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Method of obtaining cellulose-containing product, and product obtained thereof Group of inventions relates to biotechnology. Claimed is method of obtaining cellulose-containing product by means of cellulose-producing bacteria. Method includes preparation of membrane, passing nutrient solution and not passing bacteria. Also prepared is nutrient solution on the first side of membrane to be supplied through membrane to the second side. After that, prepared are: gas mixture on the second side of membrane, cellulose-producing bacteria on the second side of membrane for bacteria to obtain nutrient solution, penetrating through membrane. Also claimed is cellulose-containing product, obtained y claimed method. |
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Method of producing biogas (versions) Method of producing biogas in periodic or continuous mode includes preparation of a substrate, anaerobic fermentation in mesophilic conditions, continuous removal of biogas from the biogas apparatus and removing the fermented mass the methane tank. A buffer agent primarily containing calcium carbonate is added during preparation of the substrate. |
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Method for preparing mechano-dependent growth factor Invention refers to biotechnology. A method for preparing a mechano-dependent growth factor provides an in-growth ultrasound exposure on the cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae YBS618/pKX-MGF at a frequency of 880 kHz and power density within the range of 0.1-1.0 W/cm3 with pumping under pressure into a fermenter. The concentration of the mechano-dependent growth factor after 48 hours of growth makes 30.5-34 mcg/ml. |
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Method of growing colonies of microbial cells and device for its realisation Group of inventions relates to biotechnology. Claimed is a method of growing colonies of microbial cells on a surface of a porous plate. The method includes supply of a nutrient solution from bottom to top through the porous plate into zones of growth of colonies of the microbial cells on its upper surface, supply of a suspension of the microbial cells onto the upper surface of the porous plate, creation of controlled conditions for the colony growth, performing observation of the colony growth, separation of the grown colonies of the microbial cells from the zones of growth and their transfer into external means of identification. The nutrient solution is supplied into the zones of growth of the colonies of the microbial cells by creation of a pressure difference between the hole input and output. Holes are made in the plate from an anode aluminium oxide orthogonally to its large plane and are topologically coded. The said zones of growth are formed in them in the form of porous membranes. The porous membranes are located at the same level as the upper surface of the plate or with formation of a hollow and do not pass the microbial cells. After supply of the nutritional solution, the suspension of the microbial cells of a specified concentration is supplied onto the upper surface of the plate until their homogenous distribution is achieved. Between the zones of growth on the surface of the plate a film, preventing attachment of the microbial cells, is formed. Separation of the grown microcolonies from the zones of growth is performed by hydroblow. A hydroblow is directed from the side of the input of cylindrical holes of the plate and spreads along them and farther through the pores of the porous membranes with force, which does not destroy the microcolonies but is sufficient for their separation from the growth zones. Also claimed is a device for growing the colonies of the microbial cells by the claimed method. |
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Method and device for cell sorting Invention relates to biotechnology and represents a device and a system for identification and selective change of a required subpopulation of cells in a population with cell samples. The device and system include a path of liquid movement. The device and system include application of an objective, an optic axis of which is located coaxially to the path of jet movement in a focal point. The device and system include a detector for detection of light, focused by the objective, a logical programme, interfaced with the detector, used to determine whether a cell in the population with the cell samples is a part of required subpopulation of cells, and to output signals basing on determination whether cell is part of the required subpopulation of cells, and a controlled power source, interfaced with the logical programme, used for selective change of either cells in the required subpopulation of cells or the cells, which do not belong to the required subpopulation of cells, in accordance with a signal sent by the logical programme. |
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Application of energy sources of sun and biomass in farming Invention relates to renewable energy sources to be used in farming. This method comprises application of the Sun renewable energy source and biomass of manure, biogas and slime as organic fertilisers in greenhouses and lawn-and-garden cultures. Firs, during April-October term, greenhouse is heated by water lines heated solely by sun energy to 60…70°C at continuous hot water circulation in closed circuit "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse" when filtered manure filtrate is fed simultaneously with production of biogas to be discharged via communication pipelines into gas-holder and to household consumers and to boiler room heater. The latter allows circulation of hot water and regulation of constant temperature in said closed circuit "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse". At a time, bioslime, organic fertilisers, are processed and fed via pipelines into greenhouse and garden-melons-gourds plots. Then, in November-March term two intermediate modes are used. First mode is used when greenhouse is not heated due to recultivation and other works and heated is solely the manure substrate by continuous circulation of hot water in closed water lines circuit "boiler room-reactor-boiler room". Proposed biomass is used like it is at the main mode while biogas is fed to household consumers. The latter allows circulation of hot water and regulation of constant temperature in said closed circuit "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse". Second mode allows heating of both greenhouse and manure substrate by hot water circulation in closed circuits of "boiler room-reactor-green house" and "boiler room-reactor-boiler room". Processed biogas and bioslime are used similarly to the initial main mode. Then, the latter and two intermediate modes are used again. |
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Invention proposes an inoculation loop for cultivation of microorganisms. Bacteriological loop includes a handle on one side and a detachable working element on the other side. The working element represents a metal rod with an eyehole on its end. The working element near a coupling is equipped with metal limiters located perpendicular to the working element. Metal guides are fixed on ends of metal limiters. Guides are located along the metal rod with an eyehole at the distance from it, which is equal to external radius of test tube cross-section. |
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Anaerobic reactor comprises a housing with chambers of hydrolysis and methane fermentation, the device of loading and mixing the substrate in the chambers, the hydraulic valve and the column for enrichment of biogas, divided by partitions into biogas collector and sections filled with immobiliser backfilling. The housing and the column are connected by two pipes, one of which is connected between the outlet of the substrate from the reactor housing and the upper part of the column. The other is connected between the outlet of the biogas from the reactor housing and the lower part of the column. In the reactor a diaphragm electrolyser is mounted. The outlet with the hydrogen gas is connected to the lower part of the column of enrichment. The outlet with the analyte is connected to the entry of the housing into the hydrolysis chamber. The outlet of the electrolyser with the catholyte is connected to the chambers of methane fermentation. The outlet the biogas collector in the column the hydraulic valve is connected. The backfilling in the sections of the column of gas enrichment the fibrous graphite material with a large extended surface is used between the hydraulic water seal at the outlet of biogas from the column of enrichment and the pipe in the lower part of the column the pump is mounted for reblow biogas through it. |
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Device for obtaining nano-sized metal particles Invention relates to field of biotechnology. Claimed is device for obtaining nanoparticles by reduction of metals from initial salts in presence of cultivated cells of microorganisms. Device includes control computer (1), connected with it electronic block of regulation and control (2) of all functional units and blocks of fermenter (3), pH-stabilising block (4) with pH sensor (5) and hoses for supply of titering solutions by pumps (6, 7), block (8) for regulation of redox-potential of culture mixture, provided with redox sensor (9), independently controlled pumps (10, 11) for introduction of initial solutions of metal salts, reducing agents and growth factors into fermenter (3), block (12) for regulation of dissolved oxygen level with sensor pO2 (13), pump (14) for supply of growth substrate, block (15) for measurement of optic culture density with application of optic fibre sensor (16), block (17) for measurement of spectral characteristics of culture mixture with application of optic fibre sensor (18), isolated with impermeable for cells membrane with pore size 100-250 nm, block (19) for thermoregulation of fermenter (3), equipped with temperature sensor (20), block (21) for regulation of culture mixture mixing, which brings into motion blade mixer (22), block (23) for regulation of culture mixture illumination in case of cultivating phototrophic microorganisms and control of spectral parameters of submersible diode lamp (24), block (25) for ultrafiltration of sampled culture mixture with sterilising membrane with pore size 100-250 nm with possibility of output of only nanoparticle suspension from fermenter, condenser of output moisture (26), preventing loss of culture mixture. |
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Method and system for determining quality of cultivated cells Claimed invention relates to the field of microbiology. Group of inventions includes a method and a system for determining quantity of cultivated microbial cells, such as E. coli, Ps.aeroginosa, or a mixture of microbial cells (for instance, for determination of the total number of microbes) in an analysed sample. The said method includes (i) bringing the analysed sample, which can include cultivated microbial cells in contact with, at least, one signal agent, capable of binding with the microbial cell membrane, with the said bringing in contact being carried out for the preliminarily specified first time period (T1), sufficient for integration of the signal agent into the microbial cell to such a level at which the signal, emitted by the sample, in fact reaches a plateau; (ii) removal of non-internalised signal agent from the said analysed sample; (iii) identification of the signal cultivated cells among the signal objects in the said sample, based on selection parameters, preliminarily determined for the said cultivated cells, during the second time period (T2), following the said first time period (T1), during which the said signal in fact remains at the level of the said plateau; and (iv) determination of a quantitative value, indicating the number of the cultivated cells in the analysed sample on the basis of the said selected objects. |
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Trap for biological particles and its application Set of invention relates to entrapment of biological particles suspended in fluid for preparation of biological specimens for cytological analysis. It relates also to preparation of biological specimens with the help of this device, to platform and system for multianalysis. This device comprises pipe with first and second ends. Note here that pipe first end is closed by filter membrane surface glued to pipe wall cross-section. It includes the piston composed by rod engaged with thrust element. Note also that said rod can slide in axis parallel with pipe wall. Besides, it comprises the unit of hydrophilic absorbent arranged in said pipe between filter membrane inner surface and piston thrust element. Proposed process comprises placing aforesaid device in vessel with fluid wherein suspended are biological particles, retaining said device in said vessel for time sufficient for entrapment of a portion of biological particles on filter membrane surface. Then, this device is removed from said vessel to collect trapped biological particles from membrane filter. |
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Method of obtaining chemical product and apparatus for continuous fermentation Group of inventions relates to biotechnology. Claimed is group of inventions: method of obtaining chemical product and apparatus for obtaining chemical product by claimed method. Microorganisms or culture cells are cultivated in fermentation reservoir. Culture liquid is transferred from fermentation reservoir into reservoir of membrane separation for filtration of culture liquid through separation membrane. Fermentation product is collected from liquid obtained after filtration as chemical product. Reverse discharge of unfiltered culture liquid into fermentation reservoir for combination with culture liquid, which did not pass through membrane separation reservoir, is provided. One part of culture liquid is directed to bypass membrane separation reservoir back into fermentation reservoir. Volume of culture liquid flow is regulated in such a way that manometric pressure of culture liquid from the side of flow outlet into membrane separation reservoir constitutes 1 MPa or less. Apparatus includes fermentation reservoir, membrane separation reservoir, circulation pipeline, which connects fermentation reservoir with membrane separation reservoir, means for transfer of culture liquid, installed into circulation pipeline, bypass pipeline for membrane separation reservoir, means for registration of flow pressure from the side of flow inlet into membrane separation reservoir, means for regulation of flow volume, installed into bypass pipeline. |
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Invention refers to molecular biology and pharmacology. What is presented is a method for the prediction of the pharmaceutical effectiveness of adalimumab for treating rheumatoid arthritis, wherein the method involves measuring a level of at least one of ADAMTS4 iRNA and ADAMTS5 iRNA in a sample taken from a subject, and determining if adalimumab is effective for rheumatoid arthritis in a subject on the basis of a level of at least one of ADAMTS4 iRNA and ADAMTS5 iRNA considered as a value. |
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Container for isolation and identification of microorganism Invention relates to biotechnology. Claimed is container for isolation and identification of microorganism. Container includes upper part, which has wide internal diameter, and lower part, which has capillary tube, middle conic part, connecting said upper and lower parts, and optic window on the bottom and/or on one or more than one wall of container. Optic window is less than 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) thick and is transparent for wavelength of near-infrared, visible and/or ultraviolet light spectrum. Window contains quartz, quartz glass, sapphire, acrylic resin, methacrylate, cyclic olefin copolymer, cycloolefin polymer or any their combination. Capillary tube has internal diameter from 0.01 inch (0.03 mm) to 0.04 inch (1.02 mm). |
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Photobioreactor includes elastic working capacity (2) with the first and the second external side surfaces (20, 20'). Capacity (2) is made from elastic transparent material non-permeable for fluid medium and is installed in frame (3). Frame (3) has elongated and essentially vertical support components (32). Components (32) are located at least in one horizontal row; besides, they are installed so that they are in series adjacent to the first and the second external side surfaces (20, 20') of working capacity (2) with the possibility of their support. |
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Method of dewatering mycelium mass pleurotus oustreatus, grown in liquid medium Invention relates to biotechnology and can be used for production of the planting mycelium mass Pleurotus oustreatus. The method comprises separating of the mycelium mass Pleurotus oustreatus, grown in liquid medium, from the liquid medium by passing it through the sterile gauze filter. Mycelium remaining on the filter is subjected to microwave exposure of 600 W and wavelength of 12 cm for 10-30 minutes in a vacuum, which depth is 0.003-0.005 MPa at a temperature of 25-30°C with saving of viability of the mycelium mass Pleurotus oustreatus. |
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Apparatus for determining bacterial content of overalls Apparatus has a Peltier unit, having a cooled surface and a heated surface, a power supply unit with stabilised and controlled outputs, a generator, a temperature control device, a recording device, an electric thermometer and a temperature-controlled cabinet. The temperature-controlled cabinet accommodates a heating element, a test tube with culture fluid and electrodes in said fluid, which are connected to the generator. The Peltier unit is configured to hold on its cooled surface a strip if filter paper and then press part of the overalls contaminated with bacteria to the strip of filter paper, and place the strip of filter paper with bacteria from the overalls into the test tube located in the temperature-controlled cabinet. The stabilised output of the power supply unit is connected to the temperature-controlled cabinet, the temperature control device, the recording device, the generator, and the controlled output of the power supply unit is connected to the electric thermometer and the Peltier unit. |
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Method to produce powdered ferment preparations Depth cultivation of microorganisms is carried out in two fermenters with heating jackets. Cultivation is carried out under continuous aeration with sterile air and mechanical mixing at temperature of 30…32°C in the entire volume of fermenters. Cultural fluid produced in two fermenters under pressure is alternately supplied for filtering in two parallel filters with counterflow water regeneration of a filtering element. Filters alternately operate in the mode of separation with residue removal and regeneration. The cultural fluid filtrate with moisture of 92…95% is sent into a spray dryer. The filtrate in the drying chamber contacts with the drying agent - hot air with temperature of 70…75°C. The powder of the ferment preparation is produced with moisture of 5…7%. Heating of air supplied into the spray dryer is carried out using a steam compression heat pump, comprising a compressor, a condenser, a heat control valve and an evaporator, which operate in the closed thermodynamic cycle. One part of heated air is sent into the spray dryer in the condenser of the heat pump. The other part of air is used as coolant for heating of water to temperature of 40…45°C. Water is then supplied into heating jackets of fermenters. The spent drying agent with temperature of 30…35°C and moisture content of 0.025…0.030 kg/kg is cooled in the evaporator to the temperature of 5…7°C and moisture content of 0.003…0.005 kg/kg. The drying agent with the spent coolant is again supplied into the condenser. The condensate produced in the evaporator is removed into the condensate collector with subsequent supply into the filter under pressure. |
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Microbiological air treatment apparatus Apparatus has a housing partially filled with a liquid and having an inlet pipe for contaminated air and an outlet pipe for clean air, and a cover. The cover has on its inner side a channel with an opening. The housing is divided by a partition wall into a working chamber fitted with a spraying device made in form of a drum having threads with a lyophilic surface attached to its surface, and a settling chamber. An air supply source is mounted at the inlet of the working chamber. A preliminary filter is mounted in the opening of the channel. A biofilter is mounted in front of the outlet pipe of clean air in the top part of the settling chamber. The liquid used is a nutrient solution for microorganisms of the biofilter, and the inner surface of the cover in the area of washing contaminated air as it passes between the cover and the drum lies equidistant from the surface of the drum. |
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Bioreactor device comprises at least one reservoir device (3) with the first habitat (4a) for the first class (2a), and the first lighting device (5a), which comprises at least one light diode lighting source (6), adapted for the first species (2a) with the help of emission of light (L), having the first spectrum. The bioreactor device (1) contains the second habitat (4b) adapted for the second species (2b), and the second lighting device (5b), which has at least one light diode lighting source (6). The latter is adapted for the second species (2b) with the help of radiation of light (L), having the spectrum that differs from the spectrum of the first lighting device (5a). Habitats (4) are arranged in series, adapted for species (2) that follow each other in the food chain, besides, to create the artificial food chain, the arrangement corresponds to the food chain link of the appropriate species (2). The method to grow biological species (2) that depend on lighting energy in the bioreactor device (1) includes lighting of the first species (1) in the first habitat (4a) by the first lighting device (5a), transfer of the grown first species (2a) into the next habitat (4b, 4c, 4d…) separated from the previous habitat (4) by means of a system (7) of connections, lighting of the following species (2b, 2c…) in the specified following habitat (4b, 4c, 4d…) by the following lighting device (5b, 5c…), and repetition of stages of transfer and lighting until the required species (2) grows to the optimal size. |
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Invention relates to microbiological industry, yeast and alcohol production and is intended for treatment of liquid organic wastes, mainly, manure or excrements to produce pollution-free organic fertilisers and combustible biogas. Proposed biological reactor comprises body with partitions. Reactor body represents a vertical sealed and heat-isolated tank with walls connected by dome or stiff roof to create a space between biomass surface and roof for pre-accumulation of biogas. Tank inner space is divided by partitions in, at least, two sections. Said partitions are installed vertically at the tank center and over bioreactor height and connected with the tank walls. Biomass overflow openings are made in every partition between first section, between midsections and between last section, at lower peripheral part. Bottom of every said section is inclined both from the center to periphery and toward the next section. Every section if equipped with manifold for makeup feed, heat exchanger, mixer, pH and eH gages and temperature gage. First section loading assy is composed of the manifold with shutoff valves for biomass loading while discharge assembly represents the manifold with shutoff valves for discharge of risen biomass. Biomass level gages are arranged at top lateral part of the last section. |
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Microbioreactor and method for operation thereof Group of inventions relates to biotechnology, particularly to bioreactors, primarily micro- and mini-bioreactors with an enzyme immobilised on particles and can be used to conduct biotechnological processes in liquid media in pharmaceutical, food and other industries. The microbioreactor has a housing, connecting pipes, pumps for feeding a substrate and auxiliary substances that are connected to said housing by pipes. There is a distribution device and parallel channels in the housing. The channels have a cross-section with a periodically varying length. Each of the channels contains solid particles with an immobilised enzyme. The distribution device consists of a chamber for feeding a substrate and the next one or more chambers for feeding auxiliary substances. There is one or more openings in the side wall of the channels in each chamber for feeding auxiliary substances, wherein channels in the top and bottom parts are equipped with grids, the diameter of openings in which is less than the diameter of the solid particles. Each of the channels can have additional grids which are fitted in sections with the largest area. The method of operating the microbioreactor involves using one or more pumps to feed the substrate and auxiliary substances into the housing with rates that vary periodically over time, wherein the maximum speed of the substrate with auxiliary substances in the wide section of the channels in one period is set higher than the rate of fluidisation of solid particles with the immobilised enzyme, and the minimum speed of the substrate with auxiliary substances in the wide section of the channels in one period is lower than the rate of the onset of fluidisation. Duration of the interval of maximum rate is set such that particles with the immobilised enzyme are able to travel the distance from the bottom to the top grid, and duration of minimum rate is set such that particles with the immobilised enzyme are able to travel the distance from the top to the bottom array. The maximum speed of the substrate with auxiliary substances in the wide section of the channels in one period is set higher than the rate of deposition of solid particles with the immobilised enzyme, and the minimum speed of the substrate with auxiliary substances in the wide section of the channels in one period is set negative. |
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Biogas apparatus with metered microwave heating Invention relates to biotechnology and bioenergy and can be used in recycling livestock wastes and for producing biogas. The biogas apparatus has a vessel for preparing starting material, a pipe for feeding the prepared mass, a pump for feeding material, a pipe for removing the obtained sludge, a vessel for spent substrate, a system for treating, collecting, storing and processing biogas and a bioreactor, having at least three cylindrical concentrically arranged vessels: an outer vessel for conducting a psychrophilic step of anaerobic fermentation of the biomass, a middle vessel for the mesophilic step of fermentation and a central vessel for the thermophilic step of fermentation. The outer and middle vessels are linked to each other in the bottom part, and the middle and central vessels are linked to each other in the top part. The apparatus if equipped with a microwave radiator with radiation frequency of 2450 MHz, placed in the central vessel of the bioreactor such that it enables metered and uniform heating of the biomass on its entire volume. A bladed mixer is installed in each of the outer and central vessels. |
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Device for electric stimulation of cells Device contains a culture plate with basins and a cover. Mounted on the plate cover is a prototype board having electric buses and electrodes. The electrodes are designed so that to enable immersion into the culture medium for contacting the base at the basin bottom. Two electrodes are placed in each basin. Each electrode is cylindrical-shaped, its radius being no less than 0.1 mm and no more than 5 mm to ensure the required rigidity and contract ohmic resistance to the basin base when a potential is supplied to the conductive base placed at the basin bottom. Arranged in the plate cover are holes with a diameter not in excess of one and a half electrode diameter, intended to accommodate electrodes so that to ensure their free stroke and protection against penetration of external factors in the process of the cell growth. Each cylindrical electrode is mounted on the prototype board by means of an arm at an angle of 90°. The base of each basin may be designed in the form of a conductive percolate grid with mesh pitch not in excess of the size of a cell to be cultivated. |
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Apparatus and method of controlling temperature of reaction mixture Apparatus for controlling temperature of a reaction mixture contained in a reaction vessel comprises: an infrared source for exposing the reaction vessel to radiation in order to heat the reaction mixture, a temperature sensor for measuring temperature, which is an indicator of temperature of the reaction mixture and a controller for controlling the radiation source in accordance with temperature of the reaction mixture in order to selectively heat the reaction mixture. The method of controlling temperature of the reaction mixture involves determining temperature of the reaction mixture using information obtained from the temperature sensor, controlling the radiation source which is designed to expose the reaction vessel to radiation with subsequent heating of the reaction mixture, wherein the radiation source is controlled by the controller in accordance with temperature of the reaction mixture, as a result of which said temperature is controlled. |
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Plant for growing planktonic algae Plant comprises a frame with a container for suspension of microalgae mounted on it, light fittings each of which is designed in the form of a glass pipe with lamps placed in it and has a ventilator installed under the glass pipe, pipelines for supplying nutrient medium, solution of carbon dioxide, discharge of the finished suspension, temperature and pH sensors, the service system of the plant. The additional containers for the suspension are mounted on the frame. Each of the containers is formed with an aquarium having a vortex turbine and made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped of translucent glass with one opening on the lower plane for drainage of the finished suspension and its discharge through the pipeline to the container for storage of suspension, and with at least three openings in the upper plane for location of the sensors inside the aquarium, installation of pipelines to supply nutrient medium, discharge of oxygen and sanitation. The light fittings are mounted vertically between the aquariums equidistant from each other with the ability of their free displacement or removal when transition to solar illumination and have reinforced in the upper part of each light fitting plates with protruding ends to be placed between the aquariums and with the ability to rest on them. The service system is made with the ability to operate in an automatic mode and comprises pumps-dispensers, automatic system of dosing, a hot-water boiler with a predetermined temperature, temperature and pH sensors, chlorella. The PH sensor is mounted in each aquarium lower than the level of suspension, the timer relay for switching on and off the lamps. |
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Method to produce biomass of aerobic microorganisms Method includes inspection of an inoculator with process equipment for tightness, sterilisation of the inoculator with steam via an aeration device at the pressure of 0.20 - 0.25 MPa for 30…40 min., its filling with nutrient medium heated by steam to the temperature of 100°C. Then the temperature of the nutrient medium is increased to 121 - 123°C at steam pressure of 0.10 - 0.15 MPa, and the nutrient medium is maintained at these parameters for 15-60 min., afterwards the pressure in the inoculator is reduced down to 0.03…0.05 MPa. The nutrient medium is cooled down to cultivation temperature of 31…32°C with cold water with temperature of 7 - 10°C. After cooling of the nutrient medium, it is seeded with a seeding material with simultaneous mixing and aeration with sterile air. Cultivation of the produced liquid seeding culture is carried out at pH 4.2 - 4.5 and temperature of 31 - 32°C to achieve the phase of exponential growth for 12 - 14 hours. Then it is sent by means of displacement with sterile air from the inoculator into the prepared fermenter in the amount of 3…10% of the nutrient medium amount with its filling by 7/10 of its volume, and the microorganism culture is grown at fermentation temperature of 28 - 40°C for 96 - 120 hours with continuous aeration with sterile air, mechanical mixing and supply of warm water with temperature of 27 - 47°C into a heating jacket of the fermenter. After fermentation the cultural fluid with accumulated biomass is supplied into previously sterilised collectors of finished culture. |
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Effluent treatment device comprises at least two baths (1, 2). Baths are connected to each other at the top and/or at the bottom by one or several connections (3, 4). One connection (4) is designed between areas of gas storage in the baths (1, 2). At least one of the baths contains a zone of gas storage (a), a zone of effluent treatment (c), comprising a fixed or movable substrate (10) to attach bacteria, a zone of effluent storage (b) and a decantation zone (d), a line (11) for drainage of sediments. The line (11) is functionally connected to the bottom of the baths (1, 2). The line (12) is designed for removal of gas from the device and is functionally connected to the top of the baths (1, 2). On the functional connection (3) between zones of decantation and the specified baths (1, 2) there is an isolating valve (5) and/or a control valve (6). On the line (4), which functionally connects the baths 1 and 2, there is a recirculation pump (7) for recirculation of fluid between baths and creation of level imbalance between baths. Baths are made so that the zone of gas storage (a) is above the zone of effluent treatment (b). |
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Method of controlling processes of obtaining and drying enzyme preparations Enzyme preparations are obtained using a fermenter with a heating jacket for submerged culturing of microorganisms of the enzyme preparations with continuous aeration with compressed air and mechanical agitation at culturing temperature of 30…32°C on the entire volume of the fermenter; the culture liquid obtained in the fermenter is cultured to remove the residue and the filtrate of the culture liquid with moisture content of 92…95% is fed into a vacuum-sublimation drier, in which the desublimator used is a two-section evaporator of a vapour compression refrigerating machine, the working and spare section of which alternately operate in condensation and regeneration modes, respectively; wherein "hot" water is obtained by heating thereof in the condenser of the refrigeration machine using condensation heat of the coolant to temperature of 68…73°C, one part of which is fed into the heating jacket of the fermenter and the other is first fed for thawing the evaporator section operating in regeneration mode, and then the water cooled to temperature of 5…7°C is then removed from the evaporator section into a storage tank together with the liquid formed from the ice cover thawed on the surface of the cooling element in an amount of moisture evaporated from the enzyme preparation, and further, in closed cycle mode, fed in two streams, one of which is mixed with waste water after the fermenter before the condenser, and the second with "hot" water before the fermenter, wherein excess water from the recirculation loop is removed through the storage tank, followed by measurement of the culturing temperature in the fermenter, the flow rate and temperature of the water at the inlet of the heating jacket of the fermenter, the flow rate and moisture content of the filtrate of the culture liquid, residual pressure in the working volume of the vacuum-sublimation drier, the moisture content of the dried enzyme preparation, the flow rate and temperature of water vapour removed from the vacuum-sublimation drier into the working section of the evaporator, the boiling point of the coolant in the working section of the evaporator, the temperature of uncondensed vapour at the outlet of the working section of the evaporator and the level of water in the storage container; mass and heat flow of the mixture of cooled and "hot" water into the heating jacket of the fermenter is established by changing the ratio of flow rates thereof with adjustment of the culturing temperature in the fermenter; the measured values of moisture content and flow rate of the filtrate of the culture liquid are used to determine the power of the drive of the compressor of the refrigeration machine and the required residual pressure in the working volume of the sublimation drier by action on the power of the controlled drive of the vacuum pump with adjustment of the residual pressure on the final moisture content of the enzyme preparation; the flow rate and temperature of water vapour removed from the vacuum-sublimation drier into the working section of the evaporator, the temperature of uncondensed vapour at the outlet of the working section of the evaporator and the boiling point of the coolant in the working section of the evaporator are used to determine the current value of the coefficient of heat transfer from the water vapour to the coolant on the cooled surface of the working section of the evaporator, and upon achieving minimum permissible value of the coefficient of heat transfer, power of the drive of the compressor of the refrigeration machine is increased first, and the working section of the evaporator is then switched from condensation mode to regeneration mode while simultaneously switching to condensation mode the section operating in regeneration mode. |
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Method to produce fuel and device for its realisation Invention relates to the method to produce oil fuel, in which mixing is carried out and reaction of hydrolysis is done with water containing a ferment, which a hydrocarbon oil product, besides, water containing a ferment, is produced by means of mixing of a natural vegetable ferment, containing, at least lipase, in water. The natural vegetable ferment may additionally contain cellulase. The invention also relates to a device for production of oil fuel. |
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Invention relates to an anaerobic recycling of agricultural wastes and activated sludge of industrial sewage works and public owned treatment works to obtain biogas and organic fertiliser. The bioreactor comprises a housing which is a nonrigid container with pipes to supply process material, an overflow of slime, a branch of the produced biogas. Over the housing the plant of heating and mixing of the substrate is mounted. The nonrigid container is made with the ability to place it in a pit on a layer of sand and a multilayer layer, comprising gas-proof covering, such as a polymer film, of woven synthetic material such as polyester fabric with PVC coating and heat-insulating layer, for example, a porous polymeric material. |
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Apparatus for determining quality of organic and inorganic products Invention relates to means of controlling quality of organic and inorganic products, and can be used to evaluate safety of food and fodder products, natural water and waste water, ground, soil, determining the maximum allowable concentration of contaminants, as well as the impact of human activities on the environment, including oil extraction and refining products. The apparatus consists of a computer with a software system and a biodetector. The biodetector has a housing 1 inside of which there is a displacement controller for a board 2 with containers 3 for test objects, a light source - light-emitting diodes 4, an optical system with a television camera 5 and a lens 6 mounted on a support 7. The apparatus is provided with a light-proof casing 8 for closing the top of the board with containers for test objects, the inner surface of which is coated with white paint. The optical system with a television camera 5 and a lens 6 is mounted on the support 7 by a turning mechanism 9 in form of a ball head. Inside the housing 1 there is a stepper motor 10 for rotating the board 2 with containers 3. |
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Thermostatting of a biocatalyst is carried out on the basis of immobilised microbial cells and a non-innoculated carrier within the biocatalyst, as well as infrared scanning of the biocatalyst surface and the carrier with the help of a highly sensitive infrared chamber, and production of thermal characteristics of the biocatalyst, such as distribution of temperatures on its surface and difference of temperatures between the surface of the biocatalyst and the non-innoculated carrier. Distribution of temperatures makes it possible to control homogeneity of activity distribution on the biocatalyst surface. The difference of temperatures is used to determine intensity of adsorption and metabolic activity of fixed bacterial cells. A plant for detection of efficiency of adsorption immobilisation of microorganisms and monitoring of functional condition of biocatalysts includes an infrared chamber fixed on a tripod, and connected with a computer, and a heat-insulating box with a hole on top, closed with a cover, which makes it possible to minimise oscillations of ambient temperature down to ±1°C/hr and reduces impact of the infrared chamber at analysis results. |
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Ferment lovastatin esterase is proposed, which is immobilised on a water-insoluble hard carrier activated with a bifunctional agent. At the same time the hard carrier represents a modified di-(C1-6alkyl)amino-C1-6alkylcellulose, in another version the hard carrier represents a silica gel modified with amino-C1-6alkyl-tri(C1-6alkoxy)silane, and the bifunctional agent that activates the hard carrier represents O-sulfonate of cyanuric acid or acid halide of cyanuric acid. In the third version the hard carrier represents agarose, and the bifunctional agent is a compound that corresponds to the formula , as defined in the formula. Methods (versions) are proposed to immobilise the ferment lovastatin esterase on specified water-insoluble hard carriers. According to the methods, in process of mechanical mixing the bifunctional activating agent is brought in contact with the hard carrier in the dissolvent. The activated hard carrier is separated by filtration, then dried and suspended in a water mixture, containing the ferment lovastatin esterase, with performance of ferment immobilisation. The suspended substance is separated by filtration, washed with the buffer solution and dried. Also the method is proposed to treat simvastatin, including treatment of the simvastatin salt solution, containing the remaining amount of the lovastatin salt, immobilised witht the ferment lovastatin esterase, and a biocatalysed flow reactor is proposed with a layer for realisation of this method. The reactor comprises a reactor body (1) with the inner space (2), connected with a liquid inlet (3) and connected with a liquid outlet (4), in the inner space there is a perforated plate supporting the layer (5), containing the ferment lovastatin esterase, immobilised on the water-insoluble hard carrier. |
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Apparatus for producing plasmid-containing hydrocarbon-oxidising microorganisms Apparatus has a vessel for culturing microorganisms with a temperature maintenance unit, a device for feeding culture medium and inoculum into the vessel and removing the end product, an electronic control unit connected to the temperature maintenance unit of the vessel for culturing microorganisms and a system for concentrating a cell suspension, which is connected to the output of the vessel for culturing microorganisms. The vessel is equipped with an air sampler which is connected to a carbon dioxide gas sensor, an a liquid sampler which is respectively connected to sensors for optical density and counting suspension cells, wherein outputs of all sensors and the temperature maintenance unit are connected to a computer through a controller. |
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Domestic sewage effluents treatment plant Invention relates to biological treatment of domestic sewage effluents. Effluents are fed from collector 1 into anaerobic digester 2. Contaminated biogas is fed from methane fermentation chamber 6 into inlet branch pipe 38 and is forced by pump 11 in discharge branch pipe 39. Contaminants are fed into appropriate collector 45. Processed biogas is fed into chlorella generator 12. Pure methane is collected in collector 12. Chlorella and thiobacteria are forced via branch pipe 16 into dynamic disintegrator 15. Mix of heavy and standard water is fed via hydraulic gate 19 into rectifier 20 to produce heavy and standard water. Heavy water is directed from heat exchanger 28 into circulation circuit 31 of reactor 32. Portion of the mix of standard and tritiated water is directed into extra rectifier 35. Tritiated water is separated from standard water and directed into collector. |
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Bioreactor and method of culturing photosynthesising microorganisms using said bioreactor Bioreactor has a vessel (1) with a cover (2) and a device for mixing and aerating microorganisms, having pipes (3 and 4) on the cover for inlet of aerating gas and outlet of gaseous medium, respectively. The vessel (1) is fitted with multiple coaxially arranged and spaced apart annular partitions (12 and 13) with floats (14 and 15) which are open at the bottom, on a vertical hollow shaft (11) with possibility of rotation and back-and-forth movement thereon with formation of a gap between the wall of the vessel (1) and the annular partitions (12 and 13). The vessel (1) and the cover (2) of the reactor are made from transparent materials. The bioreactor has a meant (19) of holding the reactor afloat in a liquid medium and sources (20 and 21) of artificial light, which are mounted inside the floats (14 and 15) of the annular partitions (12 and 13). The latter are made from optically transparent material. The vessel is in form of a disposable or reusable dismountable envelope (22) and has means (23 and 24) of fastening it to the cover (2) and the bottom (17) of the vessel, respectively. The method of culturing photosynthesising microorganisms involves creating biochemical and physical conditions for growth of the microorganisms in a culture medium and maintaining culturing temperature conditions. The latter is carried out in the bioreactor, which is immersed and held afloat in a natural or manmade water body at water temperature which is favourable for growth of photosynthesising microorganisms in said water body, wherein the culture medium used is the filtered water from the water body in which the bioreactor is located. |
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Group of inventions relates to biotechnology, particularly for culturing cells/tissue, as well as plant cells. The disposable apparatus for culturing and collecting plant tissue and/or cells has a flexible container with volume of not less than 400 l, having gas-exchange channels and a collection channel. The apparatus can be used continuously for at least two successive culturing/collection cycles with values or range of values of parameters selected from at least one of the following values or ranges of values: height to volume ratio from about 0.06 to 1 cm/l; gas pressure at the input from about 1 bar to 5 bar; input gas density per cross-sectional area from about 20 inputs per square metre to 70 inputs per square metre; rate of aeration at the input from about 0.05 to 0.12 gas volume per medium volume per minute; gas bubble volume at the input from about 20 cubic millimetre to 1800 cubic millimetre. The method and system for culturing and collecting plant tissue and/or plant cells employ the disposable apparatus. |
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Nanotube carrier for electric stimulation of cell growth and method for production thereof Nanotube carrier for electric stimulation of cell growth in vitro consists of cover glass on which there is a percolated network of carbon nanotubes with diameter of 1-10 nm. At least two supply biocompatible electrodes are connected to the nanotubes. The method of producing the nanotube carrier involves formation of a network of carbon nanotubes on the surface of the cover glass, and connecting two biocompatible electrodes to the nanotubes. |
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Group of inventions relates to biotechnology. Disclosed is a method for biological decontamination of liquid hydrocarbon-containing wastes which are formed when cleaning natural gas and gas pipelines. A biopreparation of hydrocarbon-oxidising microorganisms is added to liquid hydrocarbon-containing wastes in amount of 1 kg of biopreparation per 10 kg of hydrocarbons. Water is simultaneously added to the working vessel to obtain a working suspension with volume ratio of wastes to water ranging from 1:4 to 1:50, depending on the initial concentration of hydrocarbons. Macroelements, trace elements and, optionally, an acidity regulator are then added. Decontamination is carried out for 12-15 hours while constantly stirring and feeding air. Temperature is kept in the range from 28°C to 36°C and pH is kept in the range 4 to 7. The decontamination product is then discharged from the working vessel, leaving not less than 25% of the volume of the working suspension. The whole decontamination cycle is repeated. The second and subsequent decontaminations are carried out without adding the biopreparation. Also disclosed is apparatus for biological decontamination of liquid hydrocarbon-containing wastes which are formed when cleaning natural gas and gas pipelines. The apparatus has a working vessel with process pipes, a mixer and a supply vessel mounted on top of the working vessel and linked to the working vessel by a connecting pipe. The mixer is fitted with an electric drive and is mounted with possibility of turning about a vertical axis. The working vessel is fitted with a level gauge, a loading bin for the biopreparation, a vessel for trace elements and macroelements, a vessel for the acidity regulator and a built-in heat-exchanger. The connecting pipe is fitted with a stop valve and a pipe for feeding water. |
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Methane tank has a sealed reservoir with a top and a bottom. Inside the reservoir, there is an inner and an outer fermentation chamber, pipes for feeding liquefied organic wastes, outlet of the fermented mass, and pipes for outlet of biogas. The inner chamber is insulated from the outer chamber and lies coaxially inside it on supports which are connected to the bottom of the reservoir. The inner chamber is linked to the outer chamber through a system of pipes connected to a separator. The system of pipes consists of a pipe for feeding into the inner chamber a mixture of volatile fatty acids from the separator and air from an air inlet, a pipe for feeding a substrate after the hydrolysis phase and acidogenesis from the inner chamber into the separator for separation of volatile fatty acids from the thick mass, and a pipe for feeding the thick mass, separated from the volatile fatty acids in the separator, into the outer chamber under gravity. |
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Device for making mix of microbiological preparations Proposed device comprises container with finished mix discharge branch pipe, and cover provided with filler funnel fitted therein. Container accommodates pressure variation assembly with branch pipe made up of pipeline made from neutral opaque material, pipeline inlet being arranged inside aforesaid container, and elastic vessels containing equal-density solutions, including those of microbiological preparations. Every said elastic vessel is made from neutral opaque materials and has tube and filler neck brought outside and fitted on container cover. Every elastic vessel is communicated with pipeline via tube made from neutral opaque material. Note here that every tube is jointed to pipeline separately. Pressure variation assembly is arranged upstream of discharge branch pipe and communicated therewith via shutoff element. Tubes and pipeline are equipped with shutoff elements at joints with elastic vessels or pipeline and arranged to make their inner cross-section areas directly proportional to concentration of equal-density preparation mix placed in appropriate vessels and container. Filler necks and funnel are provided with plugs. |
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Apparatus for culturing autotrophic microorganisms Apparatus has a housing which is divided by horizontal partition walls into sections through which pass transparent cylindrical tubes, having suspension distributors and helical spirals, an incandescent lamp, a bubbling device and arched connecting pipes with nozzles for inlet of a mixture of carbon dioxide gas and air. The horizontal partition walls are transparent and form suspension inlet and outlet sections, suspension circular and film flow sections and an intermediate section of the housing. The transparent partition wall which separates the inlet section from the suspension circular flow section has depressions. The suspension circular flow section is fitted with two DNaT-type incandescent lamps in the top and bottom parts of the section and transparent cylindrical tubes with screwed caps fitted inside. |
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Method of control of photoautotrophic microorganism cultivation process Initial nutrient medium together with an inoculated autotrophic microorganism is supplied from a technological container into an input section of a photobioreactor with forming a suspension film of a photoautotrophic microorganism flowing down by gravity on an internal surface of transparent cylindrical tubes. Simultaneously, mixed air and carbon dioxide are reverse-flow supplied inside the tubes with using sleeves with suspension film outflow. The photoautotrophic microorganism suspension flowing in the internal surface of the transparent cylindrical tubes gets into a light section wherein it is continuously illuminated with a fluorescent tube. From the transparent cylindrical tubes, the photoautotrophic microorganism suspension flows down in an output section of the photobioreactor wherein it is bubbled to saturate the cells with carbon dioxide additionally and illuminated with a horizontal toroidal lamp. An external surface of the transparent cylindrical tubes is sequentially cooled in cooling air in the light section and in cooling water in the cooling section with cooling air and cooling water flowing in the respective recirculation loops. The photoautotrophic microorganism suspension is added with a nutrient medium of main and correction flows supplied into a technological container at first and then into the suspension recirculation loop at the input of the input section of the photobioreactor. Waste mixed air and carbon dioxide are supplied from the photobioreactor into the mixer by means of a compressor through the mixed air and carbon dioxide recirculation loop and temporarily collected in a gas tank. Post-bubble foam is continuously discharged from a lower section of the photobioreactor into an anti-foaming separator and separated into a suspension supplied into the input section of the photobioreactor and mixed air and carbon dioxide combined with waste mixed air and carbon dioxide in a regulation loop, while being temporarily collected in the gas tank and supplied into the mixer with extra saturation of waste mixed air and carbon dioxide with a required amount of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide saturated mixed air and carbon dioxide are discharged from the mixed by two ducts one of which being a main flow is reverse-flow directed inside the transparent cylindrical tubes; the other one is supplied into the output portion of the photobioreactor when bubbling the suspension. From the output portion of the photobioreactor, the microorganism suspension is discharged from the suspension recirculation loop with intermediate vented out oxygen release accompanying a cultivation process with using a desorber; another portion of the photoautotrophic microorganism suspension is discharged in a finished biomass collector to be measured for the required values for the purpose of creating optimal conditions for photoautotrophic microorganism cultivation. |
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Method of making biosensor electrode for detecting mono- and polysaccharides Biosensor electrode is made from platinum on a polypyrrole base with a mediator. The mediator used is a pyrrole derivative containing ferrocene. The bioreceptor used is an enzyme which is immobilised on magnetic nanoparticles of Fe2O4 with surface carboxyl groups for cross-linking with carbomide, wherein the biosensor electrode with the bioreceptor is placed in a housing made from semiconductor material with possibility of connection to a digital-to-analogue converter. |
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Apparatus for growing mycelial forms of microorganisms Apparatus has a housing made of two parts. The lower part is a paraboloid of revolution of the type x2=2Py which is interfaced with the arched upper part of the housing. A guide apparatus is fitted in the upper part the working volume of the housing. A cover for feeding initial components is installed on the upper part of the housing and process pipes and end product outlet pipes are fitted on said cover. A mixer in form of an auger-type rotor with a drive is mounted inside the housing. The guide apparatus consists of diametrically oppositely lying guide blades. The latter are mounted at an angle of 15-20 degrees to the vertical plane and at an angle of 70-75 degrees to the horizontal plane, and guide plates are mounted inside to the working surface of the apparatus. The guide plates can change their profiling shape by bending on the length in the vertical plane. |
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Diagnostic technique for viruses and well applicable for purposes of such technique What is offered is a flat-bottomed well applicable for purposes of a diagnostic technique for viruses. The well consists of a primary chamber and a secondary chamber. The primary chamber has a base, a liquid sample inlet and side walls extending from the inlet to the base of the chamber. The secondary chamber extends from the base of the primary chamber, and has a flat bottom. Thus the primary chamber has a square cross section, and the secondary chamber has a round cross section to decrease or eliminate a meniscus. What is also disclosed is a method of virus detection with using such wells. |
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Method of culturing phototrophs and apparatus for realising said method When culturing phototrophs, the culture fluid is stirred and aerated through agitation by moving cultivators back and forth in the horizontal plane at given temperature and pH values. The cultivators are illuminated with a pulsed light source with pulse duration of 0.00001-0.001 s and pulse spacing of 0.01-0.1 s. In the apparatus used, the culture fluid is illuminated with diodes located under transparent bottoms of vessels of the same geometric shape and powered by a pulse generator with controlled frequency and light pulse duration. |
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Method of producing lyophilised substance Supernatant containing a recombinant protein with a staphylokinase amino acid sequence (RPSP) is thawed. The RPSP is extracted and chromatographically purified on CM sepharose. The RPSP undergoes chromatographic purification on DEAE sepharose. The RPSP is then transferred into a 0.3% NaCl solution. The substance is then sterilised, packed, freeze dried and labelled. |
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Method and device for delivery of reduced pressure to cell culture Cell cultivation method involves usage of a basically air-proof chamber, placement of cell matrix inside the said chamber, delivery of reduced pressure into the said chamber and delivery of cultural medium into the said chamber. The sealing device of the device for delivery of negative pressure to the cell matrix contains a cell culture container that includes a body with an outer wall and an inner volume, limited with a permeable membrane at one butt end and an open butt end positioned opposite the said membrane (the cultural medium penetrating through the permeable membrane to the cell matrix positioned inside the said container), a porous binder (placed onto the cell matrix so that the cultural medium penetrates through the cell matrix to the said binder), a drape (placed across the said open butt end of the cell culture container and forming sealing along the inner wall of the said container and the binder), the first tube (that penetrates through the said draper into the binder and flowing communicates with components on the both sides of the draper so that the cell matrix is subject to the effect of negative pressure through the said tube). A version of the device is envisaged. |
Another patent 2513302.