6" production. |
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Depletion of copper-bearing slags Process comprises treatment of slag with calcium oxide in the presence of reducing agent at increased temperature. Note here that copper slag-to- solid carboniferous reducer carbon ratio makes 1:(0.05-0.09). Mix surface is blown by oxygen-containing oxidiser using the upper non-intrusive blowing with flow rate of oxygen-containing oxidiser in amount of defined by oxygen content therein, 50-100 kg per ton of slag. |
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Method of processing of copper-electrolyte sludge floatation concentrate Method includes leaching of the initial floatation concentrate at room temperature by alkali solution upon presence of oxidant in ratio "Ж:Т", equal to 10, with precious metals precipitation. At that selenium is transferred to the solution in form of sodium selenites. Hydrogen peroxide in quantity 20-30% of weight of the processed concentrate is used as oxidant. |
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Aluminium dross processing method Invention relates to secondary metallurgy, and namely to an aluminium dross processing method. The method involves crushing of aluminium dross, separation of metallic aluminium, mixing of the residue after separation of metallic aluminium with a component containing iron oxides, sintering, separation of oxide and salt constituents of a sinter for separation of the salt constituent of aluminium oxide, which is performed using the ascending current with a variable hydrodynamic mode in a pulse column operating in a closed cycle with a conical sedimentation tank; with that, the clarified solution of the sedimentation tank is returned to a column for creation of the ascending current, and a solid phase of lower unloading of the pulse column is subject to magnetic separation. As a component containing iron oxides there used are wastes of alumina production in the form of red mud; with that, ratio of aluminium dross to red mud is sustained within 1:1-5, and sintering is performed at the temperature of 800-900°C. |
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Method of electrochemical extraction of noble metals Method of electrochemical extraction of noble metals includes processing of metal in electrolyte with leaching and preliminary activation of noble metals by alternate current and their following electro-sedimentation from electrolyte on cathode. Preliminary activation of noble metals and their following electro-sedimentation from electrolyte on cathode is carried out at temperature 90-160°C under conditions of overlaying electrolysis processes in alternate and constant currents. Electro-sedimentation of noble metals on cathode is carried out cyclically in conditions of electrolyte volume reduction until current passing stops. Then fresh electrolyte is added to initial volume and stage of electro-sedimentation is repeated. Quantity of cycles of electro-sedimentations of noble metals on cathode constitutes 1-3. |
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Processing method of iron-containing wastes Invention relates to disposal of metal-containing wastes with iron content 15% and over, such as slags of copper and nickel manufacturing processes, sludge of copper ore floatation and similar materials, and may be used during manufacturing of the construction materials and metal extraction. Iron-containing wastes are milled to particles size 1-2 mm, mixed with carbonic deoxidant, subjected to reducing roasting at temperature 0.6-0.8 of melting point of most churlish oxide phase of the material. The final stage of the reducing roasting is performed at temperature at least equal to melting point of the less churlish oxide component. The obtained mixture is cooled by thermal shock with rate at least equal to lesser critical cooling rate for the given component, milled to particles size 1 mm and separated by separation method to metal and oxide components. |
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Unit for obtaining broken slag from melt Invention relates to a unit for obtaining broken slag from a melt. The unit includes devices for receiving and distributing melted slag, cooling and sizing of the broken slag in a reservoir rotating about the horizontal axis, assembled of grates, with balls located in it, a device for the removal of a steam-gas mixture and a device for broken stone after-cooling and transportation. The unit is provided with a shaper installed at the slag outlet of the reservoir assembled of the grates and made in the form of two water-cooled rolls with a horizontal rotation axis, which are rotated opposite to each other; with that, surfaces of the rolls of the shaper are spring-loaded and form cube-shaped cavities of different sizes at connection. |
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Method of extracting rare earth and noble metals from ash and slag Method includes preparation of ash and slag, mixing them with leaching solution, accumulation of biomass of microorganisms, bacterial leaching of rare earth and noble metals, separation of obtained suspension into sediment and clarified liquid with isolation of rare earth and noble metals from the latter. At the stage of accumulation of biomass of microorganisms saturated solution of calcium carbonate is added in amount 1-10% of leaching solution consumption. Bacterial leaching is performed in mode of multi-chamber floatation with aeration intensity 0.1-0.5 m3/m2·min. Intensity of aeration in each following chamber is reduced by 5-10% in comparison with the previous one. Bacteria of genus Acidithiobacillales are used as microorganisms. Floatation is performed with application of finely disperse aeration with average size of bubbles 20-30 mcm. Size of bubbles in any following chamber is increased by 10-15%. |
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Installation of bacterial leaching of metals from technogenic wastes Installation for bacterial leaching of metals from technogenic wastes includes apparatus for accumulation of microorganism mass in liquid medium with technogenic wastes, apparatus for leaching metals from technogenic wastes, unit for separation of metals from liquid medium with technogenic wastes in form of apparatus for ionic floatation and unit for regeneration of leaching solutions in form of reservoir with pneumatic system of aeration. Apparatus for accumulation of microorganism biomass is equipped with turbine mixer and external cooling circuit. As apparatus for metal leaching, used is multi-chambered floatation apparatus with devices of flow of liquid medium with technogenic wastes from chamber to chamber, made with possibility of changing conditions of aeration and intensity of mixing. |
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Dressing of slags containing high-quality steels and iron for extraction of metals Invention relates to metallurgy. Extraction of metals from slags containing steel or iron particles with 150 mm grain comprises slag dry grinding, deagglomeration, classification and sorting to get metal fraction and, at least one silicate fraction. Grinding and deagglomeration are performed in grinding mill with runner and grinding rolls rolling over grinding ply. Slag containing iron particles is pre-reduced and fed to grinding as a modified slag containing iron. Grinding and deagglomeration are performed with allowance for slag type, slag metal content, degree of merging and purity of metal and silicate fractions and particle size at working pressure at runner bowl surface. Said surface is projected relative to grinding roll mean diameter vertical surface in the range of 15-450 kN/m2 and with preservation of metal particle shape. |
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Copper galvanic sludge processing method Charge is prepared by mixing of copper galvanic sludge with sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and with coal or coal and a cassiterite concentrate. Recovery of oxidised sludge metals is performed in a reaction tank by charge melting at the temperature of 1000-1100°C during 1.5 h. The obtained melt is cooled and hardened copper alloy is separated from sludge. |
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Method for demercurisation of fluorescent lamps Method for demercurisation of fluorescent lamps includes breaking down said lamps and treating the wastes under a layer of a demercurisation solution prepared in advance, washing and sorting the wastes. The demercurisation solution is prepared through synthesis of calcium polysulphide formed in a demercurisation apparatus at 50°C from lime and sulphur in ratio of 1:2 with sulphur concentration of 51-100 g/l. An anionic surfactant in the form of alkyl sulphate is added to the solution in amount of 5% of the weight of lime and a nonionic surfactant in the form of sintanol (oxyethylated alcohol) is also added to the solution in amount of 10% of the weight of lime. After treating the wastes, the spent solution is discharged from the demercurisation apparatus, followed removal of mercury sulphide therefrom and feeding into a storage container, from which the purified solution is fed for preparing washing liquid. |
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Method of copper-electrolyte processing Invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy. Copper-electrolyte sludge is dressed. Compounds of lead and stibium are removed from dressed sludge to be mixed with cathode product of leaching of selenium from copper-electrolyte sludge at 5-10:1 ratio. Then, cathode leaching in alkaline electrolyte from obtained mix is performed at current density of 2000-3000 A/m2. To prevent selenium circulation between cathode and anode, the latter are separated by web permeable for electrolyte. |
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Mixture for steel making in electroslag furnace with production of raw material for zinc industry Invention relates to electric furnace steelmaking, and namely to a composition of a mixture for steel making in an electric-arc furnace. The mixture contains the following components, wt %: dust of a gas cleaning system of an electric-arc furnace 60-90 and coke fines 10-40. |
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Method of obtaining collective concentrate Method includes enrichment of sludge by hydrocycloning, filtration of an obtained pre-concentrate, which represents a mixture of large fractions of a sedimentary and a part of a floated material, dehydration, drying, granulation, drying. To hydrocycloning supplied is sludge with a ratio of S:L=1:2. Hydrocycloning is carried out in 4 stages. Discharges of each stage of hydrocycloning are combined in the pre-concentrate. An initial pulp is supplied to the first hydrocyclone at a temperature of 50÷70°C and under pressure of 2.5÷4 atm. A ratio of sand muzzle to the draining one in all the hydrocyclones constitutes 0.5÷0.66:1. Drying of granules is realised at a temperature up to 150°C to avoid loss of noble metals in sublimates. |
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Reverberatory furnace for remelting of aluminium scrap Furnace consists of a case made with refractory external side, front and back end walls, a storage bath and an inclined platform restricted with a sole and walls, two drain tapholes, a rotating pan, a gas duct and a welded frame whereon everything is arranged. The furnace case is fitted by a welded steel box equipped with heat insulation between the box and each wall consisting of double heat insulation mullite fibreglass layer and of sheet asbestos cardboard. The storage bath and the inclined platform are made from mullite corundum blocks of increased density which are laid on the heat insulation mullite fibreglass layer and light brick. The furnace case is filled by concrete with the filler from crushed light fire brick, the crown above the inclined platform and the bath has heat-insulation plaster above which double layer of refractory heat-insulation mats is laid. One side wall of the furnace is provided with two injection ten-mixer medium-pressure burners directed at an angle to the inclined platform while another side wall is furnished with one injection ten-mixer burner directed at an angle to the inclined platform and one 19-mixer burner directed to the furnace bottom, a reheat chamber lined by refractory bricks to house a four-mixer gas injection burner, an air blower, two tapholes in the side walls to let out the molten metal made in the quick-change taphole bricks. |
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Method for removing molybdenum from man-made mineral formations Method involves electrochemical and photochemical synthesis of active oxidisers and complexing agents in leaching solution with the production of anolyte and catholyte. Then mineral mass containing molybdenum is successively treated by them thus providing for the transition of molybdenum into liquid phase from which it can be removed by extraction or sorption. |
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Method for integrated treatment of red mud Method includes magnetic-gravitational treatment of red mud. The starting red mud first undergoes dispergation in the presence of sodium hexametaphosphate in a rotary-pulsation apparatus, followed by low-gradient wet magnetic separation in a field with strength of 0.1-0.15 T to obtain a magnetite and a bulk concentrate, subjecting the bulk concentrate to high-gradient magnetic separation in two steps in a field with a strength of not less than 1.2 T to extract magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions, subjecting the magnetic fraction to gravitational concentration on a concentration table to obtain a hematite concentrate and tailings, combining the nonmagnetic fraction with the tailings from gravitational concentration and performing two-step selective flocculation in the presence of a flocculant to separate a component which primarily consists of aluminium and silicon oxides from an iron-containing product, which is concentrated by high-gradient magnetic separation with field strength of 0.5-0.7 T to obtain an additional iron-containing product, which is combined with the hematite concentrate to obtain an iron-containing concentrate, and residual aluminosilicates which are combined with the component primarily consisting of aluminium and silicon oxides to obtain an aluminosilicate product. |
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Method of processing copper-vanadium wastes from purification of titanium tetrachloride Solid copper-vanadium wastes are leached with water to obtain copper-vanadium pulp, to which is added calcium hypochloride or clarified pulp from gas treatment facilities from titanium-magnesium production with concentration of active chlorine equal to 15-90 g/dm3, with ratio of calcium hypochlorite to the copper-vanadium pulp of (1.5-2.0):1. The pulp is held while stirring for 2-5 hours. Hydrochloric acid is added while stirring until achieving solution pH of 2.0-3.0. The suspension is filtered and the copper (II) solution is fed into a cementing apparatus. The precipitate in the form of a mixture of a reducing agent and copper powder is separated into copper powder and a reducing agent. The copper powder is washed, filtered and dried and iron impurities are removed by magnetic separation. After decantation, the reducing agent is returned to the cementing step. |
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Extraction of metals from flow enriched in hydrocarbons and carbon residues Invention relates to extraction of metals from flow rich in hydrocarbons and carbon residues with the help of treatment section. Proposed method comprises feeding of said flow to extraction by its mixing with appropriate hydrophilising agent to kill hydrophobic properties of said flow. Mix of said flow and said agent are fed so separation of liquid phase containing major portion of hydrophilising agent and hydrocarbons precipitated from solid phase. Separated solid phase is dried at 350°C to remove medium-light hydrocarbon components. Separated solid phase, preferably dried, is fed for leaching by alkaline solution in the presence of air and/or oxygen, possibly, in the presence of emulsifier or its precursor. Then, leached mix is fed for separation to remove solid residue from leach liquor. |
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Method of extracting rhenium and platinum metals from spent catalysts on aluminium oxide supports Method includes oxidising roasting, percolation leaching of the roasted product with aqueous solution of an oxidising agent or mixtures of oxidising agents to obtain a rhenium-containing solution and an insoluble residue, sorption of rhenium from the rhenium-containing solution in a separate apparatus, drying the insoluble residue, mixing with fluxing agents and fusion on a metal collector. Percolation leaching is carried out at redox potential values of 900-1100 mV and temperature of 50-90°C, with simultaneous sorption of rhenium, followed by desorption and separation of rhenium compounds or rhenium metal from the strippant. The fluxing agents used to fuse the insoluble residue are fluorspar, sodium carbonate and sodium nitrate. Fusion is carried out at temperature of 1200-1800°C on a metal collector in several steps, while discharging the formed slag after each step and fusing the next portion of the mixture on the collector from the previous fusion with separation of the alloy of platinum metals with the collector. |
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Method of processing solid household and industrial wastes and device for its realisation Device contains successively installed a feed hopper, an open hearth furnace, an afterburning chamber, a recuperator of combustion air heating, a heat recovery unit, a smoke exhauster and a smokestack, means for fuel supply. The furnace is provided with a bag filter for purification of flue gases from dust and a catalytic apparatus for purification of flue gases from carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides. The catalytic apparatus consists of a vertical case with a conic bottom, inside which from top to bottom placed are: a vertical heat-exchanger, a liquid distributer, an absorption section, a desorption-cooling section, an aspiration hood with a fan and a Venturi tube. A method includes preparation of a charge in the form of a mixture of wastes with flux, loading of the charge and its melting in a bath of the open hearth furnace at a temperature of 1450-1500°C. Performed are: discharge of released combustible components into the afterburning chamber with heat recovery of flue gases, purification of flue gases from dust in the bag filter, purification of smoke gases from carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides is performed in the catalytic apparatus. |
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This process comprises preparation of the charge by mixing the titanium-bearing slag with aluminium and calcium-bearing material. The latter represents calcium fluoride and calcium, of calcium fluoride and calcium oxide, or calcium fluoride and the mix of calcium and calcium oxide. Here, the ratio between titanium dioxide, aluminium powder and calcium and/or between calcium oxide and calcium fluoride makes 1:(0.58-1.62):(0.28-1.1):(0.09-0.32). Besides, it includes reducing fusion of said slag at 1450-1750°C and separation of the alloy from said slag. |
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Method of utilisation of solid mercury-containing wastes and device for its realisation Group of inventions relates to utilisation of solid mercury-containing wastes, in particular fluorescent lamps. A method of utilisation of solid mercury-containing wastes includes an oxidation stage with further stand, processing a wastes mixture with a demercurised solution of an alkali metal polysulfide with further stand of the reaction mixture. Wastes are divided into two parts. One part, which contains crushed wastes, is processed with an oxidant, and then with a demercurised iodine-alcohol solution or a sodium sulfide solution. The second part of wastes in the form of aeromixture is passed through a nanoporous carbon sorbent NCMS-J. A device for utilisation of mercury-containing wastes contains a unit of loading and crushing, a purification unit and an aeromixture unit. The purification unit is made in the form of a truncated cone, connected by means of a flange to a cylindrical reservoir with a perforated screw, provided with a valve for the solution discharge, and an upper part of the perforated screw is provided with an unloading flange for discharge into a storage hopper. The aeromixture unit is made in the form of a column type adsorber with the nanoporous carbon sorbent NCMS-J. |
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Tandem reflecting furnace with casting shoe for remelting of aluminium scrap Furnace includes a housing formed with refractory external side, front and rear end walls, two baths restricted with bottoms, an arch and walls, two drain tap holes, a gas duct and a pedestal, on which all parts are arranged. In the furnace there is external heat insulation of walls, which consists of asbestos tailings and a double layer of asbestos boards. The furnace pedestal has two layers made of light-weight brick with the double layer of asbestos boards between them, a quartz sand layer from below and from above, which is mixed with asbestos tailings, and three layers of asbestos boards on the top, on which bottom block are laid. A casting shoe includes a housing formed with refractory external side, front and rear end walls, a bath, restricted with a bottom, an arch and walls, and drain tap holes. The casting shoe pedestal has two layers made of light-weight brick and separated with an asbestos board layer, and a lower asbestos board layer. The casting shoe has two tap holes made in quick-changeable tap-hole bricks in a box. The furnace has two turning chutes with a turning bowl, which are installed on brackets welded to the casting shoe box, which are turned during liquid metal pouring process for subsequent pouring of molten metal in the furnace to pouring equipment located in a maintenance sector with an angle of 143°. Five injection burners are installed in the furnace and the casting shoe. The furnace operates at natural and artificial draft with a dust and gas cleaning system. |
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Electronic waste processing method Electronic waste is crushed on a hammer crusher; crushed copper is added, and then, it is fused in presence of flux during 45-60 minutes at the temperature of 1320-1350°C with air blowdown at its flow rate of 3-4.5 l/h and the obtained slag containing at least 2.6 wt % of precious metals is separated from slag. |
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Method of neutralisation of household and industrial mercury-containing wastes Mixture, consisting of sulphur powder, granules of floatation sulphur pyrite of grade KSF-4 in mixture with broken stone with fraction 20-70 mm or brick crumbs, which are simultaneously agent binding mercury in ionised and neutral forms, taken in ratio 1:9 by weight, and water. After that, mixture is homogenised at rotation rate 20 rev/min, argon is supplied at rate 5.5-6.5 m3/h and then mercury-containing wastes are charged in amount which is at least 50 times less than weight of sulphur powder. Grinding of wastes is carried out to complete binding of metal mercury into water-insoluble compound HgS. |
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Method of neutralisation of household and industrial mercury-containing wastes Method includes combined grinding of wastes with sulphur powder and crushing medium in rotary reactor for binding metal mercury into water-insoluble compound. As crushing medium used is sulphur pyrate with fraction 50-150 mm, which is simultaneously agent, binding mercury in ionised and neutral forms. Before combined grinding mixture of sulphur powder, sulphur pyrate and water is preliminarily homogenised, and reactor is filled with nitrogen, supplied at rate 7.5-8.5 m3/h, in amount which is at least 50 times less than weight of sulphur powder. After that mercury-containing wastes are charged and grinding is carried out to complete binding of metal mercury into water-insoluble compound HgS. |
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Invention relates to processing of aluminium slags. Proposed method comprises processing of aluminium slags in electroslag furnace including crucible with bottom cathode and top anode. Cryolite (Na3AlF6) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) are fed into said crucible and fused therein. Then, crushed aluminium slag, a mechanical mix of Al2O3 and aluminium metal, and cryolite are loaded in electrolyte liquid melt with subsequent melting and dissolution in electrolyte. Note here that melting and dissolution of aluminium slag occur at 1100-2000°C. Precipitation of liquid aluminium metal occurs in the area of bottom cathode. Note that precipitation of liquid secondary slag composed of the mix cryolite with aluminium oxide occurs in the area of anode. Thereafter, aluminium and secondary slag are unloaded. |
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Production of titanium oxinitride-based inorganic material Production of titanium oxinitride TiN0.35-0.7O0.4-0.6 comprises combustion of titanium-bearing charge in self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in nitrogen at 40-150 atm. Said titanium-bearing charge is composed by titanium production wastes as titanium fire cutting minced slag and that of its alloy of minus 0.5 mm fraction containing titanium, nitrogen, oxygen and mechanical impurities of titanium oxides. On using the titanium fire cutting minced slag and its alloys containing more than 5 wt % of titanium oxide mechanical impurities, additionally titanium chips or its alloys or titanium powder are added to the charge in amount of 0.5-1 portions with respect to excess amount of titanium oxide mechanical impurities in the charge. |
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Method of waelz process of oxidised zinc-containing materials Oxidised zinc-containing materials with coke dross as a hard carbon reducer are supplied into a rotary tubular furnace and exposed to Waelz process with supply of blow in the form of a steam and air mixture into zone of temperatures 1050-1150°C with content of steam in the mixture 14-25%. |
Another patent 2550923.