Monolithic system of base with resistant composite coating from homopolymer having semi-continuous configuration. RU patent 2509841.

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: monolithic system of a base with a resistant composite coating from homopolymer having semi-continuous configuration comprises load-distributing elements for formation of seams. Comprises a base that includes blocks from polystyrene foam and a bearing semi-continuous cement-concrete coating, the formwork for which is formed by blocks from polystyrene foam that are part of the base. Load-distributing elements are made in the form of load-distributing plates. Each of load-distributing plates comprises two anchors with two reinforcement bars for setting the position of the seam shaper and a hinged joint made as capable of counterclockwise rotation under action of a support moment, developed by the load, and clockwise rotation under action of the support moment developed by load-distributing plates.

EFFECT: efficient operation of a base under action of various loads, reduced material intensity and labour intensiveness.

6 cl, 6 dwg

The technical field

The invention relates to a monolithic system Foundation with persistent composite coating homopolymer with semi-continuous configuration. More particularly, the invention relates to semi-continuous concrete floor abutting plots, educated distribute the load plate, which have structural strength. These plates provide absorption, weakening and distribution of loads and resistance against attached to the efforts, as well as to the abrasion caused by stress, without displacements along the axis connecting areas and determine the direction of wear. The specified coating placed on the base, which is independent in relation to the natural soils and which performs the function of the principal and grounds.

The level of technology

Currently, the surfaces intended for formation of large public areas, mainly roads and airports, can be formed with the use of rigid and elastic coatings. Known, in particular, concrete and bitumen coating, each of which correspond to certain rules of formation, taking into account the type of material.

In the case of rigid (hard) coatings, special attention should be paid to the occurrence of unexpected changes of the characteristics of the underlying reasons, in particular the presence of soil, scalable, and thick layers of soft clay. In this regard, as applied to soils data types, special attention should be paid to reason. In particular, used materials are of several types, such as stable form of gravel, pebbles, gravel, pebble gravel and sand in layers of varying thickness, and/or other materials such as cement boards. However, first you need to make the removal of soil, i.e. plant soil layer, followed by leveling the ground for stacking multiple layers, forming basis.

There are various methods of design grounds that take into account the Foundation types, classes of soil, the material used to form the Foundation and structure of the embankment. These methods lead to complex reasons that are not always capable to maintain the desired structural integrity.

All kinds of coverings require for their support application specific options Foundation.

In addition, hard coatings must comply with the rules. The standards that are used to determine the characteristics of the coating, usually closely linked to aspects such as traffic load, support from the soil and drainage. One of the main problems you want to solve is different subsidence related concrete plates in the composition of coatings stacked on an elastic bottom. In this regard, are used items to distribute the load that minimize the load transmitted to the ground, and to prevent the deposition of plates. Another problem to be solved when using the hard cement concrete coating, connected with the seal mating sites (seams between plates. The basic function of the sealing gaps in joints of concrete surface is to prevent the penetration of water and incompressible solid materials, such as sand, small stones and other foreign objects. Infiltration of water through seams adversely affect the durability of the coating, as is the main reason for dissolution of a Foundation that is the deteriorating quality of base layer in the ejection of particles gravel or chippings. This means that the plates become vulnerable and, therefore, susceptible to degradation.

Disclosure of the invention

To overcome or minimize these problems, created a solid system base/coverage using the base, which consists of blocks from foam polystyrene and coating containing special items to distribute the load.

Thus, the problem solved by the invention consists in providing for semi-continuous cement concrete coating abutting plots, educated distribute the load plate, which have structural strength. These plates provide absorption, weakening and distribution of loads and resistance against attached to the efforts, as well as to the abrasion caused by stress, without displacements along the axis connecting areas, and determine the direction of wear. The floor is laid on the Foundation that is independent of the native soil and the function of the basic and underlying basis, providing support for semi-continuous concrete pavement.

The system used in the invention of items to distribute the load essentially correspond to similar elements described in the patent Portugal RT 102947 and improved in such a way as to enable the use of the base blocks of polystyrene. The content of the RT 102947 incorporated, by reference, in this description as prior art.

Brief description of drawings

Next, the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of a non-limiting example of its implementation.

1 schematically illustrates the system according to the invention.

Figure 2 schematically illustrates the seams expansion and contraction.

Figure 3 schematically illustrates structural seam.

Figure 4 presents another illustration of the system according to the invention.

Figure 5 in promising picture presents distribute the load plate is in the system according to the invention.

Figure 6 distribute the load plate are presented on the front view.

The implementation of the invention

Before pouring concrete pavement prepare the corresponding base, able to carry pour coverage area, consisting of several longitudinal strips, each of which is formed by a sequence of plates. The sizes of plates, in turn, are set by the formwork. At the final stage produce casting of slabs.

As shown on the drawings, the base 1 is formed by blocks of expanded polystyrene of high density, which, being homopolymers, remains stable during the entire lifetime of the system and saves the permanent technical characteristics (such as density and the modulus of deformation) and the constant coefficient Vestergaard A/cm 3 . Base 1 determines the carrying capacity of the whole system, so its design should define this function. Blocks of polystyrene foam with given density and size, placed on the ground (canvas) 2. Errors of alignment of a surface should not exceed 5 mm over a length of 3 m

When forming the corresponding formwork there is no need to fill it with inert materials with different granulometric properties and use partitions, as in the known systems.

Since the main and additional layers of substrate 1, used in the system, according to the invention, formed from expanded polystyrene of high density, it acquires a certain specifications, which remain unchanged throughout the life of this material. Among these characteristics include:

- save physical and chemical properties;

- preservation of constant density/mass/volume;

- continuity modules of elasticity and deformation;

- invariance of the properties in the presence of a temperature gradient;

- preservation of integrity;

- ensuring uniform bearing properties;

- service life of over 100 years;

- reducing the coefficient of friction at the time of the sealing of concrete;

- possibility of laying manually without the help of heavy equipment;

- the function of formwork in the formation of the concrete coating 3;

- an opportunity of formation of inclined surfaces for cold water;

- does not require Scrivania box-like structure in special circumstances;

- the possibility of forming grooves for draining water;

- the possibility of filing a concrete mix pump, which allows the use of concrete, with a greater shrinkage

- simplification of pouring concrete, because the feed pump facilitates access to the flooded area;

- improved performance.

Blocks of expanded polystyrene replace the main and additional layers of traditional grounds. In addition, these units form the mold, which allows continuous pouring concrete. The extent to which comes form, will correspond to the initial specified level generated zone. The tolerance for the height range from 1 to 2 cm on the length of the block. The length of the elements of formwork is limited by the need to ensure the horizontal alignment and fill in accordance with the specified level.

After forming the base 1 and, accordingly, formwork, can be made concreting to obtain coverage 3 in accordance with the specifications.

The process of concreting includes the following steps.

Preparation

The formation of longitudinal profile will be made on the spot, using topographic devices. The specified level is checked using struts, firmly anchored in the ground outside the flooded strips with a maximum spacing of 50 m This allows you to precisely follow the longitudinal profile, in parallel to the final level formed plate. When bent distance between the posts is reduced to ensure precise observance of the design profile. Installation of racks should be made at least a day before concreting. Except occurrence of local obstacles that must be addressed by the control service, preparation abutting plots and installation distribute the load plate should be ahead fill about 50 m to ensure continuity of the process.

Diversion of water from the surface will be provided with drainage system, which will be formed simultaneously with the laying of the Foundation of 1 (i.e. blocks of expanded polystyrene).

Preparation pour strip to prevent water leaks from concrete

To prevent any absorption of water from the concrete base 1, it must be covered with sliding layer thickness of about 0.2 mm and the insulation layer thickness of 20 cm

Concrete composition

Concrete composition should be directed to control the appropriate service for permission to use. It must meet the requirements defined for each individual project.

Production, transportation and concreting

Manufacturing

The production of a composition should preferably be formed near zone, and the capacity of the equipment must be sufficient to ensure fill in continuous mode.

Type of transportation (cement truck or dump truck) must be approved by the control service.

Concreting

The casting will be produced with the use of vibroabrasive, possibly in conjunction with the correctional line.

Adding or removing material are not allowed.

In special areas compaction of concrete can be done by manual internal. So, through such vibrator must handle all edges of the plates on the joints with the formwork.

Atmospheric conditions

Pouring the concrete should not be made during heavy rain.

Surface treatment

Surface treatment of fresh concrete must be done brushes, approved by the appropriate inspection.

Transverse and longitudinal seams

All transverse and longitudinal seams are supplied distribute the load plate.

Seams compression and expansion are performed, as shown in figure 2.

The cutting depth is at least 2 see

Construction joints

An example of this seam is shown in figure 3. Construction joints are formed in the area flooded by the end of the working day, or in case of interruption of the operation of the fill. As you can see from the drawing, the front surface of the weld must be flat and perpendicular to the surface of the coating. Once the concrete pouring resumes, data seams are surrounded by concrete with both sides. To ensure effective separation of plates, previous stove wetted agent, adhesion, such as Antisol.

Floor 3 (see figure 4) consists of 4 plates, equipped distribute the load plate 5, each of which contains two anchor 6 with two steel bars for 7 set the position of driver 8 of the seam (joint) and hinge 9, which under the action of the reference point that is generated by the load rotates counterclockwise, and under the action of the reference point that is generated distribute the load plate 5, rotating clockwise. This hinge 9 is located under the driver 8 interface, and its axis crosses the vertical axis of the seam, asked the driver 8 joint.

Hinge 9 frees concrete slabs 4 from the stresses caused by bending/a stretch at the moment of load distribution, providing insensitivity the base 1 to bending moments generated by the load, and thus the ability to work 4 plates, essentially in terms of compressive stresses. This allows the factor of safety, much higher than the normal values, and long service life of the base 1 plate 4. Thus, hinge 9, liberating concrete slabs 4 from stress caused by bending/a stretch at the moment of distribution efforts, allows concrete slabs 4 for a longer period of work in conditions of compression. Eliminating the constant stress state of plates and can filter out most of the vibrations caused rolling loads.

Plate 4 have the following geometric parameters:

- nominal thickness: variable (depending efforts, acting on the plate);

tilt - side: usually 2% (see drawing corresponding cross-section);

- nominal length: from 5 to 8 m (depending on the applied load);

- nominal width: from 5 to 8 m (depending on the applied load).

Plate 4 will be subject to:

1 - emerging from time to time rolling and static loads;

2 - horizontal tension caused by the shrinkage of concrete;

3 - horizontal stress caused by friction;

4 an effort breaking, effective on the plate 4 by poles on the axes of the joints due to load balancing, and

5 - infiltration of liquid (in particular water), for example the phenomenon of " dilution".

The present invention relates to the floor 3, and which has been tested in various adverse conditions, based on a new concept of support of seams, which is the application distributes the load plate 5, equipped with hinges 9, liberating as described, concrete slabs 4 from the stresses caused by bending/a stretch at the moment of transfer of the burden. This provides an insensitivity the base 1 to bending moments, so plate 4 are essentially in terms of compressive stresses. In fact, the use of hinges 9 allows to make the base 1 of polystyrene blocks.

To protect the base 1 from chemical agents and thinners required the closure of the seams. This sealing is provided with installation of driver 8 seam, which, given a certain inclination for Oceania water (liquid), in combination with the use of insulating material-type silicon. This (two-component) material is injected into the seam zone, on top of the former (8 seam to completely isolate him.

In addition, the base 1 should have a coating of plastic on his upper and lateral sides. Plastic reduces the friction coefficient of the concrete slab 4 during shrinking 2.5-0.5 times and to ensure the isolation of blocks from foam polystyrene in respect of any chemical exposure in contact with any liquids on the surface 3.

Economic aspects

- in investing in heavy equipment for carrying out of works on removal of top soil;

- excavation;

- application of special inert materials;

- installation of these materials;

- in the compaction of inert materials;

- alignment inert materials

i.e. all types of work connected with the laying of the selected materials for the formation of the base 1 (including its principal and underlying parts).

The possibility of laying the Foundation of 1 manual will revolutionize the whole concept of creation of the basis on which are formed covering 3.

Durability (service life is over 100 years old) in the total absence of activities for the service significantly reduces the financial costs both in the public and private sectors and allows you to invest in other priority areas.

Low capital cost of the proposed technology combined with durability make it available to all organizations working in this field.

1. Monolithic system Foundation with persistent composite coating homopolymer with semi-continuous configuration and containing distribute the load to the joints, characterized in that it contains the base (1)containing blocks from foam polystyrene and which bears semi-continuous cement concrete coating, planking which is formed by blocks of polystyrene that are part of the base (1), distribute the load items made in the form of distributing the load plate (5), each of distributing the load plate (5) contains two anchor (6) with two steel rods (7) for the position of driver (8) seam and joint (9), made with the possibility of rotation against clockwise under the action of supporting the moment generated by the load, and clockwise under the action of the reference point that is generated distribute the load plate (5).

2. The system of claim 1, wherein blocks from the foam polystyrene with the amount determined structural requirements laid manually.

3. The method of construction of the monolithic system, characterized according to claim 1, consisting of base and cover, characterized in that the hinge (9) releases concrete slabs from the stresses caused by the bending/a stretch at the moment of load distribution, providing insensitivity reasons (1) to bending moments generated by the load, and thus the possibility of working plates, essentially in terms of compressive stresses.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the joint (9) establish under the shaper (8) the seam so that its axis crosses the vertical axis seam specified driver (8) the joint.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the protection grounds (1) from the action of chemical agents and thinners seam seal, injectarea insulating material type silicone over shaper (8) joint with the provision of complete isolation.

6. Way on any of p-5, wherein the base (1) cover along the top and the sides of the plastic in order to reduce the friction coefficient of the concrete slab (4) during its shrinkage 2.5-0.5 times and simultaneous protection of blocks from foam polystyrene from a possible spill liquid on the surface of the system.