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Method to briquette biowaste of animals and birds and device for its realisation Invention relates to a device for briquetting of biowaste of animals and birds, comprising a loading hopper, a conical auger installed in the hollow body, a scraper conveyor arranged in the lower part of the body, a spring-loaded plate in the form of a ski is installed at the side of the conical auger top at the outlet from the body. It additionally comprises a mixer made of a body, nozzles for input of a filler and an aggregate, besides, along the vertical axis of the mixer body there is a rotor with blades arranged at the angle to each other, the lower part of the mixer via the gate and the pipeline is connected to the lower part of the device for mixing of the material with the binder made of a body and a nozzle of binder injection, inside the body on its opposite sides there are two augers in the form of a spiral with the opposite winding rotating with the help of electric motors, at the outer side of the device body for mixing along its perimeter there is a coil with a coolant. Blades installed on the rotor of the mixer have the shape of a rectangular triangle. Application of the proposed device makes it possible to use biowaste of animals (manure, dung), and also to use local resource in the form of easily available and environment-safe materials. |
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Briquette based on pressed lignocellulose body saturated with liquid fuel Briquette consists of a pressed lignocellulose body, containing: (a) 60-90 wt % cuttings of grass stalks and (b) 10-40 wt % scutched lignocellulose binder with degree of scutching of 38-75°RS (Shopper-Rigler degrees), preferably 45 70°RS, (said percentages being expressed in dry weight relative the dry weight of the sum of (a) and (b)) and from fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having a flash point of 30-150°C, which saturates the pressed lignocellulose body, wherein said briquette has a substantially cylindrical shape and has a central smoke conduit with a star-shaped cross-section. The method of making the briquettes comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an aqueous suspension of lignocellulose binder (b) with cuttings of grass stalks (a) in such proportions that the ratio (per dry weight) of the lignocellulose binder (b) to the cuttings of the grass stalks (a) ranges from 10/90 to 40/60; (2) moulding the mixture obtained in a suitable unit of the mould (encircling part)-anti-mould (encircled part) type at temperature of 40-120°C at pressure of 3-12 bar, applied for 5-120 s; (3) removing the obtained pressed body from the press mould; and (4) saturating the pressed body removed from the press mould with fuel which is liquid at room temperature, having flash point of 30-150°C. |
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Method of making fuel briquettes Method of making fuel briquettes involves grinding combustible solid components, mixing with binder, pressing and drying the briquettes. The method is characterised by that the combustible solid components used are recycled ballistit-type gun powder or non-recoverable wastes from powder production, ground on a modernised disk mill to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and activated charcoal screenings, ground on a double-roll crusher to particle size of less than 4.0 mm, and mixed in 8.0-10.0% aqueous solution of polyacrylamide binder or a sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in a continuous or periodic action mixing device with horizontal mixers, followed by pressing into fuel briquettes on a shaft pelleting press; the formed briquettes are dried with air on a three-section belt drier at temperature 100…105°C for 3 hours, cooled and then dry-cured for three days. |
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Invention relates to briquetted solid fuel, which contains activated charcoal screenings and ballistit powder wastes which do not contain heavy metal salts and other environmentally hazardous components, ground to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and polyacrylamide as binder, with the following ratio of components, wt %: activated charcoal screenings - 75…86, ballistit powder wastes - 10…20, polyacrylamide - 4…5. The invention enables to comprehensively solve the problem of the environment, saving energy resources and recycling potentially hazardous high-energy substances. |
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Briquetted solid fuel contains activated charcoal screenings and expired ballistit powder, ground to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and polyacrylamide as binder, with the following ratio of components, wt %: activated charcoal screenings - 75…86, expired ballistit powder - 10…20, polyacrylamide - 4…5. |
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Method of making fuel briquettes from biomass Invention relates to a method of making fuel briquettes from biomass, involving heat treatment of biomass at temperature of 200-500°C without access to air, preparing binding substance obtained by dissolving dextrin in a pyrolysis condensate in ratio of 1:(5-20), mixing the binder with a carbon residue ground to particle size of 2 mm, moulding a fuel briquette from the obtained mixture and drying said briquette at room temperature for 2-5 days. The obtained briquettes have low combustion heat, improved mechanical strength and resistance to compression. |
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Invention relates to producing efficient briquetted solid fuel for household heating ovens, fireplaces, heating devices for hot water supply and gas powered electric generators. Described is briquetted solid fuel which contains activated charcoal screenings and ballistit powder ground to particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, and the binder used is polyacrylamide, with the following ratio of components, wt %: activated charcoal screenings 75-86, ballistit powder 10-20, binder 4-5. |
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Method to produce briquette fuel Method to produce briquette fuel includes stages for preparation of initial components, mixing, pressing and drying. Components used are a carbon-containing material, such brown coal medium-temperature coke of the initial grain-size composition, a mineral binder, such as subcoal aleurolite, a strengthening modifier, such a 3% aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or an aqueous solution of 10% flour paste, a hydrophobe modifier, such as fuel oil of M100 grade and water, at the following ratio of components, wt %: mineral binder - 1-10; strengthening modifier - 1-30; hydrophobe modifier - 1-10; water - 1-30; carbon-containing material - balance. After mixing of components the briquette mass is pressed into briquettes under pressure of 20-200 MPa, and then briquettes are dried at the temperature 100-250°C. |
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Method to produce coal briquettes Invention relates to the method for production of coal briquettes from coal slurry and coal fines with a binder - an aqueous solution of polyelectrolyte - a flocculant on the basis of a polyacrylamide (PAA). As an intensifying additive to increase adhesion as a charge is compressed in process of pressing, the initial solution of PAA is complemented with water-soluble surfactants from the class of polyethers based on propylene glycol. Coal briquettes are used for communal-domestic and technological purposes. |
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Composition of chemically obtained binding agent for manufacture of coal briquettes In order to increase calorific capacity and mechanical strength of fuel briquettes obtained from small coal fractions and coal slurries, there used are resinous rejects - resin after captax manufacture. Consumption of the binding agent is 7-8 wt % of the coal material weight. |
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Fuel briquette, and method for its obtaining Invention refers to fuel briquette that contains coke and anthracite fines, molasses as binding agent and additional binding agent - industrial vegetable oil. At that, briquettes have cylindrical shape with the following dimensions: diameter x height - 100x100 or 110x110 or 120x120 mm. The invention also refers to the method for obtaining fuel briquettes, which involves dosing, mixing of coke and anthracite fines and binding agent - molasses, briquetting of mixture under pressure of 35-50 MPa and drying of briquettes, and which differs by the fact that industrial vegetable oil is added to molasses prior to dosing at the following ratio of molasses : oil, wt %: 9-12 : 0.5-2; briquettes are arranged on trolleys and drying is performed at continuous discrete trolley movement (every 10 minutes) through the distance equal to the length of one trolley; at that, temperature vs. time drying mode is characterised with three stages: first stage - 100-300°C during 40 minutes, the second stage - 380-200°C during 100 minutes, the third stage - 200-100°C; besides, drying of briquettes at the first stage is performed with opposite flow in relation to trolley movement, and with cocurrent flow of drying agent at the second and the third stages. |
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Complex binder for making coal briquettes Invention relates to organic binder for coal fuel briquettes, containing a mixture of resin wastes, consisting of different amounts of resin from captax production and still residues from fractionation production of diaphene "FP". |
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Resin binder for making coal briquettes Invention relates to binder for coal fuel briquettes, which contains resin wastes - still residues from production of diaphene "FP", which are universal surfactants. |
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Method of producing fuel briquettes from low-grade fuel Method involves thermal treatment of low-grade fuel at temperature 200-500°C. A pyrolysis product is obtained - low-temperature pyrolysis resin and a carbon residue. The carbon residue is crushed and mixed with low-temperature pyrolysis resin in equal parts. Briquettes are moulded from the obtained mixture. The briquettes are dried at temperature not higher than 200°C. The obtained fuel briquettes are left to solidify at room temperature for one day. |
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Invention relates to the technology of producing solid organic fuel, particularly fuel briquettes, and can be used to heat houses, in field conditions, on transportation and in industry. The fuel briquette is made with longitudinal holes and contains organic binder in form of polypropylene production wastes in amount of 2.0-10.0 wt %, oxidising agent - potassium nitrate 2.0-5.0 wt %, catalyst - MnO2+Fe2O3 mixture with weight ratio thereof ranging from 4:1 to 1:6 in amount of 0.1-1.5 wt % and sawdust - the rest. |
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Flaky fuel briquette comprises the main part, including coal and a binder, and an ignition part, and has longitudinal holes in the entire volume of the briquette. The ignition part is located on the end surface of the briquette coaxially with holes in such a manner that the larger part of the all holes cross section is on the ignition part. The area of the ignition part cross section is less than the area of the briquette cross section and is made as increasing from the end surface of the briquette to its centre. At the same time the ignition part may be made in the form of a truncated cone, in the form of coaxial cylinders contacting with each other, besides, the smaller cylinder is arranged one above the other or in the form of a voluminous multiple-beam star. |
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FIELD: fuel chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to multilayer fuel briquet of combustible organic substances and may be used for producing domestic fuel briquets for fireplaces, portable stoves, for cooking, for heating dwelling premises and utility premises, for heating railway cars, etc. A multilayer fuel briquet comprises the main layer made of hard coal and the incendiary layer containing hard coal and nitrate. All the briquet surface is horizontally perforated. The incendiary layer contains 10-15% of hard coal, 10-25% of potassium nitrate, or, additionally, sodium nitrate 10-25%, additional stearine or paraffine 5-15% and hexamethylenetetramine 45-75%. The incendiary layer is made in the form of a lens coaxial with the openings which diameter is decreasing from the centre to each briquet side. Hard coal, hexamethylenetetramine and potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate enable easy ignition from low-temperature sources such as a match, etc. EFFECT: lens-line form of the incendiary layer makes it more light-weight, this decreasing the briquet cost. Besides, such form enhances the bond performance of the main and the incendiary layer and safe ignition of the main layer. 2 dwg, 1 ex |
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Invention relates to a fuel cell made from carbonaceous material and binder. The binder consists of water and octadecylamine; or water, octadecylamine and carbonaceous material, wherein the binder is at least once passed through a disperser with differential pressure on the disperser ranging from 0.1·105 Pa to 25·105 Pa. The amount of octadecylamine in the binder ranges from 0.1 to 10%. |
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Method of producing fuel briquette (versions) Invention relates to production of fuel briquettes from carbon-containing fine-fraction materials. Proposed method comprises preliminary mixing of melasses and lime-containing component to get modified binder to be mixed with fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material and forming briquettes with the following ratio of components, % by weight: melasses 1.8-7.0, lime-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) 0.8-3.2, fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material making the rest. Ratio between melasses and carbon-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) makes 1:(0.25-0.75), respectively. In compliance with the other version, proposed method comprises preliminary mixing of melasses and lime-containing component to get modified binder to be mixed with fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material, fine-fraction vegetable materisl and forming briquettes with the following ratio of components, % by weight: melasses 3.0-9.0, lime-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) 1.2-4.5, fine-fraction carbon-containing vegetable material 5.0-20.0, and fine-fraction carbon-containing mineral material making the rest. Ratio between melasses and carbon-containing component (in terms of Ca(OH)2) makes 1:(0.25-0.75), respectively. |
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Method of producing bricks from brown coal Bricks in the result can be used as fuel for combustion in the household use, in the boiler houses of the municipal and household purpose, at the thermal power plant, in the furnaces of the railway carriages. The essence of the offered method of obtaining the bricks consists of the mixing of brown coal of the size less than 6.0 mm with the preliminary minced particles of the size less than 2 mm by the polyethylene (domestic waste) in the quantity of 4.4÷5.0% (for the dry solid matter of the coal), with the heating of the mixture up to the temperature of 120÷140°C who the isothermal equalising during 30 minutes, obtaining the bricks at the briquetting pressure of 78 MPa. Mechanical resistance for the pressure of the obtained bricks is not less than 7.8 MPa. |
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Moisture-resistant fuel brick and method of production thereof Invention refers to solid shaped fuel technology and can be used in metallurgy, municipal economy and various industries. Fuel bricks based on coke, anthracite breeze and binder molasses solution additionally contains termoanthracite in ratio, wt %: 20-25 anthracite, 25-30 thermoanthracite, 5-16 molasses solution, and the rest - coke breeze. Components are dose out, mixed, preformed and dried. Preforming includes two-sided brick compression under pressure 35-50 MPa within 5-8 seconds. It is possible to dry air brick in dryer at temperature 380°C within 90 minutes. |
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Invention pertains to the production of non-toxic solid fuel briquettes from production wastes and can be used in various industries. The method allows for obtaining solid fuel briquettes, containing in mass.%: chips of clear wood - 25-30, tobacco dust wastes - 10-15, grain husk - 10-15, organic binding substance - 40-55, with uniform density in the whole volume and improves their calorific capacity. The method involves grinding the organic material to a fraction in the range of 0.1-5 mm, drying to moisture of 9-14%, mixing the components of the mixture with the molten organic binding substance and subsequent pressing into briquettes at specific pressure in the range of 30.0-40.0 MPa. The device consists of a case with a receiving funnel, transmission shaft, joined to a hub, with an angle hole, in which a spindle is freely fitted, on the lower part of which a former block is mounted inclined to the axis of the shaft, with a cone-shaped packing surface. The former block is made with grooves for supplying the reinforcement material under the packing surface of the working organ. In the lower part of the case there are cut plates and a matrix, with calibrated openings, the dimensions of which correspond to the cross sectional dimensions of the briquettes. On the cone-shaped surface of the forming block there are pressure clutches, with dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the calibrated openings of the matrix, into which the enter during spherical motion of the forming block. The transmission shaft is fitted with provision for vertical displacement. The forming block is made with provision for pressing at specific pressure in the 30.0-40.0 MPa range. |
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Method of briquetting wet fine grains of coal and sludges Invention pertains to the technology of briquetting carbon fuel, in particular, to the method of obtaining fuel briquettes and can be used in the coal, metallurgy, energy and other industries. The method involves mixing a binding substance with fine grained coal, briquetting of the mixture and drying of the briquettes. The method is unique in that, slurry coal is added into the mixture of the binding substance with the fine grained coal, while the binding substance, depending on the technological requirements for the briquettes, is in the form of a water solution of latex CKMC-30 APK, water solution of bustilat, water solution of PVA glue, water solution of "КМЦ-55" or "КМЦ-75" glue. Partial drying of briquettes is due to the heat released during briquetting by pressing. |
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Sapropel-containing binding material for brown coal caking Invention is useable for fine-fraction brown coal caking. The binding compound for fine-fraction brown coal caking containing gas tar and dried and ground lake sapropel is claimed, having the following component mass proportion %: gas tar - 60, sapropel - 40. |
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Process of fabricating fuel briquettes from brown coal Process consists in that for fabrication of robust brown-coal briquettes, which can be used as fuel for combustion in household and industrial furnaces, coal is first crushed and classified until fineness less than 6 mm, after which household polyethylene waste obtained through cutting polyethylene film into pieces less than 7 mm long is added to coal being briquetted in amounts of 6-7% of the weight of dry coal. Resulting mix is then heated to 90-130°C and compacted into briquettes characterized by mechanical strength 5.5 MPa. |
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Invention relates to using ferrocene-containing catalytically active plasticizers in high-modulus solid-propellant composition for different designations possessing the enhanced exploitation stability and broadly regulated range of the combustion rate. The composition comprises the following components: 60-80 wt.-% of oxidizing agent, for example, ammonium and potassium nitrate or FPCh; 2-20% of aluminum; 5-15% of liquid carboxylate rubber; 1.5-3.5% of epoxy resin, for example, epoxydiane resin ED-20 or resin EC-N; 0.01-4% of liquid ferrocene compound; 0.5-3.5% of co-plasticizer, transformer oil and/or DBS; 0.05-0.5% of hardening accelerating agents, and 0.01-0.2% of surface-active substances. Method for preparing high-modulus solid-propellant composition of reduced volatility of liquid ferrocene compound involves preliminary dissolving the ferrocene compound in co-plasticizer in the mass ratio = (20-80):(1-99) followed by plasticizing a polymeric binding agent and its mixing with surface-active substance, aluminum, oxidizing agent and hardening accelerating agents. Invention provides enhancing the strength properties of the composition. |
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Method of manufacturing lump municipal-destination biological fuel Invention relates to manufacture of domestic-destination fuel based on peat waste, which may be used in mining industry, local power engineering, municipal economy, metallurgy, railway transport, and environmental protection. Method comprises supplementing peat with additive, mixing the combination, compacting it and drying. In case of milled peat with 40-65% moisture, peat is first separated. Diesel fuel or shale is added to mixture of preliminarily soaked wood waste with coal fines at continuous stirring, resulting mixture is mixed with peat and thus obtained homogenous mixture is charged with sapropel having natural moisture content 85-94%. Finally obtained mixture is stirred and adjusted to 80-85% moisture, after which molded and dried in two steps: first at 150-200°C to 35-50% moisture and then under natural conditions to 25-33% moisture. Percentages of used components are the following, wt %: wood waste 5-10, coal fines 10-20, mazut or shale 5-10, sapropel 10-30, and peat to 100%. |
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Method for production of lumpy fuel from high moisture coal The invention is pertaining to the methods of production of household fuel, in particular, to production of fuel from low-calorie high-moisture coal. The method is realized by a coal grounding, coal crumbs loading in stacker, molding, laying, cutting of a mat grooves for bricks, a swathing and removing. After grounding the coal conduct coal charge blending with a peat crumbs with a volume of 20-25 % from the volume of the coal and with moisture of 50-60 %, or with binding consisting of a lignite sodium humate - 25 % and waters - 75 %. Besides the laying of bands is made abut with a space between the grooves of 20-30 mm and dry the bands in a permanent period till formation of flawings of 1-2 mm in width and changeover of black color of coal for brown, Then they apply a binding at the rate of 3 l per 1 m of a laying, age foe 5 hours, compact by a running roller with a soil pressure of 1.5-2 Mpa, dry up to the final moisture and remove. Then the cycles are repeated. Invention allows to reduce power costs of production of lumpy fuel at the expense of simplification of a method of its production. |
Another patent 2513490.