Ceramic mass for production of facing tile |
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IPC classes for russian patent Ceramic mass for production of facing tile (RU 2557031):
Raw mixture for manufacturing wall ceramics / 2553131
Invention aims at manufacturing wall ceramics. The raw mixture contains, wt %: gas cleaning dust of ferroalloy industry containing SiO2 [61.49-79.58] and MgO [1.58-3.57] 64-66; high-calcium fly ash of brown coal burning 29-31; carbonised 5.0.
 Ceramic mass for brick making / 2552424
Ceramic mass for brick making contains the following, wt %: high-melting clay 57.0-62.0; crushed quartzites so that they can pass through mesh No. 014 30.0-34.0; crushed zircon so that it can pass through mesh No. 014 2.0-3.0; Portland cement 5.0-7.0.
Ceramic mass for production of facing tiles / 2534314
Ceramic mass for production of facing tiles includes the following components, wt %: kaolin 2.0-4.0; bentonite 2.0-4.0; loess 67.5-75.5; broken tiles 0.1-0.5; phosphorite 8.0-12.0; quartz sand 10.0-14.0.
Raw mix for manufacturing of wall ceramic products / 2524733
Raw mix for manufacturing of wall ceramic products includes dust from gas treatment of ferroalloys production with the following content, wt %: SiO2 - 61.49-79.58 and MgO - 1.58-3.57 and high-calcium fly ash from combustion of brown coals at the following ratio of components, wt %: dust of gas treatment of ferroalloys production - 35-55; fly ash from combustion of brown coals - 45-65.
Method of producing wollastonite-based ceramic articles / 2524724
Method of producing wollastonite-based ceramic articles includes preparing an aqueous slurry from a mixture of natural wollastonite, clay and vermiculite, moulding articles, drying and firing. The mixture for the slurry contains the following components, wt %: wollastonite - 50-65; vermiculite - 15-20; clay - 5-10; alumina cement - 15-20. the slurry is prepared in a mixer by mixing for not more than 30 minutes while adding water in amount of 40-45% of the weight of dry components, and the articles are moulded with bumping-down in nonporous moulds.
Method of producing composite ceramic articles / 2524095
Method of producing composite ceramic articles includes preparing a moulding mixture as filler from rock and a binding agent in form of phosphoric acid, holding the obtained mixture, moulding articles from the obtained mixture, followed by heat treatment; preparation of the moulding mixture is carried out by particle size classification, with selection of the following fractions of the filler: -1.0+0.315, -0.315+0.08 and -0.08+0.042, in ratio of 6:3:1 in form of quartz porphyry or granite or liparite in amount of 65-72 wt %, which is mixed with phosphoric acid in amount of 25-30 wt % and glass fibre with the ratio of the length of the fibre to the diameter thereof ranging from 5000 to 6000 in amount of 3-5 wt %, holding at temperature of 20-30°C for 25-40 hours, moulding at pressure of 35-45 MPa and heat treatment at temperature of 350-380°C for 1.5 hours.
 Crude mixture for making ceramic wall articles / 2521994
Crude mixture for making ceramic wall articles contains gas cleaning dust from production of ferroalloys containing, wt %: SiO2 - 61.49-79.58 and MgO - 1.58-3.57, carbonised loam and high-calcium fly ash from burning brown coal, with the following ratio of components, wt %: gas cleaning dust from production of ferroalloys - 66-68; fly ash from burning brown coal - 3-7; carbonised loam - 27-29.
 Raw mixture for production of wall ceramic items / 2520321
Raw mixture contains the following, wt %: ferroalloy production gas cleaning dust 68.0-66.7; carbonated clay loam 29.1-28.6; carbon lining crushing spill 2.9-4.7. Cold resistance comprises 75 cycles.
Ceramic mixture for making facing tile / 2520308
Ceramic mixture contains, wt %: copper-nickel ore beneficiation wastes 39.8-58.5, nepheline additive in form of apatite-nepheline ore beneficiation wastes 19.0-39.8, iron ore beneficiation wastes 14.6-19.9 and binder - sulphite alcohol spent liquor 0.5-5.0. The copper-nickel ore beneficiation wastes contain, wt %: chlorite, hydrochlorite 50.6-65.7, serpentine minerals 10.2-15.0, talc 10.0-14.0, magnetite 3.2-7.1, pyroxenes, amphiboles 5.0-6.7, albite 2.0-2.3, quartz 1.9-2.2, gypsum 1.9-2.1. The apatite-nepheline ore beneficiation wastes contain, wt %: nepheline 56.8-61.1, aegirine 10.2-13.0, nepheline secondary minerals 7.5-10.2, feldspar 5.8-7.4, apatite 3.4-5.4, sphene 2.2-3.2, ore minerals 0.9-1.7, mica 1.5-2.3. The iron ore beneficiation wastes contain, wt %: quartz 56.2-68.9, feldspar 17.0-25.5, mica 4.4-8.4, amphibole and pyroxene 1.5-3.4, mineral aggregates 1.3-3.3, magnetite 1.2-3.2.
Ceramic mass / 2517403
Ceramic mass contains, wt %: refractory clay 40.0-45.0; quartzites 10.0-15.0; wollastonite 35.0-40.0; zircon 5.0-10.0.
Raw mix for manufacture of wall ceramics / 2254308
Raw mix contains 50.69-51.4% of flue ash from brown coal combustion, 41.17-42.06% of microsilica from crystalline silicon production, and 6.54-7.84% of electrofilter dust from aluminum production.
Raw mix and a method for manufacturing wall ceramics / 2254309
Raw mix contains 52. 7-56.3% of microsilica, 42.5-46.5% of flue ash, and 0.8-1.2% of electrofilter dust from original aluminum production. Wall ceramic products comprises preparation of blend, molding, drying, and firing at 800°C, and additional steaming of fired products.
Raw mixture and method for making wall ceramic article / 2255919
Invention is designated for manufacturing wall ceramic articles. The raw mixture comprises the following components in the ratio, wt.-%: microsilica in manufacturing crystalline silicon, 33.9-54.5; ash fly after combustion of brown coals, 44.5-63.5, and electrofilter dust in basic manufacturing aluminum, 1.0-2.6. Electrofilter dust represents brown color waste and comprises calcium, magnesium and aluminum fluorides, cryolite and organic substances. Method involves preparing the charge, molding, drying, roasting at 800°C and moistening ready articles by keeping in water for 24 h. Invention provides enhancing resistance to cold, reducing average density and roasting temperature of material.
 Raw mixture and method of producing cellular ceramic materials / 2263087
Raw mixture comprises, in mass%, 8.81-9.37 of micro-silicon dioxide, 50.0-53.3 of ash-priming, 3.12-8.6 of carbon lining, 0.06-0.072 of aluminum powder, 0.02-0.31 of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 33.8-35.07 of water. The method comprises preparing the mixture, molding, swelling by vibration, drying at a temperature of 100°C, and roasting at a temperature 800°C.
 Raw material mixture and method of manufacture of ceramic materials of high-porous structure / 2263088
Proposed mixture includes the following components, mass-%: microsilica, 8.06-8.31; fly ash, 56.30-58.20; aluminum powder, 0.40-0.42; detergent, 0.40-0.42; carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.81-0.98; calcium chloride, 0.17-0.19; water, 32.20-33.54. Method of manufacture of ceramic materials of high-porous structure includes preparation of mixture, molding, vibration bulging, drying at temperature of 100°C and roasting at temperature 900°C.
Refractory foamed carbon-containing material / 2263648
Invention relates to manufacturing light porous carbon-containing refractory materials. Invention proposes material showing inorganic cellular structure prepared by foaming and hardening the slip composition prepared from ground charge with a gas-forming agent - finely divided crystalline silicon mixed with water glass in the following mass ratios of components in the slip composition: water glass : silicon = (3-6):1 and charge : water glass = (1.0-1.5):1. Charge comprises components in the following ratio, mas. p. p.: mineral filling agent, 45-53; calcined shungite, 15-22; aluminum powder, 10-15. Quartz sand, quartzite, perlite, vermiculite, dinas, cement fly ash and slags are used as a mineral filling agent, Foamed material comprises 12-20 wt.-% of silicon carbide and 25-51 wt.-% of kyanite prepared by exothermic reaction at 1400-1700°C carrying out in volume of hardened porous material. Material shows porosity 60-81% and heat conductivity 0.08-0.18 Wt/m x K at 20°C and shows high mechanical indices and stability in oxidizing medium. Material can be prepared without large energy and labor consumptions.
Raw mixture for production of wall ceramic articles / 2267471
Claimed mixture contains as starting components (mass %) microsilica from crystal silicium production 51.9-52.9; fly ash from brown coal combustion 43.3-42.4; electrostatic cleaner from aluminum production 0.9-1.0, and detergent 2.9-4.7.
Raw materials mixture for production of wall ceramic products / 2268866
The invention is pertaining to the field of construction industry, in particular, to production raw materials mixture for production of wall ceramic products. The technical result of the invention is an increased frost resistance of the products at reduction of a shrinkage and temperatures of the material roasting. The raw materials mixture contains (in mass %): microsilica of production of crystalline silicon - 30.43-31.82, a fly ash from incineration of brown coals - 56.52-59.09 and a prorash from bucking of the spent carbon lining of electrolytic baths - 9.09-13.04.
Raw mixture for making wall ceramic article / 2269500
Invention proposes a raw mixture and composites for making wall ceramic articles. Proposed raw mixture for making wall ceramic articles comprises as raw components microsilica from manufacture of crystalline silicon, fly ash after combustion of brown coals, spills after crushing the depleted coal fettling of electrolyzers and detergent "Taiga" taken in the following ratio of components, wt.-%: microsilica, 30.4-31.0; fly ash, 56,3-57.5; spills after crushing the depleted coal fettling of electrolyzers, 8.8-9.0, and detergent "Taiga", 2.7-4.3. Invention provides enhancing strength and resistance to cold, decreasing shrinkage and the roasting point.
 Method of manufacturing products based on silica-containing binder / 2283818
Invention relates to manufacture of a variety of different-destination building products such as bricks, wall blocks, footway materials, face wall and floor tiles as well as various heat-insulation and structural heat-insulation units like slabs, blocks, shells, and segments showing elevated strength and heat-insulation characteristics based on silica-containing binder using non-expensive mineral raw material and production wastes. Method involves preparing silica-containing binder with density 1.1-2.1 g/cc from mixture composed of inorganic bonding material, silica-containing component, and water under vigorous stirring in high-speed mixer at stirring speed 1500-2500 rpm, stirred particle vibration frequency2000-35000 Hz, and heating to 80-90°C followed by cooling at stirring with speed 40-100 rpm for 10-12 h to 15-25°C. Preparation of molding blend is accomplished by blending 9.0-13.5% of silica-containing binder with silica-containing aggregate, homogenizing the blend, and heat treatment of molded products at 400-950°C. When combustible aggregates are used heat treatment is carried out at 90°C.
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FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of building materials and can be applied in production of ceramic tile for internal and external facing works. Ceramic mass includes the following components, wt %: wastes from copper-nickel ore enrichment 44.6-50.4, fluxing additive - broken glass 34.6-44.6 and chalk 10.3-15.0. Wastes from copper-nickel ore processing have composition, wt %: chlorite, hydrochlorite 55.2-58.3, serpentine minerals 11.2-14.7, talc 11.0-13.8, titanium-ilmenite, magnetite, chromite 7.2-8.0, gypsum 2.0-2.1, albite 2.0-2.3, quartz 2.0-2.2, pyroxenes 1.0-1.6, amphiboles 4.1-5.1, calcium and magnesium carbonates 0.1-4.0. EFFECT: ceramic mass makes it possible to increase compressive strength and flexural strength of facing tile, obtained from ceramic mass. 2 cl, 2 tbl
The invention relates to the manufacture of building materials and can be used in the manufacture of ceramic tiles for interior and exterior finishing works. In connection with reduction of a traditional ceramic raw materials in greater relevance in the production of building materials acquires the use of industrial waste. As raw material for the production of ceramic products for construction purposes can be used waste mining complexes, as well as secondary raw materials. However, in the manufacture of building products such as ceramic tiles, there is the problem of choosing the optimal initial composition of the ceramic mass from the point of view of obtaining products with improved strength properties and performance of water absorption without increasing the firing temperature. Famous ceramic mass for manufacturing facing tiles (see us Pat. 2278089 of the Russian Federation, IPC C04B 33/16, 33/00 (2006.01), 2006), including wt.%: fusible clay 30-40, tailings copper-Nickel ores 50-55 and as a fluxing additives - nepheline concentrate 7-15. Tailings copper-Nickel ores have the following composition, wt.%: chlorite, hydrochloric 55,8-58,32, serpentine minerals 11,3-14,65, talc 11,2-13,8, titanomagnetite, magnetite, chromite 7,18-8,0, gypsum 1,95-2,1, albite 2,0-2,3, quartz 1,98-of 2.21, boom start�hree-1,0-1,56, amphiboles 4,0-5,05. Get wall tiles in the temperature range of firing 1050-1100°C has a Flexural strength of 17.6 is 25.9 MPa, the apparent density of 2.38-2.48 g/cm3, water absorption of 8.3 to 12.8%. This ceramic material is characterized by insufficiently high bending strength of the resulting tiles. In addition, the ceramic mass contains a significant amount (up to 55%), primary material in the form of fusible clay and nepheline concentrate. Known also adopted as a prototype ceramic mass for manufacturing facing tiles (see us Pat.2520308 of the Russian Federation, IPC C04B 35/16, 33/132 (2006.01), 2014), including wt.%: tailings copper-Nickel ores of 39.8-58,5, nepheline additive in the form of tailings Apatite-nepheline ores 19,0 of 39.8, tailings iron ore 14,6-19,9 binder and sulfite-alcohol bard is 0.5-5.0. Tailings copper-Nickel ores include, wt.%: chlorite, hydrochloric 50,6-65,7, serpentine minerals 10,2-15,0, talc 10,0-14,0, magnetite 3,2-7,1, pyroxenes, amphiboles 5,0-6,7, albite 2,0-2,3, quartz 1.9 to 2.2, plaster of 1.9 to 2.1. Get tiles at the firing temperature of 1100°C has a Flexural strength of 38.5-70,3 MPa, the compressive strength 142,5-187,6 MPa apparent density of 2.4-2,56 g/cm3and water absorption of 0.2-0.6%. Known ceramic material is characterized by insufficiently high compressive strength obtained veneers�full-time tile. In addition, ceramic is a multicomponent mass, which complicates the process of its manufacture. The present invention is directed to the achievement of the technical result consists in increasing the strength of the resulting ceramic tiles in compression and provide a high bending strength with a smaller number of components of the ceramic mass. The technical result is achieved in that the ceramic mass for manufacturing facing tiles, including tailings copper-Nickel ores and fluxing additive according to the invention, further comprises chalk, and as a fluxing additives - glass, with the following ratio of components, wt.%:
The achievement of the technical result is driven by the fact that tailings copper-Nickel ores have the following composition, wt.%:
The essential features of the claimed invention, determining the scope of legal protection and sufficient to obtain the above technical result, perform the functions and correlate with the results as follows. The use of chalk in the composition of the ceramic mass due to the following. In the ceramic industry it is used as a smoother of the second kind when the firing temperature of the products is over 1000°C. this forms an aluminosilicate melt, which consists of a simple cation and a complex anion complexes. Silicon and aljumokalievye anions are large aggregates to form large inactive complexes, which leads to increased viscosity of aluminosilicate melts calcium Cations Ca 2+generated by thermal dissociation of chalk, contribute to the partial transition (AlO4) in (AlO6and limit the occurrence of complexes of groups (AlO4) and (SiO4). Because a significant portion of CaO, introduced with chalk, goes into the melt, the size and complexity of complex anions decreases. This changes the structure of the melt happens and the intensification of the sintering process. Introduction of chalk, primarily with the ground, in the amount of 10.3-15,0 wt.% leads to softening of the resulting complex of complexes of aluminium (AlO4) and silicon (SiO4), which improves the sintering of the ceramic mass and increases the strength characteristics of the resulting tile. The content of chalk in an amount of less than 10.3 wt.% leads to the formation of complexes of aluminum and silicon, which causes an increase in melt viscosity and deterioration of sintering, and the content of chalk in the amount of more than 15.0 wt.% results in intensive formation of anorthite phase, which also prevents the sintering process. The use of cullet in the composition of the ceramic mass as a fluxing additive increases the amount of liquid phase during firing. The introduction of cullet in the amount of 34.6-44.6 wt.% increases the mechanical strength of the finished product and causes the reduction in the porosity and water absorption, which is regulated by GOST 1996-93 and is less than 12% for facade tiles from ceramic masses, containing carbonates. The increase in the content of cullet above 44.6 wt.% leads to deformation of the tiles. When the content of cullet below of 34.6 wt.% deteriorating sintering of tiles that increases the rate of water absorption and reduction of mechanical strength. Introduction to ceramic mass of tailings copper-Nickel ores due to the fact that the main components of their mineral composition are chlorites and hydrochlorite having colimitation structure. This can improve the molding properties of mass, to intensify the sintering process to form a dense ceramic body with improved physical and mechanical characteristics. In addition, the waste has a particle size less than 0.01 mm, which does not require additional grinding and high specific surface area, which provides good reactivity during firing. Introduction of tailings copper-Nickel ores in the amount of 44.6-of 50.4 wt.% optimizes the sintering interval and intensifies solid-phase reactions, which contributes to the improvement of the technical characteristics of ceramic tiles. The introduction of waste in excess of 50.4 wt.% causes intense crystallization in the melt of some phases, particularly anorthite, which leads to deterioration of caking of the mass and, consequently, increase water absorption and decrease�Oia Flexural strength of the finished products. The introduction of the waste in an amount less than 44.6 wt.% increases water absorption of the products due to incomplete binding of the oxides of calcium and magnesium contained in the waste. The combination of the above features necessary and sufficient to increase the strength of the resulting ceramic tiles on compression and high bending strength at a smaller number of components of the ceramic mass, which simplifies the manufacturing process of tiles. In a particular embodiment of the invention preferred that the composition of tailings copper-Nickel ores. The main components of tailings copper-Nickel ores are chlorites and hydrochlorite, serpentine minerals and talc, the content of which is respectively, wt.%: 55,2-58,3, 11,2-14,7, 11,0-13,8. Secondary minerals are represented, in wt.%: titanomagnetite, magnetite, chromite 7,2-8,0, plaster 2,0-2,1, albite 2,0-2,3, quartz of 2.0-2.2, pyroxenes 1,0-1,6, amphiboles 4,1-5,1 and carbonates of calcium and magnesium and 0.1 to 4.0. In addition, as mentioned above, used waste has a particle size less than 0.01 mm, which is characterized by their high specific surface area and does not require additional grinding. The use of tailings copper-Nickel ores of the above composition in combination with other components of the ceramic mass allows you to increase strength�ü obtain ceramic tiles for compression and to provide a high bending strength with a smaller number of components of the ceramic mass. Ceramic mass according to the invention was prepared as follows. To prepare the masses using tailings copper-Nickel ores with grain size less than 0.01 mm, cullet and ground chalk. Glass is pre-crushed to a particle size 0,140-0,315 mm. the Components of the ceramic mass is mixed in the stated proportions. The resulting mixture was thoroughly homogenized and moistened with water to a moisture content of 6-8%. Further pressing of samples molded at a pressure of 26 MPa, dried at 105-110°C and calcined at a temperature of 1100°C with isothermal exposure for 1 hour. Cooling of produce samples in the oven until cooled. Examples of compositions of ceramic mass according to the invention are shown in Table 1, and the main properties of the resulting tiles - in Table 2.
From the data presented in Tables 1 and 2, it is seen that the proposed ceramic mass in comparison with the prototype allows to obtain with a smaller number of component tiles with high compressive strength (up to 247,4 MPa), high strength in bending (to 71.4 MPa) and regulated water absorption. Low temperature coefficient of linear expansion (5,45·10-6°C-1] or less) allows you to extend the use of the resulting tiles with regard to the application of different glaze coatings. 1. Ceramic mass for manufacturing facing tiles, including tailings copper-Nickel ores and fluxing additive, wherein the weight further comprises chalk, and as a fluxing additives - the broken glass in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
2. Ceramic mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the tailings copper-Nickel ores have the following composition, wt.%:
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